Do they need to be vaccinated? Important information about what vaccinations your dog gets
Hello dear readers. Recently, the question of whether children should be vaccinated has become a very pressing issue. Parents are afraid of the possible consequences of vaccinations. In this article we will talk about what vaccines are in general, we will figure out whether they need to be done and what the consequences may be.
The principle of vaccination
In order for parents to understand the need to vaccinate their children, they need to understand what vaccination actually is. Killed or weakened antigens are introduced into the body, to which immune cells react, and active production of antibodies against this pathogen occurs. After antibodies have been developed, they remain in the body for some time. Their presence determines the protection of the child from a possible disease against which this vaccination was given. You should not think that during the administration of the vaccine, the child may get sick, since these microorganisms are weakened or completely killed. You must understand that if pathological microorganisms enter the body, the defense system immediately begins to actively act, thereby preventing the development of the disease.
Types of Vaccines
There are four vaccine options:
Pros and cons of vaccination
Of course, today you can meet many people who support vaccinating children, but there are also those who are categorically against it.
Arguments in support:
Arguments against vaccination:
However, it is worth considering that even in this case, the course of the disease is much easier and, as a rule, there are no complications.
- A breastfed baby receives immune protection through mother's milk.
However, it is worth understanding that after three months of age, the concentration of mother’s antibodies introduced into the body decreases significantly, and the baby becomes vulnerable to attack by microorganisms.
However, you need to understand that in the event of the development of diseases, consequences and death are also possible. And in the case of vaccinations, the occurrence of complications or side effects is more rare than the rule.
Routes of administration
The vaccine can be administered in five ways:
Precautionary measures
In order for vaccination to be as painless and without side effects as possible, the following rules must be followed:
Up to 12 months, the child will have to undergo a number of vaccinations: against hepatitis B, DTP, BCG, Haemophilus influenzae, polio and CCP.
If you refuse vaccinations, you need to remember that some of them are required upon admission to kindergarten or school.
Having an infant in your arms after vaccination, it is better not to rush to leave the hospital. Stay there for at least half an hour and see how the baby feels. Unfortunately, there are frequent cases of side effects, even minor ones. Therefore, it is better to be close to medical personnel so that the baby can receive timely assistance.
Contraindications
The entire list of contraindications is divided into several types:
- True. They are indicated in the instructions for vaccines. Depending on the different vaccinations, such contraindications may be:
- serious reactions to previous vaccinations;
- when administering live vaccines: malignant neoplasms or primary immunodeficiency;
- with BCG: intrauterine infection, body weight less than two kg, hemolytic disease (during the neonatal period), neurological disorders, systemic skin pathologies, immunodeficiency;
- with DTP: neurological diseases that progress, the presence of seizures;
- with CCP: anaphylactic shock to albumin; serious allergic reaction to aminoglycosides;
- with the hepatitis B vaccine: allergy to baker's yeast, the presence of hyperbilirubinemia during the neonatal period.
Adverse reactions
The manifestation of negative reactions is a physiological, normal response of the body to the penetration of foreign agents. This is good, because this is evidence that the baby’s body’s immunity is actively starting its work. However, you should not think that if no reaction follows, then the body is inactive. These are just the individual characteristics of the child.
If serious adverse reactions occur, for example, hyperthermia above 39 degrees, you should urgently seek help from a doctor.
There are often cases when parents mistake the occurrence of some pathological process in the body for side effects. This, in fact, may be a coincidence.
Local side effects include:
- Redness.
- Edema.
- Seal.
- Soreness.
Such reactions are caused by the administration of the drug itself or by the inflammatory response to the insertion of a needle through the skin. Some vaccines contain components that provoke a local reaction. This is necessary to increase the number of arriving immune cells by increasing blood flow, and accordingly strengthen the immune system faster.
Common side effects include:
- Restless behavior, moodiness, crying.
- Temperature increase.
- Dizziness, headache.
- Rash.
- Deterioration of sleep, appetite.
- Coldness of the extremities.
The most common symptoms are hyperthermia and rash. As a rule, the second occurs after taking antiviral vaccines, in particular against rubella. Hyperthermia is often a response of the child's body. When an antigen comes into contact with immune cells, the release of pyrogens into the blood increases, which affect the increase in temperature indicators.
Possible complications
It is necessary to understand that such reactions are possible only in very rare cases, but it is worth knowing about them in order to be able to react in time.
- Serious allergic reaction. For example, anaphylactic shock can occur within just a few hours. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the condition of the baby, and at the first symptoms of an allergy, seek medical help.
- Convulsive seizures and damage to the nervous system: neuritis, meningitis, polyneuritis and encephalitis. In most cases, they arise as complications from the DTP vaccine, as a rule, if there is already a diagnosis of abnormalities in the functioning of the nervous system.
- Vaccine-associated polio.
- Generalized infection after BCG. Manifests itself in the form of osteomyelitis and osteitis.
Of course, no one is immune from the fact that complications or certain consequences will arise after the introduction of a vaccine, but it is necessary to understand that refusing vaccinations poses a risk of contracting very serious diseases and can lead to much more serious consequences and even death. Therefore, you should take this issue seriously when making your decision.
Recording of the “Baby Boom” program on radio “Echo of Moscow”:
Today we are talking about vaccinations. Is it necessary to do them? What is more dangerous? We are talking about vaccinations for infants, for small children under 1 year of age. As a rule, the first vaccinations are given in the maternity hospital. It is strongly recommended to do it on the first day, then on the 3rd, 7th, and so on until the age of 14. We are talking specifically about these childhood vaccinations. Today we will not touch on seasonal, influenza, etc. Let's talk about those that are given to babies. Is it necessary to do them?
Based on materials from the “Baby Boom” program of the radio station “Echo of Moscow”.
E. GEVORGYAN: 22 hours and 11 minus in the capital. Stakhanovites and Stakhanovites of the baby boom movement Natalia Chopin...
N. CHOPIN: She is on maternity leave.
E. GEVORKYAN: ... I’m at the microphone, Evelin Gevorkyan. Today we are talking about vaccinations. Is it necessary to do them? What is more dangerous - getting vaccinated or not getting it? CHOPIN: We are talking about vaccinations for infants, for small children under 1 year of age. As a rule, the first vaccinations are given in the maternity hospital.
E. GEVORKYAN: It is strongly recommended to do it on the first day, then at 3, 7, well, and so on until 14 years old. We are talking specifically about these childhood vaccinations. Today we will not touch on seasonal, influenza, etc. Let's talk about those that are given to babies. Is it necessary to do them? And right off the bat we move on to our traditional column “Let’s Listen to Our Diaries.”
N. CHOPIN: Well, in the meantime, let's still announce our phone number where you can send your SMS messages. The fact is that lately there has been a lot of talk about vaccinations, whether they are evil or good, whether they should be done. Now this is not done on a mandatory basis, as it was in Soviet times, now people can choose. Send your thoughts on this matter to +7 985 970 4545.
E. GEVORKYAN: It’s probably worth warning our listeners that interesting things await them during our program and beyond, before we listen to the diaries. We will definitely talk with pediatric allergist Yulia Chervonnikova. We will also talk with the famous virologist Galina Chervonskaya. We will definitely listen to your opinions live. In addition, Maria Golubkina and Yana Poplavskaya will speak in our section “People with Interesting Positions.” This is all ahead of us.
N. CHOPIN: First, we will hear the opinion of Evelina Gevorkyan.
E. GEVORGYAN: When we euthanized our beloved cat, the doctors consoled us: “You can’t do anything - there is no cure for this cat virus. The cat is doomed. Now, if only you could get vaccinated in advance...” Then my beliefs about the uselessness of vaccines were shaken. Therefore, when the question arose, “Should I vaccinate my child?”, I again began to weigh the pros and cons and came to the following. The fear of death or a terrible disease is certainly great.
Since issues of such an order as life and death do not completely depend on us, we want to insure ourselves as much as possible, lay down a straw, and get at least some guarantees. But no one gives such guarantees; even the most vaccine-friendly studies do not show one hundred percent protection.
On the other hand, even the vaccine manufacturers themselves warn in the instructions for use about numerous consequences and side effects, including death. Add to this the voices of immunologists who shout: any vaccination is a powerful blow to the immune system, the body’s natural defenses. And then it turns out quite strange: in fear of a possible illness, we ourselves spoil our health in advance.
