Planting onions on a head in spring in open ground with sets and seeds. When to plant onion sets according to the lunar calendar. Preparing onions for planting
Onions are grown in two ways: from seeds called nigella, or from onion sets obtained from the same seeds, but a year earlier. The surest way to get large, usable bulbs is to plant onion sets in the spring.
Preparation of the bulbs begins a few days before planting in the garden. Planting material is brought into the room and sorted: large, medium and small-sized bulbs are sorted. During sorting, the dry neck of each bulb is cut off. Thanks to this operation, the green feathers will break through the skin earlier and the formation of a new head will begin. The neck should be cut a few millimeters above the roundness so as not to damage the succulent part of the plant.
The sorted onions are left indoors, and on the eve of planting they are heated for about 10 hours at a temperature of 400C. Bags of seeds can be placed close to the radiator or near the fireplace. After warming up, the onions are soaked for 20-30 minutes in a solution of copper sulfate, and then planted in the garden.
Tip: if you use seed purchased in the spring for planting, store it in the refrigerator, and 4 days before planting, start warming it at room temperature.
Where to plant onion sets
Heavy, acidic soils are not suitable for growing onions. A high yield can only be harvested on fertile sandy and loamy soils, which have good moisture holding capacity and breathability.
A prerequisite for a good harvest is frequent change of planting site, annually if possible. This is one way to avoid damage to the bulbs by pests and rot. It is also important to consider previous cultures. Experienced gardeners recommend planting onions after zucchini, cucumbers, peas and beans, as well as cabbage. It is not recommended to grow onions after carrots and cucumbers.
When to plant onion sets
There are no clear recommendations on when to plant onions. Planting time depends on weather conditions in the region where the crop is grown. Usually at the end of April or mid-May the ground warms up well and you can start planting. There is no point in planting onions in cold soil, since they will not germinate until the soil warms up. You should also not delay planting so that young shoots are not suppressed by hot weather.
Planting onion sets according to the lunar calendar 2017
Planting onion sets
The seedlings are planted in grooves made with a hoe or to a depth of 5 cm. For the timely formation of the root system, the bulbs must be in a moist layer of soil. If the planting is too shallow, the plant will not get enough moisture and nutrients, which will result in a delay in development. As a result, the harvest will be weak or there will be no harvest at all. If the planting is too deep, the germination of the sets and the formation of the head will be delayed, and the onion heads will turn out small.
In a row, the onions are spaced at a distance of 6 to 10 cm, depending on the size of the planting material, and the gap between the rows always remains the same, 20 cm.
Planting onion sets in spring video
Caring for onion beds
During the growing season, onion beds are regularly weeded. This should be done after each rain or watering so that the top layer is always loosened and air can freely penetrate to the roots. Mulching with humus or dry grass will help make caring for onion beds easier. Under a layer of mulch, moisture is better retained and weeds grow less, so plants do not need frequent watering and weeding.
Around mid-July, the crop completes growth and enters the ripening stage. At this time, the garden bed does not need to be watered, and at the end of July (in the northern regions at the beginning of August) it is time to harvest.
When and how to collect onions
The ripening of onions is indicated by dried and flattened feathers. Typically, mature plants are easily pulled out of the ground, and no lumps of soil remain on the roots. You should not delay harvesting, especially if rain is expected. In moist soil, the bulbs will begin to sprout again and lose their shelf life.
The collected onions are laid out in the shade of trees to dry for 2 days, after which they are folded into nets or boxes and brought into the storage room. It is not recommended to trim wilted greens until they are completely dry. You can store onions by hanging them in a cool room with good ventilation and moderate air humidity.
It's hard to imagine dinner without onions. It is used in soups, borscht, main courses, salads, pickles and marinades. For vegetables, fish, meat - raw, stewed, fried onions are indispensable for Russian cuisine. Summer residents have the opportunity to grow large, crispy, fragrant heads on their own in their own area.
Which onion is better to plant on the head - varieties
In order for the harvest to be significant, you need to decide on the cultivation technology and choose the variety that is ideal for planting in your conditions. Onions per head can be grown in three ways: sow seeds in the ground in early spring, plant sets (small onions grown last summer) or use seedlings. The choice of technology determines the planting time. The cultivation method also determines the varieties you should choose.
Onions are distinguished by varietal diversity. Some varieties will bear fruit well in annual crops, while others are unsuitable for this. In the southern regions of the country the following is grown from seeds in one year:
- Chalcedony;
- Strigunovsky;
- Lugansk;
- Golden;
- Globe;
- Lyubchik;
- Amphora;
- Aleko.
In two-year cultivation the following are cultivated:
- El Dorado;
- Stimulus;
- Ellan;
- Exhibition;
- Stuttgarter Riesen;
- Centurion;
- Timiryazevsky.
In one garden season, onions can be grown only in warm regions of the country or using seedlings and film covers. Last year's seeds are used for sowing. They are soaked and sown in the ground in early spring, as soon as the snow melts and the soil dries out. The seedlings are thinned out, leaving an interval of 3-5 cm between the young onion shoots. The closer the plants are to each other, the smaller the bulbs will be. If your region is not the Krasnodar Territory, it is better to use seedlings for cultivation.
How to plant onion sets in spring
Planting onions in the spring on a head begins after warm weather has stabilized. Plants caught in frost will not die, but they will inevitably die and the harvest will be spoiled. It's good to use your own supply of bulbs. If they are stored correctly, there will be no unpleasant surprises. If spring is early, you can plant the seedlings before the end of April. If not, it’s better to wait until the beginning or middle of May.
