Raspberries are usually planted and cared for in the fall. How to plant raspberries in the fall: secrets and important points when planting
Juicy, aromatic raspberries are a favorite summer treat for children and adults. They are eaten fresh, prepared into fragrant wine and jam, marmalade, and used to decorate confectionery products. The leaves of the subshrub are dried to make medicinal tea. The berries contain vitamins, antioxidants, organic acids and others. useful material. Thanks to these qualities, the culture has spread widely in summer cottages. Experienced gardeners have long noted that planting raspberries in the fall significantly increases yield and durability. To achieve good result, it is important to plant seedlings correctly and provide them with the necessary care. You will find all the necessary information on this issue in the materials of the article.
Raspberry – description, photo
The culture, although different from apple and pear trees, belongs to the same family - Pink. It is a deciduous subshrub with a strong woody rhizome producing biennial shoots. Wild relatives grow in forests, bushes, and near water bodies. Until now, scientists cannot determine the exact homeland of the plant; most sources indicate that this is Central Europe.
The height of erect shoots is from 1.5 to 2.5 m. The powerful branching rhizome system actively grows shoots. Each stem has a two-year lifespan life cycle. In the first year of growing season, the stems have a herbaceous character. They are characterized by juiciness, green color and the presence of a bluish waxy coating. Each branch is covered with tiny thorns. In the second year of vegetation, the shoot becomes woody, acquiring a brown tint. In most traditional cultivars, fruiting occurs on shoots of the second year of life, but there are exceptions, for example, remontant varieties. After fruiting, the two-year-old branch dries out and must be pruned, but there is no need to worry, since the rhizome will grow new young branches in the spring.
Is different appearance standard raspberries. It looks more like a miniature tree, the shoots are so strong. This plant requires special care, which consists of proper formation. The big advantage of this variety is the absence of thorns.
The foliage mass is represented by complex leaves consisting of 3-7 ovoid lobes. Each leaf underneath is covered with tiny hairs, making it appear silvery-white. The upper part of the plates is a rich dark green color. The leaves are attached to the stem by petioles and arranged in a regular order.
The flowering period varies depending on the variety, but most cultivars bloom in the first half of summer. White, inconspicuous flowers reach a diameter of 1 cm. The petals of the corolla are shorter than the calyx. Flowering attracts a lot of pollinators to the garden. Insects collect nectar, increasing productivity by 70-100%. Raspberry honey is incredibly healthy, has a pleasant aroma and taste. The buds are collected in a brush-shaped inflorescence located at the crown of the stem, in the leaf axils.
The drupe fruits grow together to form a complex berry. The color of the fruit is not limited to the classic red range; now there are a lot of cultivars with yellow, pink and black berries. The harvest appears on the branches of the second year. During the first year of the growing season, the shoots lay buds, and in the second year fruit branches grow from them.
Know! Remontant varieties are characterized by fruiting on both annual and biennial stems.
In addition to traditional culinary use and fresh consumption, the aromatic berries are used in medicine. Natural raw materials have diaphoretic properties and improve taste medicines. Everyone knows about the anti-inflammatory properties of aromatic berries, because we all remember how in childhood our parents and grandmothers brought tea with fragrant raspberry jam when they had a cold. Such a sweet potion quickly put me on my feet, returning to my usual way of life. To enjoy the aroma of summer, be sure to plant several raspberry bushes on your site, and you will learn how to do this below.
Features of growing raspberries
The plant bears fruit even without care, this can be judged by the wild forest raspberries. But only compliance with the rules of planting and care can ensure a decent harvest. The most important point in agricultural technology is rationing of shoots. If you remove two-year-old branches every year after fruiting, the productivity of the bushes will increase significantly. This rule applies to all cultivars; without pruning, the raspberry tree will become neglected, and standard varieties will turn into spreading bushes.
It is important to constantly feed the subshrub, because its powerful root system quickly depletes the supply of nutrients from the soil. If potassium and phosphorus are added only once every few years, then nitrogen must be supplied to the plant every spring. It is also mandatory to carry out preventive treatment against diseases and pests.
Attention! When choosing a site, be sure to observe crop rotation.
When is it better to plant raspberries in autumn or spring, what is the difference?
Experienced gardeners have long come to a consensus on this complex issue. Beginners should know that the timing of planting does not depend on the varietal of the seedling, but on the climatic conditions of the cultivation region. Although bushes can be planted at any time, it is better to adhere to the authoritative opinion of experienced farmers.
Spring planting is recommended for regions with harsh climatic conditions. Siberia and the Urals can easily be included in this category. The short autumn is not enough for the seedlings to fully take root, so it is better to plant in the spring. The spring period in Siberia and the Urals is prolonged, the soil takes a long time to thaw, and the accumulated moisture remains. It is these conditions that favor the rooting process.
Planting activities are carried out after the snow cover has melted. It is important not to waste time, because the root system must develop well before the leaves bloom. Otherwise, the plant will expend double strength to ensure root growth and leaf development. Therefore, the work is carried out in April-May, depending on weather conditions.
Know! After spring planting, it is important to monitor soil moisture levels. A lack of moisture threatens young shoots with death.
In central Russia and the southern regions, planting work is usually carried out in the fall. The autumn period is favorable for the growth of side roots responsible for rooting. Southern autumn is warmer and longer, and spring flies by quickly, quickly depleting moisture reserves in the soil.
A big advantage of autumn planting is the availability of a wide range of planting material in fruit nurseries. And also the opportunity to thoroughly prepare the site, because the harvest has already been harvested and gardeners have less trouble. If you plant the bushes on time, they will definitely take root and have time to get stronger before winter. Young specimens need to organize a reliable shelter, then you will certainly get a good harvest.
