Presentation pps Merry Christmas greetings. Christmas (Orthodox) is the only religious holiday that has become a state holiday in Russia
The history of the holiday
IN christian church from the end of the 2nd century until the 4th century, the events of Christmas were remembered on the day of Epiphany - January 6. Around the year 200, Clement of Alexandria mentioned this practice. The first reports of the appearance of a separate holiday of Christmas and its celebration on December 25 date back to the middle of the 4th century . According to one version, this was due to the desire of the Christian church to supplant the cult of the Invincible Sun, widespread in the Roman Empire, whose birth was celebrated on December 25 - then the winter solstice fell on this day.
Dates of celebration in various churches
Roman Catholic Church and majority Protestant churches celebrated on December 25 according to the modern Gregorian calendar.
Russian, Jerusalem, Serbian, Georgian orthodox churches and Athos, as well as the Eastern Catholic churches celebrate December 25 according to the Julian calendar (the so-called "old style"), which corresponds to January 7 of the modern Gregorian calendar.
Constantinople (except Athos), Antioch, Alexandria, Cyprus, Bulgarian, Romanian, Greek and some other Orthodox churches celebrate December 25 according to the New Julian calendar, which until March 1, 2800 will coincide with the Gregorian calendar, that is, simultaneously with other Christian denominations celebrating Christmas according to the “new style”.
Ancient Eastern churches celebrate Christmas on January 6 on the same day as the Epiphany under the common name of Epiphany.
States in which Christmas is a day off
One day off
- Armenia - January 6 rya
- Brazil - 25 Dec rya
- Georgia - January 7 rya
- Jordan - 25 Dec rya
- Kazakhstan - January 7 rya
- Kyrgyzstan - January 7 rya
- Macedonia - January 7 rya
- Mexico - 25 Dec rya
- Portugal - 25 Dec rya
- Russia - Jan. 7 (beginning with 1991 )
- The Republic of Korea - 25 Dec rya
- Serbia - January 7 rya
- USA - 25 Dec rya
- France - 25 Dec rya
- Ukraine - Jan. 7
Russian Christmas Eve
Christmas has been celebrated in Rus' since the 10th century. The evening from January 6 to 7 was called Christmas Eve. It was preceded by a strict fast that began on November 28. During these days, it was forbidden to eat anything fatty or meat until the first star appeared on January 6 - a symbol of the birth of Christ.
The first dish on the table was kutia, a sweet porridge made from rice cereal. The Christmas table was distinguished by its abundance. They invited as many guests as possible to the house, sang carols, and provided those who came with sweets, pastries, and sausages.
They always put “sochivo” on the table - a dish similar to kutya, but made from wheat grains. An indispensable attribute in the home was a sheaf of hay as a memory of the manger in which Christ was born. Homemade wine, beer, and brew were served as drinks.
In the celebration of Christmas in Rus' there are clearly visible pagan traditions. It was customary to light bonfires in honor of the victory of good over evil spirits. After January 7, the week of Christmastide began.
This period was considered the best for fortune telling, and all dreams that could be seen at this time were perceived as prophetic. And the carols and sowings themselves, which we still love so much, are nothing more than a tribute to the pagan god Kolyada, who personified the sun, which has turned to spring.
This is how you and I are still at the mercy of different ideas about the world, but they coexist perfectly in our life and in our soul.
German entertainment
In Germany, as throughout Catholic Europe, Christmas is celebrated on the night of December 24-25, but preparations take place a month before the holiday. This period is called “Advent”. A solemn service is held in churches, communion and repentance are performed.
The Germans love to decorate their premises with fabulous “nativity scenes” - small scenes based on Christmas themes. Here is the cave in which Christ was born, and the Christmas star, and even the Magi. Candles entwined with ribbons and biblical figures are hung on the doors.
A mandatory attribute is the branches of the mistletoe coniferous tree, from which round wreaths are woven and placed on the walls.
Toys in the shape of cucumbers and carrots are hung on the Christmas tree. Children must find cucumbers hidden in the needles, for which they receive additional gifts. Carrots are usually given to newlyweds as a symbol of well-being in the family.
And how can we do without Santa Claus, who brings gifts to children? Unlike the Russian Father Frost, he comes at Christmas, not New Year. On the eve of the holiday, it is customary to visit fairs where edible chestnuts, mulled wine, chocolate, and honey gingerbread are sold in abundance. Children are bought beautiful clothes and new clothes.
Each region of Germany has its own customs that differ from the generally accepted ones. And now we’ll find out how Christmas is celebrated in another European country, interesting for its traditions - France.
French log
In many ways, Christmas traditions in France coincide with those in other Catholic countries:
- the spruce is decorated with toys and balls;
- Christmas “dens” are installed in the home;
- Christmas-themed mini-performances are staged in churches.