How to prepare a place
Large onion heads open ground grow when the place for the plants is chosen correctly:
- The bed should be as illuminated as possible. The shade of trees and tall plants greatly reduces the yield of this crop.
- In swampy and poorly drained areas, the bulbs grow watery, rot, and become unsuitable for winter storage.
- Carrots, legumes, and potatoes are considered good predecessors of onions.
When planting onions on the head in the spring, minimal tillage and surface loosening to a depth of ten centimeters is required. It’s good if the garden bed has been filled with humus or compost since the fall. There is no need to add fresh organic matter to the soil immediately before planting. It provokes the growth of green mass, but at the same time slows down the development of the head. During drought, growing onions will need to be watered.
Preparing the sets
Onion planting material is carefully selected and prepared. The bulbs should be clean, tight, free from stains and mold. Too small and too large plants are not suitable for growing heads. The ideal diameter of the set is from 14 to 20 mm. This type of onion does not bolt, withstands late spring frosts without loss, and grows quickly. With proper pre-sowing treatment, seedlings of this caliber do not get sick and produce a generous harvest.
It is necessary to process onions before planting for the purpose of disinfection. To do this, use table salt, copper sulfate or good old potassium permanganate. You need to soak the sets in a dark pink solution of manganese. The salt mixture is made at the rate of one tablespoon of sodium chloride or potassium permanganate per liter of water. Before soaking planting material It would be good to warm it up for five to seven days at a temperature of 40-50 degrees, placing it near a radiator or boiler.
Landing
When the temperature of the ground at the dacha rises to +12 degrees, you can begin work. Onions are planted on the head in spring in rows. The arrangement of the bulbs is usual: the rows are placed at a distance of 15-20 cm, plants in a row - from 5 cm. Shallow furrows are made in the treated soil, the seedlings are lightly pressed into them, and covered with earth. In a week, the garden bed will be decorated with green onions peeking out of the soil in even rows.
Proper care
Onions do not require complex care. All it needs is loose soil, sun and moisture. It is necessary to weed the bed on time, water it in the heat and loosen the soil after rain. Do seedlings planted on turnips need fertilizing? This issue must be approached thoughtfully, and fertilizer must be used carefully. If humus and compost have been added to the garden bed since the fall, that will be enough.
Remember how to feed the onion head if you consider it necessary. The herbal infusion has an excellent effect on plant growth. Application:
- Place all greens in a barrel. Add chicken manure, fresh mullein or a little yeast. Leave it in the sun for a week and strain.
- This product, diluted in a ratio of 1 to 10, is a good fertilizer for any vegetables.
- Use the miracle potion to water onions that have four green leaves (feathers).
- In the second half of summer, there is no need to feed the growing heads; this will negatively affect their storage.
How to harvest and store crops
3-4 weeks before the expected harvest date, watering is completely stopped. The heads must ripen, acquire the required number of scales, and dry out. Dig up plants after complete lodging of the tops. It is advisable to organize the collection when it is dry and hot outside. Well-dried onions can be preserved in winter with minimal losses. Bulbs different varieties stored separately. Rules:
- The heads are stored in wooden boxes, baskets, bags made of natural material. Do not use plastic bags or plastic containers for this.
- The ideal temperature to preserve what is grown until the new season is from 18 to 22 degrees.
- It is important to remember that the spicy varieties store better than the semi-sweet ones, and the traditional golden-colored heads store better than the red and white ones.
- From time to time, sort through the vegetables, discarding any suspicious bulbs.
Planting onions on the head in spring is successfully practiced by experienced gardeners. Personal and family secrets good harvests irreplaceable vegetable crop distributed in articles and videos. Find out whether you need to soak the onions before planting, how to plant the sets, and what to pay attention to when caring for the garden bed. A selection of stories that answer these and many other questions will help you grow an excellent harvest.
Preparing onions for planting
How to plant onion sets
Planting onions on turnips
Planting onion sets in spring - what is a set?
Planting sets or planting on a head is the same process, characterized by planting small bulbs obtained by planting seeds a year earlier. Experienced gardeners can grow a crop from seeds in one year, but this process requires a lot of time and effort, so the vast majority plant seedlings. Potatoes, peas and beans, cabbage are excellent precursors for onion beds, but they cannot be replanted in the same place even for two years I.
Even in one season, pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms are concentrated in the soil under the onion, which harm this particular plant. Pests also join the whole “bouquet” of diseases. Against this background, the depletion of the top layer of soil after the onion does not seem to be such a big problem. Therefore, plan your beds so that the onions change their place of “residence” every year and are planted away from the previous place, at least through one bed. Garlic and carrots will be undesirable predecessors for it; they cannot be planted in the places where cucumber seeds grew, so it is very important to carefully plan the garden.
When to plant onions in the spring - loose soil and warm sun!
Of course, there cannot be identical landing conditions for each region, but you can navigate by weather conditions. If frosts are no longer expected, spring turned out to be early and warm, you can plant onions as soon as the soil warms up a little. With more late spring planting occurs throughout April and even at the beginning of May; the same dates are also relevant for larger bulbs. The recommended planting depth is 7-10 cm, that is, it will be enough to take a glander and dig a furrow with its edge.
In this matter, it is important not to overdo it with waiting - if you are late with planting, the onion will begin to release a lot of feathers, while the root system will lag behind the upper part. After some time, the greens will, of course, wilt, but the bulbs will no longer be able to achieve greater growth. But you should not plant the bulbs too early, when there are frosts in the mornings, otherwise they may suffer from being in the ground for too long without growing. The first shoots can appear within a few days or a week, depending on the soil temperature.