But a law-abiding Russian child, from his first day until the age of 14, must receive 20 vaccinations - these are 20 severe health stresses. All this is on the strong recommendation of good people from the Ministry of Health. I will not suspect them of lobbying the interests of pharmaceutical companies, even if they have such a huge and guaranteed market in their power. But I won’t say the opposite either. In general, my child is not vaccinated.
N. CHOPIN: Well, well, Evelina’s point of view is understandable. I will once again remind you of the phone number where you can send your messages and convey your point of view +7 985 970 4545. And now let’s listen to Tony Samsonova’s point of view.
A. SAMSONOVA: What to do if the experts you trust express different opinions on such an important issue for you? Probably the most correct way is to study this issue yourself and form your own opinion. I'm unlikely to become a good expert in immunology and virology. And I can hardly reasonably speak out about whether children should be vaccinated on the 3rd day after birth. But I have to make a decision about whether to vaccinate my child, so I still have to trust some expert. I prefer to trust the recommendations of the World Health Organization, and those vaccinations that are given in Russian maternity hospitals are approved by WHO.
E. GEVORGYAN: Well, that was Tony Samsonova’s opinion. She’s not with us in the studio now, otherwise, as usual, we would have clashed with her positions, because ours turned out to be directly opposite. Tony has a completely valid reason - the last week before the most significant event, the birth of a child, so we will not touch it in this case. And they didn’t load it with such a controversial and difficult topic either. Therefore, I propose moving on to Natasha Chopin’s diary.
N. CHOPIN: “As a child, I, like all Soviet children, received many vaccinations. What was the point of this - I don’t know. I really didn’t suffer from any terrible diseases, but I wasn’t particularly healthy either. I was sick before and after a year, I caught colds easily, my mother and I were regulars at the children's clinic. I don’t know what role vaccinations played here. But I heard - including from many doctors - that vaccinations undermine the child’s natural immunity, because vaccination is, in fact, the same disease, only in its mild form. It creates artificial immunity, protects against only one specific disease, but at the same time makes a person more vulnerable to other diseases. After all, every intervention has its consequences. At the same time, I understand that there are very dangerous diseases, from which it is better to protect yourself by all possible means. But is it possible to sacrifice a child’s immunity? How to protect yourself? Should we trust nature or trust doctors? I don't know. But I feel that, at least until they are one year old, it is better not to show up at the clinic without unnecessary need. And then we’ll see.”
E. GEVORKYAN: Well, all our positions, the positions of the presenters, are indicated. We have the opinions of experts ahead. Today we will talk with virologist Galina Chervonskaya, we will talk with pediatric allergist Yulia Chervonnikova and, of course, with you. We are already receiving SMS messages to the number +7 985 970 4545.
N. CHOPIN: Vladimir from Chelyabinsk writes to us that vaccinations must be given, otherwise they will still be required later. He is 16 years old, his sister is 7 years old, and vaccinations are required at school. In fact, this is a serious question; we will ask the experts. Are vaccinations required at school? As far as I know... I have friends who do not vaccinate their children for reasons of principle, and the children go to school...
E. GEVORGYAN: There is a well-known story here. On the one hand, according to the law, we have the right not to do so. But, on the other hand, when there are not enough places in kindergartens, try to improve your license... And, other things being equal, they may prefer a child who is doing well from a formal point of view. I also know that some parents buy these cards, bribe doctors and forge documents.
Here they also warn that this is dangerous. Because it seems that you have formally arranged for the child, he seems to have had all the vaccinations, but then they warn you that don’t be surprised if there is some kind of revaccination, and your child is taken away along with the others and given some kind of vaccination, about which you didn't suspect. This is also a dangerous path. It is not entirely clear what to do in this case.
N. CHOPIN: This is actually a question of law. We will definitely talk about this today. To begin with, I would like to find out the question itself: how dangerous are vaccinations really or are they necessary. Now we are in touch with pediatric allergist at the Children's Medical Center "Mobile Medicine" Yulia Chervonnikova. Julia, good evening.
YU, CHERVONNIKOVA: Good evening.
N. CHOPIN: Tell me, you are a doctor with extensive experience. What is your attitude towards vaccinations? Today we are talking specifically about vaccinations that are given to babies, children under one year old.
Y. CHERVONNIKOVA: My attitude towards vaccinations is actually ambiguous. It seems to me that vaccinating children under one year old is wrong. Because the first year in a child’s life is the most important, and enormous strength is needed for growth, development, and adaptation to life. And when a huge amount of alien information is pumped in, it doesn’t do very well for children. Since we have an allergy center, both vaccinated children and those who cannot be vaccinated due to allergies in the future are treated. In general, unvaccinated children are healthier in their first year.
N. CHOPIN: But at the same time, there are a large number of dangerous diseases. Let's say tetanus. After all, every mother fears for her child.
Y. CHERVONNIKOVA: Yes. In my opinion, dangerous infections, which primarily include diphtheria, tetanus - those that are vaccinated in the first year of life - and polio, can be given these vaccinations, but preferably not in the first year. Because in the first year it is quite difficult to get tetanus, because it is strange to assume that a child will pick his leg with a rusty nail somewhere in a garbage dump and thus get an infection. And a plus - in case of infected wounds, tetanus vaccination is always carried out.
N. CHOPIN: What happens to a child when he is vaccinated? Why is it better not to vaccinate children until they are one year old? How do you think this might affect his immune system?
Y. CHERVONNIKOVA: Firstly, allergization. Secondly, the polio virus... (undissolved) in the intestines, and against the background of the life of the polio virus in the intestines, all sorts of digestive disorders and enzyme deficiencies arise, which in the future also lead to various chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract...
E. GEVORKYAN: Sorry, I will intervene in the conversation. On the other hand, my child at 2 and a half months has not had any vaccinations, but he has food allergies. So what should we do then? You say that according to your observations, vaccinated children have more allergies.
Y. CHERVONNIKOVA: It is simply useless to vaccinate a child with allergies, because given the fact that the body is already busy solving the allergy problem, it has a small chance of developing immunity to the vaccinations that are given. Now it’s just a very unfavorable allergic background. I don't want to say that allergies are associated only with vaccinations. But even after vaccination there is a fairly large number of allergies.
E. GEVORKYAN: I have read various literature, and even supporters of vaccinations say that if a child has allergies, then this is a contraindication to vaccinating him. This is true?
Y. CHERVONNIKOVA: This is a relative contraindication.
E. GEVORKYAN: Excuse me, what does “relative” mean?
Y. CHERVONNIKOVA: Look, there are absolute contraindications - high temperature, exacerbation of a chronic disease, and there are relative ones...
E. GEVORKYAN: Let’s say that today a child has diathesis on the cheeks, he has an obvious allergy, and today they give vaccinations in a kindergarten or clinic. As a mother, the concept of “relative contraindications” doesn’t mean much to me. Should I get vaccinated or not?
Y. CHERVONNIKOVA: As a mother, I think there is no need to do this. But the clinic most likely won’t tell you about this. Because the paper doesn’t say that this is an absolute contraindication. But allergists and immunologists believe that it is wrong to vaccinate in the presence of a blooming diathesis.
E. GEVORGYAN: Well, then we come to the fact that now almost all children have allergies, which means that modern children do not need to be vaccinated. Do I get it right?
Y. CHERVONNIKOVA: After a year, see whether they can do it or not. And plus, there is a good opinion that you can’t vaccinate everyone. There are primary immune children for whom this vaccination will simply be unnecessary. There are children for whom no matter what you do, they still won’t develop immunity. There are those who have developed immunity with one vaccination. In general, you need to make an immune card and look at what is in a person’s body.
N. CHOPIN: Now they send us a lot of messages on the Internet: “Vaccination is a help to the immune system,” a listener writes to us, “and not harm to it. By not vaccinating your children, you not only endanger your child, but also the children of others who come into contact with him.” How do you think?
Y. CHERVONNIKOVA: But not in the first year! And not from all diseases. Because for someone to die from measles, rubella or mumps, something completely strange must happen in the body. These diseases are fatal only for very weakened children.
