Grinev and Shvabrin what a work. Composition on the topic: Comparative characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin in Pushkin's novel The Captain's Daughter
The essay considers two key characters in the story of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" It will be about Petr Andreevich Grinev and Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin.
How are these characters similar and how are they different? How did their moral qualities manifest themselves in the turbulent times of the Pugachev uprising? Does the author share someone's position in life? I would like to find answers to these questions.
Both young men from noble families, therefore, received a good education. Both of them, against their will, end up in the Belogorsk fortress - the place of the main events of the story. However, this is where all the similarities between them end.
The story is told from the perspective of Peter Grinev. From the very first pages of the work, he appears to us as a man, although clearly inexperienced due to his age, but, of course, conscientious. Not without a hint of sympathy, Petrusha recalls his teacher, a Frenchman, whom the boy's father drove out of the yard for indecent behavior.
The character of the young hero is revealed with each new story in which he becomes a participant. His measure of justice is conscience. Peter understands that he has got into a dubious adventure with a billiard debt, but it is embarrassing to retreat. He is also ashamed in front of the old uncle Savelich, who cares about him as if he were his own grandson, worrying about his every thoughtless movement. Grinev is not rich at all, but there are no compromises for him in matters of honor. Having no extra money, he, in gratitude for the help on the road, gives his short fur coat to a random guide (oh, how many times the topic of this short fur coat will rise in the story!), Despite the protest of a faithful servant. All this already characterizes the young man as a person of very high moral qualities.
Arriving at the Belogorsk fortress to the place of service, Grinev meets Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, who was exiled there for a daring murder in a duel. At first, the young officers get along with each other, but little by little a crack appears in their relationship, which grows on the basis of irreconcilably different worldviews. From the very beginning of their acquaintance, Shvabrin speaks very badly and mockingly about the family of Captain Mironov, in which he has long been a member - which in itself does not honor him. It soon becomes clear that these abominations are groundless, but a new circumstance is revealed: it turns out that the degraded officer wooed Marya Ivanovna, the captain's daughter, and was refused.
By that time, mutual feelings are already flaring up between Grinev and Mashenka, which becomes an occasion for a showdown between rivals. There is a duel, Grinev is wounded. After recovering, Shvabrin apologizes to Peter for his intemperance, and he sincerely forgives the enemy: “I saw in his slander the annoyance of offended pride and rejected love, and generously apologized to my unfortunate rival.” A very revealing moment of the hero's behavior at the moment of his superiority! Pyotr Andreevich spares the feelings of even a person who is not entirely pleasant to him, respecting his right to make a mistake. The young man has no desire to establish himself at the expense of someone else's humiliation.
Further, it turns out that a letter was sent to Peter's parents, informing them of the duel that had taken place. It is obvious that this could not have been dictated by any good intentions, and Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin is behind this again - the man who asked for forgiveness from Grinev both for the duel itself and for the wound inflicted on him.
The Belogorsk fortress was destined to be taken by Pugachev's allies under his leadership. Her captain Ivan Kuzmich, Masha's father, and commandant Ivan Ignatich, who refused to swear allegiance to the impostor, died heroically. And suddenly, in the crowd of Pugachev's foremen, Grinev, preparing to go to the gallows in the footsteps of his comrades, sees Shvabrin. The envious traitor would clearly take advantage of the moment to get rid of his former rival, but the appearance of Savelich, who readily offers his life for the salvation of Peter, changes everything: Pugachev pardons the young man.
He is again brought before the impostor and put on his knees before him, waiting for him to kiss his hand. But Pyotr Andreevich, whose life hung in the balance a minute ago, refuses: "... I would prefer the most cruel execution to such humiliation." It seems to me that both in this and in subsequent situations, where Pugachev decides his fate, there is a certain similarity between the brave young man and the impudent ataman: both of them are people of honor and word. Another issue is that they have different concepts of honor.
The difference between Shvabrin and Grinev is fully manifested in the context of their relationship with Marya Ivanovna. Peter, at the cost of his life and good name, saves his beloved in the most unfavorable circumstances. He is still dangerously sincere with the rebellious ataman, which saves not only himself, but also Mashenka. Shvabrin once again shows his vile nature, by force holding Masha in the fortress, trying to force her to marry him. Apparently, there was no talk of love there, and with the advent of a young rival, resentment against his wounded pride grew to truly monstrous hatred, and the girl’s life becomes nothing more than a bargaining chip for Alexei Ivanovich.
And again, again! - when Pyotr Andreevich, who has already saved Marya Ivanovna, takes her away from the fortress, having received Pugachev's "blessing", he sees Shvabrin. “His face showed gloomy malice. I did not want to triumph over the destroyed enemy ... "
Of course, in real life there are no 100% villains and heroes. Good triumphed, evil defeated. And the famous “take care of honor from a young age” again shows that, despite other circumstances, it is easier to save a life, both literally and figuratively, by living according to the laws of conscience. The fate of the traitor Shvabrin remained unenviable, despite all his attempts to save his life at any cost. Grinev just as zealously saved his soul from betrayal and shame. We know the outcome of the struggle of both heroes.