Do I need to cook the bulbs - what are gardeners afraid of?
When planting onions on the head in the spring, gardeners are frightened by the possible sprouting of “arrows” - rough stems with a flower ovary. It’s okay when there are only a few of these flowers in the whole garden bed, but a large number of them can significantly reduce your harvest, because the ovary will take all the strength and the bulb will grow completely inconspicuous, but besides this, its core will be hard. Such an onion will not survive until spring - the core, as a rule, dries out and begins to rot, and the bulb rots along with it. Large onions grown from seeds are most prone to the appearance of shoots. Therefore, before planting, sort the future harvest by size.
You can correct the situation even before planting - experienced gardeners recommend dipping large specimens in water heated to 50 °C for one minute.
Then they should be kept in a warm, damp cloth for a day, and another two days in water at room temperature. It won’t hurt to keep the rest of the planting material near a heating radiator for three days, since even small bulbs can sprout without warming up. You can also soak the seedlings for 10 hours in a solution of complex fertilizers. If you want to decorate the table with homemade onions in the spring, you can cut off the tops of large onions.
nasotke.ru
Proper planting of onions on the head in spring is the key to an excellent harvest.
Features of culture
Onions, as you know, are a biennial crop. To complete its full growing season - from sowing seeds to obtaining new seed, the warm season of our climatic conditions is not enough. Therefore, the first phase of the growing season occurs in the first summer, when from the seeds sown in the spring it is only possible to grow small bulbs, the so-called sets. After the green part of the plant has withered, the bulbs are dug up, thoroughly dried and stored until the next season.
In the spring, the seedlings, after the winter dormant period, are ready to continue the natural process. Now the planted onion continues to grow, forming a full-fledged onion and expelling arrows, in which seeds are subsequently formed - nigella.
Of course, ripening the seeds takes a lot of energy out of the bulb and its quality deteriorates significantly. Therefore, gardeners strive to minimize the likelihood of forcing shoots with a crop planted to produce large and juicy heads. And to obtain seeds in the spring, a specially selected mother bulb with the best varietal characteristics is planted.
As for growing conditions, here too there are certain requirements and preferences, the observance and provision of which will have a positive effect on the quality and quantity of the crop.
Growing conditions
- Where does the landing take place?
Onions grow best in sunlit areas, with only slight shade allowed in the late afternoon. It’s good if potatoes or cucumbers grew in the place chosen for onion beds last year, and it is categorically undesirable to plant them after legumes (beans, peas, beans) and cruciferous crops (radish, cabbage, radishes). Sets are often used to organize mixed plantings, because the correct proximity allows not only to optimally place plants in a small area, but also greatly facilitates the care of the beds. For example, alternating rows with carrots enhances the protection of both crops, which repel the pests of the “neighbor” with their aroma. And planting with beets makes it possible to grow two crops in one bed - in the first half of the season, onions grow more intensively, and after they are harvested in mid-summer, all the free space in the bed remains for the successful formation of root crops. Plants receive mutual protection if planting is carried out between the rows of berry bushes - strawberries or garden strawberries.
- A few words about the type and composition of soil
Large onions can only be grown on light and fertile soils with good moisture and air permeability. The quality of heavy, clayey soil will be improved by adding coarse sand and dry, non-acidic peat. And in order to provide the soil with the necessary nutrients, micro- and macroelements, you need to add organic fertilizers in the fall - compost, humus, aged 2-3-year-old manure or mullein. When using bird droppings, be aware of its high concentration and apply only as a diluted infusion. Universal nitroammophoska or superphosphate and potassium salts applied in the spring, approximately 7-10 days before the set is planned to be planted, are suitable as mineral fertilizers.
Now, knowing the characteristics of the growing season and optimal crop conditions, let’s figure out how to plant, what to grow an excellent harvest and what are the advantages of this or that method.
Growing sets
Most gardeners prefer to plant seedlings. This allows you to get a full-fledged onion harvest in the second half of the current season. But how large and healthy they will be, and how long the harvest will last, first of all depends on how correct the planting was.
To determine when to plant onions, you need to remember the required soil temperature - about 12-14 degrees, and the humidity level. Too cold soil will cause shoots to shoot out, and this is extremely undesirable for the expected harvest. But you can’t miss the deadline, because in the spring the sun quickly dries out the soil and small bulbs may not have enough moisture for successful rooting. The easiest way in this matter is to trust nature: when the bird cherry blossoms, then it’s time to plant.
In the spring, preparatory preparation of sowing is carried out in several stages:
- The seed material is heated to 35-40 degrees, which not only kills most infections, but also inhibits bolting. To do this, the sets are soaked for half an hour in hot water with the addition of potassium permanganate.
- To grow a healthy crop, phytosporin (according to the instructions) or a solution of copper sulfate (1 tsp per bucket of water) is added to the water to prevent fungal diseases. The bulbs are kept for 15 minutes, after which they must be washed.
- To protect against a malicious pest - the onion fly, the sets are soaked for about 2 hours in a saturated salt solution (1 kg of salt per 5 liters of water). In such “salted” bulbs, even the deposited pest larvae will invariably die.
- If the roots of the seedlings are too dry and sparse for you, then you can stimulate their development and saturate the seed with moisture and nutrients. To do this, the bulbs are soaked in water at room temperature for 6-8 hours, after which young white roots appear on them. You can also add complex fertilizers and a root formation stimulator to the water.
The prepared seedlings are dried a little and planting begins.
