How to put capital letters on the keyboard. Keyboard keys. Keyboard buttons
If you work with a computer a lot, then you know that to work quickly and productively you need to try to do without a mouse. What is more convenient to use: Windows, Chrome, Firefox, Gmail, Mac, MS Excel, MS Word?
Ctrl+L or ALT+D or F6 - go to the address bar and select its contents;
Ctrl+K or Ctrl+E - go to the address bar and enter a query to the default search engine;
Ctrl+Enter - will turn tratata in the address bar into www.tratata. com
Ctrl+T - new tab;
Ctrl+N - new window;
Ctrl+Shift+T - return the last closed tab;
Ctrl+Shift+N - secret level of "Chrome" New window in "Incognito" mode;
Shift+Esc - another secret level
Built-in task manager;
Ctrl+Tab or Ctrl+PageDown - as elsewhere, scroll through the tabs from left to right;
Ctrl+Shift+Tab or Ctrl+PageUp - scroll through the tabs from right to left;
Ctrl+1, …, Ctrl+8 - switches between the first eight tabs;
Ctrl+9 - switches to the last tab;
Backspace or Alt+left arrow - go to the previous page in the history of the current tab;
Shift+Backspace or Alt+right arrow - go to the next page in the history of the current tab;
Shift+Alt+T — switch to the button toolbar; after that, you can navigate through it using the left and right arrows, and select a button by pressing Enter;
Ctrl+J - open the all downloads tab;
Ctrl+Shift+J - open developer tools (View element code menu);
Ctrl+W or Ctrl+F4 — close the active tab or pop-up window;
Ctrl+R or F5 - as elsewhere, refresh (open tab);
Ctrl+H - open the History tab;
Ctrl+Shift+Delete — clear history window;
Ctrl+F or Ctrl+G - search for text on an open page;
Ctrl+U - view the HTML source of the page; By the way, an address bar like view-source:FULL_URL will show the source from this URL;
Ctrl+O - as elsewhere, the file opening window... and the “File” menu do not need to be searched;
Ctrl+S - similar - saving the current page;
Ctrl+P - print the current page;
Ctrl+D - add to bookmarks, like most browsers;
Ctrl+Shift+B - open Bookmark Manager;
Alt+Home - return to the home page;
Ctrl++ (plus), Ctrl+- (minus) — zoom in and out; “plus” and “minus” can be regular or gray;
Ctrl+0 — return to display scale 100%;
F11 - full screen and back.
Opening links in Chrome is also convenient once you get used to it, and you don’t need the right mouse button:
Ctrl + click on the link (option: click on the link with the middle mouse button or scroll wheel) - open the link in a new tab without switching to it;
Ctrl + Shift + click on the link (option - Shift + click on the link with the middle mouse button or scroll wheel) - open the link in a new tab and switch to it;
Shift + click on a link - open the link in a new window.
Firefox
- Raise or lower the page. Spacebar – lower the page, Shift+Space – raise the page.
- Find. Ctrl+F or Alt-N for next page.
- Bookmark this page. Ctrl+D.
- Quick search./.
- New inset. Ctrl+T.
- Go to the search bar. Ctrl+K.
- Go to address bar. Ctrl+L.
- Increase text size. Ctrl+=. Reduce text sizeCtrl+-
- Close tab. Ctrl-W.
- Refresh the page. F5.
- Go to home page. Alt-Home.
- Restore closed page. Ctrl+Shift+T.
- Bookmarks by keywords. This is the most productive. If you visit a site frequently, you bookmark it (of course!), then go to bookmark properties (right-click on them). Add a short keyword to the keyword input line, save, and after that you can simply enter this keyword in the address bar (Ctrl+L) and immediately go to the site.
Gmail
- Write a new letter. C.
- Reply to the letter. R.
- Reply to all.A.
- Forward the letter. F.
- Save the current letter and open the next letter.Y+O.
- Delete the letter and open the next one. #+O (or Shift-3+O).
- Send a written letter. Tab-Enter.
- Search. /.
- Navigation. Move down J and up K through the contact list.
- List of messages. N and P move the cursor to the next or previous message in the message list.
- Ignore. M– letters with marked addresses are no longer included in the list of incoming letters and are archived.
- Select a chain of letters. X – the email chain will be selected. You can archive it, apply a shortcut to it, and select an action for it.