The best varieties in terms of yield and endurance
For most gardeners, the productivity of the cultivar comes first; for beginners, it is important to avoid serious problems when growing the crop. Fortunately, there are varieties that not only have high yields, but also tolerate harsh conditions and are resistant to various diseases. We invite you to study information about the most popular varieties of classic, remontant and standard raspberries.
Among the classic cultivars, gardeners are most fond of:
- Cumberland. This hybrid is characterized by high winter hardiness. It is often used for decorative purposes, since the plant is distinguished by graceful arched branches. Unusual dark-colored berries taste and smell like blackberries. Product quality and transportability are excellent. The yield ranges from 4 to 6 kg per specimen. The cultivar does not form root suckers, which makes maintenance much easier.
- Mirage. A medium-sized variety whose shoots are covered with soft reddish thorns. The yield is high, the fruits weigh 5-6 g. The shape of the berries is elongated-conical, the color is red. Mirage has a strong immunity to fungi and is not susceptible to pest invasion.
- Hussar. Dark red berries ripen in medium terms. The drupes are tightly knit and have a harmonious taste. Does not need support, tolerates harsh winters well. It is not damaged by pests and diseases and produces a small number of root shoots.
- Kuzmin's news. The cultivar is ideal for central Russia. Productivity is average, fruiting is stable; the berries are bright crimson, very sweet, weight 5-7 g. The threshold for winter hardiness is high.
- Diamond. A highly productive variety produces up to 3 kg of large ruby-colored fruits. The berry weight is 5-7 g, the taste is sweet with a refreshing sourness. The surface of the fruit is glossy.
- Yellow giant. One of the best yellow-fruited hybrids. Despite the average productivity, it bears fruit consistently. It is distinguished by increased endurance and tall growth. Large sweet fruits are practically seedless.
- The beauty of Russia. New on the fruit crops market. Bright red, glossy, elongated fruits weigh over 10 grams. The increased density of drupes allows the harvest to be transported over long distances. In addition to its incredibly sweet taste, Krasa Rossii has a rich raspberry aroma. Bears over 5 kg of fruit. Even if damaged by pests or fungi, productivity does not change.
- Vega. A tall subshrub reaches a height of 2.5 m. It produces a large number of stems with small thorns. The yield is average, the fruits are small, weight up to 4 g. The taste is dessert, the application is universal. The shape of the berries is round, the color is bright crimson. The advantages of Vega include winter hardiness and strong immunity to fungi.
- Barnaulskaya. Very sweet small berries taste like wild ones. The characteristic aroma will appeal to lovers of natural products. Winters well in Siberia.
- Patricia. The variety was bred by Moscow breeders 20 years ago. The harvest ripens early, the returns are friendly. The fruits are large, 10-12 grams, dense and very juicy. The sweet taste and unique aroma are preserved even after processing. Frost resistance is high.
Important! When choosing a variety, consider not only the desired result, but also the growing conditions. Select adapted cultivars.
From remontant varieties gardeners prefer:
- Kalashnik. Large spreading bushes tend to grow quickly. Productivity is very high, the harvest is medium in size, dark red with a shiny surface. It can easily be transported and does not crumble for a long time. The berries are sweet, but the aroma is very weak. Ripening dates occur in early and mid-autumn. For the winter, the above-ground part of the bush must be removed.
- Polka. The productivity of this hybrid, bred by Polish scientists, exceeds all imaginable dimensions. Fruiting occurs in August and continues until the end of the season. Large scarlet berries have a harmonious taste and rich aroma, are easy to transport, and retain their shape after defrosting. Unpretentiousness, frost resistance, complex resistance to pests and diseases are the advantages of Polka.
- Hercules. From the first half of August, large ruby fruits weighing over 10 g appear on the branches. The taste characteristics and transportability are excellent. Hercules is frost-hardy, disease-resistant, and not affected by pests.
- Bryansk miracle. An unpretentious remontant hybrid with elongated red-pink berries weighing 8-11 g. Very popular among gardeners due to its unpretentiousness, frost resistance, and strong immunity. Fruiting is later, ripening continues until the end of the season. The taste characteristics are highly appreciated by experts. The juicy sweet pulp has a delicate sourness and delicate aroma.
- Mulatto. Complex resistance to diseases and pests, abundant fruiting and the unique sweet and sour taste of dark burgundy fruits make this variety a welcome guest in the garden.
- Indian summer. Repairable cultivar with late fruiting. Large red fruits appear towards the end of summer. The taste is excellent. High resistance to diseases and pests.
- Amber sadko. By the end of August, raspberry branches droop under a heavy harvest of amber hue. Ripening continues until hard frosts. The two-meter shrub is prone to rapid growth. High-yielding, winter-hardy hybrid.
Remember! Remontant varieties require special care. Without fertilizing, they quickly deplete the soil.
Raspberry trees are not so widespread among gardeners. The standard variety appeared on the market not so long ago, so it has not yet gained particular popularity. High care requirements stop beginners from buying a raspberry tree, but for those who decide to purchase such an unusual crop, we recommend paying attention to the following varieties: Glen Ampl, Skazka, Tarusa, Penguin, Bogatyr.
Planting raspberries in autumn
This section of the article will describe in detail the methods of planting crops depending on the available planting material. You will learn what place on the site to allocate for raspberries, when to plant and how to prepare the soil.
Raspberry planting dates in autumn
If the climatic conditions of your region are favorable for autumn planting, you should know exactly when to carry out the work. Landing takes place from mid-September to the end of the first ten days of October. But you should take care of preparing the site in advance about a month and a half before the planned event.