E. GEVORKYAN: And what diseases are there that, if a person, God forbid, gets sick, can really no longer be cured? As I told in my diary, it happened with my cat. They say that if they had been vaccinated, the cat might have lived. But they didn’t get vaccinated, and it’s impossible to cure him. What kind of diseases are there, what vaccinations are there that definitely need to be done?
Y. CHERVONNIKOVA: Of all the vaccinations that are required according to our vaccination schedule, I believe that it is necessary to vaccinate against diphtheria, tetanus and, possibly, polio. All the rest, I think, may not be done. CHOPIN: At what age do you think it’s worth doing them?
Y. CHERVONNIKOVA: After a year. Preferably up to three years of age.
N. CHOPIN: We have a lot of questions related to the fact that children are not accepted into kindergarten, are not accepted into nurseries, are not accepted into school if they do not have the necessary vaccinations. Is this really true?
Y. CHERVONNIKOVA: Yes, this is true, but not in all gardens. Because now there are many commercial gardens where it doesn’t matter whether there are vaccinations or no vaccinations. But there is some kind of amendment to the law from 1993 - I just forgot its number - allowing parents not to vaccinate their children at their own request. It’s just that few people pay attention to it. When parents go all the way and fight, it works. CHOPIN: Okay. Thank you very much, Julia. And another specialist will be in touch with us. We will talk with virologist Galina Chervonskaya. We receive a huge number of messages. Rosa from Chelyabinsk writes to us that there is no need to get vaccinated, her son is not vaccinated, he is 20 years old, but that she had to listen enough! “I’m in 9th grade,” Sergei writes to us, “I’ve never had vaccinations. The school requires a written refusal from the parents, but I haven’t brought it for two years now, and basically, as he writes, I’ve given up on all this. “Mom didn’t let me get vaccinated, I’ve never been sick. During an examination at the age of 16, doctors admitted that my health could not be better,” Marina writes to us. Karl asks: “Why are people in Russia so afraid of modern medicine?” As far as I understand, vaccinations are not such a modern medicine, because this propaganda of vaccinations has been going on for decades...
E. GEVORKYAN: Not even decades, but centuries. As you know, when the first smallpox vaccinations appeared, there were riots in England, because a lot of people were dying, and the state wanted to save them... Therefore, this whole history of the fight against vaccinations has actually been going on for centuries.
N. CHOPIN: Vera Grigorievna from Ukhta is just writing to us that all vaccinations up to one year old caused terrible asthma attacks in her daughter...
E. GEVORKYAN: Asthmatic allergy.
N. CHOPIN: Yes, asthmatic allergy. And the ambulance barely saved her, as she writes. “Some hepatitis vaccinations, for example, contain mercury,” Dmitry writes to us. – In addition, vaccinating a newborn means destroying the immune system, which simply does not exist yet. My daughter is 12 days old, and I definitely won’t vaccinate her until she’s six months old, but we’ll see.” I will once again remind you of the phone number where you can send your SMS messages: +7 985 970 4545. Indeed, the topic is very interesting, and as you understand, neither Evelina nor I have a 100% clear opinion regarding vaccinations. Let's look into this issue together.
E. GEVORKYAN: Meanwhile, we have Galina Petrovna Chervonskaya in touch. I think she will definitely explain everything to us now. She has been dealing with this issue for many years. Galina Petrovna, hello.
G. CHERVONSKAYA: Good evening. First of all, thank you for organizing this show. Thanks to the pediatric allergist doctor, who, well done, sorted things out so well that I had almost nothing to do. Thank you to her, my deepest bow to the ground for her competent approach to the health of children, especially under one year old. And I would like to see her.
E. GEVORKYAN: Galina Petrovna, we will definitely give you her contacts so that you can communicate. I know that your family has several generations...
G. CHERVONSKAYA: Six. Six generations unvaccinated. Absolutely never vaccinated.
E. GEVORKYAN: Yulia Chervonnikova told us that there are such terrible diseases as polio, tetanus and diphtheria, from which, in principle, it would be possible to get vaccinated...
G. CHERVONSKAYA: You know what, here, on this issue, I don’t quite agree with the doctor. Because, firstly, tetanus, is it lurking around every corner? She really gave a very good example. This is how you actually need to stick this nail into yourself in order to get tetanus. This time. Secondly, why is there no diphtheria throughout the world? Not because they were vaccinated, but because diphtheria has been treated with antibiotics for half a century. Therefore, it has not been scary to anyone for half a century. And our dark and rotten Russia continues to remain in this ignorance. If you really want to get polio, then keep in mind: BEFORE VACCINATION WITH ANY LIVE VACCINE, THE CHILD'S IMMUNE STATUS MUST BE RESEARCHED. Why? Because a combination of three factors - a live vaccine, an immunoweakened organism plus susceptibility to polio or tuberculosis - and the child gets sick with the disease against which he is vaccinated.
E. GEVORGYAN: That is, if a child has been vaccinated against polio, he can also get it?
G. CHERVONSKAYA: Absolutely right. This is exactly what they are talking about now, thank God. Such ardent vaccinators in our country as Bekhtimirov from the Tarasevich Control Institute and from the Institute of Pediatrics such as Tatochenko, in general, the distributor of all vaccines in our country, they say that every year the associated polio vaccine appears for 10-15 people. We practically infect them with a live vaccine. “We infect” needs to be put in quotation marks here. CHOPIN: Galina Petrovna, today I literally talked to a doctor who told me: “Well, how are you going to not vaccinate your child, because we are currently experiencing a major tuberculosis epidemic.” And this is not the first doctor who told me this.
G. CHERVONSKAYA: Firstly, we don’t have any epidemic. I attended several conferences where TB doctors spoke. And when I asked them: I constantly meet with young parents, young doctors, young teachers and so on, tell me, do we really have a tuberculosis epidemic in Russia? And who are you? And I say, Galina Petrovna Chervonskaya. Just to say that we have an epidemic, this is not the case. This is a lie, this is intimidation, this is mental terrorism.
E. GEVORKYAN: Galina Petrovna, I heard another opinion that in our maternity hospitals for many generations they have been mandatory to vaccinate against tuberculosis, meanwhile, we continue to remain the most ... (unintelligible?) country in the world.
G. CHERVONSKAYA: My cute girls! First of all, please remove the word “mandatory”. We do not have any mandatory vaccinations. I am also the developer of several laws on healthcare: “Fundamentals of legislation on protecting the health of citizens”, “On medicines” and the third, my dear “On the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases”, which came into force in Russia in 1998. We have created a “National Vaccination Calendar” for you, just like in any other self-respecting country. Not a single word “mandatory” or “planned” - we threw it all out! Categorically! No mandatory vaccinations! BUT VACCINATIONS IN OUR MATERNITY HOSPITAL - I CALL IT A CRIME! CHOPIN: Galina Petrovna, in conclusion: at what age is it better to get vaccinated against polio, in your opinion? CHERVONSKAYA: I believe that if you vaccinate, it should under no circumstances be a live vaccine. Not with Dr. Sabin's vaccine, but with Dr. Sodek's vaccine, killed by the vaccine. And if someone is afraid of diphtheria, tetanus, polio, then there is such a vaccine. She is not one of the best that they bring to us... In general, all the rubbish is brought to us, as if to a trash heap, to Russia. They keep saying “French-French”, but such rubbish that... For some reason they are bringing it here, and for the last three years, every year, parents have filed 15 thousand lawsuits for post-vaccination complications.
E. GEVORKYAN: Galina Petrovna, you are now talking about lawsuits. The day before, I was interested in an informational poster at the children's clinic; it was dedicated to vaccinations. There was a calendar posted there, as well as questions and answers. And here, in particular, is the question: “Who makes the decision about vaccination?” Answer: the decision is made by the doctor, who is also legally responsible for complications.
G. CHERVONSKAYA: So, yes. According to the legislation of Article 5, only parents make a decision. Article 11 states in black and white that vaccinations are given to minors only with parental permission. And what they have hanging out in the clinic is called “illegal.”
E. GEVORKYAN: But it was the Committee on Social Policy of the Moscow Government that issued this bulletin...
G. CHERVONSKAYA: They are violating the healthcare legislation of the Russian Federation.
E. GEVORKYAN: Okay, what about the legal liability of doctors? Over the last, say, 5 years, how many doctors have been held accountable in your memory?
