Presentation on the topic "the concept of sustainable development." Presentation: The concept of sustainable development is a new socio-economic paradigm. Ways to achieve development goals
Slide 1
Slide 2
![](https://i0.wp.com/bigslide.ru/images/52/51506/389/img1.jpg)
Slide 3
![](https://i0.wp.com/bigslide.ru/images/52/51506/389/img2.jpg)
Slide 4
![](https://i1.wp.com/bigslide.ru/images/52/51506/389/img3.jpg)
Slide 5
![](https://i0.wp.com/bigslide.ru/images/52/51506/389/img4.jpg)
Slide 6
![](https://i1.wp.com/bigslide.ru/images/52/51506/389/img5.jpg)
Slide 7
![](https://i2.wp.com/bigslide.ru/images/52/51506/389/img6.jpg)
Slide 8
![](https://i2.wp.com/bigslide.ru/images/52/51506/389/img7.jpg)
Slide 9
![](https://i2.wp.com/bigslide.ru/images/52/51506/389/img8.jpg)
Slide 10
![](https://i0.wp.com/bigslide.ru/images/52/51506/389/img9.jpg)
Slide 11
![](https://i1.wp.com/bigslide.ru/images/52/51506/389/img10.jpg)
Lesson type - combined
Methods: partially search, problem presentation, reproductive, explanatory and illustrative.
Target:
Students’ awareness of the significance of all the issues discussed, the ability to build their relationships with nature and society based on respect for life, for all living things as a unique and invaluable part of the biosphere;
Tasks:
Educational: show the multiplicity of factors acting on organisms in nature, the relativity of the concept of “harmful and beneficial factors”, the diversity of life on planet Earth and options for adaptation of living beings to the entire range of environmental conditions.
Educational: develop communication skills, the ability to independently obtain knowledge and stimulate one’s cognitive activity; ability to analyze information, highlight the main thing in the material being studied.
Educational:
To cultivate a culture of behavior in nature, the qualities of a tolerant personality, to instill interest and love for living nature, to form a stable positive attitude towards every living organism on Earth, to develop the ability to see beauty.
Personal: cognitive interest in ecology.. Understanding the need to obtain knowledge about the diversity of biotic connections in natural communities for the conservation of natural biocenoses. The ability to choose goals and meaning in one’s actions and actions in relation to living nature. The need for fair assessment of one's own work and the work of classmates
Cognitive: ability to work with various sources of information, transform it from one form to another, compare and analyze information, draw conclusions, prepare messages and presentations.
Regulatory: the ability to organize independent completion of tasks, evaluate the correctness of work, and reflect on one’s activities.
Communication: participate in dialogue in class; answer questions from the teacher, classmates, speak in front of an audience using multimedia equipment or other means of demonstration
Planned results
Subject: know the concepts of “habitat”, “ecology”, “ecological factors”, their influence on living organisms, “connections between living and non-living things”;. Be able to define the concept of “biotic factors”; characterize biotic factors, give examples.
Personal: make judgments, search and select information; analyze connections, compare, find an answer to a problematic question
Metasubject: connections with such academic disciplines as biology, chemistry, physics, geography. Plan actions with a set goal; find the necessary information in the textbook and reference literature; carry out analysis of natural objects; draw conclusions; formulate your own opinion.
Form of organization of educational activities - individual, group
Teaching methods: visual-illustrative, explanatory-illustrative, partially search-based, independent work with additional literature and a textbook, with COR.
Techniques: analysis, synthesis, inference, translation of information from one type to another, generalization.
Learning new material
Sustainability concept
The deterioration of the environmental situation in many regions of the globe and on the planet as a whole requires increasingly energetic international efforts, the unification of all humanity to protect life on the planet.
In 1983, the UN World Commission on Environment and Development, in its report “Our Common Future,” called for “ new era of economic development, safe for the environment."
The Commission noted that "humanity has the ability to make development sustainable - to ensure that the needs of the present are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs." Thus, a transition to sustainable forms of development that require reasonable relationships with the environment is necessary. The perspective on this path is opened by the extensive program “Agenda 21”, adopted at the UN Conference on Environment and Development in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro.