Here are some Interesting Facts, which are inherent specifically in French celebration customs.
Interesting facts about Christmas in France
- Instead of Santa Claus, Pere Noel comes to the children. This character was “brought” to France by American soldiers during World War II.
- Another tradition appeared in France a long time ago, when logs were lit in fireplaces for heating in homes. At Christmas, they took the best log, carried it around the table with sentences, and then put it in the fireplace. Today, the real log has been replaced by a tasty roll of similar shape.
- In general, much attention is paid to the table in France. There are sweets, champagne, turkey and other delicious dishes.
Father Christmas from England
Christmas traditions in England may differ slightly from those in Europe, since the country is located on an island and contrasts itself with the rest of the continent. Instead of Santa Claus and Peer Noel, Father Christmas brings gifts to the children.
At night he puts souvenirs in children's socks, and the next morning the kids and their parents run into the living room to look at what he brought them. fairy tale hero. To appease Father Christmas, the children prepare for him a piece of meat pie, a glass of milk and a carrot.
Celebrate Christmas with family. Guests gather for lunch and celebrate around lunchtime. At the same time, the Queen's speech is broadcast on television. Traditionally, appetizers are served, followed by turkey cooked in currant sauce. For dessert - Christmas cake.
The main Christmas tree of Great Britain is installed in the main square of England - Trafalgar Square. Public celebrations also take place here. The day after Christmas is dedicated to St. Stephen. At this time, it is customary to give money and donations to the poor.
American generosity
In America (USA), Christmas is marked by massive lights and decorations on the streets. The homes of ordinary Americans are not far behind the shops, firms and various organizations. It has become a good tradition to hang an elegant wreath on the outside of the door of the house.
Americans give each other a huge number of gifts. It is for this reason that on the eve of Christmas, stores offer huge discounts, thanks to which high-quality products can be purchased at a price 2-3 times less than the usual price.
At home, Christmas is celebrated with close friends and relatives. Appetizers, salads, roast goose or turkey, pie or pudding are served on the table.
But no matter what Christmas is like different countries, it is united by a tradition common to all northern peoples - to celebrate the turning of the sun into spring and the victory of good over evil, as it originated in pagan times and only changed form with the advent of Christianity.
Celebration of Christmas by non-Christians
Among non-Christians, many cultures associate Christmas primarily with the tree, gift-giving, and making wishes. The custom of giving gifts at Christmas is strongly encouraged by sellers, which has led to the commercialization of Christmas. In the period leading up to Christmas, specialty store revenues can account for half or more of the rest of the year.
In most countries of the world, Christmas is a public holiday, or this day is declared a day off. This has been criticized by some members of other faiths and atheists as a violation of the right to freedom of conscience and the separation of religion and state. It should be noted that in countries where Christmas is not a national holiday, holidays of other religions are usually established as public holidays ( Morocco) or residents are deprived of the right to freedom of religion and state atheism is established on the communist model ( China).
IN USA public figure and atheist by conviction Richard Stallman suggested celebrating his birthday on December 25 Isaac Newton as a symbol of the triumph of human science.
In the Soviet Union and Russian Federation
Main article: Christmas in Russia
In the Soviet Union until 1929 Christmas was a public holiday and a day off and was celebrated according to the Gregorian calendar, but after weekends on religious holidays were abolished, most Christmas customs (tree, gifts) switched to celebrating New Year .
Once again, Christmas Day became a day off in 1991: in December 1990, the Supreme Council of the RSFSR issued a decree declaring the Orthodox holiday of Christmas a non-working day . Already January 7, 1991 was a non-working day. However, in some republics of the RSFSR, for example, Tatar ASSR, this is a resolution was ignored, and the day was recognized as working .
Through federal channels Russian television on Christmas night a solemn service is broadcast (after the restoration of the temple - from Cathedral of Christ the Savior).
Olga Berdova
Presentation “The Nativity of Christ”
Presentation« Nativity»
(captions for slides)
Target: introduce the origin Christmas holiday.
Tasks: To stimulate interest in the study of history holiday. Enrich children's vocabulary. Continue to develop a respectful attitude towards Orthodox traditions, national culture, and the culture of other peoples.
Slide number 3
On the occasion of the census, the Roman emperor ordered everyone to come to Bethlehem. The Blessed Virgin Mary also went with Joseph to Bethlehem, she waited birth child and when night came they could not find a rookery anywhere, because all the houses were crowded, and then at the end of the city they saw a cave in which there were shepherds. The son of God Jesus was born in this cave Christ, Mary swaddled him and put him in a manger, because there was no other place.
Slide number 4
At night, the shepherds saw an Angel in front of them in all the splendor of heavenly radiance. They were afraid, but the Angel told them said: “I proclaim to you great joy, in this city Jesus the Savior was born, you will recognize him by finding a baby wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger.