Selecting a location, soil requirements
The representative of the Pink family is very light-loving. When there is a lack of sunlight, its young stems become very elongated, shading the two-year-old fruiting shoots. This affects the quantity and quality of the harvest. Fruit crops tend to accumulate sugar only under the influence of solar radiation. A shaded area will lead to the formation of sour berries.
It is important to choose a flat place or part of the garden with a slight slope. If the bushes are planted in lowlands, moisture stagnation is likely, leading to rotting of the root system. When planted at higher elevations, the European visitor will almost certainly lack moisture.
Each variety has certain preferences for soil composition, but there are still general requirements. The substrate should be light and fertile. Cultivated loams and chernozem are suitable. The soil acidity level should be in the range of 5.8-6.5, i.e. the plant prefers slightly acidic soils.
Attention! Be responsible when choosing a site for a raspberry tree, because the subshrub will grow on it for up to 10 years.
Crop rotation is also important for the crop. After a certain period of time, the raspberry tree must be rejuvenated and replanted, but the bushes are not placed in the place of the old growth; the land must rest for at least 5 years. Planting is not done in an area where representatives of the Solanaceae family grew - tomatoes, bell pepper, potato. Strawberries are also not suitable as a predecessor, because the plants have common pests and get sick from the same pathogens. A place where root vegetables, currants, representatives of the legume family, cereals, and chokeberry grew would be suitable.
Preparing the soil for planting
6 weeks before planting the bushes, the area is dug up using a shovel and weeds are removed. But before this, the soil is enriched with organic matter and mineral fertilizers. The consumption of compost or rotted manure per square meter of area ranges from 10 to 30 kg, depending on the initial condition of the soil. Peat soils require the addition of 3-4 buckets of sand. Evenly distribute 200 grams of superphosphate and the same amount of potassium sulfate (per 1 m2) over the surface of the area. After that, start digging.
Preparation of planting material
The material is purchased only at the fruit nursery. This measure will protect you from a mismatched or diseased specimen.
Important! As planting material, you can use purchased seedlings or cuttings separated from the rhizome.
Purchasing canopy seedlings is not difficult, but it is important to choose them correctly. Buy an annual plant with a well-formed root lobe.
Make sure there is no damage, signs of damage by pests, or disease. Remember that annual twigs are herbaceous and bend easily. There should be no growths or damaged areas on the roots. If long-term transportation is required, the root system is wrapped in a damp cloth and a plastic bag is placed on top. Immediately before planting, the roots are dipped in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for half an hour, and then dipped in a clay mash.
Methods for planting raspberries
You can plant semi-shrubs not only in the traditional way. To obtain a compacted raspberry tree, planting is carried out using the strip or trench method. Let's consider the nuances of each method.
Bush
Planting each bush in a separate hole is a classic method. To do this, dig holes 30-40 cm deep and about half a meter in diameter in the prepared area. The pits are placed at a distance of 70-100 cm. When forming several rows, 1.5-2 m are left between them.
Further actions depend on how you took care of preparing the site. If you have not fertilized the soil, fill the planting hole with a soil mixture consisting of fertile soil, a bucket of humus, 200 g of phosphorus fertilizer and 100 g of potash.
Advice! The phosphorus-potassium mixture can be replaced with wood ash. It will require 150 grams.
If fertilizers were applied during digging, there is no need to put them in the hole. A layer of fertile soil is poured into the bottom of the hole and the substrate is flavored with wood ash. After this, a bucket of water is poured into the hole, 2 seedlings are placed, straightening the roots. Add the required amount of soil, compact it and water it abundantly.
After the liquid is absorbed, the surface is mulched with straw or humus, and initial pruning is carried out. Before planting, support poles are installed near the holes at intervals of 4 m. With the arrival of spring, a wire is pulled at a height of 1 m from the soil surface.
Trench
Planting bushes in trenches will make caring for the bushes easier. It is performed as follows:
- in the selected area from north to south, mark a trench of arbitrary length;
- ditch depth 50-60 cm, width 0.5 m, spacing between rows 1.5-2 m;
- To prevent the ditch from crumbling, lay long boards or cover the perimeter with roofing felt;
- install support posts 120 cm high, stretch 2 rows of wire at 50 cm increments;
- bushes are planted at a distance of 80-100 cm;
- Place a drainage layer of crushed stone 10 cm high at the bottom of the trench. Pour fertile soil mixture on top;
- place the seedlings in the trench and add the required amount of soil;
- After compacting the substrate, carefully water the young shoots so that the soil does not sag;
- tie the plants to the bottom wire.
Attention! In the future, tie one-year-old shoots to the first row of wire, and two-year-old shoots to the second. This technique will facilitate harvesting and the process of annual pruning.
Tape
The strip method of planting seedlings is optimal for gardeners who want to reap a good harvest from a small area. The method is very similar to the trench method, but differs in the placement of more plants. In this case, the width of the ditch depends on the need to obtain young growth. If you do not want to remove root suckers every year, form a narrow ribbon 40-45 cm wide. Wider tapes reach 1 m and provide maximum yield, but they are much more difficult to care for.
Dig a trench of the required length and width, the depth of the ditch is 40 cm. Fill the trench with a nutritious soil mixture and plant the bushes in increments of 30-50 cm. Fertilizers can be applied beforehand or during the planting process. Compact the substrate and water. Pull the wire support.
Planting raspberries in autumn using cuttings
There is no need to spend money on planting material; it is easy to grow it yourself. Cuttings are a great way to get new individuals.
For this propagation method, green cuttings 10-15 cm long are used. Each branch should have 2-3 leaves. The material is prepared at the beginning of summer.