As for the position of the author, then, in my opinion, there are few options: Pushkin is entirely on the side of the brave young man. When fatal circumstances left no other choice, and Alexander Sergeevich himself ended up in a duel, defending the honor of his beloved wife.
Petr Grinev | Alexey Shvabrin | |
Appearance | Young, handsome, not devoid of masculinity. Embodies the features of a simple Russian person | Young, stately, not tall, with a swarthy, ugly, but mobile face |
Character | Courageous, hardy, courageous, decent, straightforward, noble, fair and conscientious. | Cynical, impudent, sharp, impulsive, emotional, cowardly. |
Social status | Educated nobleman, officer. | Educated nobleman, officer |
Life position | To be a decent officer, honestly serve the state, protect the weak, stop excesses. | Occupy a prominent public space. Prove your case by any means. Seek profit in everything. |
Attitude towards moral values | Take care of morality. Tries not to follow contrary to her principles. | Does not value moral values, often stepping over them. |
Relationships with wealth | He does not pursue wealth, but is accustomed to a noble life in abundance. | Values money and wealth. |
Moral | Moral, honest, conscientious. | Immoral, shameless, looks down on everyone. He forgets about his duty and honor. |
Attitude to the Mironov family | They became his real family. He loved them like his own parents. | He honored them with nothing but charity and ridicule. He slandered Ivan Ignatievich, insulted Maria. |
Attitude to the oath | Bravely refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev and kiss his hand. Ready to die, but not to become a traitor. | Without any hesitation breaks the oath. He goes over to the side of the rebels. |
Dueling behavior | They are driven by justice and nobility. The honor of the girl is insulted, and he, as an officer, must protect her. Leads an honest, brave fight. | This is not his first duel. Behaving dishonestly. Strikes when the opponent is defenseless. |
Attitude towards Maria Mironova | In love, respects the feelings of Mary, ready to wait for her reciprocity and fight for love. Saves her life, defends her during interrogation. | It is unlikely that she has high love feelings for her. Humiliates her, insults her, keeps her locked up. Easily gives out to the enemy. |
Behavior with Pugachev | He holds his head high and does not want to humiliate himself. Bravely answers provocative questions. Retains officer prowess. | Begging for freedom, crawling at the feet of Pugachev. Humbles himself and grovels before him. |
Relationships | At first, Shvabrin causes some sympathy for Grinev. But then harsh statements about the Mironov family, and then further actions set Grinev against Shvabrin. There are no feelings other than contempt. | Considers Grinev weak. At first, he tries to impress him. But the further development of events turns them into antipodes. |
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Lesson equipment:
multimedia projector, screen, slide presentation "Pushkin", handouts: table "Comparative characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin", dictionary entries for the word "honor" according to the explanatory dictionary of the Russian language S.I. Ozhegov and according to the explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language V.I. Dahl.
Advanced tasks:
- Find out the meaning of the word honor.
- Mini-essay “What does the word “Honor” mean in my understanding?”
Lesson Objectives:
educational:
- generalize, systematize knowledge in the image of Peter Grinev;
- trace the development of the character of Peter Andreevich;
- training in the comparative characteristics of heroes;
- introduce the concepts of "duty" and "honor";
- give an idea of the continuity of Pushkin's traditions in Russian literature;
developing:
- develop students' ability to analyze text;
Develop the ability to reason;
- develop vocabulary skills;
educators:
- to cultivate a sense of honor and dignity, fidelity to a given word, disinterestedness in love and friendship, self-sacrifice;
- include students in a philosophical search;
Cultivate a love of art.
Vocabulary work:
Honor, dignity, oath, loyalty to the word, self-sacrifice.
During the classes.
Take care of your honor from a young age.
Proverb.
I. Organizational moment. Announcement of the topic of the lesson, goals, epigraph.
- Hello, sit down.
- Today we are conducting a lesson, the topic of which is “Comparative characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin. The theme of honor, courage and nobility on the example of the development of the character of Pyotr Grinev. Open your literature notebooks and write down today's date and topic. As an epigraph of our today's lesson, I took the proverb "Take care of honor from a young age", which became the epigraph of the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter".
- In today's lesson, we will try to generalize, systematize knowledge in the image of Pyotr Grinev, in the course of work to see the changes that occur in the soul of the hero under the influence of meetings with different people.