Advice! if the optimal time for planting in the spring was missed and the soil in the garden bed is dry, you can try to correct the situation by generously pouring water into the grooves before planting, and then mulch the soil to reduce the intensity of evaporation.
Regardless of how you plan to grow onions - in separate beds, long rows or mixed plantings, you need to plant them so that 4-6 cm should be left between small bulbs, and 7-9 cm between larger sets. At the same time, at least 10-12 cm should remain from row to row, and it does not matter whether it is only onion planting or alternating different crops. Plant the seedlings to a depth of no more than 2-3cm, so that rooting is complete and the shoots emerge smoothly.
grounde.ru
Preparing onions for planting on the head. Preparing onion sets before planting. Preparing the soil for planting onions in spring
Every housewife knows that there should always be onions in the house. This product is added to almost any dish; it can bring great benefits to our body. Anyone who has a summer cottage must plant it at home. But not every novice gardener knows how to ensure that the harvest ends up being abundant.
Preparing the bed
The most important thing for a good harvest is preparing the soil for planting onions. A sunny and open place is chosen for sowing. Loamy soils, which are pre-filled with mineral and organic fertilizers, are very suitable for onions. Most often it is planted on land where beans, tomatoes, cucumbers, peas or cabbage previously grew. The beds are not made very high, up to 15 cm, and the width is maintained no more than 100 cm. They dig up the substrate for each square. m add 4 kg of manure humus or compost and 3 kg of peat. Then everything is loosened again to a shallow depth, all components are mixed well with the layer of earth. Carefully level the soil and compact it slightly, then water it with a solution of copper sulfate and cover it with film for several days before planting.
Preparing the sets
Preparing onions for planting is, although not particularly difficult, painstaking work. To do this you need:
Carefully sort through the heads and remove all soft, dried out and spoiled ones.
- Seeds that have not yet developed green sprouts need to be cut off. To do this, use scissors to remove the top dry part, thanks to this you can speed up germination.
- Dry a little and place the heads in a warm and dry place.
- They must be thoroughly heated at a temperature of +20-25 degrees.
- Immediately before planting, the onions are soaked for 3 hours in a special composition, which is prepared at the rate of 1 tsp. salt per 1 liter of water.
- In order to prevent the occurrence of diseases, it is necessary to carry out disinfection. The most reliable remedy is a saturated solution of potassium permanganate. Two hours of soaking will be enough to kill all germs.
- The seeds are dried a little, and the preparation of the onion sets for planting is completely completed.
Spring planting
Sowing begins around the beginning of May, when the soil is already well warmed up. The smallest seeds are immersed in the ground first. They should be less than 1 cm and will not form arrows. Two weeks later, when the preparation of the soil for planting onions in the spring is completed, the main sowing begins. If you send very large seeds into the ground, they will shoot out arrows very quickly, which will significantly reduce the final harvest. Before starting work, it is necessary to treat the heads with a growth stimulator - strictly according to the instructions.
Autumn planting
In the fall, they plant the smallest sets, the diameter of which is less than 1 cm. First of all, this is done because such bulbs very rarely survive until spring. The work is carried out 2 weeks before the start of the first frost. These seeds will be well preserved in the ground, will not sprout, and in the spring they will yield a good harvest, as they will go through a long growing season. Preparing onions before planting follows the same pattern as in spring.
Proper care
The main requirements for caring for seedlings are watering, timely control of pests, weeds and diseases. From May to June, plants need to be watered once a week, and for hot weather, the number of approaches should be doubled. There are 5-10 liters of water per 1 m2. In July, the supply must be reduced as the bulbs begin to ripen.
Watering at this time should be careful so as not to damage the fruits. Even if the soil preparation for planting onions in the spring is done correctly, in a short period of time the soil can become compacted, then it must be loosened in wide rows, literally a few centimeters. Before this procedure, it is recommended to water the soil abundantly.
Which variety is better
The choice primarily depends on the purpose that the fruit should bear. For example, if you grow onions for greens, then take the advice of trusted plant growers and buy chives and shallots, or batun and slug, which are preferred by most gardeners. And the best option in deciding what type to buy for the head would be to purchase the “Timiryazevsky”, “Oporto” or “Stuttgarter Riesen” varieties. If the preparation of onion sets for planting was done correctly, then all of the listed heads will have excellent taste and attractive appearance. appearance with good sizes. As practice shows, if everything is done correctly, then from one hundred square meters you can get a harvest that reaches 400 kg. Moreover, 9 out of 10 bulbs will have an excellent presentation and maximum shelf life.
Watering
If the preparation of onion sets before planting was carried out according to all the rules, the plant took root well and began to grow, then during the growing season it needs to be watered 5-7 times. First, you need to actively add liquid, and after the root crop is formed, all actions are reduced. You should not add too much water, as the bulb may become wet and the harvest will be lost. After the arrows appear, they must be broken off so that all the juices go directly to the bulb, and it has time to form before harvesting. At this time, watering should be reduced. If the bulb does not have time to come out before the end of the growing season, then it will need to be dug up a little and carefully watered, this will improve ripening.
Fertilizer
Even if onions are very well prepared for planting, they still require fertilizer. All organic minerals must be added to the soil in the fall at the rate of 5 kg of rotted manure or compost and 1 kg of ash per 1 m2.
You can also use complex fertilizers, which are applied at the rate of 100 grams per 1 m2. In spring, it is necessary to replenish it with additives suitable for this season in the same calculation. It is not recommended to add all mineral composts deep into the soil, otherwise there is a risk of burning young roots, and almost all useful components will go into the lower layers.