Slide number 5
The shepherds entered the cave and bowed to the Baby, glorifying and praising God for everything they heard and saw. And Mary kept in her heart everything that was said about the Child.
Slide number 6
Christmas family celebration , at the Divine Child Christians ask for all sorts of blessings for family and friends for a year, to holiday prepare gifts for each other, godparents visit their godchildren and give them gifts.
Slide number 7
The night before Merry Christmas songs are sung, children dress up and go from house to house and congratulate the owners on Merry Christmas, wishing them a fruitful year and all the best.
Slide number 8
Christmas is bright on the soul
Holiday Holy sun has risen
The skies are so clear, white day in the night;
Then the star sends rays to the baby in the manger!
The word became flesh for our troubles;
Nativity of Christ Eternal life light!
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“January 7 - Nativity of Christ” Today will be Christmas, The whole city is waiting for the mystery, It is dozing in the crystal frost And waiting for the magic to happen.
Abstract of the NOD “Nativity of Christ” Program content: 1. Consolidate knowledge about winter holidays with children ( New Year, Christmas, baptism, carols); about their main symbols.
Event in elementary school. "Nativity" EVENT “THE NATIVITY OF CHRIST” Objectives: 1. To acquaint students with the history of the celebration of the Nativity of Christ in Russia. 2. Cultivate feeling.
Purpose: 1. To acquaint children with elementary ideas about the religious Russian holiday of the Nativity of Christ; 2. To educate morals.
Feast of the Nativity of Christ In the Church, besides Easter, there are 12 major holidays. They are called the Twelve and the most important among them.
Entertainment "Christmas" Christmas entertainment. Goal: To create conditions for a positive emotional mood in children through an introduction to cultural tradition celebrations.
Scenario for the holiday "Christmas" Scenario of the Christmas holiday Attributes. Glowing stars. White scarves. Mummers' costumes. Felt boots. 2 snowballs. Star of Bethlehem.
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Slide captions:
Feast of the Nativity of Christ
Christmas in Russia is celebrated on January 7th. People celebrate the birth of the baby Jesus Christ.
History of the holiday The Roman emperor announced a population census. Everyone had to appear in the city where he was born, so the Blessed Virgin Mary and Joseph went to Bethlehem. They could not find accommodation for the night anywhere (all hotels were occupied).
At the end of the city they saw a cave and stopped there. In this cave, the son of God Jesus Christ was born, Mary wrapped Him in swaddling clothes and laid Him in a manger.
At night, the shepherds saw an Angel in front of them, he said: “I proclaim to you great joy, Jesus the Savior was born in this city, you will recognize Him by finding the Baby lying in the manger.”
The shepherds entered the cave and bowed to the Baby, glorifying and praising God for everything they heard and saw. And Mary kept in her heart everything that was said about the Child.
Christmas is a family holiday; Christians ask the Christ Child for blessings for their family and friends. They prepare gifts for each other for the holiday.
On the night before Christmas, people, singing songs, dress up and go from house to house, congratulating their owners on Christmas and wishing them a fruitful year and all the best.
Christmas Christmas Christmas! The soul is light. On the feast of the saint, the sun has risen. The skies are so clear - white day in the night. Then the star sends rays to the baby in the manger! The Word became flesh for our troubles. Nativity of Christ - Light of Eternal Life!
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Slide captions:
Nativity
Which illustration depicts the holiday of Christmas?
Christmas Eve At this time, believers do not eat until the first star appears.
SOCHIVO Those fasting could only eat sochivo on this day. This dish was prepared from cereals, poppy seeds, nuts, honey and water.
Caroling On Christmas evening, carolers (Christoslavs) went from house to house in cities and villages. They glorified the birth of the Savior with songs, wished their owners health and wealth, for which they received refreshments.
Magi Magi is an ancient name for stargazers. Three wise men-foretellers noticed in the sky new star and interpreted this as a sign of the birth of the Savior. Following the guiding star, they found the born Jesus Christ and his mother Mary in the city of Bethlehem.
The Monastery of St. Paul rises on Mount Athos. In the 14th century, this monastery was Slavic, and the daughter of the Serbian ruler George Brankovich, Maria, transferred to the monastery parts of gold, incense and myrrh, found in the Constantinople treasury of the Greek emperors, brought by the Magi as a gift to the Baby of Bethlehem, the Lord Jesus Christ.
The wise men Belshazzar, Gaspar, and Melchior brought gold, incense and myrrh as gifts to the newborn Christ. Gold was presented as a gift to kings. Frankincense, an expensive aromatic resin from a special tree, was offered in ancient times as a sign of great reverence. At that time, myrrh, an expensive incense, was used to anoint the deceased. So, the Magi brought Christ gold as a King, incense as God, myrrh as a Man.