In the Conference documents, the first two theses are formulated as follows:
“All nations and all people will cooperate in the vital task of eliminating poverty as a necessary requirement in order to reduce inequalities in living standards and better meet the demands of the majority of the world's people.”
“To achieve sustainable development and a higher quality of life for all people, states should reduce and eliminate environmentally unsustainable production and consumption and support the necessary population policies.”
The remaining theses of the Conference are directly or indirectly related to the first two. IN table No. 5 you can familiarize yourself with the main problems discussed at the UN Conference in June 1992.
Man is a natural component of the biosphere, it arose as a result of its evolution, and, like all other species, the laws of the biosphere apply to it.
Humanity can exist on the planet only within a rather narrow range of its parameters. Like any other species, a person has his own ecological niche - a system of relationships with the environment, laws of development, which a person must take into account in his activities. Deviation from these laws can lead humanity to catastrophic consequences.
Thus, humanity today faces the important problem of developing a strategy for its survival on the planet. In this regard, N. N. Moiseev defines sustainable development as “implementation
The main directions of “Agenda 21” (according to M. Keating)
STRATEGIES man, his path to the era of the noosphere, i.e. to the state of co-evolution of Society and Nature.” At the same time, coevolution should be understood as the joint evolution of social and natural systems, united by close ecological
chemical connections in which the evolution of one system depends on the evolution of another and
influences her at the same time. It should be noted that in science the problem of sustainable development has not yet found an unambiguous explanation accepted by all scientists. The concept of sustainable development today is still at the beginning of its theoretical and practical confirmation.
The main source of air emissions is energy production and consumption
In June 1997, the Regular Session of the UN General Assembly on Environment and Development was held in New York, dedicated to discussing the results of the 5-year period for the establishment of sustainable human development (after the 1992 Conference in Rio de Janeiro).
Representatives from over 60 countries took part in the forum. The Russian delegation was headed by Prime Minister V.S. Chernomyrdin. In his speech, he noted the priority of problems of ecology, economics, and the survival of humanity in the development of strategic directions for sustainable development of Russia.
Requests and assignments
1. Determine in order of greatest importance the social and environmental problems facing humanity put forward by the head of the Club of Rome A. Peccei
uncontrolled spread of humans populating the planet;
inequality in society;
hunger and malnutrition;
unemployment;
inflation;
energy crisis;
lack of natural resources;
outdated education system;
illiteracy of the population;
crime;
addiction;
nuclear weapons;
corruption among politicians;
bureaucracy;
degradation (destruction) of the natural environment;
decline of moral values;
loss of faith in the future;
misunderstanding of the dangers of environmental disasters;
military conflicts.
Try to justify your proposed ranking of modern problems.
2.List the main points of Agenda 21 and give your explanation for them.
3. Based on the definitions proposed in Table No. 6, formulate your interpretation of the term “sustainable development”.
Whatsuchsustainabledevelopment?
ABOUTConceptssustainabledevelopment
Sustainable development: a new strategy for planet Earth
17 goalsVregionsustainabledevelopment
Resources:
S. V. Alekseev. Ecology: A textbook for 9th grade students of various types of educational institutions. SMIO Press, 1997. - 320 s.
Presentation hosting
Begin Today it has become clear, as notedHELL. Ursul, what is the model of education of the 21st century
must undergo radical transformations and focus on its core
not for the past (conservatism), but for the future
(futurism).
However, the future is fundamentally uncertain
and alternatively.
How do you understand the last provision?
Development of the concept in the future
And yet, in the futurological approach it is possible to significantlyreduce the uncertainty of the future when, from various
alternatives and search forecasts, it is possible to isolate the spectrum
the most desirable and at the same time the most realistic
trends that can be controlled.
This is what happened with the concept of sustainable development -
a new model of the desired general civilizational development. WITH
from this point of view, the model of the 21st century educational system as
prognostic education should focus on
model of sustainable development of civilization. Leading
education is aimed at creating the desired future, in
in which humanity will develop indefinitely in
coevolution with the remaining biosphere. At the same time, the process
futurization of education and other spheres of socio-natural
activities will lead to the formation of an information-ecological society.