Cleaning and storage
The preparation of the onions for planting was done correctly, a wonderful harvest grew, and it was time to harvest. The main signs of ripening are yellowing and lodging of the leaves. It is customary to dig up the crop from July 10 to August 10, depending on the speed of development of the vegetable. Even if not all the leaves have turned yellow, at this time the onion must be pulled out of the soil and laid out in a thin layer for 12-15 days for drying and ripening. Both preparing onions for planting and storing them require certain skills and knowledge. The crop is dried in the sun, then the dried leaves are removed from it and the heads are further dried for several days at a temperature of +30-35 degrees. This can be done near heating devices or a Russian stove. Such a high-quality procedure will help protect the heads from diseases of neck rot and downy mildew.
After all the operations performed, the seedlings must be sorted. It is better to set aside small bulbs up to 1.5 cm in size and plant them before winter, in early October. A large harvest is collected in 10-15 kg and filled into boxes or canvas bags. Then they are placed in plastic bags, tied well and stored in a dark place at a temperature of +17-18 degrees.
Once a month it is necessary to monitor the harvest in order to promptly throw out rotten and withered heads. If you store the seed at a temperature above or below the specified temperature, then when planting it will go into the arrow.
Prevention and treatment of diseases
Preparing onion sets before planting cannot always protect them from various diseases. He is susceptible to a huge number of ailments. The most common of them are mosaic, onion smut, gray neck rot, bottom rot, and downy mildew. You need to know that if a vegetable has been affected by a disease, then it is not at all suitable for storage.
There are certain measures that prevent the occurrence of diseases. In particular, this is an annual fruit change and compliance with crop rotation. Preparing onions for planting on the head should begin with the thorough destruction of all remnants of other vegetables in the soil, disinfection of seeds and maintaining spatial isolation between sowing vegetables of the first and second year. It is possible to plant a vegetable in its previous location only after three to four years. It is very important to keep food and planting material clean. It is imperative to disinfect the storage and carry out preventive spraying.
It is not advisable to sow near large floodplains, swamps and reservoirs. In order to reduce the risk of various diseases of onions, it is necessary to carry out deep autumn plowing with a plow, as well as fertilizing with the optimal amount of fertilizers. In this case, it is better to avoid large amounts of nitrogen.
Phosphorus-potassium supplements significantly increase disease resistance. They also perfectly help prevent the occurrence of periporosis and neck rot. In addition, with the help of such components you can speed up ripening and protect the vegetable from dangerous pests.
Preparing onions for planting on the head involves inspecting all seeds for damage; only healthy ones are suitable for the ground. Before starting work, it must warm up. Such measures can protect and protect the heads from rot. As a result, the amount of waste during storage can be reduced. This method can help to notice damaged and infected bulbs in time and remove them. Warming up can also protect against the appearance of downy mildew.
How to Grow Shallots
It is very easy to grow such a beautiful plant on your site if you have well-fertilized soil. It is planted in order to obtain juicy and healthy greens, this is the so-called family onion. Preparations for planting should begin in the fall, although it is not very harmful, but requires some measures. To do this, mineral and organic fertilizers are introduced into the ground during digging. This requirement is considered basic in order to ultimately obtain a wonderful harvest. The bulbs to be harvested are carefully sorted and any damaged or rotten material is discarded.
Preparing onions for planting should occur in early spring, when they are planted in the ground, as the threat of frost has passed. Before starting work, the material is soaked for a couple of hours in warm water or in a light solution of potassium permanganate. The heads are laid in the ground in rows according to a 15x25 cm pattern. The depth of lowering of the bulbs is 4-5 cm. Legumes are considered the best predecessor crops. The plant prefers moderate irrigation and is not particularly demanding of moisture. The basis of care is to remove weeds, weeding and rare watering.
fb.ru
How to plant onions?
I have repeatedly heard questions about how to plant onions to the beds. It would seem like a simple matter - take it and plant it, but, unfortunately, a good harvest can only be obtained by using the correct technologies for planting and caring for vegetables.
In one of my articles, we talked about planting onions with seeds, therefore, in this article, we will talk about a more common way of planting onions - with bulbs. This means that large heads are already classified as a two-year crop.
Such method of planting onions assumes that last year you prepared onion sets, which, during the onion sowing season, you will stick into the ground in the garden bed and begin to grow large onions. Well, now in more detail about how to plant onion sets.
If you need to grow large onion heads in 1 year, then you need to save from last year or buy healthy onion sets in early spring. These are small onions that look like an egg or a huge grain of rice.
Conditions for growing onions
Onions cope well with spring colds and withstand frosts. Seedlings up to -1 degrees Celsius, and adult plants - up to -5.
The optimal temperature for onion growth is considered to be +12 - +26 °C. On average, for most onion varieties the growing season is 90-180 days.
Where to plant onions?
For onion planting choose a place, taking into account the fact that he loves the sun's rays. Under no circumstances should you plant in shade or low areas. Making narrow ridges for onions to make it more convenient to process the area. Onions grow best on fertile, breathable, moderately moist, non-acidic loams.
After what can you plant onions?
Also when planting onions you need to follow the rules of crop rotation. We return it to its old place only after 3 years. It is recommended to plant in those places where rhodium, potatoes, early cabbage, cucumbers and tomatoes grew last year. The best neighbor for onions in beds will be carrots, since they mutually protect each other from pests.
How to prepare the soil for onions?