- Save draft. Control-S.
- Go to the list of messages. G+I.
- Go to tagged emails. G+S.
- Go to address book. G+C.
Windows
- Create shortcut key combinations. To create shortcut keys for quick switching, right-click on the shortcut key creation icon (you can find one on your desktop) and enter the combination. For example, such as Ctrl-Alt-W for the Word program.
- Switch between windows. Alt-Tab – select the desired window, then lower the keys. Or, hold down the Windows key, press Tab to cycle through the taskbar buttons to find the window you want, then press Enter when you find it. If you add a Shift button to any of these methods, window selection will be done in the reverse direction.
- Go to desktop. Windows key-D.
- Context menu. Instead of right-clicking, press Shift-F10. Then scroll up or down the menu using the up and down arrow keys.
- Shutdown. To quickly shut down your computer, press the Window key and then U. With this key, you can also press S to pause, U to shut down, or R to restart.
- The most general. You know this, of course, but for beginners you need to mention the most famous combinations: Ctrl-O – open, Ctrl-S – save, Ctrl-N – open a new document, Ctrl-W – close window, Ctrl-C – copy, Ctrl -V – paste, Ctrl-X – cut. Ctrl-Z – undo (backward), Ctrl-Y – undo (forward). To see the contents of the clipboard in MS Office, press Ctrl-C twice. Ctrl-Home – go to the beginning of the document, Ctrl-End – go to the end.
- Menu. When you press Alt, a menu appears that you need to navigate using the arrow buttons. Alt plus the underlined letter of each menu option leads to the use of that option. Or simply remember the key combination for this option for even faster use.
- Windows Explorer. Windows-E - My Computer program starts.
Mac Operating System
- Switch Dock. Option-Cmd-D – show/hide Dock.
- Hide everything else. Cmd-Option-H hides all other windows except the one you are in. Lightens your screen.
- Close a window. Cmd-W closes the currently open window. Option-Cmd-W closes all open windows.
- Expand the directory. Option-Cmd-Right Arrow – Expand a directory and subdirectories in a list in Finder.
- Back and forth. Cmd-[ andCmd-] works with Finder, Safari and Firefox.
- Copy screen. Cmd-Shift-3 – for the entire screen. Cmd-Shift-4 – Creates a border to copy the selected portion of the screen.
- Exit. Shift-Cmd-Q – exit will take place in 2 minutes. Shift-Option-Cmd-Q – exit immediately.
- Empty trash. Shift-Cmd-Delete.
- New window in Safari. Cmd-T.
- Help. Cmd-shift-?.
- CD loading. Press C and during startup (immediately after the melody) load a CD.
- Boot from another department. Option-Cmd-Shift-Delete – will begin booting until another partition is found, such as a CD or disk.
- Additional Information. Cmd-Option-I opens a window with additional information that allows you to see and compare many files and folders in one window.
- Sleep mode, reboot and shutdown. Cmd-option-eject, Cmd-ctrl-eject, and Cmd-Option-ctrl-eject.
- Forced shutdown. Cmd-opt-Esc is basic, but very useful.
- Fast FTP protocol. Cmd-K will open a connection to the server.
MS Excel
- Edit cell. F2. This is probably the main key you need to know.
- Column selection. Ctrl-space.
- Row selection. Shift-Space.
- Monetary format. Ctrl+Shift+4 (more precisely, Ctrl+$).
- Percentage format. Ctrl+Shift+5 (more precisely, Ctrl+%).
- Back to the beginning. Ctrl-Home makes cell A1 active.
- Enter the current date. Ctrl-colon.
- Enter the current time. Ctrl is the division sign.
- Copy cells. Ctrl - double quotes will copy the top cells (without formatting).
- Cell format. Ctrl-1 will open the Format Cells window.
- Navigation. Ctrl-PageUp and Ctrl-PageDown.
- Multiple input. Ctrl-Enter, instead of just Enter, after entering data in one of several selected cells, will transfer the data to all other selected cells.
MS Word
- Default formatting. Ctrl-Space enables normal styling for the current selection and subsequent text entry.
- Spacing between paragraphs. Ctrl-0 (upper zero on the keyboard) adds or removes space before the current paragraph. Ctrl-1 (at the top of the keyboard) – single paragraph line spacing. Ctrl-2 (top of the keyboard) – double paragraph line spacing. Ctrl-5 (at the top of the keyboard) changes the line spacing to one and a half.