G. CHERVONSKAYA: Good question, wonderful! Doctors, as a rule, do not suffer. But parents have already become more or less literate, and we have such - I am your independent expert - forensic medical examinations on post-vaccination complications of the Moscow Health Department. So parents are already starting to file lawsuits. They start serving. This is still small, an insignificant percentage, but doctors, unfortunately, do not suffer. Why? Because no one applies for doctors. Let's say, in the maternity hospital they gave a vaccination without the permission of the parents. These parents have the right to sue because they were not asked for permission to inject your child.
E. GEVORGYAN: By the way. Today on the Internet I accidentally came across such an interesting document. This is a government decree, a list of complications for which a one-time benefit is due from the state. Then my hair started to stand up because...anaphylactic shock, encephalitis, polio. Excuse me, what is this? So, the state will pay me some kind of benefit if, God forbid, my child gets these deadly, terrible diseases after vaccination?
G. CHERVONSKAYA: Sorry, this won’t make it any easier for you, your parents, or your child. I want to say that this list of post-vaccination complications - all this has existed since 1796. That is, the year of the first vaccination in general, the introduction of the first vaccine by Edward Jenner. But we were hiding all this! So in 1988, what did I do? I came out to you, journalists, in the central press. Because I’m tired of reading everything about this in specialized literature! I'm tired of reading! CHOPIN: Galina Petrovna, excuse me for interrupting you. Why then is there this poster hanging in the children's clinic, one way or another recommending that parents get vaccinated? What interest do they have in the clinic...
G. CHERVONSKAYA: Guys, their interest is simple - they get extra money for it, extra wages. All this benefits them in every way! And the more he vaccinates, the more money he will receive.
E. GEVORGYAN: Is this official practice or what?
G. CHERVONSKAYA: No, this is not official practice, these are some by-laws that are being distributed, which neither you nor I should know about. Parents shouldn’t even know...
E. GEVORKYAN: Does the Ministry of Health issue these instructions, or are some pharmaceutical companies paying for it?
G. CHERVONSKAYA: Just a second. Everything is released... the same gag - C's - it continues. Everyone said: Stalin was to blame in his time. Now who is to blame? The country's chief orderly Onishchenko. I performed live on Vremechko, and there was this Dimochka Bykov. He said a very good thing about this orderly: “It seems to me that all the harm to health is caused by this orderly Onishchenko.” Absolutely right! As long as the orderly Onishchenko, who has nothing to do with immunology, is engaged in immunoprophylaxis, everything will be topsy-turvy and backwards. And we will not have the map that all self-respecting states have. There are not only vaccinations, but there is the result of vaccinations.
E. GEVORGYAN: That is, the doctor is responsible for the result?
G. CHERVONSKAYA: Why! GEVORGYAN: And we were vaccinated, and at least the grass won’t grow anymore...
G. CHERVONSKAYA: And go for a walk, Vasya.
E. GEVORKYAN: Galina Petrovna, in the same poster that offended me, it is written: “If your child does not have vaccinations, what could be the danger?” In particular, in addition to kindergartens, it is written that they can be refused when leaving the country in accordance with some international treaties. Excuse me, what should I get vaccinated against then, in their opinion? From tuberculosis, polio, so that I could be allowed to travel?
G. CHERVONSKAYA: This is also a pure lie. You should go to the embassy of the country you are traveling to and find out what is actually required of you. Parents ask me if they are traveling with two- or three-month-old children to some exotic countries. I'm sorry, but what the devil is driving you with such children to these exotic countries? In general, where a child is born, he should live for at least one year. Better before three. In this belt, I want to say.
E. GEVORGYAN: That is, all these India, Thailand and eastern countries...
G. CHERVONSKAYA: This is where it begins... Here you already take full responsibility on yourself, vaccinating your children against some terrible fevers that are carried by mosquitoes, from which, indeed, it is impossible to escape. But you know, there are also people there who go into the wilds, into the jungle, these are the same living conditions. Yes? And those who are in contact with civilization have completely different living conditions, and no one gets infected with anything there. We all go too, and my daughter goes, and I go, and my grandson goes endlessly.
E. GEVORKYAN: Well, then. Thank you very much. We have only a few minutes left until the end, and we want to give the floor to our listeners. Let's hear what opinion they came to as a result of our debate. Thank you very much.
G. CHERVONSKAYA: All the best, thank you.
N. CHOPIN: First of all, I want to read a few messages from curious people who came to us on our pager. “I’m 28 years old,” writes Tatyana from Samara. – Since birth, I have had a permanent medical exemption from vaccinations for health reasons. At school they twisted my arms and forced me to get vaccinated, then I spent months in hospitals. There’s nothing left of my health now.”
E. GEVORKYAN: Now, I think, such chaos is unlikely to happen. Again, thanks to some lawsuits and the consciousness of the parents.
N. CHOPIN: Well, listen to the next message that came from Ida, and then you will understand what is happening now. “Do people at the maternity hospital ask about vaccinations? - a young mother asks us a question. “On the third day they just brought me my child, vaccinated.” Although I am very afraid of such things, and I told the doctors that I am against vaccinations. As a child, after a vaccination, I lost my hearing for several days, and when I found out about the vaccination, I had one desire - to kill everyone,” Ida writes to us. “But they won’t admit you to kindergarten without vaccinations; we had to resolve this issue through friends.” Indeed, it is very difficult. Even where it has been proven that they are required to take their children to kindergarten, there are other ways to convince parents to get vaccinated. When parents say that they will not vaccinate their child, the kindergarten says: “Well, fine, don’t do it. And you know, we don’t have any places.” And this method is very common. You will stand at the very end of the line until... You know, now we have a very big problem with kindergartens in Moscow, it is not so easy to enroll a child in kindergarten. You will remain in the very tail until you fulfill all the conditions. And how to deal with this? Personally, to be honest, I just don’t know.
E. GEVORGYAN: And how will you fight? Jokes aside, what, would you put your child’s health at risk in order for him to go to kindergarten? Or what? Or won't you go to work because there will be no kindergarten?
N. CHOPIN: Just as the laws are not implemented in our country, there is also opposition to this illegal force. There are bribes, there are some friendly connections. Most likely, you will have to go this way if nothing changes by then. Well, well, I suggest listening to phone calls. 363-36-59 phone number of our studio. But first...
E. GEVORGYAN: ... our column: “People with positions in interesting positions.” I would really like to know whether TV presenter Yana Poplavskaya had her children vaccinated.
YA POPLAVSKAYA: You know, if you ask me, I vaccinate my children. Although now a new trend has begun, as usual... The new is the well-forgotten old, when ten years ago articles appeared that there was no need to get vaccinated, it was very harmful. But I think that it was not idiots who came up with vaccinations after all. Yes? And they, from my point of view, are needed. There may be many different opinions, but I vaccinate my children and believe that this is necessary. As practice has shown... You know, one doctor just recently, when I was on a drip in the hospital... I ask: doctor, why am I still feeling worse and worse? And he says to me: “Yana, you know, medicine is still a very dark matter.” It's better to be safe than sorry, I'll tell you honestly. You know very well that there is a certain percentage of risk that is always inherent in all industries. Maybe out of a thousand operations the best surgeon will have a certain percentage where the operation will be unsuccessful. After all, people are not machines. Do you understand?
E. GEVORGYAN: This was the opinion of Yana Poplavskaya, TV presenter and actress. Maria Golubkina will speak out about vaccinations right now.
M. GOLUBKINA: Yes, I think it’s still worth getting vaccinated. Because from tuberculosis, which was always done in the maternity hospital on the third day after birth, and then they stopped for a while, and it appeared again. We, of course, have defeated many diseases, but nevertheless we should not rely too much on ourselves, and it is worth getting vaccinated. There are some flu vaccinations that are questionable, because there are several types of flu, strains... And hepatitis vaccinations. You need to think about this and consult with your doctor. In general, it is worth getting vaccinated.
E. GEVORKYAN: Wow, our experts, our “stars” did not listen to those specialists with whom we had already talked. We recorded their opinion a little earlier, even before the broadcast. Somehow it seems to me that after what we heard today about the myths about tuberculosis, perhaps they would change their minds.