You should not plant onions in those places in the garden where 1 year before, unrotted manure was applied. The soil needs to be dug up in the fall to the depth of a spade, all weeds removed and fertilized. In the spring, just before sowing onions, when the snow has completely melted, the soil is loosened with a rake or dug up half a bayonet in order to leave the structure of the lower layers intact and retain the necessary moisture for development.
What fertilizers should I use for onions?
Organic fertilizers should be applied to the soil in the fall at the rate of 5 kg of compost or rotted manure and 1 kg of ash per 1 m2. You can also apply complex mineral fertilizer up to 100 grams per 1 m2.
In the spring, make replenishment suitable for the season min. fertilizer also up to 100 grams per 1 m2. Mineral fertilizers should not be embedded deep into the soil, otherwise you will burn the young roots, and most useful substances it will simply go to the lower layers.
When to plant onions?
There are spring and autumn plantings of onions. At what time it is better to plant onions is up to you, but the best option would be if you use two options at once. Because of this, the chances of harvest will increase several times.
Spring planting of onions
This is approximately the beginning of May, when the soil layer is already quite warm. First of all, the smallest bulbs, less than 1 centimeter in size, which do not form shoots, are planted. After 1-2 weeks, the main set is planted, 1-2 cm - small-cavity varieties, 2-3 cm - medium- and multi-cavity varieties.
If you plant a large seed too early, it will quickly shoot out its shoots, which will sharply reduce your yield. I advise you to treat the seedlings with a growth stimulant according to the instructions. You can simply soak the sets in a strong solution of potassium permanganate, and then lightly dry them.
Autumn planting of onions
In autumn I plant the smallest sets (bulb diameter less than 1 cm). It is better to do this mainly for the reason that these onions rarely “survive” until spring in the warmth. Simply, the onion will dry out and will not have enough strength and nutrients to start growing.
Onion sets are planted 2 weeks before the onset of the first frost. It will remain in the ground and will not freeze, will not bolt, and will produce a good harvest due to the long growing season.
Here are basically all the basic tips on how to how to plant onions and in what soil. We wish you a good harvest and carefully read our tips for caring for your onion beds.
© 2009-2016 Everything in the garden - a useful project for gardeners and summer residents. Copying materials is prohibited. Partial quotation is permitted, with a direct active link to the copied material from our project.
vse-v-ogorod.ru
How to properly plant onions on turnips in spring
IN modern world Buying vegetables and fruits is not a problem. To do this, just go to the nearest supermarket or, even better, to the bazaar, where large, juicy and bright vegetables will flaunt in front of you: tomatoes, potatoes, cucumbers, onions and much more. But you still can’t argue with the fact that vegetables grown in your own garden will always be better than store-bought ones. How to properly plant onions on turnips in the spring will be discussed in detail in this article.
In order to grow environmentally friendly onions, you need to adhere to some rules and advice from experienced gardeners, obtained through trial and error.
Choosing onions for planting
There are a large number of different methods for growing onions. You can purchase high-quality seeds from a trusted manufacturer and grow onions in one season. This is a troublesome and painstaking task, but still quite real. The only thing I would like to note is the small size of the onions grown from seeds in relation to the method of growing onions from sets.
So, in order to get a supply of onions in the amount of 5-6 buckets for the winter, you need to go to a specialized store and purchase 1 kilogram of small sets with a diameter of about 1 cm. Small onions must be chosen so that the onions grown from them do not bolt subsequently, regardless of the storage method.
Choosing a landing site
When choosing a place for an onion bed, ideally, beets, potatoes or cucumbers have previously grown in this place. Well lit, prefers loamy soils rich in organic matter. Acidic soils need to be limed. Seeds that have been stored in a cool place before planting need to be warmed up for a couple of days near the radiator. The unheated seedlings will go to the shooter.
After harvesting, it would be nice to plant young strawberries in place of the onions. There is one secret to protect the harvest. It is better to plant carrots in the immediate vicinity of the onion, because its smell will drive away the onion fly, and the onion, in turn, saves the carrots from the carrot fly.
Onions are planted from approximately May 5 to May 10, when the ground warms up to at least 12 degrees. Late plantings are not advisable because high temperatures and lack of moisture will lead to slow growth of the bulbs. The beds are standard, a meter wide, bury the onions to a depth of 2-3 cm, no more, with a distance of 15 cm between rows, and 10 cm between the onions in the bed. After planting, it would be a good idea to sprinkle the beds with peat mulch, which will serve as top dressing for onions at the initial stage.
Onion care
During the growing season, it is necessary to regularly water the onions 3 times a week until the end of June. In July, the bulbs begin to ripen and watering is reduced slightly. It is advisable not to forget about weeding and loosening.
For pest control use: copper sulfate 1 teaspoon + 1 table. spoon of liquid household soap in a bucket of water, treated by spraying. If onion flies have been noticed around your beds, you can water the onions with salt water. After the onion grows to 20 cm, experts feed it with a solution of chicken manure. Behind summer period The onion grows quite large, about 10 cm in diameter.
Onion collection and storage
Onions must be harvested in August, the most optimal period is no later than the first ten days of September. You cannot postpone harvesting until a later time, as the onion will resume growth and become unsuitable for long-term storage. After harvesting, it is recommended not to cut off the tops of the onion, but to send it directly with it for drying. For such purposes, an attic is traditionally suitable, where all the onions must be laid in one layer so that they do not touch each other and do not rot. Drying will take approximately 2-3 weeks.
After the tops have completely dried, they can be cut off and leave only small tails of an average of 4 cm. The resulting harvest must be placed in a box or box with holes for ventilation. Already in this “packaging” you can send the turnip onions to a warm and dry pantry. It should be understood that onions can be stored even in a cellar; they will not lose their qualities.
