Presentation on the topic "Permian period". Presentation on the topic: "Paleozoic era" Presentation on animals and plants of the Permian period
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Permian period http://prezentacija.biz/
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The Permian period, also Permian, is the last geological period of the Paleozoic era. Began 298.9 ± 0.2 million years ago, ended 252.2 ± 0.5 million years ago. Thus it continued for about 47 million years.
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There are several options for subdividing the Permian system. In Russia, the division according to the East European stratigraphic scale is more common. The relationships between the various scales are shown in the table. Stratigraphic scales of the Permian system
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The Permian period was identified in 1841 by the British geologist Roderick Murchison in the area of the city of Perm. Now this tectonic structure is called the Pre-Ural trough. Murchison also discovered its widespread distribution in the Urals and the Russian Plain.
One of the key sections of the Urals section of the Permian system is Ermak-kamen on the banks of the Sylva River. In the Early Permian era there was a sea with bryozoan reefs.
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Photo Sediments of the Kungurian stage near the village. Alexandrovskoye, Krasnoufimsky district
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In the Permian period, the formation of Gondwana ended, a collision of continents occurred, as a result of which the Appalachian Mountains were formed. From the point of view of the theory of geosynclines, the Hercynian folding occurred in the Permian period. Already in the Triassic period, deserts formed in place of many mountains.
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The fauna of marine invertebrates (Fig. 114) differs little from the Carboniferous: productids and spiriferids are widely developed, which give rise to a number of new leading forms. Some genera of pelecypods and gastropods are widely developed, and the first ammonites with a complex lobate line appear among cephalopods.
Fossil Age: Paleozoic Era, Perm Location of Find: Bashkiria, Shikhany Fossil Type: Invertebrates, Brachiopods
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Many representatives characteristic of the Carboniferous die out at the end of the Permian: goniatites, the last trilobites, fusulines and schwagerines, all Paleozoic corals, ancient sea urchins, almost all productids and spiriferids, etc., completely die out.
Sea lily Jimbacrinus bostocki, one of the victims of the Permian extinction (photo John Cancalosi / National Geographic)
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Among the vertebrates, the number of reptiles is increasing, with a widely developed group of animal-like (theromorphs), such as foreigners, and the clumsy herbivorous pareiasaurs, found by Prof. V.P. Amalitsky near the city of Kotlas on the Northern Dvina (Fig. 115, 116).
Skeleton of Pareiasaurus Scutosaurus Karpinski
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The Permian flora is characterized by a reduction in ferns, which dominated the Carboniferous, and the development of gymnosperms, among which conifers, ginkgos, cycads, etc. are widespread. At the end of the period, sigillaria and lepidodendrons completely disappear.
Kazan stage of the Permian system of the lower Kama region (NP "Lower Kama"), petrified wood
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The Permian period is a time of intense coal accumulation, especially on the Asian continent. Among the large coal basins, we can note the Kuznetsk, Taimyr, Pechora, Tunguska and others, where the bulk of coal is associated with rocks of Permian age. Fossil coals of Permian age account for 24.3% of the world's reserves.
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Among the lagoon formations of Permian age, deposits of gypsum, anhydrite, rock and potassium salts are widely developed, large deposits of which are located in the European part of Russia (Solikamsk, Iletsk, Artemovsk, Ural-Emba region) and in Western Europe (Strasfurt in Germany, etc.).
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The climate of the Permian period was characterized by pronounced zonality and increasing aridity. In general, we can say that it was close to modern
Anteosaurus and keratocephalians
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The Permian is characterized by red-colored continental sediments and deposits of salt-bearing lagoons, which reflects the increased aridity of the climate: the Permian is characterized by the most extensive deserts in the history of the planet: sands even covered the territory of Siberia.
Red Stones 2 km southeast of the village of Pervokrasnoe. Geomorphological natural monument, area – 48.0 hectares. It is a weathering remnant and a reference section of Upper Permian deposits.
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In addition, many Permian fossils were found in the Arkhangelsk region, especially near the Malaya Northern Dvina and Mezen rivers. Among the animals found there are such well-known ones as Scutosaurus, Inostracevia, the early cynodont Dvinia, as well as numerous amphibians and insects.
Scutosaurus skeleton
Dicinodon Skull
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The Permian period, also Permian, is the last geological period of the Paleozoic era. Began 298.9 ± 0.2 million years ago, ended 252.2 ± 0.5 million years ago. Thus it continued for about 47 million years.
Slide 3
There are several options for subdividing the Permian system. In Russia, the division according to the East European stratigraphic scale is more common. The relationships between the various scales are shown in the table. Stratigraphic scales of the Permian system
Slide 4
The Permian period was identified in 1841 by the British geologist Roderick Murchison in the area of the city of Perm. Now this tectonic structure is called the Pre-Ural trough. Murchison also discovered its widespread distribution in the Urals and the Russian Plain. One of the key sections of the Urals section of the Permian system is Ermak-kamen on the banks of the Sylva River. In the Early Permian era there was a sea with bryozoan reefs.
Slide 5
Photo Sediments of the Kungurian stage near the village. Alexandrovskoye, Krasnoufimsky district
Slide 6
In the Permian period, the formation of Gondwana ended, a collision of continents occurred, as a result of which the Appalachian Mountains were formed. From the point of view of the theory of geosynclines, the Hercynian folding occurred in the Permian period. Already in the Triassic period, deserts formed in place of many mountains.
