When is Black Sea Fleet Day celebrated? Russian Navy Black Sea Fleet Day
In our country, every year on May 13, the Day of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation is celebrated. The beginning of this holiday was founded in 1996 in honor of the creation of the Black Sea Fleet.
The solemn celebration takes place every year on May 13, starting with laying flowers at the monument “300 years of the Russian Fleet”, then flowers are laid at the monuments to admirals Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev, Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov, Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov, and the also famous admiral of the Soviet Union Fleet Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov.
The curial for the fleet commanders is the Vladimir Cathedral; it is there that the sacred prayer service is held in the name of the fleet and the Black Sea sailors.
Black Sea Fleet history of the holiday May 13: foundation of the Black Sea Fleet
The most outstanding naval commanders were F. Ushakov, D. Senyavin, M. Lazarev and P. Nakhimov. The Black Sea Fleet acted proactively in the Russian-Turkish, Crimean and First World Wars. During the Second World War, the military of the Black Sea Fleet took part in the defense of Odessa, Sevastopol, the North Caucasus, the Novorossiysk-Taman operation, the liberation of Crimea, Nikolaev, Odessa, in Yasso-Kishinev and other battles.
The Black Sea Fleet took the date May 13 because it was on this day in 1783 that a squadron of eleven ships of the Azov Flotilla first entered the Akhtiar Bay of the Black Sea. Soon 17 ships of the Dnieper flotilla approached this squadron. It was these 28 ships that formed the core of the new Russian fleet. At this time, Akhtiarskaya Bay is called Sevastopol.
Black Sea Fleet history of the holiday May 13: history of the fleet in ancient times
The decree of the founding of the Black Sea Fleet was signed by Empress Catherine II after the annexation of Crimea to Russia. At that time, the fleet was led by Admiral Fyodor Klokachev. Admiral Klokachev was appointed head of the “fleet established in the Black and Azov Seas” on January 1, 1783.
The Englishman Rear Admiral Thomas Mekenzie (Foma Fomich) became the first commander of the Black Sea Fleet and the founder of Sevastopol. The Englishman entered Russian service in 1765 with the rank of captain-lieutenant. He took command of the Sevastopol squadron from Fyodor Klokachev in May 1783. Soon they began to build a port city on the shores of the bay, which became the main base of the Russian fleet. This city was named Sevastopol. And in Kherson they began to sell flotillas of warships, commanded by Fyodor Ushakov.
Having proven itself excellent in Russian wars with Turkey, France and other countries, the Black Sea Fleet suffered defeat in the Crimean War. After which a peace treaty was signed in Paris in 1856. In accordance with this agreement, Russia lost the right to locate a military fleet in the Black Sea.
According to the London Convention in 1871, the ban was lifted. After which Russia began to organize a steam armored fleet on the Black Sea.
At the end of the revolution in 1917, the White Guard troops, commanded by General Wrangel, withdrew more than 130 ships and vessels from Crimea abroad. In 1921, at the tenth congress of the RCP, a decision was made to revive the Black Sea Fleet. Its revival began after the complete liberation of Sevastopol on November 15, 1920.
Black Sea Fleet history of the holiday May 13: Black Sea Fleet in modern history
In modern history, the Black Sea Fleet had to go through a period of division of bases and ships between Russia and Ukraine.
The Presidents of Russia Boris Yeltsin and Ukraine Leonid Kravchuk signed an Agreement on April 15, 1994 in Moscow on a step-by-step solution to the problem of the Black Sea Fleet.
The agreement on the separate basing of the Russian Black Sea Fleet and the Ukrainian Naval Forces was signed by the presidents of Russia and Ukraine, Boris Yeltsin and Leonid Kuchma, on June 19, 1995 in Sochi.
The historical St. Andrew's flag was raised again on the ships of the Black Sea Fleet on June 2, 1997. In recent years, ships of the Black Sea Fleet have been conducting exercises, making long voyages to the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean, the Wordyou portal reports. They are found in the ports of the following countries: Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Syria, Italy, France, Greece, Malta, Serbia and Montenegro, Egypt, India and Lebanon.
Intergovernmental agreements approving the status and conditions of the presence of the Russian Black Sea Fleet on the territory of Ukraine were signed in Kyiv on May 28, 1997. Measures of division and mutual settlements related to the division of the fleet and the presence of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine were also determined. The documents provided for the presence of the Russian Black Sea Fleet at the base in Sevastopol until 2017.
An annual holiday celebrated in honor of the creation of the Black Sea Fleet. The day was established in 1996.