The shoots are placed in a solution of a growth stimulator for 12 hours, and then planted in a shallow container filled with a mixture of peat and sand. The greenhouse is covered with film and a high level of humidity is maintained. Temperature background is not less than 22⁰C. Rooting occurs within a month, when young foliage appears on the branches, they can be accustomed to environmental conditions. Plant the cuttings in the garden, and in the fall in a permanent place.
On a note! If replacement buds appear on the cuttings by autumn, the material is ready for planting. It is preferable to use the bush method.
How to plant raspberry seedlings in the fall
To plant seedlings, you need to decide on the method of cultivating them. If in doubt, use the bush method. If you want to make caring for raspberries easier, use the trench method. If you want to harvest a large harvest, use the tape method. How to perform planting work is described above.
Planting remontant raspberries in autumn
If your choice falls on a remontant variety, choose a strip or bush planting method. The depth of the hole or trench directly depends on the size of the root system, because among the remontant varieties there are also standard varieties. The step between the holes will remain the same - from 70 to 100 cm, in the trench the step will be 50 cm. Row spacing is left bigger size 2-2.5 m to provide the remontant variety with uniform lighting.
Caring for raspberries after planting
Autumn is the time of bud formation. During this period, the subshrub especially needs moisture. If natural precipitation falls in sufficient quantities, additional irrigation is not required. If there is a long absence of precipitation, regularly water the raspberry tree so that the soil gets wet to a depth of 30 cm. Before wintering, water-recharging watering is required. It will provide the bush with the necessary amount of moisture and increase winter hardiness.
Attention! Fertilizing is not advisable since you have already loaded the required amount of fertilizer into the planting holes.
Autumn treatment will help you avoid troubles with diseases and pests next season. The above-ground part of the plant is sprayed with Karbofos solution. The drug will destroy pests. The causative agents of fungal diseases will be destroyed by watering the soil with a 1% solution of copper sulfate.
Pruning raspberries in autumn
Immediately after planting, large seedlings are shortened to a height of 1 m. If you are rejuvenating a raspberry tree and planted adult fruit-bearing specimens, be sure to remove woody branches. To maintain their viability, the plant spends the energy that is necessary for rooting and preparing for winter. The cut shoots are burned to destroy possible sources of infection.
Possible problems when planting raspberries in autumn
The main problem that gardeners face when planting in autumn is the freezing of the crop. Organizing a winter shelter will help protect young shoots from this scourge. After the first frost, carefully bend the branches to the ground and secure them to the bottom wire on the support.
Before doing this, be sure to remove the leaf cover by running your protected hand from bottom to top. Do not remove foliage in the opposite direction, as this will damage the buds. The procedure will help to avoid bud rotting during sudden temperature fluctuations. Remove plant debris from the tree trunk area; to protect the root system, mulch the space under the bushes with humus. During the winter, monitor the level of snow cover and carry out winter hilling by throwing snow on top.
Advice! Do not mulch the root space with straw. This material will become a haven for rodents.
The nuances of autumn planting raspberries in open ground in Siberia, Kuban, and the Vologda region
The climatic conditions of Siberia do not imply autumn planting; it is better to do planting work at the end of summer. Then the young shoots will have enough time to take root. It is also important to choose varieties adapted to the area. They are distinguished by a high threshold of frost resistance.
Before wintering, be sure to carry out moisture-recharging irrigation. It is better to organize an air-dry shelter by stretching covering material over a frame made of plastic stacks. Place dry leaves inside the frame.
Kuban gardeners recommend planting subshrubs in deep furrows, but they do not need to be completely filled with substrate. This method helps retain snow cover and accumulate a sufficient amount of moisture in the soil. The optimal time for planting is in November.
The Vologda region is located in central Russia, the climatic conditions are moderate continental. It is better to do autumn work by the end of September with obligatory shelter for the winter. The type of shelter depends on weather conditions; to ensure that the raspberries are protected from freezing, use an air-dry shelter.
Conclusion
Planting raspberries in the fall helps gardeners to take a thorough approach to organizing the process. Plants that have strengthened over the winter quickly adapt and will soon delight you with a good harvest.
Planting raspberries in autumn video
Raspberry seedlings planted in autumn produce better growth and are more productive than those planted in spring. However, there are many factors to consider when planting. We'll tell you which ones exactly.
Most often, gardeners plant raspberries in the spring, but autumn planting has a significant advantage over spring - all other things being equal, planting seedlings in September-October will provide the berry with better survival rate and higher yield.
Raspberry planting dates in autumn
It is impossible to give a clear answer to the question of when to plant raspberries. The specific timing depends on several factors: climate zone, weather conditions, raspberry variety.
It is necessary to plant seedlings 15-20 days before the onset of frost. In the middle zone, the planting period for this shrub usually falls at the end of September – mid-October; in warmer regions it can be planted until the end of October.
The main criterion by which the readiness of seedlings is determined is the appearance of replacement buds on the root collar. In early varieties they can appear as early as mid-September, in late varieties - by the end of the month.
If you miss the moment and plant raspberries too late, they will not have time to take root well and in a harsh snowless winter the seedling may die.
Preparing the site for autumn planting of raspberries
This berry bush will thrive in a sunny, draft-free corner of the garden.
Ideally, the place for planting raspberries is prepared in advance, 2 years in advance. If there is such a possibility, before planting the seedlings, they are sown in the selected area.
If the decision to plant raspberries was made spontaneously, and you don’t want to wait two years, choose areas for this crop where perennial grasses previously grew.
Raspberries cannot be planted immediately after strawberries and nightshades!