II. Introduction by the teacher.
170 years ago, A.S. Pushkin came up with an idea for a story ... "The Captain's Daughter" by A. S. Pushkin was completed on October 19, 1836, three months before the tragic death of the poet. The last great work written for three years... Naturally, one should treat it more attentively, look more closely at its heroes, try to understand its "super task", its meaning.
In March 1833, while working on the history of the Pugachev rebellion, Pushkin among archival documents finds investigative materials on the case of a young officer taken prisoner by Pugachev and pardoned by him. Almost unbelievable, but at the same time reliable events surpassed any fiction.
Pushkin enters into all the details of the officer's fate, already loving him as his hero.
Pushkin plans to write the work in autumn, but in early August he writes a preface to it. This preface will then be rejected by the author himself, and The Captain's Daughter will begin immediately from the first chapter.
The preface is remarkable, if only because it contains that unique intonation, which, perhaps, is the main charm of The Captain's Daughter. The father tells the story of his life to his son, obviously a boy of ten years old. “My dear friend, Petrusha!” - the story begins with these words. Not an edifying lesson, but a home tradition.
So, on Friday, August 4, 1833, Pushkin sketches out a draft of the preface. It seems that the correct definitions of the truly beautiful qualities of the heroes have been found. But Pushkin suddenly sees that both disgust for the low and the fear of causing misfortune are the result of some more important and all-encompassing qualities. On August 5, the author returns to the manuscript and makes corrections: "... keep in your heart ... the wonderful qualities that I noticed in you: kindness and nobility."
The preface becomes a blessing for the heroes who set off on a long journey towards the unknown. Their cute images have not yet laid down on paper, but they have already settled in the soul. Many more months will pass before the story moves like a spring river. And then the captain's daughter Masha Mironova, the ardent and desperate Pyotr Grinev, the vigilantly caring Arkhip Savelyevich, whom at first, in drafts, Pushkin called Stepan, will forever enter our hearts.
And the lights of the Belogorsk fortress will always be visible in the blizzard, where the good old Mironovs are waiting for us. Where no one is afraid of any "adversaries", but Ivan Ignatich cleans the cast-iron cannon for order ... Having finished work, the old lieutenant sits down on the warming, on last year's withered grass and, smiling, peers into the road ... "Happy journey and God bless you! .."
A short preface to The Captain's Daughter is worthy of being remembered not only by literary critics: in addition to purely artistic merits and details necessary for understanding the story, there is something else very important for us readers. Obviously, this is the moral firmness of Pushkin's narrator, confidence in distinguishing between good and evil.
III. Discussion of what has been read.
− Who is the narrator in A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"(Pyotr Andreevich Grinev.)
- How does the narrator appear at the very beginning of the story?(Undergrowth. Petrusha Grinev is idle, climbs a dovecote, treats his studies with disdain. His mother indulges him. - Remember the description of this hero, later in the literature we will meet a similar hero in D.I. Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth" - the image of Mitrofanushka.
Young, inexperienced and naive, he passionately wants to grow up, but for this he often chooses the wrong ways: playing billiards, drinking, insolence with Savelich. But in his heart he is kind and ashamed of the bad deeds that he does out of inexperience.)
- One of the tasks of our today's lesson is to trace the formation of the character of the protagonist. Let's remember how the growing up of the hero began. When, from what moment did Petrusha's fate change? What events, people influenced the fate of Grinev. As a result, from Petrusha, he becomes Pyotr Andreevich Grinev?
- So, when, from what moment did Petrusha's fate change?(From the moment when his father decided to send him to military service.)
- What words does the father admonish his son, which later became key not only in this story, but also in literature in general?(“Farewell, son. Serve faithfully to whom you swear; obey your superiors; don’t chase after their affection; don’t ask for service; don’t excuse yourself from service; and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, and honor from youth. ”- You can also draw a parallel with episode from the novel by L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace", the departure of Andrei Bolkonsky to the war.)
- How do you understand the words of the father?(He speaks of duty, honor, nobility, fidelity to the word.)
- How did Petrusha start his independent life?(From playing billiards, losing a hundred rubles to Zurin.)
- Why do travelers fall into a snowstorm, who saves them?(Due to the stubbornness of Petrusha, youthful maximalism. The leader who shows the way saves.)
- How did Petrush thank his savior?(Given him a hare sheepskin coat.)
- How did Savelyich react to the actions of Grineva?(He was dissatisfied, indignant at the loss, grumbles and objects; he believed that Petrusha was not accountable for his actions.)
- How do you assess the behavior of Pyotr Andreevich?(He behaved incorrectly with Savelich, but the duty of an honest person is to be responsible for his actions, so he did the right thing, that he repaid the debt to Zurin, granted the sheepskin coat to the savior.)
- Remember these milestones in the formation of Peter Grinev. A little later we will build a scheme for the development of the character of the protagonist. And another hero of the story will help us to understand Petrusha better. Which one do you think?(That's right, Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin.)