In the spring of 1783, after the annexation of Crimea to Russia, Empress Catherine II signed a decree establishing the Black Sea Fleet.
On May 13, 1783, 11 ships of the Azov flotilla under the command of Vice Admiral F.A., a participant in the Battle of Chesme, entered Akhtiarskaya Bay, located in the southwestern part of the Crimean Peninsula of the Black Sea. Klokacheva. Later they were joined by 17 ships of the Dnieper flotilla, these first 28 ships became the combat core of the nascent fleet.
The first staff of the Black Sea Fleet was approved in 1785. For 13 and a half thousand personnel there were: 12 battleships, 20 frigates, 5 schooners, 23 transport ships. The fleet was controlled by the Black Sea Admiralty, created in Kherson.
In 1784, by decree of Catherine II, the city of Akhtiar was given the name Sevastopol. Translated from Greek, the word “Sevastopol” means “majestic”.
Soon the city and port of Sevastopol became the main base of the Russian fleet on the Black Sea. The history of the fleet was glorified by outstanding Russian naval commanders: Fyodor Ushakov, Mikhail Lazarev, Pavel Nakhimov, Vladimir Istomin, Vladimir Kornilov.
Flag of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy
The sailors of the Black Sea Fleet became famous in many battles, defending the borders of the Motherland and successfully fulfilling the tasks assigned to them - in the Russian-Turkish War of 1787-1791, in the Crimean War of 1853-1856, in the First World War and, of course, during the Great War Patriotic War.
Today, the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy is the operational-strategic association of the Navy of the Russian Federation in the Black Sea. As an integral part of the country's Navy, it is a means of ensuring Russia's military security in the south.
To carry out its tasks, the Black Sea Fleet includes submarines, surface ships for operations in the ocean and near sea zones, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, and units of coastal troops. Its ship composition includes more than 2.5 thousand different ships - sailing, battleships, large missile, patrol, reconnaissance, landing, small missile, mine-sweeping ships, squadron battleships and destroyers, cruisers, submarines, sea hunters, gunboats , boats, rescue, auxiliary, hydrographic vessels and others.
Seagulls with clouds over the Black Sea,
And at sea - the glorious Black Sea fleet!
We congratulate you with heartfelt verses,
You are our pride, glory and stronghold!
Let from a sailor to a general
It’s easy to serve and make friends with you,
So that trouble does not arise before you,
And the glory rose high!
We wish you love and understanding,
Heartfelt meetings and devoted friends,
Excellent service, joyful dates,
The boiling waves and the firm beat of the heart!
On May 13, Black Sea sailors celebrate their holiday. It was on this day back in 1783 that 11 warships of the Azov flotilla entered Akhtiarskaya Bay (the southwestern part of the Crimea peninsula). The ships were commanded by Vice Admiral Fedot Klokachev, who later became the commander of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Empire. Fedot Alekseevich Klokachev is known for his victories at sea and for the fact that he is the first holder of the Order of St. George among sailors in the state.
Considering the fact that May 13 is considered the birthday of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, this very day became the official date for celebrating the Day of the Russian Black Sea Fleet. The holiday was introduced into the calendar of new Russia in 1996.
For the second year in a row, Black Sea sailors celebrate the day of the Russian Black Sea Fleet at all fleet bases, while at home - after the reunification of Crimea and Sevastopol with Russia. For a certain time, Russia had to rent the Sevastopol base of the Russian Black Sea Fleet from Ukraine, and Kiev tried to use this situation to put pressure on Moscow, either to reduce gas prices, or for openly political purposes, trying to negotiate for itself more and more dividends, while threatening termination of the agreement on the presence of a Russian Black Sea Fleet base on the Crimean Peninsula. From the moment when Crimea and Sevastopol returned to their homeland, all the talk that Ukraine plans to terminate the agreement on the lease of the Sevastopol Russian Navy base before the deadline disappeared.
What is the Black Sea Fleet today? This is an operational-strategic formation of the Russian Navy, ensuring the security of Russia on the southern borders.
The Ministry of Defense sets the following tasks for the sailors of the Black Sea Fleet:
protection of the economic zone of the Russian Federation and areas of production activity, suppression of illegal production and economic activities;
ensuring the safety of navigation on the Black Sea;
implementation of foreign policy actions of the Russian government in economically important areas of the World Ocean. We are talking about friendly visits, business visits, joint exercises, and actions as part of peacekeeping forces.