Raspberries prefer loamy and sandy soils. If your site is acidic, the increased acidity must be corrected by liming. To do this, fluff, ground limestone, marl, burnt lime, and dolomite are added to the ground. Lime promotes the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil and improves the structure of the soil.
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How to choose raspberry seedlings?
Only healthy seedlings can be the key to an excellent harvest. A weak, diseased seedling will not grow into a strong plant that will produce a good harvest. Therefore, the choice of planting material must be approached responsibly.
A high-quality raspberry seedling should be a 20-centimeter shoot with a diameter of at least 5 mm with a well-developed root system.
Purchased bushes should be placed in water for two days, and dried stems should be cut off before planting. Immediately before burying the seedling, its roots are dipped in a mullein solution (1:10).
Bush method of planting raspberry seedlings
Bush planting of raspberries (in a separate hole) is one of the most common methods. It is perfect if you don’t have room in your garden for a raspberry “plantation” and you plan to plant several bushes in different places.
First of all, it is necessary to make markings using twine, leaving an interval of 0.7-0.9 m between plants, and 1.5-2 m between rows.
After this, you should dig holes measuring 30x30x30 cm. Add 3-5 kg of compost or humus, 30-35 g of superphosphate and 20-25 g of potassium salt into each of them.
Fertilizers in the pit are mixed with the top fertile layer of soil. Then depressions are formed in the ground. The roots of the seedling are lightly shaken and straightened. The seedling is placed in the center of the hole so that the root system occupies the entire space. Raspberries are buried so that the replacement bud is 2-3 cm below ground level.
After planting, the soil around the seedling is lightly trampled down, and 5 liters of water are poured under the bush.
Tape method of planting raspberry seedlings
Gardeners consider strip planting raspberries (in trenches) a convenient and effective way.
To mark the rows, ropes are pulled in the direction from south to north with row spacing of 2.0-2.5 m. Next, a trench is dug 40 cm wide and deep.
For 1 linear meter of trench, the same amount of fertilizer is consumed as in one hole for bush planting (3-5 kg of manure, 30-35 g of superphosphate, 20-25 g of potassium salt). Then the fertilizers are mixed with the top fertile layer of soil.
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Prepared raspberry seedlings are placed in a trench at a distance of 30-75 cm from each other.
A tight fit speeds up the filling of the trench. But the most convenient for maintenance are belts with a width of 0.4-0.8 m.
Before planting, the soil must be loosened for a more rational distribution of moisture in it. With the strip method, raspberry seedlings are planted several centimeters deeper than they grew before. Then the soil is trampled down well so that there are no voids left between the roots. The planted plants are watered at the rate of 0.5 liters of water per bush.
There are raspberry varieties that quickly form shoots ( Muscona, Lazarevskaya, Meteor, Kirzhach, Shosha). They should be planted less frequently, every 0.5-0.75 m. Varieties with low shoot-forming characteristics ( Kokinskaya, Ottawa, Stolichnaya, Kenby, Taganka) are placed more often, at intervals of 0.3-0.35 m.
A trellis is often installed along the dug trench, to which young bushes are tied as they grow.
Caring for raspberry seedlings
After planting, the raspberry bushes are pruned to a height of 20-25 cm. This will improve their survival rate and promote the formation of new shoots in the spring.
Raspberries are a medicinal and incredibly tasty berry. Her beneficial features known since ancient times. It is not only eaten fresh, but also added to various baked goods, various preserves and jams are prepared from it, and also ground with honey and nuts. And from dried raspberry leaves they brew tea, which is very useful for colds.
Even though growing raspberries is a very labor-intensive process that requires constant care, raspberries can be found in almost all garden plots, because their berries are not only very useful for colds, but also very tasty. Raspberry is a rather unpretentious shrub, and with proper and competent care it can bear fruit for up to twelve years. Raspberry seedlings can be planted almost all year round (except winter), but it is very important to know all the rules and follow all the nuances of planting in a certain season. This article will discuss in detail how to properly plant raspberry seedlings in the autumn, and why this time is considered the best time for planting.
Autumn planting of raspberry seedlings - advantages
Is it possible to correctly determine in which season of the year (spring or autumn) it is best to plant raspberry seedlings? It is possible, for this it is necessary to compare the survival conditions of newly planted plants.
In the spring, quite intense movement of juices begins in plants along the trunk. The roots of newly planted bushes are completely unable to cope with the provision of moisture and necessary substances, and therefore it takes longer and takes longer to take root. This does not happen when planting raspberry seedlings in the autumn, when the root system itself grows, which contributes to the excellent strengthening of the bush. Another not unimportant disadvantage of planting in the spring is the strong dependence on the weather, because in the spring it is characterized by frequent variability, and in the autumn the weather is rainy and not very hot. But in order for planting raspberry seedlings at any time of the year to be successful and painless, it is very important to follow the basic rules of agricultural technology.
Planting raspberries in autumn - basic rules
For planting in autumn, it is recommended to use annual root shoots that grew from adventitious buds on the roots of mother plants. They are usually harvested in the fall and planted immediately. Before planting, it is necessary to inspect all the roots of the prepared seedlings and remove those that are too long and damaged. To ensure that raspberry seedlings do not get sick as a result of planting and grow well, you should adhere to the following recommendations:
- Choose the right place for planting. The place should be well protected from the winds, since in winter the wind blows snow, and newly planted bushes can easily die from frost. And with well-draining, moist loam soil. Raspberries do not like darkness, so the chosen place should be sunny. Of course, it can bear fruit in the shade, but the harvest will be meager and the berries will be small.