− What do you learn about Shvabrin and from whom?(From Vasilisa Egorovna. Shvabrin was transferred to the Belogorsk fortress for a duel. He caused the death of a man.)
IV. Compilation of the table "Comparative characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin."
- To better understand the character of the protagonist, let's make a comparative table of actions of Grinev and Shvabrin, which we will fill in during the reasoning. Let's see how the actions of one and the other correlate with the concepts of honor, courage and nobility.
− What can we distinguish between Grinev and Shvabrin?(Both noblemen, officers, serve in the Belogorsk fortress, are in love with Masha Mironova.)
Comparative characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin
General. Both nobles, officers, serve in the Belogorsk fortress, are in love with Masha Mironova.
Miscellanea.
Comparison criterion | Grinev | Shvabrin |
1. Attitude towards the family of Captain Mironov |
1) - Let's start with what this fortress is, is it the same as the hero imagined? How was the service in the fortress? Who was the real leader in it? What atmosphere reigned in the family of Captain Mironov? In the garrison?(The Belogorsk fortress did not at all resemble a fortress in the full sense of the word. Most likely, it was a simple village. Vasilisa Yegorovna can be called the commander. A warm family atmosphere reigns in the Belogorsk fortress, soldiers and commanders treat each other with warmth, there is no officialdom. All the fortress is like a big family.Peter fell in love with these people, wanting nothing else for himself.)
How was Petrusha received in the Mironov family?(Warmly, showed concern.)
- Pushkin writes with warmth and tenderness about the relationship of these people, and here one of the most dear ideas to Pushkin is carried out - a family thought. Pay attention to the words of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky: “We have everything from Pushkin.” Why did Dostoevsky say so? Because Pushkin's work contains traditions that would later be developed in Russian literature of the 19th century. In particular, family thought will become one of the main thoughts in the work of L.N. Tolstoy, for example, in the epic novel "War and Peace" (the Bolkonsky and Rostov families).
- Which of the inhabitants of the fortress stands out sharply from the general circle? How?(Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin. He is the only one of the inhabitants of the fortress who speaks French, his conversation is sharp and entertaining. He is educated, served in St. Petersburg in the guards, transferred to the Belogorsk fortress for a duel.)
- Why did Shvabrin, who at first liked Grinev, gradually begin to arouse his rejection? (He speaks badly of the family of Captain Mironov, slanders Ivan Ignatich, put Masha in a bad light. All these people became dear to Grinev, and it was unpleasant for him to hear bad things about them.)
Comparison criterion | Grinev | Shvabrin |
2. Behavior in a duel |
2) What causes the duel? (Grinev composed a poem, dedicating it to Masha. He brings him to Shvabrin's court, sincerely considering him his friend, expecting praise. But Shvabrin's dirty hints infuriated Grinev. He stood up for the honor of the girl, as he was ordered to do so by the duty of a nobleman, a knight. Shvabrin, trying to turn Grinev away from Masha, achieves the exact opposite - Petrusha looked at Masha in a new way. A conversation with Masha and her confession that Shvabrin was wooing her, but she refused, completed the job - Peter fell in love.)
- How does Grinev behave during a duel?(Fights honestly, bravely, defending the honor of the girl.)
- How does Shvabrin act?(Deals a treacherous blow to the defenseless Grinev when he turns to Savelich's voice.)
- I would like to note that A.S. Pushkin does not give detailed characteristics to his heroes, we can judge the character by their actions.
Comparison criterion | Grinev | Shvabrin |
3) - And now let's watch an excerpt from the movie "The Captain's Daughter". Pay attention to how Grinev and Shvabrin behave.
Comparison criterion | Grinev | Shvabrin |
4) - After being wounded, Masha takes care of Grinev, which brings them even closer. What is Grinev going to do? (Write a letter to your parents, ask their blessings for marriage with Masha.)
What answer do they get?(Refusal.)
How is Masha doing? Is she ready to fight for her love?(No. She believes that marriage will not bring them anything good without parental blessing. She is ready to part with Petrusha.)
- What is your attitude towards Masha Shvabrin?(Describes Masha as a "perfect fool", slanders her. With the advent of Pugachev, he keeps him locked up, starving him. And at the last moment betrays Pugachev.)
- How does Grinev behave after the suppression of the riot during the investigation?(He does not name her during the investigation, not wanting to involve Masha in the proceedings.)
5) - How does Grinev behave with Pugachev?(Grinev refuses to take the oath to the impostor: “Listen, I’ll tell you the whole truth. Judge, can I recognize you as a sovereign? You are a smart person: you yourself would see that I’m cunning. If you really wish me well, then let me go to Orenburg.”