N. CHOPIN: And you know, Natalya from Moscow came to us with advice. She writes: “Girls, you can fight the usual vaccination terrorism in kindergartens, like our generation. Groups of parents of at least five people gathered and sat in turns either in the same apartment or in turns in different houses. Our children grew up without vaccinations, and everything is fine with them.”
E. GEVORGYAN: Such home kindergartens.
N. CHOPIN: Now let's listen to your point of view, dear listeners. 363-36-59, call, it’s very interesting to hear your point of view. And we take the first call. Hello, you're on the air, hello!
AUDIENCE: Hello, good evening. My name is Elena. My position is to categorically not vaccinate. But how difficult it is for mothers to resist when they have no medical education, and they begin to persuade, persuade, scare, and so on. I just wanted to know: who performed for you?
E. GEVORKYAN: Yulia Chervonnikova, allergist, and Galina Chervonskaya, virologist, she spoke second.
LISTENER: Yes, of course I am against it, and I try to give only the minimum vaccinations to my children. But this is very difficult in our country. I don't know when this situation will change. And despite the fact that they persuade you, you must take responsibility for each vaccination and sign a stamp at the clinic that you are not against it. They take parents' signatures. Consent is not enough; written consent is also not enough.
E. GEVORKYAN: Well, now the situation is really changing. Although they say that in maternity hospitals they bring someone a child who has already been vaccinated, but specifically I hope that my child was never vaccinated in the maternity hospital, because I initially arrived there with papers and refusals. And maybe that’s why the doctors there were somehow especially reverent, they came running and asked: “Is it possible?...”. Most often I said: “You can’t.”
N. CHOPIN: In this situation, I can be completely sure that my child did not receive any vaccinations, only I, because we, in fact, were born at home, and the child was always in front of my eyes, and there was no doctor who I could come up with syringes and secretly get some kind of vaccination. We are not going to do this until at least a year later.
E. GEVORKYAN: We are still accepting calls. 363-36-59. We ask those who are “for” vaccinations and know why to call. There must be a clear argument. Or “against”, and again why. Hello, hello! What is your name?
AUDIENCE: Hello. I am a faithful listener of Echo of Moscow. My name is Irina Vladimirovna. For a long time I worked as the chief doctor of the sanitary and epidemiological station, a pediatrician and worked in the Ministries of Health of the RSFSR and the USSR. And she worked together with Mr. Onishchenko and those medical officials. Therefore, I am categorically against tuberculosis vaccinations in maternity hospitals, because no newborn is capable of developing immunity. And live tubercle bacilli from the vaccine can cause real tuberculosis disease.
E. GEVORGYAN: Excuse me, please. Then the following question creeps in: why then has the whole country been doing this for so many years?
AUDIENCE: I’m answering your question. In our ... (unclear), for example, there are maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances. In atmospheric air, in food, in water. But there are no maximum permissible concentrations or maximum permissible level of harmful interference in the human body. And no one even talks about it!
E. GEVORKYAN: Galina Chervonskaya told us what a monster Mr. Onishchenko is, so that you don’t make the same thing personal...
LISTENER: I will move on, I believe that...
E. GEVORKYAN: Why then is all this being done for so many years?
LISTENER: You understand, there is such a tandem: manufacturers of vaccination material receive huge amounts of money. Onishchenko commands who and in what quantity to vaccinate the population. You see how many parents and how many people who say that they are intimidating everyone. Doctors receive some additional payment. Or they are removed from the bonus if they do not comply with vaccination plans and so on. That’s why everyone is slowly trying to fulfill the vaccination plans. But the fact is that no one is responsible for the fact that this harmful medical intervention covers the entire population of the country. And these programs that you conduct, both on television, and so much information is written in the newspapers, and how much Galina Petrovna is making efforts to stop this. The arbitrator can stop this. This should be taken up by the competent authorities, any competent authorities. Now the Investigative Committee and so on. Well, it’s impossible for everyone in the country to be divided: to vaccinate or not to vaccinate? Such...
E. GEVORGYAN: Well, wait, there are a lot of parents who are “for” vaccinations. If they are really that afraid, let them do it.
LISTENER: They listen to some doctors, academicians, professors, other specialists with the highest qualification categories, who have worked for a very long time and have medical and other practices, they say that it is impossible. A CHILD SHOULD BE LEAVED ALONE UNTIL THREE YEARS OLD!
N. CHOPIN: Irina Vladimirovna, Andrey from Togliatti asks: “If you have already started vaccinating your child, should you continue or stop?”
AUDIENCE: No, no. Do you know what? There are deadlines between vaccinations that must be maintained. The first revaccination, the second revaccination, but between these periods the child gets sick, these periods are lost, all these opportunities are lost for the child to develop immunity, for example. If we assume that it will be produced... Under the conditions that the vaccinations include materials such as formaldehyde, sodium mertealate. And sodium mertealate is carnazan. Agricultural workers know that they treat seeds with carnazan before sowing... And therefore...
E. GEVORGYAN: Yes, I understand that you are saying that toxic substances are used as preservatives in vaccinations.
AUDIENCE: Yes, yes. And therefore, how can immunity be developed from such “high-quality” vaccinations? From low-quality vaccinations. And therefore, I believe that in order to put an end to this, the competent authorities need to intervene. After all, only Onishchenko has access to the health authorities, to the Minister of Health. We didn’t have any appeals – either to President Yeltsin or to Putin – where are all the appeals sent? To Onishchenko. All. Do you understand? And that's where the matter stops. They print in newspapers, broadcast programs, but the issue needs to be resolved radically, in the end. Do you understand?
E. GEVORKYAN: Thank you very much. Our broadcast time is coming to an end. We still have time to receive one or two calls. 363-36-59 our phone number. Hello, hello! The call dropped...
N. CHOPIN: Now it would be interesting to listen to at least one point of view of a person who is “for” vaccinations. And, in principle, we receive SMS messages from people who believe that it is better to get vaccinated and live in peace. 363-36-59. If you are pro-vaccine, call us now and tell us why you are pro-vaccine.
E. GEVORKYAN: If you have arguments, please share them with us. Hello!
N. CHOPIN: In my opinion, we missed another call. “My younger sister Monica was infected with a tuberculosis infection in the maternity hospital,” Elena writes to us from Moscow, “which was discovered at the age of five. True, “thanks to” this she had no other vaccinations, she literally always had an elevated temperature.” Hello, hello!
AUDIENCE: Good afternoon.
E. GEVORGYAN: So, are you for vaccinations or against?
AUDIENCE: Against. My name is Rimma, my baby is 6 months old. I refused vaccinations at the maternity hospital, but we were still given hepatitis B. We refused BCG, but the pediatrician simply shouted that our child would die. And in the end, when we come to any clinic, we are asked: where are the vaccinations, why did you refuse? But at the same time, I ask the doctors themselves if they vaccinate their children, they say no, we don’t vaccinate our children.
E. GEVORGYAN: Why did it happen that hepatitis B was diagnosed?
AUDIENCE: That's what happened. They told me: we have already done it for you. Although I was against it. And I already refuse BCG in writing. Until leaving the maternity hospital, doctors came every day and said: your child is going to die, you are making a huge mistake, now there are huge epidemics of tuberculosis everywhere, now everyone is sick, many people from the CIS countries come to visit us, they are all sick, they are infecting, now and in metro, and there are a lot of clinics... it’s just that everyone is getting sick, we have an epidemic... Blood pressure is going on everywhere!
N. CHOPIN: A very familiar situation, in fact. Because my close friend had a similar story. She had a premature baby girl—premature babies usually have jaundice, but it went away—and when they were discharged, they literally begged her to get vaccinated against tuberculosis. They simply said: there’s an epidemic, it’s absolutely necessary to do something about it. And she got vaccinated to, as she said, “reassure the doctors.” As a result, after two weeks they returned to the hospital, and they already had full jaundice. And they were forced to spend three weeks in the hospital. And my friend is absolutely sure that this is the result of that vaccination.
E. GEVORKYAN: To be honest, I am sincerely sorry that we have not heard a single convincing opinion in favor of vaccinations. Somehow it turned out one-sided. Meanwhile, we receive calls without listening to them at all. We simply broadcast those who call us. And wow, people who are against vaccinations, which are forcibly given to children in maternity hospitals, are breaking through with the sore point.