This way you will get a good harvest, but there is no need to talk about the benefits of onions, especially since a good bunch of onions will never spoil either a barbecue in nature or soup at home. The main thing is to follow all the instructions, and then you will always have your own grown onions in your basement for the winter.
veselyi-yrozhainik.ru
Onion sets, their cultivation and care, and how to plant onion sets in the spring? After all, a lot is known about the benefits of onions. And growing a turnip from an onion set or getting a green arrow rich in vitamins is the desire of more than one owner of a plot of land, be it a dacha or a personal plot. True, to grow onions, old, large onions are quite suitable. But in order to grow a turnip, that is, the bulb itself, you need to have planting material, which is called onion sets.
Planting onion sets in open ground
Onion sets can be planted
- in spring,
And you can plant
- as a winter crop.
At the same time, green onion sets planted in the spring can begin to be eaten within three to four weeks. The germination of winter onions should be expected after about a month and a half.
When to plant onion sets lunar calendar
2016 in open ground in spring
Planting onion sets begins almost immediately after the end of the cold weather. As soon as the thermometer needle begins to rise above +15 degrees and the ground dries out after the spring meltwater, you can plant the seedlings. By folk signs You can start planting onions immediately after the leaves on the bird cherry tree begin to unfurl. So it turns out that onions can be planted at the end of April and beginning of May. If we want to plant onions on turnips, then it is best to plant them after the full moon. Then the roots develop and strengthen more actively. Therefore, if it has already become warm enough in April, then Onions can be planted on April 23 and 30. In May, favorable days according to the lunar calendar for Onions will be planted on May 4 and from May 9 to 11.
Planting winter onion sets
Onions are a fairly frost-resistant plant and can be planted on winter crops without much fear. It's about about winter onion varieties. In soil not covered with snow, such onions can easily tolerate temperatures of minus 15 degrees. Well, if it is covered with snow, then lower temperatures are not scary for it. It is not difficult to determine the timing of planting onions before winter based on the weather. Suitable conditions would be an average daily temperature of about +5 degrees. The ground temperature will be approximately +4 +3 degrees. This is typical in the second half of October, early November. According to the lunar calendar it will be October 19 – 21 or November 16-19.
So we have decided when it is better for us to plant onion sets. We will look at how to plant onions and how to care for them in the following publications.
Dates for planting onions in the fall.
It has long been known that onions can be planted in both spring and autumn, but for some reason planting onions in winter was not widespread until recently. Planting onions for the winter in cold regions - in Siberia, the Urals, and even in the Moscow region - was especially wary, but today there are many varieties of winter onions that winter well in the ground, but give an early harvest the next year. How to plant onions in the fall, when to plant winter onions, how to protect them from winter frosts - we will answer all these questions in this article.
If you believe the lunar calendar, then the most favorable days for planting onions in the fall of 2016 are September 19, 23, 24, 25 and 30, as well as October 9, 27, 30. Those who did not make it on these dates still have November 17, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 left.
The best time to plant onions in areas with not very cold winters is from late October to early November - 30-35 days before the onset of persistent cold weather. Keep an eye on the outside thermometer: if the temperature drops to 5 ºC and lasts for several days, then it’s time to plant onions.
When is it better not to plant onions?
In general, you should be guided by the weather: the onion should have time to grow roots before the onset of cold weather, but sprouts should not be allowed to appear. If you plant an onion ahead of time, it will bolt and die from frost; if planted late, there is a risk that the roots will not have time to develop and the seedling will freeze in the ground. Some gardeners believe that planting onions in the ground at the end of November is the best solution, but in this case the result depends only on luck.
Planting winter onions
After what crop should onions be planted?
Often, not knowing how to plant onions, gardeners make mistakes that lead to low yields. All grains except oats, corn, beets, mustard, rapeseed, phacelia, peas, beans, tomatoes, lettuce, cucumbers and any cabbage are considered good predecessors for onions. To avoid nematode infection on onions, do not plant them after beans, potatoes, parsley, celery, alfalfa and red clover. You can grow winter onions as a second harvest after harvesting rapeseed, winter barley, beans, peas, radishes, carrots and table beets, if you managed to harvest the first harvest before the third decade of July. The question is often asked whether it is possible to plant onions after onions. Onions can be grown in one place for no more than two years; the next time onions in this area, as well as in the area where garlic grew, can be planted no earlier than four years later.
Onions before planting - preparation.
Onion planting material is divided into oatmeal (onions with a diameter of less than 1 cm), sets (onion diameter from 1 to 3 cm) or onion selection - onions larger than 3 cm. If you are planting onions for greens, it is better to use a selection, since large onions are more common goes to the arrow, and small sets are planted to produce turnip bulbs. Therefore, sort the seed before planting in the ground, separating small sets from larger samples; do not cut off the necks of the bulbs. Professionals recommend sets and wild oats specifically for winter planting, since they can dry out during winter storage indoors, and if they are planted in the ground, they will produce large bulbs next year.
Soil for onions.
One of the components of successful cultivation of winter onions is the correct choice of site. Where to plant onions to create optimal conditions for its growth and development? The soil for onions should be light - well-drained humus-sandy soils or humus loam on a southern or southwestern slope, protected from the wind by tall plants, are most suitable. Onions have a weak root system, so they need fertile soil. The most wonderful onions grow on silt deposits in warm river valleys. Before planting, the soil must be dug up in advance with humus (5-6 kg per m²) and mineral fertilizers at the rate of 10-15 g of potassium salt and 20-25 g of superphosphate per m². Instead of mineral fertilizers, you can apply ecophosphate at the same rate. Before planting, it is advisable to scatter ash over the area at a rate of 10 g per m².