The Bethlehem shepherds immediately learned about the birth of the Baby. After the Angel appeared to them with the heavenly army, they hurried to Bethlehem and were the first to worship the Infant Lord.
Star of Bethlehem The celestial body that hovered in the sky at the moment of the birth of Jesus Christ. With its unusual appearance, the star announced to the world that the prophecy about the coming of the Messiah had come true. This is a significant attribute of the celebration of Christmas among Christians and in the iconography of the “Nativity of Christ.”
How the spruce became a symbol of Christmas When the Savior was born in Bethlehem, people, animals and plants hurried to the cave. The trees gave the Baby their flowers, fruits and leaves. The spruce came last and stood to the side. She had nothing to give the Baby; she was afraid to prick Him with needles. Then the trees shared their gifts with the Spruce, and apples, nuts, bright flowers and green leaves began to show off on its branches.
Find on the icon: 1. The light of the Star of Bethlehem; 2. The Magi hurrying to Bethlehem; 3.Angel; 4. Cave with Mary and the newborn Christ; 5. Shepherds who came to worship the Savior.
The night before Christmas is magical! After all, fortunately, there are a majority of people who believe in miracles!
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Nativity
- Our Zimushka - Winter, unusually good, Everything around is covered with white, pure white snow, My soul is light and pure, because the holiday is near. We are all happy and at ease - today is Christmas! The Orthodox world rejoices, there is peace in the soul, everything triumphs. For more than two thousand years of the Nativity of Christ, the light has shown us the path to goodness and bestowed the spirit of love on us all. The Heavenly Angel brought the news - Rejoice with everyone, the Son of God Jesus Christ. Born in Bethlehem Not in a luxurious palace, no! In a simple sheep stable, the Lord Himself was born and became the Son of Man! Hey shepherds! Here! Hurry! The manger is shining with the sun, The Little One is lying - the King of kings, And the look is heavenly clear
- Grigory Gagarin. Nativity.
- And in the cave, where the torches did not go out all night, blinking and smoking, There the lambs saw in the manger a sleeping beautiful Child. That night all creation was in commotion, Birds sang in the midnight darkness. Announcing goodwill to everyone, the coming of peace on earth.
- The domes turn golden at sunrise And the narrow windows shine crimson. Like a ship in sails, the White Temple is beautiful, Like a swan in the sky, Majestic and joyful. The light morning fog melts away imperceptibly, Parishioners rush to the temple - they celebrate Christmas!
- Nativity. Natalia Sokolova
- Together with a bright Christmas, the Fairy Tale enters every home. The living world has been waiting with hope for this miracle all year. In the sky the stars dance, singing a bright hymn, And from the earth the churches echo them, the choirs fly to the heights like smoke. Good song, kind words The planet is illuminated, And in the middle of a cold winter, darkness will give way to light.
- On Christmas night I watch colorful dreams. I'm preparing a celebration from ancient times. I’ll put gifts under the tree for friends, I’ll crumble bread into the pigeons’ feeder. And I will smile at my mother: The task is not easy - I am learning to celebrate the Birth of Christ.
- Throughout December, villages in Rus' waited for the Bright Nativity of Christ. They prepared for it by purifying themselves by fasting
- Fasting prescribed abstinence not only from modest food, but also from bad deeds. At this time, weddings were not held, holidays, which were accompanied by fun and revelry, were not celebrated.
- Christmas Eve - Christmas Eve - was celebrated modestly both in the palaces of Russian emperors and in the huts of peasants. This day was spent in the strictest fast. They fasted all day - “until the star”, which showed the way to the Magi to the newborn Messiah. On this day, according to the church charter, it is allowed to eat boiled cereals without oil, that is, sochivo, which is why the day is called nomad, and in popular pronunciation - Christmas Eve. They also ate Lenten pies, wheat bread, dried fruits, and honey.
- Christmas tree
- At the end of the evening there is caroling. The carol was that village youth - boys, girls, teenagers - gathered in groups, dressed up in costumes, masks and went from house to house.
- Calls during caroling:
- The sparrow flies
- Twirls his tail,
- And you people know
- Cover the tables
- Receive guests
- Happy Christmas!
- Christmas, Christmas
- There's a lot of snow
- We're going to dig and make money.
- Open chests
- Serve the snouts
- Mistress with owner
- Happy holiday.
- Christmas sweets
- Resources used.
- http://www.inflora.ru/
- rebenok-vova.ru›?p=272
- rozhdestvenskie-gadanija.html
- strovskazok.ru›…rozhdestvenskie-gadaniy "Orthodox educational portal
- “Word”//Access mode: http://www.portal-slovo.ru/rus/pedagogics
- “Christian site “Kopilochka” // Access mode: http://www.kopilochka.net.ru
- Website “Nativity of Christ” // Access mode: http://rojdestvo.paskha.ru
- THANK YOU
- FOR ATTENTION!!!
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