In 1987, the UN International Commission on the Environment
environment and development (chaired by G. H. Brundtland) in his
report "Our Common Future" called for a "new era
environmentally friendly economic development
environment." The commission noted that “humanity is capable
do
development
sustainable
–
provide
meeting the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to satisfy their
needs".
UN position on environmental issues
Thus,transition to sustainable
forms
development,
which
require
reasonable
relationships with the environment. Perspective on this
The extensive Agenda 21 program opens the way
century", adopted at the UN Conference on the Environment and
development in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro and materials
International summit "Rio+10" (Johannesburg, 2002).
In the Conference documents, the first two theses are formulated
in the following way:
"All states and all people will cooperate in
implementation of the critical task of eliminating poverty
as a necessary requirement in order to reduce
inequality in living standards and better satisfy
demands of the majority of the world's people."
"To achieve sustainable development and higher
quality of life for all people, states should
weaken and eliminate environmentally unacceptable
production and consumption and support the necessary
demographic policy."
Humanity can exist on the planet only in
rather narrow range of its parameters. Like any other species,
a person has his own ecological niche - a system of relationships
with the environment, the laws of development of which to man
must be taken into account in your activities. Deviation from these
laws can lead humanity to catastrophic
consequences.
Survival strategy
So humanitycosts
Today
before
important
problem of strategy development
their survival on the planet. IN
communications
With
this
N.N.
Moiseev
defines sustainable development as
"implementation of human strategy,
his path to the era of the noosphere, i.e. To
state of co-evolution of the Society
and Nature." At the same time, under
coevolution (from the Latin “co” -
jointly)
should
understand
joint evolution of social and
natural systems united
close ecological ties,
at
which
evolution
one
system depends on the evolution of another
and at the same time influences her.
Problem
1
2
Fight with
poverty
There are 157 billionaires in the world, almost 2
million millionaires and more than 1.1 billion people,
whose income is less than 1 US dollar per day. Paths
overcoming
poverty:
security
earnings;
self-sufficiency of poor countries and reduction
dependence on rich countries; increase in numbers
working population; sustainable development and
conservation of natural resources; improvement
educational
systems;
planning
families;
financial aid.
The main directions of “Agenda 21” (according to M. Keating)
ProblemBrief description of the problem
1
2
Change
structures
consumption
Wasteful
image
life
rich
parts
humanity is one of the causes of environmental degradation and
depletion of natural resources. At the same time the poor
cannot get the minimum necessary for life.
The alternative is to install
throughout the world the same consumption rate as the Earth
can withstand for a long time.
It is necessary to reduce energy and raw materials
costs, develop environmentally friendly technologies and
etc.
The main directions of “Agenda 21” (according to M. Keating)
ProblemBrief description of the problem
1
2
Population and
sustainability
In 1993, the world population was more than 5.5 billion.
people and, as scientists predict, by 2020 it will reach
8 billion people. Global demographics
the problems are conventionally presented in the diagram.
The main directions of “Agenda 21” (according to M. Keating)
ProblemBrief description of the problem
1
2
Protection and
improvement
people's health
Human health depends on the state of the environment.
Strategic goals for health by 2000
year:
mobilize efforts to fight AIDS;
fight tuberculosis and other serious
diseases;
reduce child mortality;
create effective condition monitoring services
public health;
ensure the right of men and women to determine
the number of your children and the timing of their birth;
satisfy the population's need for drinking water,
healthy food;
protect children's health;
protect the environment from health hazards
emissions, waste.
The main directions of “Agenda 21” (according to M. Keating)
ProblemBrief description of the problem
1
2
Sustainable
settlements
(urbanization)
By the year 2000, half the world's population will live in
cities. Urbanization of society is part of the process
economic development, 60% is produced in cities
gross national product. Urban population growth
in developed and developing countries is not the same (see.
diagram).
Protection
atmosphere
The main source of emissions in
energy production and consumption.
atmosphere
–
This
The main directions of “Agenda 21” (according to M. Keating)
ProblemBrief description of the problem
1
2
Rational
usage
land
resources
Soil fertility decreases due to water and
wind erosion, as well as chemical and physical
degradation. Among the causes of soil degradation are:
overgrazing; impoverishment and
extinction
forest
arrays;
agricultural
activity; overexploitation of land, etc.