The noble Grinev honestly admits that he does not consider Pugachev a king. And Pugachev, the impostor, declared very menacingly: “I am a great sovereign ... So you don’t believe that I was Emperor Pyotr Fedorovich?” Although the robber himself does not believe, according to the author, in the success of his enterprise: this is also confirmed by the Kalmyk fairy tale about the eagle: “It is better to drink living blood once, and then what God will give!” Before that, he says: “My street is cramped; my will is not enough ... at the first failure, they will redeem their neck with my head. It seems to us that Pushkin sympathizes with Pugachev, a man who deceives people, but he himself understands this and is still very intolerant of liars: “And you dared to deceive me! Do you know, slacker, what you deserve? he says to Shvabrin.)
- How does Shvabrin behave with Pugachev?(This is a man for whom the concepts of honor and dignity do not exist. He is full of vanity, cowardice. Nothing is sacred for him. He slanders Grinev: he accuses him of collaborating with Pugachev, of betrayal. He violates the oath and goes over to Pugachev’s side in the Belogorsk fortress, Shvabrin prepared for treason in advance: immediately after the attack, we see him cropped in a circle and in a Cossack caftan.)
In the life of every person there is an intersection of two roads, and at the crossroads lies a stone with the inscription: “If you walk through life with honor, you will die. If you go against honor, you will live.” Pushkin's anti-hero has already made his choice. It was during the Pugachev rebellion that the baseness of feelings, dishonor, and spiritual nihilism of Shvabrin manifested itself.
- What conclusion can we draw? (Grinev and Shvabrin are antipodes.)
V. Drawing up the scheme of growing up of the protagonist.
- And now let's draw a diagram of the main character's growing up in notebooks.
- Where do you think we should start?(Paying the debt for the loss, hereinafter - gratitude for the salvation).
6) Self-sacrifice for the good name of Masha Mironova.
5) Risks his life to save Masha, does not leave Savelich in trouble.
4) Refusal to swear allegiance to the rebel.
3) A duel for the honor of a girl.
2) Gratitude for salvation.
1) Payment of the debt for the loss.
- So, we see that Grinev's character is given in development. And again we turn to the words of F.M. Dostoevsky: “We have everything from Pushkin.” The tradition of depicting the hero in development received a powerful continuation in Russian literature. Heroes L.N. Tolstoy, whom we will meet again, are depicted by the writer as eternally looking for their own path, restless. This is Andrei Bolkonsky, Pierre Bezukhov. These have become the favorite characters of readers. And on the contrary, wanting to show the whole meanness of the soul of someone, Tolstoy emphasized the immobility, the lack of spiritual development of the hero. In this we see the continuation of Pushkin's traditions.
VI. The concept of honor. Working with dictionaries.
- In today's lesson, we use the word "honor" quite often. It is in the epigraph, occurs in our conversation. How does young Petrusha Grinev understand the word “honor” at first? In order for us to understand this, we will find out the meaning of this word according to the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov and the dictionary of V.I. Dahl.(The leading task was given to the students in advance. They figured out the meaning of the word from dictionaries.)
A matter of honor, a duty of honor.
The honor of the family, the honor of the uniform.
3. Chastity, purity. Maiden Honor.
4. Honor, respect. Give honour.
3. High rank, rank.
– In what meanings does Petrusha understand the word “honor” at the beginning of the novel? (In the fourth meaning by Ozhegov and in the second, third, fourth, fifth by Dahl.)
- We see that such a concept as honor, Petrusha Grinev perceives superficially, it has not yet been formed with him.
What about at the end of the story?(Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is a fully formed personality with stable concepts and ideas about honor, nobility, courage.)
VII. Homework survey.
What do you mean by "honor"? (Homework from the previous lesson. student answers.)
VIII. Final word from the teacher. Summing up the lesson.
− Aleksey Ivanovich Shvabrin is the complete opposite of Petr Andreevich Grinev. Grinev will lie in the name of saving another person, but in other cases, even if it is unprofitable or even dangerous for him to be honest, he will not go against honor. When Petrusha lost a hundred rubles to Zurin, the “thrifty” Savelyich advised Grinev to lie: “Write to this robber that we don’t even have that kind of money.” But Grinev refuses such advice: "It's full of lies ..." And he always chooses honor and dignity between honor and deceit. The young officer did not tarnish his honor even in those cases when it was easy to pay for it with his head.
In today's lesson, we, along with the characters in the story of A.S. Pushkin, we come to the conclusion that the most important thing for a person in all life circumstances is to maintain kindness and nobility. It is not for nothing that the author took the Russian proverb “Take care of honor from a young age!” as an epigraph to his story. You proved that Grinev's nobility manifested itself in the fulfillment of his duty, in his honesty and devotion, in respect for his beloved girl, in responsibility for her fate, in self-esteem.