Planting onion sets before winter.
How to plant onions correctly? Level and compact the surface of the area, make grooves in the soil about 5 cm deep at a distance of about 15-20 cm from each other. Place dry small seedlings along the grooves every 5-7 cm, cover with dry soil and tamp it down lightly. There is no need to water winter onions after planting - you can moisten the area after ten days if there is no rain. When frosts come, mulch the area with winter onions with dry leaves, spruce branches, pine needles, and press the cover with branches on top so that it does not get blown away by the wind. If a cold and snowless winter is expected, you can cover the area with mulch on top of it with film. In snowy winters you won't need film.
Planting onions, which are grown exclusively for their greens, is no different from planting onions, but before planting, the necks of shallots are cut off and then the bulbs are kept for 24 hours in water at a temperature of about 30 ºC.
Caring for onions after planting in the fall.
Planting and caring for onions in open ground is simple and easy. As soon as the soil begins to warm up in the spring, remove the film from the winter onions, and after a week, remove the mulch, sprinkle the area with ash at the rate of 10 g per m², and loosen the soil. If you remove the cover too late, the onions may get wet under the film, and the mulch will delay the passage of sprouts through the soil. It is advisable to loosen the soil after each rain or watering, while simultaneously freeing the area from weeds. The formation of four leaves at the seedlings indicates that the bulb has begun to form, which means that it is time to apply a second feeding, but before that, thin out the onion if it is growing too densely. The plucked plants can be eaten. As a second feeding, 15-20 g of superphosphate and 10-15 g of superphosphate are added per 1 m² of planting. potash fertilizer, and it is better to first dissolve the superphosphate granules and ash in a solution of fermented herbs. Instead of mineral fertilizers, you can add liquid chicken manure. If the spring is wet, the onions are watered infrequently, but if it is hot and dry, you will have to water them twice a week. To prevent your harvest from being destroyed by the onion fly, plant marigolds or calendula around the perimeter of the onion plot - this is guaranteed to save you from trouble. Winter onions ripen about a month earlier than those planted in the spring.
Features of planting winter onions
Planting onions in the Moscow region is almost no different from cultivating them in Ukraine or other warm regions. The only problem can be a too cold winter, but if the temperature does not drop below -15 ºC, and you cover the onions for the winter, then they will not be in danger of freezing. If the frosts are stronger, but there is a lot of snow, then we can only hope that in this case everything will go well.
Planting onions before winter in the Urals.
Planting and caring for winter onions in the Urals is somewhat different from growing this crop in areas with a temperate climate. For example, planting dates shift closer to the beginning of autumn - from late September to mid-October. Shelter for the winter in the Urals is mandatory; in addition, not every variety can be planted before winter in the Ural climate, but only those that have high winter hardiness.
Planting onions before winter in Siberia.
Unfortunately, severe Siberian frosts do not allow us to speak with confidence about the possibility of cultivating winter onions in this region. If you guess the timing of planting, the variety and the winter weather, it is quite possible that your efforts will be crowned with success. But if you are unlucky, you can always sow onions in the spring.
Winter onion varieties
We offer you an introduction to some varieties of winter onions, from which you can choose those that are suitable for growing in your area.
- - Ruby is a variety of Donetsk selection. Early ripening onions with a growing season of 72-85 days with good keeping quality and a yield of 3 kg/m². A round bulb weighing 50-80 g, light purple in color with a silvery tint.
- - Siberian annual - an early ripening variety with a growing season of 60-70 days, strong foliage, semi-sharp taste, round-flat yellow bulb. A variety with good keeping quality and resistant to bolting. Productivity 4 kg/m².
- - Robin - has the richest red color of all red onions. This hybrid has a powerful root system, tolerates drought well, and is productive. Its bulb is in the shape of an amphora. The variety was developed for cultivation in the southern regions.
- - Muzona is a mid-early variety that ripens from sets in 90-110 days. The bulbs are dense, round, white, weighing 100-120 g. Onions of this variety are stored for two months. Cold-resistant.
- - Lugansky is a late-ripening variety with a sharp taste and good keeping quality. The bulb is round - flat or oval, the integumentary scales are yellow or yellow-brown, the weight of the bulb is 70-145 g.
- - Buran is a variety of Ukrainian selection for universal use with a round dense bulb of intense yellow color weighing up to 100 g. Keeping quality is good, the yield is stable, but is affected by downy mildew.
- - Tamara F1 is a mid-early hybrid with dense bulbs with yellow-brown scales and a semi-sharp taste. It can be stored for a long time, is resistant to fusarium and pink rot, and is highly productive.
- - Black Prince is a mid-season variety of Russian selection with high shelf life with a semi-sharp taste and dense round bulbs of a dark purple color.
- - Stuttgarten Riesen - a German variety with flat and flat-round bulbs of golden brown color, pungent taste. Keeping quality is good, but is affected by neck rot and powdery mildew.
- - Panther F1 - a variety of Japanese selection with a bronze-brown round bulb and a thin neck. The variety is resistant to bolting and cold-resistant - can withstand -28 ºC.
- Drying organic liquids Wine spirit and its relatives
- Laboratory work: Production of methane and experiments with it Calcium carbide was used to dehydrate ethanol
- Model of error in the form of a random elementary function Mathematical model of measurement results of measurement error
- Questions for subject and object Basic geometric shapes