Slide 7
The fauna of marine invertebrates (Fig. 114) differs little from the Carboniferous: productids and spiriferids are widely developed, which give rise to a number of new leading forms. Some genera of pelecypods and gastropods are widely developed, and the first ammonites with a complex lobate line appear among cephalopods. Fossil Age: Paleozoic Era, Perm Location of Find: Bashkiria, Shikhany Fossil Type: Invertebrates, Brachiopods
Slide 8
Many representatives characteristic of the Carboniferous die out at the end of the Permian: goniatites, the last trilobites, fusulines and schwagerinas, all Paleozoic corals, ancient sea urchins, almost all productids and spiriferids, etc. completely die out. Sea lily Jimbacrinusbostocki, one of the victims of the Permian extinction (photo by John Cancalosi/National Geographic)
Slide 9
Among the vertebrates, the number of reptiles is increasing, with a widely developed group of animal-like (theromorphs), such as foreigners, and the clumsy herbivorous pareiasaurs, found by Prof. V.P. Amalitsky near the city of Kotlas on the Northern Dvina (Fig. 115, 116). Skeleton of Pareiasaurus ScutosaurusKarpinski
Slide 10
The Permian flora is characterized by a reduction in ferns, which dominated the Carboniferous, and the development of gymnosperms, among which conifers, ginkgos, cycads, etc. are widespread. At the end of the period, sigillaria and lepidodendrons completely disappear. Kazan stage of the Permian system of the lower Kama region (NP "Lower Kama"), petrified wood
Slide 11
The Permian period is a time of intense coal accumulation, especially on the Asian continent. Among the large coal basins, we can note the Kuznetsk, Taimyr, Pechora, Tunguska and others, where the bulk of coal is associated with rocks of Permian age. Fossil coals of Permian age account for 24.3% of the world's reserves.
Slide 12
Among the lagoon formations of Permian age, deposits of gypsum, anhydrite, rock and potassium salts are widely developed, large deposits of which are located in the European part of Russia (Solikamsk, Iletsk, Artemovsk, Ural-Emba region) and in Western Europe (Strasfurt in Germany, etc.). Slide 15
In addition, many Permian fossils were found in the Arkhangelsk region, especially near the Malaya Northern Dvina and Mezen rivers. Among the animals found there are such well-known ones as Scutosaurus, Inostracevia, the early cynodont Dvinia, as well as numerous amphibians and insects. Scutosaurus Skeleton Dicinodon Skull Dicinodon
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summary of other presentations"Stages of development of life on Earth"- What are the advantages of reptiles compared to amphibians. Mesozoic era. Catarchaean (4.5–3 billion years ago). Cenozoic era. Silurian. Quaternary period. Ice was gradually creeping in from the poles. Jurassic period. Cretaceous period. Mountain building, redistribution of land and sea. What aromorphoses contributed to the flourishing of mammals. What are the reasons for the extinction of dinosaurs. Animal world.
"Changing the Face of the Earth"- Cenozoic era (Cenozoic). Proterozoic era (Proterozoic). Inhabitants of the Proterozoic. Paleozoic era (Paleozoic). Archean era (Archaean). Inhabitants of the Mesozoic. Inhabitants of the Cenozoic. Geological events in the history of the Earth's development. Inhabitants of the Paleozoic. Conclusions. Mesozoic era (Mesozoic). Changing the appearance of the Earth and living organisms. Inhabitants of the Archean. Dictionary.
"Theory of the origin of life on Earth"- Paleogene. Cambrian. History of the Earth. Geologists. Devonian. Ordovician. Theories of the origin of life on Earth. On the sea coast. Cenozoic. Map of the Earth in the Cretaceous period. Neogene. Palaeozoic. Maps of the Earth. Eons. Silur. Radical change in flora. Anthropocene. Permian. Mesozoic era. Flora of the Triassic period. Carbon. Model of the young Universe. Jurassic period.
"Eras of the development of life on Earth"- Cenozoic era. Archean era. Development of life on Earth. Carboniferous period. Proterozoic era. Organic world. Mesozoic era. Cretaceous period. Ordovician period. Jurassic period. Devonian. Life. Silurian. Palaeozoic. Geochronological table. Permian period.
"The emergence of life on Earth"- Cenozoic (Paleogene and Neogene) (65-2 million years ago) Flora - dominance of flowering plants. Conquest of land by plants. Cenozoic (65 million - present). Mesozoic (Triassic period) (248 - 213 million years ago). Heraclitus of Ephesus. PSILOPHYTES were the pioneers of land, inhabiting shallow seas and fresh water bodies. Evolutionary tree of life. Paleozoic (Permian period) (286-248 million years ago).
"Stages of the Origin of Life"- Prokaryotes. When did flowering plants appear? The appearance of higher plants. When did the first living organisms arise? When did the first land plants appear? Life in the Mesozoic era. Exit of plants and invertebrates to land. Complete the names of the periods of the Paleozoic era. Period. Life in the Cenozoic era. Geochronological table. Development of invertebrates. Life in the Archean and Proterozoic eras. The appearance of flying insects.
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