- You also need to pay attention to the raspberry neighbors. And what is already growing or will grow next to the bushes. Tomatoes, potatoes and strawberries are susceptible to the same diseases as raspberries. But currants and gooseberries can become excellent neighbors.
- It is recommended to begin planting seedlings when replacement buds appear on the root collar; the time of their appearance directly depends on the variety. This can be determined by the complete fall of all the leaves, which indicates the cessation of plant growth. The most optimal time for planting raspberries in the autumn is considered to be the second half of September or October, but always no later than two weeks before the soil freezes.
- Before planting, you should prepare the soil:
- The selected area must be carefully dug up and leveled;
- Carefully dig a trench one meter wide and thirty centimeters deep, and as long as you need:
- Carefully cover it with compost or humus, fertile soil, or with manure.
- Choosing a planting scheme. Bush or strip it is often also called trench. With the bush method, a separate hole is dug in advance for each individual seedling, and with the trench method, one trench is dug for all raspberry shoots. Planting raspberries using the trench method is not so troublesome and time-consuming. Since raspberries most often grow in one place for ten to twelve years, raspberry seedlings should be planted according to a pre-developed planting scheme, which necessarily provides that there should be at least one and a half to two meters between the rows, and fifty to eighty between the bushes themselves centimeters.
- Before lowering the seedling into the planting hole, its roots must be carefully straightened and ensure that when filling the hole the roots of the seedling do not bend upward.
- After the seedlings are planted, it is recommended to cover them with a nutrient mixture, for example, one bucket of humus, fifteen grams of potassium chloride and fifty grams of superphosphates, and trample them down to such an extent that the root collar is level with the soil surface.
- Next, you need to trim the trunk, leaving no more than fifteen centimeters above the ground. There is no need to be afraid to do pruning, one shoot grows for a year and a half, so updating the plant is not only very useful, but also this pruning of raspberries when planting seedlings is required for good development root system of raspberry bushes.
- Then pour five to seven liters of water onto each raspberry bush.
- In order to prevent plants from bulging, which can lead to damage to the lower buds in winter, you need to hill up each bush by ten to fifteen centimeters.
- Under raspberries, the entire area of soil should be mulched with sawdust, peat, chopped straw or plastic film. The quality of planting raspberry seedlings can be checked; to do this, just pull it up; if it does not sit quite firmly, it means that it was not planted correctly and it must be replanted so that it does not die in the winter.
Proper planting of raspberry seedlings in the autumn and organizing the necessary care for them in the future will provide you with not only a healthy, but also a large and tasty annual harvest of this berry.
Useful tips when planting raspberry seedlings in a new place
- The most basic and important rule is the correct choice of site for planting seedlings. It should be level and located on a well-drained slope anywhere in the garden plot. The main thing is that it is protected from the winds as much as possible. On southern slopes, raspberries can also grow magnificently, the main thing is to water them on time.
- Wet and damp places are not suitable for raspberries; it is better to plant them along the fence, as there they can produce a lot of shoots.
- The most optimal soil for raspberry seedlings is considered to be leached loamy chernozem, which is rich in chernozem and moisture-retentive.
- It is also recommended to check the groundwater level before planting. With a high indicator, raspberries will bear fruit poorly. The most optimal indicator is considered to be a level of one and a half meters.
- Raspberries can be planted not only in autumn, but also in spring.
- For autumn planting of raspberry seedlings, the soil must be prepared a month in advance.
- The main preparation of the soil consists of deep cultivation and filling it with fertilizers. You must first remove the humus and dig the soil at least thirty centimeters deep. It would not be superfluous to add abundant phosphorus potash fertilizers and composts at least forty to fifty grams per square meter.
- The soil for planting raspberry seedlings should be well fertilized with humus, soft and loose.
- The soil should be thoroughly cleared of weeds.
- For planting, it is recommended to select annual raspberry seedlings, whose root system is at least twenty centimeters in length, and the above-ground part is at least ten mm. in thickness. Selected seedlings should have their shoots shortened to twenty centimeters.
- If there is a shortage of planting material, you can use root sections or horse cuttings.
- It is recommended to plant raspberries in neat rows at a distance of more than a meter from each other.
- The distance in the rows directly depends on the cultivation method. With the strip method, plants are usually planted at a distance of thirty to forty centimeters, with the bush method at a distance of sixty to eighty centimeters.
- When planting, you do not need to dig holes that are too deep, since if the plant is too deep, shoots may simply not appear. They should be of such a size that the roots of the seedlings fit into them. The roots must be evenly distributed along the bottom of the hole, so that the soil adheres to them as tightly as possible; when backfilling, the soil should be lightly compacted and the seedlings should be lifted up.
- After planting, water the raspberries generously. In order to prevent the plants from freezing during the winter, they need to be covered with earth to a height of at least ten to fifteen centimeters.
Planting material
Another important nuance when planting raspberries in the autumn is the planting material itself. You need to know what exactly to plant and what planting material will be the most productive. Most often, experts, when it comes to planting raspberry seedlings in the fall, recommend for this process choosing not very large, but expensive bushes that have at least a dozen shoots, and thin or medium-sized seedlings that have no more than three mature stems and developed fibrous root system. Before planting, they should be trimmed so that their length does not exceed thirty-five centimeters.
Quite often, when planting new raspberry seedlings in the autumn, many gardeners are at the same time replanting some raspberry bushes in a new place. Raspberry transplantation is carried out at the same time as planting seedlings. The most important thing is to select in advance powerful and young bushes that have well-developed roots; they must be pruned at a level of one meter from the roots. At the same time as transplanting raspberry bushes, you can easily prepare root cuttings.