- Update date and time. Alt-Shift-D – make date updates. Alt-Shift-T – make time updates.
The keyboard with which we type text has quite a lot of buttons. Each of these buttons is needed for something. In this lesson we will look at the keyboard buttons and remember those that are useful to us for working with text.
Keyboard keys
Key Esc. Its full name is Escape (pronounced "Escape") and it means "Exit". With this button we can close some programs. This applies to a greater extent to computer games.
In the same row as Esc there are several buttons whose names begin with the Latin letter F. They are designed to control the computer without using a mouse. That is, buttons F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F12 are needed in order to use the keyboard alone to do the same thing that we do with the mouse (open and close folders and files, change their name, copy, and so on). But knowing the meaning of each button is completely unnecessary - most people have been using computers for decades and have no idea about any of these buttons. And you can also ignore them.
Just below there is a row of buttons with numbers and signs (! " " No.; % : ? *, etc.).
To print a sign instead of a number, press the key with the desired sign while holding down the Shift button.
If the character printed is not the one you want, try changing the alphabet (bottom right).
On many keyboards, the numbers are also on the right side.
They are laid out exactly like on a calculator and are more convenient for many people.
It happens that these numbers don't work. You press the key with the desired number, but it does not print. This means that the numeric portion of the keyboard is turned off. To turn it on, you need to press the Num Lock button once.
Let's move on to the most important part - the central part of the keyboard keys. These are the keys that are used to type text.
As a rule, each button has two letters - one foreign, the other Russian. In order to type the letter of the desired language, it must be selected at the bottom of the screen.
The computer “selects” the letters of the alphabet that is installed on it.
You can also change the alphabet by pressing two buttons at once:
Shift And Alt
Shift And Ctrl
How to print a capital letter
In order to type a capital letter, you need to hold down the Shift key and, together with it, click on the desired letter.
How to type a period and a comma
If the Russian alphabet is installed, then in order to print a dot, you need to press the last key in the bottom letter row. It is located in front of the Shift button.
To type a comma, press the same button while holding Shift.
When the English alphabet is selected, to print a dot you need to press the key that is located before the Russian dot. The letter "Y" is usually written on it.
And the comma in the English alphabet is located where the Russian letter “B” is written (before the English dot).
The Tab button is needed to indent the beginning of a sentence. This indentation is also called a paragraph or red line. Click at the beginning of the text and press the Tab key. If the red line is adjusted correctly, the text will move slightly to the right.
Below the key that makes the red line is the Caps Lock key. It is used to print large letters.
Press Caps Lock once and release it. Try typing a word. All letters will be printed in capitals. To cancel this feature, press the Caps Lock key again and release it. Letters, as before, will be printed small.
The long bottom button on the keyboard is called the space bar. It is needed to create spaces between words.
On the top right side is the Backspace button. Often there is simply an arrow drawn on it, pointing to the left.
This button is needed to erase letters. It removes those letters that are printed in front of the flashing stick (cursor). The Backspace button is also used to raise text higher.
Below the key for deleting text is the Enter key.
It is designed to lower the text and move to the next line.
Let's look at the buttons that are located between the alphabetic and numeric keyboards. These are buttons such as Insert, Home, Page Up, Delete, End, Page Down and arrow buttons. They are needed in order to work with text without the help of a mouse.
You can use the arrows to move the blinking cursor (flashing stick) across the text.
The Delete button is used to delete. True, unlike the Backspace key, which we talked about earlier, Delete deletes letters after the blinking cursor.
The Home button moves the blinking cursor to the beginning of the line, and the End key moves it to the end.
The Page Up key moves the blinking cursor to the beginning of the page, and the Page Down (Pg Dn) key moves the blinking cursor to the end of the page.
The Insert button is needed to print text over what has already been printed. If you press this key, new text will be printed, erasing the old one. To cancel this, you need to press the Insert key again.
All of these buttons are optional and are rarely or never used by people.
Your keyboard may also have Print Screen, Scroll Lock, Pause/Break buttons.
The Scroll Lock key is almost always completely useless. That is, it simply does not work. And in theory, it should serve to scroll information up and down - just like the wheel on a computer mouse does.