N. CHOPIN: But now those who are “for” can also support vaccinations...
E. GEVORKYAN: ...cast your vote.
N. CHOPIN: Yes. At least come out and express your voice. We are currently conducting online voting. So, vaccinations for babies. For or against. We are talking about babies, and small children up to one year old. If you are in favor of vaccinating young children, call 660-01-13, if you are against - 660-01-14. Voting has started!
E. GEVORKYAN: Meanwhile, I read the calendar that the Ministry of Health recommends to us, the same one that hangs in the children's clinic. It really is recommended to get about 20 vaccinations up to the age of 14. And as far as I remember, hepatitis B is given on the very first day. By the way, Galina Petrovna Chervonskaya said that we are the only country in the world in which vaccinations are given in maternity hospitals, and in general in the Western civilized world only those who have hepatitis B are vaccinated against parents are infected. But we succeed, they do this to all, all children.
N. CHOPIN: And now the voting continues... I think we can finish. The trend is clear, I'm stopping the vote. So, 17.3 percent is exactly how many listeners are in favor of getting vaccinated. Accordingly, 82.7 percent—the vast majority—are against vaccinating young children.
E. GEVORGYAN: To be honest, I doubt that almost 83 percent of our listeners really do not vaccinate their children. But I think, perhaps, after our discussion today and after hearing the opinion of experts, someone probably changed their position, and the voting results are exactly like this.
N. CHOPIN: The most important thing, I think, is for people to think about it. There is no need to completely trust doctors, as we are used to doing. Just read and decide for yourself.
E. GEVORKYAN: Take responsibility and be responsible for the health of your children. It was the Baby Boom program. Natalia Chopin and Evelina Gevorkyan worked in the studio. Thanks everyone, and see you next Sunday.
Modern veterinary medicine has achieved success not only in the treatment, but also in the prevention of infectious diseases in animals. Vaccination of dogs is one of the effective procedures that allows you to prevent your pet from getting a dangerous infection. Compliance with the vaccination schedule, proper preparation for vaccination, and the choice of a safe drug are the key to protecting your four-legged friend from many infections, including those dangerous to humans.
Read in this article
Do I need to get vaccinated?
The question of the need for vaccination arises before the owner, as a rule, after the long-awaited puppy has been at home for several days. In recent years, there has been an opinion among the population that artificial immunization is harmful, undermines the body’s defenses and is dangerous to the health and even life of the pet. Such misconceptions usually lead to infection of domestic animals with pathogenic microorganisms and often result in death.
Modern biological preparations actively protect dogs from such common infections as canine distemper and contagious hepatitis. Pathogenic viruses, having penetrated the body, quickly disable systems and organs. The course of plague and parvovirus infection is often acute. Treatment of viral infections is ineffective.
The plague of carnivores alone annually kills hundreds of thousands of stray animals and dogs whose owners neglected vaccination.
Many diseases that can be actively prevented carry a potential risk for humans. Rabies is one of the most dangerous anthropozoonoses and is fatal not only for animals, but also for humans. Leptospirosis is also a serious pathology, transmitted to household members through contact with a sick dog.
In veterinary practice, vaccination is a generally accepted active prevention of dangerous infections. Vaccinations can not only significantly reduce the risk of disease, but in some cases completely eliminate infection with a particular pathogen.
Vaccination distribution by age
Measures to protect your pet from infectious diseases begin at a young age and continue throughout the animal’s life. Vaccination according to age is associated with the peculiarities of the formation of the pet’s immune system. In the first weeks of life, the puppy is protected by maternal immunoglobulins and does not need special protection.
First for puppies
Colostral immunity persists in babies for up to 8 weeks. In this regard, it is not advisable to vaccinate before this date. The first vaccination is given to puppies at the age of 8 - 10 weeks. Immunization is aimed at protecting against infections such as canine distemper, contagious hepatitis, parainfluenza, adenoviral infection and leptospirosis.
Revaccination (repeated administration of a biological drug) is carried out after 14 - 21 days, depending on the chosen vaccination, according to the instructions.
When the puppy reaches 2 - 2.5 months, he is vaccinated against rabies. Often, rabies vaccine is part of polyvalent preparations and does not require a separate injection, but is carried out during revaccination.
What to inject for adult dogs
To maintain the level of antibodies necessary to protect the body, adult pets must undergo immunization at least once a year. The dog is vaccinated against distemper, parvovirus infection, hepatitis, adenovirosis, and leptospirosis.
If the area of residence is unfavorable for tick-borne infections (Lyme disease, piroplasmosis), then, on the recommendation of a veterinarian, preventive vaccination against these diseases is carried out. In veterinary practice, dogs are often vaccinated against fungal diseases: trichophytosis and microsporia.
Caution should be exercised when immunizing elderly pets over 8 years of age. The presence of serious chronic diseases may be a reason to refuse vaccination. There are no restrictions on the administration of rabies vaccine.
Prevention of rabies is mandatory for the owner, which is enshrined in the legislation of the country. Vaccination against rabies is usually carried out once a year. In this case, data on the date, number and series of the vaccine are entered into the dog’s veterinary passport. This information is necessary if your pet is suspected of being infected with a dangerous virus.
To learn what vaccinations puppies and adult dogs need to have, watch this video:
How often should vaccinations be given?
The schedule depends on the age of the pet, the biological drugs used, as well as the list of infections against which immunization is carried out. Intensive measures to develop artificial immunity are carried out until the pet reaches 1 year of age. The vaccination schedule looks like this:
- 8 - 10 weeks. The puppy is given the first injection - a vaccine that should protect it from distemper, contagious hepatitis, leptospirosis, adenovirus infection, parainfluenza and viral enteritis.
- 11 - 13 weeks. Revaccination. Repeated administration of the drug is necessary for the effective production of antibodies and the formation of stable immunity to infections.
- 11 - 13 weeks. Treatment of a puppy with an anti-rabies vaccine.
- 6 - 7 months. Revaccination against a complex of infections: canine distemper, contagious hepatitis, adenovirosis, parvovirus infection, leptospirosis.
- 6 - 7 months. Revaccination against rabies.
Vaccination calendar for dogs
From now on, immunization of the four-legged pet is carried out once a year. The standard schedule of preventive anti-infective measures can be changed by a veterinarian depending on the epizootic situation in the area.
What should you inject?
Veterinary legislation establishes mandatory vaccination of domestic animals, including dogs, against rabies. A viral disease is deadly to humans. In this regard, owners need to take a responsible approach to prevention issues.
About rabies vaccination, a corresponding entry is made in the veterinary passport with the signature of the doctor and his personal seal (or the seal of the veterinary institution). Without this mark, the animal is not allowed to participate in exhibition events, and traveling abroad with the pet is prohibited. Responsible dog breeders do not allow dogs to mate without vaccination and do not take them for foster care.
Rabies vaccine is produced by domestic and foreign manufacturers. The drug can be in the form of a monovaccine (protects only against the rabies virus) and in the form of a polyvaccine, for example, Nobivak RL - a vaccine that protects dogs from rabies and leptospirosis.
Polyvaccine Nobivak RL
Due to the fact that the most dangerous diseases for four-legged pets are distemper and infectious enteritis, the owner should immunize against these infections. The high mortality rate among young animals from adenovirosis and infectious hepatitis is also a reason for artificial production in puppies.
Preparing the animal
The reliability of vaccination largely depends on proper preparation of the pet for the procedure. Veterinarians recommend that dog breeders adhere to the following rules before an important event:
If a puppy is being vaccinated for the first time, veterinarians strongly advise not to allow it to go outside and not allow contact with other animals.
It often happens that the owner does not know whether the animal has been vaccinated. This happens if the dog is picked up on the street, or the pet does not have marks in the veterinary passport. In such a situation, veterinarians recommend taking tests to determine the titer of antibodies to a particular infectious agent. This will ensure that the animal’s immune system is not overloaded with repeated vaccinations.
When you should absolutely not vaccinate
Only clinically healthy animals may be allowed to be immunized. Veterinarians strongly recommend refraining from vaccination in the following cases:
Older pets should be vaccinated with caution.
Possible complications after
Modern veterinary drugs for artificial immunization of pets have virtually no side effects. Complications do not occur often in dogs and manifest themselves in the form of a slight increase in body temperature, increased salivation, and anemia of the mucous membranes. Young animals may experience difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, vomiting, etc. Anaphylaxis in a dog is an extremely rare reaction to a vaccine.