The Black Sea Fleet solves these problems using the forces and means at its disposal. These are not only surface ships for operations in the near sea and ocean zones, diesel-electric submarines, but also units of coastal troops, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft. Due to the increasing frequency of calls by NATO ships into the Black Sea, the activity of units, units and formations of the Russian Black Sea Fleet has increased significantly.
A couple of days before the holiday of Black Sea sailors, the crews of several ships of the Russian Black Sea Fleet began joint exercises with Chinese sailors. The main phase of the Maritime Cooperation 2015 exercise will take place in the Mediterranean Sea. The Russian naval group at the joint exercises is led by the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet, the missile cruiser Moskva.
In addition to it, patrol ships and landing ships of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, as well as a rescue tug and a missile hovercraft, are taking part in the exercises. On the Chinese side, three ships of the PRC fleet (Naval Forces of the People's Liberation Army of China - PLA) are taking part in "Maritime Cooperation 2015".
Russian-Chinese joint exercises have already caused a negative reaction in a number of Western countries. The US and EU said that Moscow and Beijing “should not have chosen” the Mediterranean region for joint exercises, as it allegedly looks like an unfriendly act and a provocation against NATO countries. It’s strange why the same USA and the European Union say nothing about unfriendly acts and provocations when ships of NATO countries (for example, the USA or France) sail the Black Sea, conduct exercises near the coast of China, and generally appear anywhere in the world’s oceans, where they deem it necessary?..
Returning to the holiday... One of the Russian cities where the celebration of Black Sea Fleet Day will be held on a special scale will be Sevastopol. Here, on May 13, events are planned to lay wreaths at the monuments to the Black Sea sailors, as well as at the monument erected in honor of Empress Catherine II, during whose reign not only the Russian Black Sea Fleet was formed, but also the city of Sevastopol itself. City authorities say that festive concerts are planned for May 13, 2015, as well as meetings with naval veterans.
A series of ceremonial events will also be held at another base of the Russian Black Sea Fleet - in Novorossiysk.
"Military Review" congratulates the sailors and veterans of the Russian Black Sea Fleet (USSR) on the holiday!
"On the introduction of annual holidays and professional days in the specialty."
The Black Sea Fleet (BSF) is the operational-strategic association of the Russian Navy in the Black Sea, and is a means of ensuring Russia’s military security in the south of the country. To carry out its tasks, the Black Sea Fleet includes diesel submarines, surface ships for operations in the ocean and near sea zones, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, and units of coastal troops.
The history of the origin and formation of the Black Sea Fleet dates back to the second half of the 18th century, when Russia achieved major successes in the struggle for access to the seas and established itself on the shores of the Azov and Black Seas. In 1773, the Black Sea squadron, created on the basis of the Azov flotilla, successfully operated on the Black Sea. She was based in Kerch and carried out cruising service in two detachments between Balaklava, Feodosia and Sudzhuk-Kale (now Novorossiysk).
The squadron consisted of small vessels that were unable to withstand the Turkish fleet on the high seas. In this regard, on December 22 (December 11, old style), 1775, a decree of Catherine II was issued, which determined the main directions for the construction of the fleet on the Black Sea. In 1778, the city of Kherson with a shipyard was founded to build deep-drawn sea vessels and bring them directly into the Black Sea.
At this time, despite the peace treaty signed in 1774, a complex diplomatic struggle for Crimea unfolded between Russia and Turkey. As a result of hard work and comprehensive justification, supported by decisive movements of Russian troops, on April 19 (April 8, old style), 1783, Catherine II issued a manifesto on the annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire.
To protect the lands conquered from Turkey and ensure navigation on the Black Sea, Russia needed a strong fleet. For a long time there was a search for convenient places to base the main forces of the fleet. One of these bays turned out to be Akhtiarskaya, located on the southwestern coast of the Crimean Peninsula, near the ruins of ancient Chersonesus.
On May 13 (May 2, old style), 1783, a squadron of five frigates and eight other ships of the Azov flotilla arrived in Akhtiarskaya Bay under the command of Vice Admiral Fedot Klokachev, appointed in January 1783 commander of the “fleet established in the Black and Azov Seas.” Since that time, the naval forces in the south of Russia began to be called the Black Sea Fleet (BSF), and the date of entry of the forces of the Azov flotilla into Akhtiar Bay is generally considered to be the day of the creation of the Black Sea Fleet.
Akhtiarskaya Bay became the main base for the fleet's ships. On June 14 (June 3, old style), 1783, the first four buildings of the future city and port were laid in a solemn ceremony. Initially it was called Akhtiar (White Cliff), and then, in accordance with the decree of Catherine II of February 21 (February 10, old style) 1784, it was named Sevastopol ("Worthy City").