Fight with
destruction
forests
Forests play a vital role in preserving soil and
water, maintaining a healthy atmosphere and biological
diversity
vegetable
And
animal
peace.
Governments
should
develop
programs
national actions for sustainable forest development
farms.
The main directions of “Agenda 21” (according to M. Keating)
ProblemBrief description of the problem
1
2
Fight with
desertification and
drought
Desertification is the process of land degradation
caused by climate change and human activities.
Dry lands are especially susceptible to this process.
The most obvious consequences of desertification are
degradation of rangelands and decline in production
food products. Drought and desertification are also
causes of poverty and hunger.
The main directions of “Agenda 21” (according to M. Keating)
ProblemBrief description of the problem
1
2
Protection and
rational
usage
oceans
About 70% of marine pollution is due to
land-based sources, including cities and towns,
industry, construction, agriculture and
tourism. The oceans are experiencing great environmental stress in
as a result of overfishing of fish and shellfish (up to 90
million tons
annually) and deterioration of the condition of the banks and
coral reefs.
The main directions of “Agenda 21” (according to M. Keating)
ProblemBrief description of the problem
1
2
Security and
rational
usage
fresh water
The problem of fresh water today has become one of the
major environmental problems. By 2000 there should be
the following tasks were completed:
provide all city residents per person
person with at least 40 liters of drinking water per day;
establish and enforce standards for the disposal and
neutralization of municipal and industrial wastewater;
provide residents of all rural areas with access to
environmentally friendly water, etc.
Promotion
security
use
toxic
chemical
substances
Chemicals are used all over the world.
There are approximately 10,000 commercial chemicals available
although only 1,500 of them account for 95% of the world's
production. At present, universal
agreement on trade in toxic and hazardous products.
The main directions of “Agenda 21” (according to M. Keating)
ProblemBrief description of the problem
1
2
Removing solids
waste and sewage
water
Rapid increase in volumes of household waste and sewage
water in cities poses a threat to public health and
environment. Every year 5.2 million people, including 4
million
children,
die
from
diseases,
caused by
unsustainable disposal of wastewater and solid waste. TO
By 2025, the volume of waste may increase 4–5 times.
Removal
radioactive
waste
The danger posed by radioactive
waste, requires a reduction in the volume of their production, safe
transportation and disposal. Every year during NPP operation
200 thousand m3 of waste with low and 10 thousand m3 of waste with
high radioactivity.
The main directions of “Agenda 21” (according to M. Keating)
ProblemBrief description of the problem
1
2
The role of children and
youth in
ensuring
sustainable
development
Development programs must guarantee youth
secure future, including good health
environment, higher living standards,
education and work. Youth make up almost 1/3
population of the planet, and in many developing countries -
half of their population. Educational level should
increase so much that by the year 2000 more than half
boys and girls in every country had the opportunity
obtain secondary or vocational education. IN
youth education should conduct classes on
issues related to environmental issues and
development.
The main directions of “Agenda 21” (according to M. Keating)
ProblemBrief description of the problem
1
2
Science and
education in
sustainable
development
Scientific research currently serves the purposes
survival of humanity. In the 21st century there may be
dangerous changes in the biosphere. Scientists are researching
problems: climate change, increased resource consumption,
demographic trends, environmental degradation, ways
use
energy
And
resources,
space
research of the biosphere, the influence of the environment on human health and
etc. The program must provide education and
development and conservation education
environment for people of all ages. Ecological
education is a necessary condition for sustainable development
humanity.
UN Conference on Environment and Development
In June 1997, the next Session was held in New York (USA)UN General Assembly on Environment and
development, dedicated to discussing the results of the 5-year period for
establishment of sustainable development of humanity (after the Conference
1992 in Rio de Janeiro). Participating in the forum were:
representatives from over 60 countries.
UN Conference on Environment and Development
From August 26 to September 4, 2002 in Johannesburg (South Africa)The International Summit on Environmental Issues was held
and sustainable development. Welcoming summit participants
UN Secretary General Kofi Annan said: “We live in
one planet, being connected by a thin and complex network
environmental,
social,
economic
And
cultural
relationships that define our lives. achievement
sustainable
development
will require
manifestations
big
responsibility – for the ecosystems on which life depends
of the entire planet, for the fate of every person as part of a single
human
communities
And
behind
future
generations.