And the whole story, like a confession, is addressed to the new generation, in it the narrator confesses his sins and submits himself to the judgment of the people.
A.S. Pushkin the prose writer, Pushkin the psychologist encourages us to reflect on such issues as fidelity to a given word, disinterestedness in love and friendship, self-sacrifice, a sense of honor and dignity. I think that after this lesson you will also think about these concepts. I really want to believe that when you grow up, you will be people of honor, duty, full of self-respect.
"The Captain's Daughter" teaches us the ability to delve into what we ourselves have experienced, into the merits of our own destiny - such as it has developed.
Russian thinker V. Rozanov said: “Love your fairy tale. The story of your life. Everyone's life is a fairy tale, once told in this world.
IX. Homework.
Prepare messages by groups:
Group 1 - "The image of Pugachev in the story" The Captain's Daughter ".
Group 3 - "The attitude of the narrator to the people's war."
And in conclusion, I would like to turn to you with lines from the no less amazing work of A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"
Whoever you are, my reader,
Friend, foe, I want to be with you
To part now as a friend.
Sorry. Why would you follow me
Here I did not look for careless stanzas,
Are rebellious memories
Rest from work,
Living pictures or sharp words,
or grammatical errors,
God grant that in this book you
2. Behavior in a duel
3. Behavior during the capture of the fortress by the Pugachevites
4. Attitude towards Masha Mironova
5. Behavior with Pugachev
Appendix
Appendix
Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language S.I. Ozhegov:
1. Worthy of respect and pride are the moral qualities of a person, his principles.A matter of honor, a duty of honor.
2. Good clean reputation, good name.The honor of the family, the honor of the uniform.
3. Chastity, purity. Maiden Honor.
4. Honor, respect. Give honour.
"Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language" V.I. Dalia:
1. The inner, moral dignity of a person, valor, honesty, nobility of the soul, a clear conscience.
2. Conditional, secular, worldly nobility, often false, imaginary.
3. High rank, rank.
4. External proof of difference, a sign of superiority.
5. Showing respect, honor.
Written in 1836 by Pushkin, the story "The Captain's Daughter" is a logical continuation of the theme of the "insignificant hero", an ordinary person who cannot boast of great wealth, influence or serious connections. The main character is close to the people, has positive qualities of character, kind, fair. The story is based on an uprising led by Pugachev, but Pushkin did not at all set himself the goal of recreating historical events; against their background, he described the life stories of ordinary people.
General characteristics of Grinev
Pyotr Grinev comes from a noble family, but his parents are poor, so he grew up in a provincial-local life. The hero cannot boast of a good upbringing, he admits that he grew up short. Since his father was a retired military man, Peter also became an officer. This is a conscientious, gentle, kind and fair young man, looking at everything through the disperse, and he understands how the world actually works.
Thanks to his moral instinct, even from the most difficult and dangerous situations, Petr Grinv comes out unscathed. The characterization of the hero shows his rapid spiritual growth. The man was able to see in Masha Mironova a moral personality and a pure soul, he had the courage to ask for forgiveness from the serf Savelich, Peter saw in Pugachev not just a rebel, but a fair and generous person, he realized how low and vile Shvabrin really is. Despite the terrible events that took place during the internecine struggle, Grinev managed to maintain honor, humanity and loyalty to his ideals.
General characteristics of Shvabrin
The characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin allow the reader to figure out who is who in reality. Alexei Ivanovich is a nobleman by birth, he is lively, swarthy, not very handsome. By the time Grinev arrived at the Belgorod fortress, Shvabrin had already served there for five years, he was transferred here for murder. Everything speaks of his meanness, arrogance and heartlessness. At the first meeting with Peter, Alexei Ivanovich introduces him to the inhabitants of the fortress, speaking of everyone with contempt and mockery.
Shvabrin is very smart and much more educated than Grinev, but there is no kindness in him. This character was compared by many with a tumbleweed, a man without a family, who only knew how to adapt to different circumstances. Nobody loved him or expected him, but he doesn't need anyone either. At the end of the story, Shvabrin's black hair turned gray after the unrest, but his soul remained black, envious and vicious.
Grineva and Shvabrina
Every story has an antagonist to the main character. If Pushkin had not created the image of Shvabrin, then Grinev's spiritual growth would not have been so noticeable, moreover, the development of a love line between Mary and Peter would have been impossible. The writer opposes in everything two young officers of noble origin. A brief description of Shvabrin and Grinev shows that they even got into the service in the fortress for various reasons. Peter was sent here to serve by his father, so that the offspring would smell real gunpowder and serve in the army. Alexei was exiled for the murder of a lieutenant.
The expression "military duty" each of the heroes understands differently. Shvabrin doesn't care who he serves, as long as he feels good. During Alexei immediately went over to the rebels, forgetting about the oath and honor. Grinev, under pain of death, refuses to swear allegiance to the rebels, but he was saved by natural kindness. The fact is that once he gave Pugachev a hare sheepskin coat and served a glass of wine, and he in return pays with gratitude and saves Peter's life.
