T 150 tractors were created for efficient work on collective farms
Founded in the early years of the USSR, in the distant 1930, the Kharkov Tractor Plant is now a living legend of the Soviet, and now Ukrainian engineering. The plant not only has not lost its competitiveness, it has undergone a complete modernization, updated all manufactured models and today occupies a worthy place in the European tractor industry.
The history of the creation of a popular model
However, let's return to the past, in November 25, 1983 - the day when KhTZ released a tracked modification of its most famous and most demanded tractor. Of course, we are talking about the T 150 K wheeled tractor and its "caterpillar" embodiment. A difference of just one letter gave the country one of the most productive and efficient tracked agricultural units of the time.
Structurally, the new tractor, released as much as 10 years later than its wheeled counterpart, differed only in the chassis, suspension and gear shifting nuances. In part, its appearance was the result of the increased need of farmers for a reliable all-terrain vehicle that would have better performance indicators, would have less harmful effects on fertile soils, would not compact them and would not slip. Since the T 150K was at one time extremely popular, it was natural to assume that it was he who would become the basis for the creative search of KhTZ engineers.
The Soviet agro-industrialists liked the T 150 tracked tractor. In 1991, more than 57 machine-building enterprises of the Soviet Union, both civil and defense sectors, produced components and equipment for it.
Over the forty-year history, as soon as this tractor was not modernized: there was also a T 150E - a caterpillar tractor with a raised drive sprocket and a maximally reduced support area of the track belt, and a trial 2-link tractor, and an experimental model on rubber-metal tracks. But what is especially surprising, unlike their peers T 130, T 170, only T 150 continues its life and enjoys enviable popularity in the 21st century. Today it is a completely updated tracked Т 150-05-09-25, which was launched on the European market in spring 2012.
Main technical characteristics of the tractor
How much have the technical characteristics of a tractor changed in 40 years? The 1983 model was equipped with a diesel 4-stroke 6-cylinder turbocharged engine SMD-60. This is now no surprise with a short piston stroke and direct fuel injection, but in 1983. - everything was different. The design of the SMD-60 was so strikingly different from all the engines that existed before that the production of a tractor based on such an engine was a real triumph. The engine cylinders had a V-shaped arrangement, which significantly reduced the dimensions of the engine.
The engine was started from a single-cylinder gasoline engine equipped with a preheating unit. Today, such an ignition system is no longer relevant, but at that time it was a common occurrence. Absolutely all tractors of 2-6 traction classes produced in the USSR in the second half of the 20th century had starting engines. The engine power was quite tangible - 150 horsepower at a crankshaft speed of up to 2000 rpm.
Today the T 150 is equipped with a more powerful (up to 180 hp at 2100 rpm) Yaroslavl diesel 11.15 liter YaMZ-236D-3 engine. In the best traditions of its progenitor, the V-shaped design of the engine remained unchanged and moved to a new model. The starting system is one-stage, from an electric starter.
The first series of tractors was equipped with a mechanical hydraulic transmission. Gear shifting was carried out using a friction dry single-disc clutch. A hydraulic cylinder acted as a pressure device. While driving, when the operator needed to change gear, he squeezed out the clutch, which turned on the clutch for the next gear and only then turned off the clutch for the current gear. Thus, within a few seconds, both gears were simultaneously engaged, which made the shifting smooth and seamless. The role of the main gear was played by planetary gearboxes.
Depending on whether you just needed to transport the tractor, use it as a tractor or switch to working mode, the T 150 tractor was equipped with a gearbox with three forward ranges and one reverse range. The two-way gearbox opened up the opportunity for the operator to carry out a variety of maneuvers, since the gears for the left-hand and right-hand tracks could be selected independently. However, in addition to such technical advantages as greater reliability of the drive, a decrease in the total load, an increase in ground clearance up to 30 cm., A two-line gearbox made the tractor even more agile.
It was in this tractor model that a double way of turning was implemented: kinematic turning when different gears are engaged on each side and side - when the clutch is disengaged from the lagging side. Earlier (in the period from 1964, when it was invented, and until 1983, when the tractor was produced), the double turning method was used exclusively on tanks. Tellingly, in the modern version, the transmission of the T 150 tractor has undergone only a slight modernization, structurally unchanged and retaining the two-flow gearbox.
The dimensions of the tractor (DShV, m) also remained unchanged: 5x1.88x2.68. The operational weight of the T 150 tractor was 7.95 tons in the old version and 8.15 tons in the new one. The size of the track base is 1.8 m, and the track along the outer edge of the tracks is 1.435 m.
Design features
The chassis is based on a "breaking" frame. This design received this name due to the fact that its sections can rotate towards each other in two planes (by 18 degrees in the vertical and 30 degrees in the horizontal) due to the connecting hinge mechanism. The suspension of the chassis is sprung at the front and balanced at the rear. Hydraulic shock absorbers located on the front bearing assemblies of the balancers reduce shock, shock and vibration when traveling on uneven ground. The chassis is controlled by the steering wheel.
The modern T 150 tractor overcomes one of the main drawbacks of the old model - the shortened base size, which led to the galloping and "yaw" of the tractor. The increase in the base in the longitudinal plane made it possible to reduce the pressure of the tracks on the ground and make the movement of the tractor smoother, smoother.
The tractor attachment was and still remains quite effective, and therefore, since 1983. practically unchanged. A rear 2- and 3-point device and 2 brackets (trailed and harnessed) are provided for mounting the equipment on the tractor. The tractor can be equipped with agricultural units and machines, for example, a plow, a cultivator, a cultivator, a sprinkler, trailed wide-grip units, etc. The carrying capacity of the rear hitch is 3500 kgf.
Perhaps the biggest changes were in the cockpit. In 1983. before the manufacturers cared little about the comfort of work, since in those days it was considered an unnecessary luxury. Now the tractor cab is a closed metal mid-position structure, noise, hydro and heat insulated, equipped with heating systems, windshield blowing, wipers, and a rear-view mirror. The arrangement of the tractor controls and implements is optimized to the maximum for the operator's convenience. Seats (2 pcs.) Are adjustable for the driver's height, have a spring suspension. We can say with confidence that the new model is doing its best to match European counterparts in terms of build quality and comfort.
The price of a tractor T 150 of the old model varies from 250,000 rubles. up to 950,000 rubles, the new T 150-05-09-25 will cost 1,800,000 rubles. - 1,900,000 rubles.