The 2002 Johannesburg Summit gives
the opportunity to resume the search for ways to build more
sustainable future."
“Prospects for the development of ecology” - Environmental aspects in priority areas of modernization. Stimulating the timely implementation of environmental standards. Creation of a national system of “green” economic indicators. Conclusions and offers. Regulation of toxic waste disposal. Stimulating voluntary business commitments.
“Fundamentals of Ecology” - Carp were released into the pond. Fundamentals of ecology. Scheme of the action of the environmental factor. The ciliates—shoes—were placed in a closed test tube. Assignments for the topic “Dependence of organisms on environmental factors.” Population is a collection of individuals of the same species. Basic concepts. Self-control tasks. Organisms. Components of biocenosis.
“History of Ecology” - Human Ecology. Ecology is a new field of science. Conservation and environmental movements. Superorganismal systems and the search for an ecological object. Biosphere. The first ecologists. Wallace and Mobius. History of ecology. Ecology and global politics. Theophrastus. Botanical geography and Alexander von Humboldt.
“Subject of ecology” - Environmental factors. The concept and subject of ecology. History of environmental development. Causes of ozone hole formation. Sanitary and biological indicators. Population regulation. The structure of the atmosphere. Action of the factor. Levels of organization of matter. Tolerance. Stage of industrial civilization. Ecosystem productivity.
“Fundamentals of General Ecology” - Properties of ecosystems. Biological optimum. Fire, erosion, drought. Ecology is a complex science that studies the laws of existence. Environmental factors. Humidity. Temperature. Light. Biogeocenosis = Biocenosis + Biotope. Basic functions of biogeocenosis. Topics of reports. Biotic factors. Dependence of the result of the action of an eco-factor on its intensity.
There are a total of 25 presentations in the topic
In the 80s humanity agreed on measures to prevent pollution: the concept of “waste-free production” arose; one of the practical steps of society to reduce pollution was the signing of a number of agreements (Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, Helsinki, 1985, Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Air Pollution especially hazardous waste and its disposal, 1987, etc.).
In 1987, the World Commission on Environment and Development, established three years earlier at the initiative of the UN General Assembly and chaired by Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland, made sustainable development the theme of its report entitled “Our Future”.
90s contributed to humanity's understanding of the need to manage the state of the environment. The need to find new ways and approaches to minimize anthropogenic impact is becoming increasingly obvious. The main way to reduce technogenic impact in developed countries has been the development of environmentally efficient business and environmental management.
Sustainable development includes two key concepts: The concept of needs, including priority needs (necessary for the existence of the poorest segments of the population) The concept of limitations placed on the ability of the environment to meet the current and future needs of humanity.
The concept of sustainable development is based on five basic principles. 1. Humanity is truly capable of making development sustainable and long-term 2. The existing limitations in the field of exploitation of natural resources are relative 3. It is necessary to satisfy the basic needs of all people and provide everyone with the opportunity to realize their hopes for a more prosperous life
4. reconcile the lifestyles of those with the greatest wealth with the ecological capabilities of the planet 5. The size and rate of population growth must be reconciled with the changing productive potential of the Earth's global ecosystem The concept of sustainable development is based on five basic principles
The strategy of sustainable ecological and economic development presupposes a rejection of extensive economic growth, based on the idea of the inexhaustibility of natural resources and the unlimited possibilities of the natural environment for self-healing according to the principle of “maximum effect with minimal costs.”
Economical, economic use of natural resources includes: comprehensive rationalization of production; all-round rationalization of production; its complexity; its complexity; waste minimization; waste minimization; elimination of losses; elimination of losses; widespread use of recycled materials; widespread use of recycled materials;
Solving environmental problems The main way to solve environmental problems in industrialized countries has been the development of environmental management. An environmental management system is part of an overall management system, including organizational structure, planning, distribution of responsibilities, practical activities, procedures, processes and resources necessary for development, implementation , achieving environmental policy goals
ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING The main reasons for compiling environmental reports are: pressure from consumers and the public; requirements of shareholders, investment funds, leading corporations; new industry standards; demonstration of the company’s actions in fulfilling its obligations; focusing environmental protection activities within the company.