Correct installation of the trellis
Along with recommendations for correct landing When growing raspberry seedlings in the autumn, it is often recommended to garter the raspberries after planting them. Basically, with the trench planting method, seedlings are tied up according to the trellis principle. In this case, it is customary to plant the bushes at a distance of at least seventy centimeters from each other, placing two seedlings in one hole, and making the distance between the rows more than one and a half meters, but not more than two, so that the raspberries receive enough sunlight.
Along the edges of the rows, you need to drive poles, and at a height of one meter between them, stretch galvanized wire with a cross-section of at least four ml. or cord. If the rows are too long, then you need to install a couple of additional columns. Raspberry shoots are tightly tied to a stretched wire at a distance of ten centimeters from each other. Next year it is necessary to stretch two more wires, but at a height of thirty centimeters and one and a half meters. The bottom wire is required for tying young offspring bent down for the winter. And the top wire is needed to tie taller shoots to it. A trellis is a structure made of columns of wire or cord and raspberry stems tied to it. This design makes it possible to compactly and neatly place raspberry bushes and provide them with even access to sunlight.
With the right and competent approach to planting raspberries in the autumn, you can reap a fairly decent harvest the following year. All that remains is to protect as much as possible all young and newly planted raspberry seedlings from excess moisture and cold weather; to do this, it is necessary to carefully cover the root system with fallen leaves, and the shoots themselves with polyethylene, which is carefully stretched over the frame.
The beneficial properties of the berries of this unpretentious plant have long been known. Raspberries can grow anywhere, but without good care, the number of berries on them becomes less and less every year. A good gardener replants raspberries once every five years, as the plant's yield gradually decreases. But not everyone knows how to plant raspberries correctly. Below we will share tips on how to plant raspberries and care for them in order to get a large harvest every season.
How to plant raspberries in the fall
We choose the landing dates. Raspberries can be planted at any time of the year, except winter. But planting raspberries in the fall is considered the most favorable time, since the air temperature during this period is constantly moderate and it often rains. These conditions are important for good rooting of the plant. If planting was carried out 20 days before the arrival of cold weather, then the plant has time to take root within this period.
Choosing a landing site
Under natural conditions, raspberries grow well on plains or slopes. Raspberries grow very strongly, so the ideal place for them would be the side of your garden plot.
- You should not grow tomatoes, potatoes, or strawberries next to raspberries.
- You can plant raspberries in the area where currants or gooseberries, onions, and legumes used to grow.
- The plant loves bright places with good humidity; do not plant raspberries in the shade.
Soil preparation
Before planting raspberries in the fall, you need to prepare the soil 1 or 2 months in advance:
- Raspberries are very demanding on soil quality. It is necessary to dig up the soil well to a depth of 30 cm and apply fertilizer: 8 kg of humus or 10 kg of manure per 1 m2. You can also use mineral and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.
- Raspberries are planted in slightly acidic soil. If the soil is heavy, it is good to add sand.
- Before planting the plant, it is necessary to remove all weeds from the soil, especially wheatgrass.
Preparing the site
How to plant raspberries correctly: in trenches or in separate holes - the choice is yours. Raspberries are planted in rows, maintaining a distance between them of at least two meters. We dig holes for the plant with a diameter of 50 cm and a depth of up to 40 cm. The distance between them is left 50 cm. At the bottom of each hole we put 4 kg of humus, superphosphate and potassium salt, taken in equal parts. Sprinkle fertilizer with a small layer of soil 10 cm.
Planting material
- For planting we use annual raspberry bushes.
- The old root system should be cut off, and the new roots should be shaken and straightened.
- Remove all leaves. We trim the plant so that it is up to 25 cm high.
- Place the roots of the bush in water to saturate them with moisture.
- Root sections can be used as planting material.
Landing technique
- We plant the plant in dry soil, first carefully straightening all the roots of the plant. It is important that they are in close contact with the ground. To do this, when planting, gradually compact the soil in layers, shaking the plant. Small seedlings can be planted together, two in one hole. You should not deepen the plants too much, as in this case new shoots may not grow. Once planting is complete, make sure the plant is firmly planted in the soil.
- Next, we create a hole around the bush and water it abundantly at the rate of 5-7 liters of water for each bush. In the following days you can spray the plants.
- A good way to root raspberries is to mulch with rabbit droppings, which helps maintain good moisture and reduces the appearance of weeds.
- We tie up the plant. For good development of raspberries, we create a special fence for them - a trellis. It consists of posts along seedlings about 1 or 1.5 meters high, connected with wire. The plant is tied to the wire.
- Before the winter period, the plant should be well hilled to a height of 20 cm. By doing this, we create protection against freezing of the bushes.
Pruning raspberry bushes
The plant should be pruned annually in the spring. This gives the bushes a beautiful appearance, and the berries become large and sweet. It is good to leave seven shoots on each raspberry bush. Remove the old ones and tie the new ones to the trellis. We shorten healthy plants to 40 cm, and completely remove diseased shoots affected by the fungus.
Video of pruning raspberries for the winter
Despite the fact that raspberries have very tasty berries, they are quite unpretentious. If the conditions for its cultivation are brought as close as possible to natural ones, then a good harvest is guaranteed after some time.
Raspberries should be located in a sunny area.
It should be taken into account that raspberries love plenty of water, fertile, loose soil, and places that are reliably protected from frosty winds.
- First of all, you need to choose the right place on the site to plant raspberries. Despite the fact that the shrub grows well in the shade, the harvest will be small.
- For a raspberry plant, the site should be sunny and protected from winds blowing from the north.
- Sandy soil, which will be needed every year, is not ideal for planting raspberries.
- Drained, light loamy soil will benefit. With such soil the fruits will grow well.