For the heroes became the captain's daughter. Grinev and Shvabrin fell in love with Masha, but their love is very different. Peter composes poems for the girl, and Alexei criticizes them, smashing them to smithereens. This is understandable, because he himself likes Maria, but could a sincerely loving person put his beloved in a bad light and recommend his opponent to give her earrings instead of poetry so that she would come out to him at dusk.
The relationship between Shvabrin and Maria
Alexei Ivanovich likes the captain's daughter, he takes care of her, but when he is refused, he spreads dirty and false rumors about her. This person is not capable of sincere, kind and pure feelings, he needs Masha only as a beautiful doll that can be remade in his own way. The characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin show how different people are from each other. Peter would never allow himself to slander or force his beloved to do anything.
Aleksey is mean and cowardly, he acts in detours. In a duel, he wounded Grinev in the chest with a sword, then informed Peter's parents about the duel so that they forbade his son to marry Maria. After going over to Pugachev's side, Shvabrin uses his power to force the girl to become his wife. Even at the end, he cannot allow the happiness of Grinev and Mironova, so he slanders Peter.
The relationship between Grinev and Masha
Pyotr Andreevich has the brightest and purest feelings for the captain's daughter. With all his heart he became attached to the Mironov family, which became his own. The young girl immediately liked the officer, but he tried to act delicately, composed poems for her in order to win the heart of the beauty. The characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin give an idea of the concept of honor among these two people.
Alexei Ivanovich wooed Mironova, but was refused, he could not admit his defeat with dignity, so he tried with all his might to tarnish the girl's reputation. Grinev, in turn, protects his beloved, challenging the enemy to a duel. Peter is ready to give his life for Masha, risking, he rescues the girl from Shvabrin's imprisonment, takes her out of the fortress. Even at trial, he tries not to tarnish the honor of Mironova, although he is threatened with life imprisonment. Such behavior speaks of the nobility of the hero.
Grinev's attitude to Pugachev
Pyotr Andreevich does not approve of the actions of the rebels and zealously protects the fortress from them; during the execution of officers, he refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev, because he serves the empress. Nevertheless, Grinev admires the generosity, justice and organizational skills of the leader of the rebels. The hero and Pugachev develop their own, somewhat strange, but friendly relations based on mutual respect. The rebel remembers Grinev's kindness and repays him in kind. Although Peter did not go over to the side of Pugachev, he remains of a good opinion about him.
Shvabrin's attitude towards Pugachev
The characterization of Shvabrin and Pyotr Grinev shows a different attitude towards the honor of a military man among these officers. If the main character, even under pain of death, did not want to betray the empress, then for Alexei Ivanovich, his own life is most important. As soon as Pugachev called on the officers to go over to him, Shvabrin immediately went over to the side of the rebels. For this person there is nothing sacred, at the right time he is always ready to trip others, so the recognition of the power of the rebels is nothing more than an attempt to save his life.
Spiritual development of Grinev and the fall of Shvabrin
Throughout the story, the reader follows the spiritual growth of the protagonist. The characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin speak for themselves: if nothing is sacred for Alexei, he is ready to step over anyone to achieve his goal, then Peter conquers with his nobility, kindness, honesty and humanity.
The main characters of the work of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", are two completely opposite in human qualities officer Grinev and Shvabrin. Despite the fact that both young people came from a noble family, in which, as you know, high values and morals were instilled from childhood, one was honest and noble, and the other was cunning and agile.
Shvabrin, who plays the role of a negative hero in the work, gets to serve in the Belogorsk fortress due to a murder. In the course of his service, when Pugachev's uprising began, he, without thinking twice and not caring at all about his duty, joins his ranks. He also does not care about the feelings of the people around him. By the will of his falling in love with Maria Mironova, ignoring that the feelings are not mutual, he decides to force the girl to be with him. He acts treacherously in relation to his friend, plotting conspiracies and pretense against him.
Grinev is the exact opposite of Shvabrin. He voluntarily goes to serve in a fortress far from the city, listening to and obeying his father in everything. There is incredible devotion and reverence for his parents in him. He also clearly follows the instruction he received, which says that honor must be preserved from a young age. During the uprising of Pugachev, without fear for his life, Grinev makes it clear that he will not join his ranks for nothing, since he swore an oath to the empress and would faithfully serve only her.
Pushkin in this work makes it clear to the reader that people like Shvabrin are followed only by devastation, which will certainly lead to the collapse of his family, as well as the whole country. And Grinev is a stronghold in building a healthy and developing society with high moral standards and positions that are guaranteed to lead to a happy and carefree future.