Veterinarians do not recommend that owners leave the specialized facility immediately after the injection. You should stay with the animal within the clinic for 20-30 minutes to make sure that there is no negative reaction from the body.
For post-vaccination complications, antihistamines are used, for example, Suprastin, Tavegil. Anaphylactic shock requires urgent resuscitation measures.
Vaccine overview
In veterinary practice, living and non-living biological preparations are used. Based on their composition, vaccines are divided into mono- and polyvalent vaccines. A representative of a monovaccine is an anti-rabies vaccine, which has antigens against only rabies.
Polyvalent vaccines protect the body from a number of infections and allow complex immunization to be carried out in a short time. These medications are more likely to cause side effects in dogs.
The most popular among veterinarians are imported vaccines, the effectiveness of which has been tested by time. Immunological drugs from Nobivak, Eurican, and Pfizer are widely used. The popular Dutch-made Nobivak vaccine has a number of series, the main of which are:
- Nobivak DHP – protects against canine distemper, infectious hepatitis and parvovirus infection.
- Nobivak DHPPi. Along with the properties of Nobivak DHP, DHPPi also has an antigen against parainfluenza.
- Nobivak Lepto. Monovaccine against leptospirosis.
- "Nobivak Rabies. Anti-rabies monovaccine.
- Nobivak RL – protects the animal from rabies and leptospirosis.
Drugs produced by the French company Eurican and the American company Pfizer are also divided into series and have mono- and polyvaccines in their line.
No less effective are biological preparations of domestic production: NPO Narvak, LLC Biocenter and CJSC Firm NPViZTs Vetzverocenter. The most commonly used domestic rabies vaccine is Rabican, polyvalent drugs of the Multikan and Asterion series.
The effectiveness of vaccination largely depends on the fulfillment of the conditions and shelf life of the drug. In this regard, owners should seek veterinary services only from specialized, verified institutions.
Cost of drugs
The price of the issue is an important aspect for owners of four-legged pets. As a rule, domestic drugs are cheaper than imported ones, and vaccination with a Russian polyvalent vaccine will cost about 200 - 300 rubles. Immunization with a foreign drug will require the owner to pay from 600 to 1000 rubles. Calling a veterinarian to your home is paid separately.
As for the rabies vaccine, state animal disease control stations provide rabies vaccination free of charge. A domestic drug is used for vaccination.
Immunization of pets against dangerous infections is an important step in matters of care and maintenance. The effectiveness of vaccination depends on following the treatment schedule, preparing the pet for the procedure, and following the specialist’s recommendations. Vaccination against rabies is mandatory.
Modern veterinary medicine has a wide arsenal of immunological drugs of domestic and foreign production for any material income of the owner.
Useful video
To learn whether dogs need vaccinations, watch this video:
Do I need to get a flu shot? In most cases, specialists: therapists, immunologists, virologists and research scientists agree on one opinion: flu vaccination helps to avoid, if not the disease itself, then its severe forms and the development of complications that have a detrimental effect on the entire body. Influenza is considered one of the most dangerous diseases because of its prevalence: seasonal “outbreaks” of a viral disease quickly cross the epidemiological threshold and become epidemics and even pandemics.
Preventive vaccination of at least part of the population, especially from the most vulnerable groups, helps to significantly reduce the number of cases and reduce the number of deaths from the disease. However, not all people are willing to get a flu shot, even if it is offered free of charge, and some experts also have doubts about the need for annual vaccination. What are the pros and cons of influenza vaccination?
Who should be vaccinated against influenza?
The World Health Organization has identified several groups with different age and physiological characteristics, the vaccination of which should be considered mandatory. Among these groups:
- young children, since their immune system is still developing and needs to be supported by inactivated vaccines to develop temporary specific immunity to various strains of influenza. Due to the formation of the protective system, influenza in childhood is difficult to tolerate, complications and dysfunction of various organs often occur;
- age group over 50 years: natural decline of immunity, the presence of chronic diseases make people in this age period vulnerable to the influenza virus and the development of serious complications of the cardiovascular system and respiratory system. Fatal outcomes are also monitored with high frequency at this age;
- women planning pregnancy or during gestation (not earlier than the second trimester): bearing a child is accompanied by a natural decrease in the body's defenses, as a result of which pregnant women become more seriously ill, and the virus itself in the first trimester can affect the development of the fetus, having a teratogenic effect, causing miscarriage, in the later stages - infect the child and create a threat of premature birth. Vaccination is recommended one month before the planned conception or at 12 obstetric weeks and later;
- people with diseases of the immune system or other diseases and pathologies accompanied by a decrease in the body's defenses, as well as patients with chronic forms of respiratory diseases (in remission);
- groups of professions that, of necessity, come into contact with a large number of infected people and are at increased risk of disease, or are in close contact with vulnerable groups of the population: doctors, pharmacists and pharmacists, social workers, teachers, kindergarten teachers, etc.
Why don't vaccinations always work?
One of the arguments against getting vaccinated against influenza is the likelihood of becoming infected and getting sick, even if you have been vaccinated on time. Why is this happening?
Every year, flu strains change and mutate. Before each epidemic season, researchers predict the most likely types of viruses, and vaccines are created based on the forecast. However, there is a chance of getting a different type of flu.
The second reason is an insufficiently formed immune response of the body, when the immune system, for one reason or another, does not produce enough antibodies to protect against an infectious agent.
The third reason is vaccination with the wrong type of composition due to incorrect selection or incorrect prediction by researchers. Every year, virus strains mutate, change localization, and it is incredibly difficult, and sometimes impossible, to take into account all factors. An inaccurate forecast reduces the effectiveness of the vaccine by 3 times.
However, in all such cases, due to the activation of specific immunity to the combined composition of vaccines, the disease itself is much easier, complications are extremely rare. In some situations, patients do not distinguish between influenza and acute respiratory viral infection, and consider ARVI to be influenza, for which vaccination “did not work.”
What does the vaccine contain?
Depending on the manufacturer and target group, vaccines can be divided into the following groups:
- inactivated and “live”, that is, not containing a virus or containing a weakened influenza strain;
- containing and not containing preservatives.
It is better to select the necessary vaccine together with specialists: a therapist who will take into account all age indicators, the presence of diseases, changes in physiological conditions, and so on, and will advise the best option with the highest efficiency and low probability of complications. Selecting a vaccine on your own can lead not only to an insufficient level of protection, but also cause unnecessary consequences.
What are the benefits of getting a flu vaccine?
Vaccination in adults and children significantly reduces the likelihood of getting sick. Thus, among older people, a group of vaccinated patients not only become less likely to become infected with influenza and recover faster, but are also less likely to suffer from seasonal respiratory viral infections.
In the general population, vaccination is able to protect 80% of all age groups; in addition to this figure, increasing the number of vaccinated people reduces the pace and level of the epidemic, limiting the infection to a part of unvaccinated people.
In childhood, a correctly selected vaccine protects a child in 92% of cases of contact with the virus, that is, among vaccinated children, 92 out of 100 will not get the flu in a given season. A common complication of influenza in childhood - inflammation of the middle ear or - after vaccination is observed 30% less often among the group of those who have recovered from the disease, it occurs more easily and is cured faster, without becoming chronic.
Vaccination before pregnancy or directly during pregnancy (in the 2nd-3rd trimester) helps not only expectant mothers to stay healthy. Antibodies to influenza viruses produced by the mother's body are transferred to the child during pregnancy and lactation and help avoid infection for up to 6 months or more after birth.
Disadvantages of the flu shot
Proponents of a negative attitude towards influenza vaccination identify the following reasons for refusing annual preventive vaccination:
- the likelihood of a mismatch between the forecast of the most active strains and the real “culprit” of the influenza epidemic;
- additional load on the immune system during the autumn vaccination period, with the onset of hypovitaminosis and exacerbation of chronic diseases due to climate change, daylight hours, and the beginning of the spread of other infections;
- possible allergic reactions of the body both to chicken protein, on the basis of which viral cultures are grown, and to preservatives in vaccines;
- lack of 100% protection against infection even when vaccinated with a composition that corresponds to the seasonal specifics of viral types.
Who does the flu vaccination not help but harm?