In 1785, the first staff of the Black Sea Fleet was approved, according to which it was to have 12 battleships, 20 large frigates, five combat schooners, 18 transport and auxiliary vessels.
In the 18th-19th centuries, the Black Sea Fleet successfully operated in the wars of Russia with Turkey, France and other states (victories at Fidonisi, Kaliakria, Corfu, in the Athonite and Sinop naval battles, and others). Black Sea sailors fought valiantly during the Sevastopol defense of 1854-1855. After defeat in the Crimean War of 1853-1856, Russia lost the right to have a navy in the Black Sea.
Only after these restrictions were lifted in 1871 did it begin to create the Black Sea Fleet under the program of building a steam armored fleet.
By the beginning of the twentieth century, the Black Sea Fleet had become a serious fighting force in southern Russia. By the fall of 1917, it consisted of 177 warships and had a transport flotilla.
Sailors of the Black Sea Fleet took an active part in the revolutionary events of 1917, and from the spring of 1918 they participated in the fight against the advancing forces of German troops. After the occupation of Crimea and Sevastopol, the Black Sea Fleet relocated to Novorossiysk, where, in order to avoid capture by the Germans, almost all the ships were scuttled in June 1918.
In May 1920, the Naval Forces of the Black and Azov Seas were formed as part of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet (RKKF) (from January 1935 - again the Black Sea Fleet). The restoration of the Black Sea Fleet began, strengthening it with ships transferred from the Baltic. In 1929-1937, he received more than 500 warships of various classes, hundreds of combat aircraft. An air force (AF), coastal defense and an air defense system for the Black Sea Fleet were created.
By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), the Black Sea Fleet included the battleship "Paris Commune" (later renamed "Sevastopol"), the cruisers "Red Crimea", "Voroshilov", "Molotov", three leaders, 14 destroyers, 47 submarines, 15 minesweepers, four gunboats, two patrol ships, a minelayer, 34 torpedo boats, ten hunter boats, auxiliary vessels.
The naval air force consisted of 625 aircraft.
During the war, the Black Sea Fleet defended bases and the coast, protected its communications, acted on enemy communications, and carried out air strikes on its coastal facilities. Together with the ground forces, he defended Odessa, Sevastopol, Novorossiysk, Tuapse, participated in the battle for the Caucasus, in the Kerch-Feodosia and Kerch-Eltigen landing operations. Subsequently, he took part in the Novorossiysk-Taman, Crimean, Odessa, and Yassy-Kishinev operations. During the war, the fleet conducted 24 landing operations, 835 enemy ships and vessels were sunk, and 539 were damaged. For military merits, 18 ships, units and formations of the Black Sea Fleet were awarded the title of Guards, and 228 Black Sea soldiers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Subsequently, having restored the infrastructure destroyed by the war, the Black Sea Fleet carried out tasks to protect the southern borders of the country. Ships, submarines and fleet aircraft performed combat service missions in various areas of the World Ocean. In 1965, the Black Sea Fleet was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.
After the collapse of the USSR, from August 1992, the Black Sea Fleet existed as a united (Russian Federation and Ukraine). According to the bilateral agreements on the Black Sea Fleet of 1995 and 1997, on its basis, the Russian Black Sea Fleet and the Ukrainian Navy were created with separate basing, and the status of the Russian fleet on the territory of Ukraine was determined.
On June 12, 1997, the historical St. Andrew's flag was again raised on the ships of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, under which the Black Sea sailors resumed their participation in long-distance voyages not only in the Mediterranean Sea, but also in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans.
In 2010, the Black Sea Fleet organizationally became part of the Southern Military District.
The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources
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Holidays are constant companions of people's life. Holidays for us are an opportunity to bring joy to loved ones! And of course, a holiday is not a calendar concept, it happens where it is felt, where it is expected. A lot has changed in our lives in recent years, but people's craving for holidays remains an important phenomenon for any person.
Every year on May 13, our country celebrates the Day of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation. This holiday was established in 1996 in honor of the creation of the Black Sea Fleet.
History of the Black Sea Fleet
The history of the Black Sea Fleet is integrally connected with the names of such outstanding naval commanders as: Fedor Ushakov, Dmitry Senyavin, Mikhail Lazarev and Pyotr Nakhimov. This fleet actively participated in the Russian-Turkish, Crimean and First World Wars. During the Great Patriotic War, Black Sea Fleet sailors took part in such operations as: the defense of Odessa, Sevastopol, the North Caucasus, the Novorossiysk-Taman operation, the liberation of Crimea, Nikolaev, Odessa, Yasso-Kishinevskaya, etc.