Comparative characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin
Petr Grinev and Alexei Shvabrin are the heroes of the story "The Captain's Daughter".
These two young men are from wealthy families. They are officers and both are in love with the captain's daughter Masha Mironova.
Pyotr Grinev got to serve in the Belogorsk fortress at the request of his father. Aleksey Shvabrin was transferred to the fortress for murder. During a duel with swords, he stabbed one lieutenant.
Pyotr Grinev sincerely loves Masha Mironova and she reciprocates. He is ready for her to make decisive and courageous actions.
Aleksey Shvabrin, having not achieved the location of the girl and having received a refusal from her, behaves extremely unworthy. He speaks negatively about Masha's family, allows himself to mock the girl and spreads bad rumors about her.
Pyotr Grinev quarrel with Shvabrin because of his unworthy behavior towards Masha. Wanting to defend the honor of the girl, Peter fights with Shvabrin in a duel. Turning around for a moment at the cry of his servant, he receives an insidious blow in the back from Shvabrin.
They understand their duty to the fatherland in different ways. When the fortress was stormed by the gang of Emelyan Pugachev, Peter was ready to fight to the last. He behaved bravely and was not afraid to tell Pugachev the truth to his face.
Shvabrin, on the contrary, without hesitation went over to the side of the villains. He fawned and kowtowed before Pugachev.
When Shvabrin is appointed commandant of the fortress. He, being a vile person, enjoys his new position. He mistreats Masha Mironova, keeps her locked up and forces her to marry him.
Pyotr Grinev finds out about this from Masha's letter and immediately goes to rescue the girl from Shvabrin's captivity. Thanks to his revelation and courage, he deserves the favor and respect of Pugachev.
Peter is a generous and courageous person. Throughout the story, he worthily and selflessly fights for his rights and for his love.
Shvabrin is deceitful and hypocritical, he is ready to stealthily strike and betray his comrades. He repeatedly tried to annoy Peter and wrote denunciations against him.
Both of them were arrested on suspicion of colluding with Pugachev. Shvabrin behaved extremely dishonestly here too, he tried to slander Peter. As a result, Grinev is acquitted and released. In this he is assisted by his beloved Masha. He will marry her. Shvabrin remains in prison.
A. S. Pushkin, using the example of these two, young and wealthy guys, managed to show how different people can be.
Option 3
These two officers are complete opposites in their human qualities. Both come from a family of nobles, so there is no doubt about their upbringing. But the differences start where it ends.
Shvabrin plays a negative role. He is in the service in the Belgorod fortress. He is sent there because he commits murder. When the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev begins, he supports the rebel without any doubt. Since his main qualities are cunning and cunning, moral duty is not a concern at all. There is nothing to say about the feelings of the people around him. His beloved Maria Mironova does not reciprocate and he decides to take her by force. But, since this does not look like it should be for an officer, his actions are not difficult to predict. Conspiracies and pretense against his friend, who has more chances for the hand of Mary, do not take long!
Grinev is the complete opposite of him. His decision to go to this fortress was guided by duty to the fatherland, and not by various tricks or crimes. He obeys and obeys his father and therefore he considers him a good son. All instructions received before the departure are observed impeccably. Protecting honor from a young age, Grinev wants to become a good officer and commander. And since the oath is not an empty phrase for him, even during the uprising he begins to act like a faithful warrior of the empress. Why does Mary choose an honest man? For understanding, it is worth taking a closer look at both of them.
Peter does not want to commit meanness, but rather wants to prove his love with actions. Therefore, he ventures into various actions that favorably distinguish him from the general background. Then, as Alexei Shvabrin, after receiving a refusal, begins to speak extremely negatively about the young lady herself. Moreover, he secretly spreads negative rumors that affect the girl's reputation. Because of this, a quarrel between two young people begins. But the honor of the girl for Peter is not an empty phrase, and he appoints a duel after clarifying all the circumstances. But fate is not on the side of decent people. Turning away for a moment, Grineva expects a blow in the back, which turns out to be decisive in this confrontation. The duel ends with the victory of Alexei.
After the beginning of the siege, it was with the support of Shvabrin that Pugachev took the fortress into his own hands. By appointing him chief, he actually unties his hands. And since he also grovels in every possible way, proof of fidelity is not required. Maria falls into a kind of captivity, which fetters her actions. Alexei begins to force her to marry him. When Grinev finds out about this in a letter, he immediately rushes to the rescue of the girl. What causes respect not only from her, but also from the rebel himself.
Based on even these words, one can understand that Pyotr Grinev is driven by decency, honor, courage and selflessness. Whereas Aleksey Shvabrin is driven by lies, hypocrisy and stabs in the back. And repeated denunciations only confirm that such people are simply not needed even in the ranks of those who decide to go against the crown and the state.
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