There are contraindications to vaccination, in which the possible harm becomes greater than the benefits of immunizing the body. Such contraindications include the following conditions and characteristics of a person:
- allergic reactions to chicken egg whites, meat;
- diseases and pathologies of the nervous system, hematopoietic organs, endocrine system, urinary organs and tracts, heart, respiratory organs (in particular). In some cases, vaccination is strictly contraindicated: if the disease occurs in an acute form or the pathology has a significant effect on the body. With remission and a predicted stable condition, the issue of vaccination is resolved positively in most cases;
- pregnancy period up to 12 weeks for an inactivated vaccine, until the beginning of the third trimester for a weakened form;
- people with an individual negative reaction to a previous influenza vaccination.
The composition of the vaccine may have unexpected negative effects in the above cases. Some conditions and diseases, such as allergies to chicken protein or severe heart failure, are a complete indication for refusing vaccination; in other cases, the decision about the need for vaccination can be made individually.
Vaccination is not a 100% method of protection, but the flu shot has proven effective both in protecting against infection and in reducing the severity of the body’s reaction to the development of an invading pathogen. Regardless of the presence or absence of antibodies in the body, it is necessary to remember other preventive measures: frequent hand washing, taking multivitamins, including foods rich in vitamin C in the diet, drinking plenty of warm drinks, and a healthy lifestyle.
Very often, mothers of small children wonder: is it necessary to get vaccinated at such an early age? Adults also ask a similar question. It arose due to the fact that vaccination is not considered mandatory by law. There are two opinions on this matter. Some believe that it is necessary to vaccinate both children and adults according to the vaccination calendar, while others aggressively defend their reluctance to vaccinate. Who is right?
Are vaccinations necessary?
Vaccinations are required. They allow not only to protect young and adult bodies from infection, but also to prevent outbreaks of epidemics in children's groups. Vaccination allows you to acquire a certain immunity to some infectious diseases. When infected, a vaccinated person tolerates the disease much easier with a favorable outcome. If vaccinations are not given, the disease can kill up to 2/3 of the population. If collective immunity is created through vaccination, the incidence will not reach such large proportions and will gradually subside.
Most of the diseases for which vaccination is carried out are quite dangerous for the body not only of a child, but also of an adult. The consequences of past infections cannot always be eliminated. A person may become disabled after illness. One should not think that a vaccine is a panacea for infectious diseases. Vaccination allows you to survive the disease in a mild form if you become infected, eliminating the possibility of death.
It is impossible to say unequivocally whether a person should be vaccinated in a particular case. The decision whether or not to vaccinate is made taking into account several factors. Children's and adult bodies are individual. Therefore, sometimes it is necessary to make adjustments to the vaccination plan in a particular case. The timing of vaccination is changed if a person falls ill during the vaccination period. If he is vaccinated later, it will not affect the health of the baby and the adult.
Parents must decide whether their child needs vaccination. It all depends on the health status of the baby. It is more difficult to resolve the issue of flu vaccinations for children and adults. It is not mandatory and is not included in the vaccination schedule. There are a number of factors to consider when choosing a vaccine. Initially, you should study the forecast regarding the variety of viruses that will prevail this season. Incorrect selection of the drug reduces the effectiveness of vaccination by three times. Therefore, such vaccination will be ineffective.
After receiving a flu vaccine, a person with a weakened immune system may develop respiratory infections, but the risk of contracting the flu will be significantly lower. Influenza vaccination is not given to children under six months of age. It is recommended for older people, because at this age it is difficult for a person to fight viruses. At the time of making the decision to prescribe vaccination, there should be no exacerbations of chronic diseases. For babies up to one year old, split vaccines and subunit preparations are used. They are accepted by the body quite well, do not contain impurities and are not dangerous. Therefore, parents must decide on its necessity independently.
Why shouldn't you refuse vaccination?
The response to the administered vaccine depends on your health status, so before vaccination it is necessary to measure your temperature and consult a doctor. If a person is sick, the doctor draws up a medical report until he recovers. In this case, it is necessary to create a favorable environment for recovery, eliminating contact with sick people. The doctor controls the timing of vaccination and carries it out taking into account previous diseases. If you plan to travel to other countries, the vaccination schedule is adjusted. In this case, you will probably need to be vaccinated according to the vaccination list of the country you are planning to travel to. If the baby travels with his parents, he is also entitled to the appropriate vaccination.
The vaccines that come to us are fully certified and have approval from the Ministry of Health. All of them have been tested and have the highest preventive effectiveness. For their production, either living or weakened microorganisms are used. Vaccines vary slightly between companies. Redness at the injection site, fever and weakness are standard reactions to vaccination in adults and children. The degree of reaction to the drug is individual for everyone. With proper preparation of the vaccination schedule, the risk of side effects is minimal.
If a person gets sick often, it is necessary not only to postpone vaccination until better times, but to visit an immunologist. It is necessary to take an immunogram test, which will show the condition of the body. Based on this analysis, the immunologist will develop a scheme for restoring weakened immunity. Next, taking into account the state of health, it is worth getting vaccinated.
When choosing a flu vaccine, determine which virus structure is most likely to occur this season. Only this approach will completely protect a person from infection with dangerous mutations of the virus. The composition of infections changes every year, so choosing an effective vaccine for a child is quite difficult. It is done no later than three weeks before the planned outbreak of influenza. It should be remembered that in weakened people, the vaccine provokes an exacerbation of existing chronic diseases.
What vaccinations are required?
Each country has its own list of vaccines that are mandatory. This is due to the specifics of each region and living conditions. The opinion that a baby under one year old should not be vaccinated is considered incorrect. The argument is that the immune system has not yet strengthened. By the time the baby enters the team, it is necessary to receive a full range of vaccinations. They are in no hurry to take unvaccinated children into kindergarten and school.
If you do not follow the vaccine calendar, then by the time the child enters the team, the entire range of vaccinations must be completed in a short time. The load on the immune system increases. During the period of adaptation to kindergarten and school, the child begins to get sick more often, since the weakened body is not able to overcome viral infections. It should be remembered that some vaccinations are administered three times to properly develop immunity to the disease.
During the first few hours of life, the baby is vaccinated with hepatitis B, which is repeated at 6 months and 1 year. The child endures this vaccination the hardest. Therefore, for medical reasons, it can be refused until the baby is 5 years old in cases where it was not done in the maternity hospital. During the same period, the baby is given BCG. A child is vaccinated against measles every year.
Next, you need to take DPT, which protects the baby from whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria. As a rule, it is carried out in conjunction with polio vaccination. It is repeated every other year. If you have not been vaccinated against polio, during the period of revaccination in kindergarten, the baby should be excluded from the children's group for 40 days in order to avoid the possibility of vaccine-associated infection with this disease. At one and a half years old, it is necessary to vaccinate the baby against mumps (mumps).
Adults are not vaccinated as often due to the fact that immunity to infections is already formed in childhood. At age 24, you are vaccinated against measles and tetanus. Rubella vaccination is recommended for those who were not vaccinated in a timely manner in childhood, as well as for expectant mothers before a planned pregnancy. After 10 years, it is advisable to repeat it in order to develop lifelong resistance to infection.
The chickenpox vaccine is recommended for people who have not had chickenpox in childhood and who have children. A child can bring an infection from a children's group. It is done twice with an interval of 2 months. Adults are required to be vaccinated against hepatitis B every 10 years. Vaccination against pneumococcus is recommended for elderly people. Resistance to infection is developed for 5 years. Optional vaccinations include vaccination against the human papillomavirus. It is recommended for girls 13-14 years old and women up to 40 years old. This category includes vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis, meningococcal infection and yellow fever. These vaccinations are mandatory before traveling to exotic countries.
When should you not get vaccinated?
Vaccination is not given to a sick person. It should be postponed until recovery. It is recommended to vaccinate it approximately 2 weeks after recovery, when the body’s strength is restored after the disease. Vaccinations are not given if:
- there was an allergic reaction to the vaccine;
- weakened immunity;
- encephalopathy developed during DPT vaccination, in this case it is worthwhile to vaccinate without the pertussis component.
If there is a risk of an epidemic, vaccination is recommended. An infectious disease causes more harm to the body than a reaction to a vaccine. Therefore, it is recommended that vaccination be carried out according to the vaccination plan approved by the Ministry of Health.