Dependence of planting time on climatic conditions
Depending on climatic conditions, the time for planting shrubs varies.
- In the south of Russia hot summer, warm autumn, which results in warm soil. The last two weeks of September and the first half of October, according to many gardeners, are the ideal time for planting. Before frost, the raspberries will have time to produce young roots, and in the spring they will stretch out and begin to develop better. Dry and hot spring is quite short. Seedlings planted at this time will not have time to bud and take root. A small amount of moisture in the soil will lead to the fact that young shrubs will not take root and will die.
- Climate of the northern regions in spring it is wet and long, which is favorable conditions for planting seedlings. It is not recommended to plant plants in autumn, as there is a high probability of the bushes freezing.
- Residents of central Russia It doesn’t matter when to plant berries. It produces a good harvest regardless of what time of year it is planted. However, seedlings planted in the fall take root better. Planted in the first two weeks of October, seedlings become strong before the onset of winter. If the first snow is late, it is possible to lose the crop due to freezing.
In central Russia, it is better to plant raspberries in the fall.
Black raspberry , loves to be planted in the spring, as it is a slightly winter-hardy variety.
Features of autumn planting
For autumn planting, annual shoots of roots grown on the roots of mother plants are required. Inspect the roots. If they are too long and damaged, they are cut off.
The success of seedling adoption depends on a suitable location.
If planted correctly, the berries will appear in the summer.
- Planting should be done when replacement buds can be seen on the root collar of the seedling. Basically, this period begins with the falling of leaves, which indicates the cessation of growth of the seedling. Approximately two weeks before the onset of frost it is necessary to plant.
- Next you need to prepare the soil and mark the rows. If the soil where the shrubs are planted is heavy, then it is softened with gravel or sand. When the bush is lowered to the planting site, they monitor the straightening of the roots. Afterwards, you need to fill the bushes with a nutrient mixture and trample them down. The next step is to prune the seedlings, which is necessary for good root development.
- Then pour half a bucket onto each raspberry bush, hill it up and sprinkle the entire area generously with sawdust, fine straw or peat.
- To check the quality of planting, you need to carefully pull the bush. If it yields, then it needs to be replanted. Otherwise, it will freeze in the cold.
- If planting is done correctly, the first berries will appear in the summer.
Features of spring planting
After the soil thaws, the bushes begin to have increased sap flow. Dryness and heat come unexpectedly in spring. Due to the presence of small leaves, seedlings that are planted in the spring take root very slowly.
When planting, replacement shoots break. For its growth, it takes all the nutrients from the bush itself. And poorly developed roots do not have the ability to provide liquid to the entire plant. The only thing that comes to the rescue is something quite low, down to the buds that have not started to grow.
Raspberries planted in spring in May.
Bushes with medium-sized shoots are ideal for planting.. When buying seedlings, it is recommended to choose small specimens with several mature stems and a well-developed fibrous root system.
Planting methods
When the exact time for planting seedlings has been determined, it is necessary to study the planting method.
Before planting, you need to familiarize yourself with planting methods.
There are three types:
- private, in other words joint;
- cluster, that is, separate;
- in a container.
Ordinary method
Most gardeners plant raspberries in rows.
Gardeners recommend the ordinary method for its feasibility and convenience.. It is ideal for growing raspberries for sale. The ordinary method can be pit and trench. The trench method provides excellent results.
Nutrients and substances are uniformly supplied to the plants in equal quantities. Trenches must be dug three weeks before planting. The areas are thoroughly cleared of weeds, rotted manure is placed in a layer of about 9 centimeters, and it is covered with double superphosphate. Next, add vermicompost and fertile soil. Gardeners advise covering everything with ash for a better taste of the berries.
Bush method
Some gardeners use the bush method. Seedlings need to be planted at a distance of about 1.6 meters.
Bush method of planting raspberries.
Every year the number of trunks in the bush grows, which makes it possible to produce about ten developed shoots in the fourth year. Weak shoots must be cut out. The separate growing method is good because it makes the raspberry bushes much fluffier.
Planting raspberries in a container
If you have a small garden and a great desire to plant different varieties For raspberries, a good option is to plant bushes in plastic or metal containers. The diameter and height of the vessel should be 50 centimeters.
It is necessary to cut off the bottom of the container and dig it into the hole. The container is filled with rotted manure and fertile soil. With this method, the shoots do not grow, which gives the gardener the opportunity to plant other plants.
The container needs to be filled with rotted manure.
No more than 1.9 meters between rows.
- So that the shoots do not break or sag under the weight of a large number of berries, the bush needs to be supported .
- The distance between rows should be no more than 1.9 meters , and between seedlings thirty centimeters is enough. It is allowed to dig small holes at a distance of 75 centimeters in which two plants will be planted. This distance is considered optimal due to the fact that not all shrubs survive.
- Along the edges of the rows you need to install pillars , and with long rows it is necessary to drive in supports every 400 centimeters.
- When is the first year of raspberry growth? , at a level of one hundred centimeters from the ground, a wire covered with slight rust is pulled. New wire is not suitable as the bushes may slip.
- Every year you need to add two rows of wire . The first row should be thirty centimeters from the ground, and the second row should be one and a half meters from the ground. Tie the bushes with rope or pieces of copper wire at a distance of no more than ten centimeters from each other.
- A competent approach to soil selection , responsible planting of raspberries, following the recommendations guarantees a large harvest of berries.
- If this is done incorrectly, labor costs will increase. . In the hope of a new good harvest, new plots of land are allocated for raspberries, however, without taking into account previous mistakes, the crop dies again, and the gardener no longer wants to plant raspberries.
It is better to support raspberry bushes with support.