The date May 13 for the Day of the Black Sea Fleet was chosen for the reason that on this day in 1783, a squadron of 11 ships of the Azov flotilla entered the Akhtiar Bay of the Black Sea for the first time. Today Akhtiarskaya Bay is called Sevastopol Bay.
Soon they were joined by 17 more ships of the Dnieper flotilla. These 28 ships formed the core of the new Russian fleet.
Empress Catherine II signed a decree establishing the Black Sea Fleet after the annexation of Crimea to Russia. The squadron was commanded by Admiral Fyodor Klokachev. On January 1, 1783, Vice Admiral Fedot Klokachev, who had previously distinguished himself in the Battle of Chesma, was appointed commander of the “fleet established in the Black and Azov Seas.”
![](https://i0.wp.com/inmoment.ru/img/holidays/day-black-sea-fleet2.jpg)
The first commander of the Black Sea Fleet and the founder of Sevastopol was Rear Admiral Thomas (Foma Fomich) Mekenzie. This Englishman entered the Russian service in 1765 with the rank of captain-lieutenant. In May 1783, he took command of the Sevastopol squadron from Fyodor Klokachev. Soon, a port city began to be built on the shores of the bay, which became the main base of the Russian fleet. This city was named Sevastopol.
In Kherson they began to create flotillas of warships, commanded by Fyodor Ushakov.
The Black Sea Fleet performed well in Russian wars with Turkey, France and other countries. However, this fleet was defeated in the Crimean War. After this, in 1856 a peace treaty was signed in Paris. According to this document, Russia lost the right to own a military fleet in the Black Sea.
In 1871, this ban was lifted in accordance with the London Convention. After this, Russia began to create a steam armored fleet in the Black Sea.
After the revolution of 1917, White Guard troops under the command of General Wrangel withdrew more than 130 ships and vessels from Crimea abroad. In 1921, at the Tenth Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), a decision was made to restore the Black Sea Fleet. Its restoration began only after the final liberation of Sevastopol on November 15, 1920.
![](https://i1.wp.com/inmoment.ru/img/holidays/day-black-sea-fleet3.jpg)
In modern history, the Black Sea Fleet had to go through a very difficult period of division of bases and ships between Russia and Ukraine.
In Moscow on April 15, 1994, Russian Presidents Boris Yeltsin and Leonid Kravchuk signed an Agreement on a phased settlement of the Black Sea Fleet problem.
On June 9, 1995, in Sochi, the presidents of Russia and Ukraine, Boris Yeltsin and Leonid Kuchma, signed an Agreement on the separate basing of the Russian Black Sea Fleet of Russia and the Ukrainian Navy. In Kyiv on May 28, 1997, intergovernmental agreements were signed approving the status and conditions of the presence of the Russian Black Sea Fleet on the territory of Ukraine. The parameters for dividing the Black Sea Fleet and mutual settlements related to the division of the fleet and the presence of the Russian Black Sea Fleet on the territory of Ukraine were also established. These documents provide for the presence of the Russian Black Sea Fleet at the base in Sevastopol until 2017.
On June 12, 1997, the historical St. Andrew's flag was raised again on ships of the Black Sea Fleet.
![](https://i1.wp.com/inmoment.ru/img/holidays/day-black-sea-fleet4.jpg)
In recent years, Black Sea Fleet ships have been conducting exercises and making long voyages to the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean. They visit ports of such countries as: Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Syria, Italy, France, Greece, Malta, Serbia and Montenegro, Egypt, India and Lebanon.
The Black Sea Fleet includes surface attack, patrol, landing, missile, anti-submarine, minesweepers, submarines, air force, as well as coastal missile and artillery troops, marines, rescue forces and auxiliary vessels. In terms of their combat characteristics, some ships have no analogues in the world.
According to tradition, ceremonial events are held on May 13, Black Sea Fleet Day. They begin with laying flowers at the memorial sign “300 years of the Russian Navy.” Then the monuments to the famous admirals M.P. are visited. Lazarev, P.S. Nakhimov, F.F. Ushakov and Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union N.G. Kuznetsov. After this, in the Vladimir Cathedral, which is the tomb of Russian admirals, a solemn prayer service is held in honor of the fleet and Black Sea sailors.
We cordially congratulate all the personnel of the Black Sea Fleet on May 13, the Day of the Formation of the Russian Black Sea Fleet!
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