The Pause/Break key almost never works either. In general, it is designed to pause a running computer process.
But the Print Screen button may be useful to us. She takes a photo of the screen. Then we can paste this screenshot into Word or Paint. This photograph of the screen is called a screenshot.
In this article we looked at keyboard keys. Many of them, most likely, you will never need. But there are those keyboard keys that you will use quite often.
Keyboard buttons to remember
If you press this button and, without releasing it, any letter, it will be printed large. If you want to print the symbol: No. ! () * ? “+, etc., and not a number, then you need to press and hold the “Shift” button together with the number on which the symbol is drawn.
After pressing this button, all letters will be printed in capitals. To return to small letters, press the Caps Lock button again.
Indents (red line).
Space. Using this button you can add space between words.
Moves down a line. To do this, you need to place a flashing stick (blinking cursor) at the beginning of the part of the text that you want to move down, and press the Enter button.
Deletes the character before the blinking cursor. In other words, it erases text. This button also moves the text up a line. To do this, you need to place a flashing stick (blinking cursor) at the beginning of the part of the text that you want to move to the top, and press the “Backspace” button.
All other keyboard buttons, except letters, numbers and symbols, are used extremely rarely or never at all.
On the keyboard with which you type text,
There are quite a lot of buttons. Each of these buttons does something
needed. In this article we will look at the keyboard buttons and remember
those that will be useful to us for working with text.
Keyboard buttons
- key Esc.
Its full name is Escape and it means “Exit”. That is, with the help
With this button we can close some programs. To a greater extent this
concerns computer games.
A row of buttons that begins with a Latin letter
F is designed to control your computer without using a mouse.
That is, buttons F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, F10, F11, F12
are needed in order to do with the help of only one keyboard what
we do with the mouse (open and close folders and files, change
their name, copy, etc.). Most people for decades
are using a computer and don't know about any of these buttons. And you too
You don't have to pay attention to them.
<<>>
Just below there is a row of buttons with numbers and signs (!«»№;%:?*, etc.).
To print a sign instead of a number, press the key with the desired sign while holding down the Shift button.
If the character printed is not the one you wanted to print, try changing the alphabet (bottom right).
On many keyboards, the numbers are also on the right side.
They are located exactly the same as on a calculator and are more convenient for many people.
It happens that these numbers don't work. You press the key with the desired
number, but it is not printed. This means that the digital part is turned off
keyboards. To turn it on, you just need to press once
on the Num Lock button.
Let's move on to the most important part of the keyboard - the central part of the keys. Below the top numbers are letters.
Depending on what alphabet is installed
on the computer, those letters are printed. The alphabet can be changed by pressing
to the button indicating the language at the bottom of the screen.
You can also change the alphabet by clicking on two buttons at once:
Shift
And Alt
or
Shift
And Ctrl
How to print a capital letter
In order to type a capital letter, you need to hold down the Shift key and click on the desired letter together.
+ letter
How to type a period and a comma
If the Russian alphabet is installed, then in order to
To type a period, you need to press the last key in the lowercase letter
row. It is located in front of the Shift button.
To type a comma, press the same button while holding Shift.
When the English alphabet is installed, to print a dot, you need
press the key that is located in front of the Russian dot. on her
Usually the letter "Y" is written.
And the comma in the English alphabet is where the Russian letter “B” is written (before the English dot).
- The Tab button is needed to indent the beginning of a sentence.
This indentation is also called a paragraph or red line. Click
at the beginning of the text and press the Tab key. If the red line is correct
is configured, the text will move slightly to the right.
Under the key
The one that makes the red line is the Caps Lock key. She
used to print large letters.
Press Caps Lock once and release
her. Try typing a word. All letters will be printed
big. To cancel this function, press the Caps key again
Lock and release her. Letters, as before, will be printed small.
The long bottom button on the keyboard is called the space bar. It is needed to create spaces between words.
On the other side at the top there is a Backspace button. Often there is simply an arrow drawn on it, pointing to the left.
This button is needed to erase letters. She
removes those letters that are printed in front of the blinking cursor, that is
in front of the flashing stick. The Backspace button is also used to
to raise the text higher.
Below the key for deleting text is the Enter key.
It is designed to lower the text and move to the next line.
Consider the buttons that are between alphabetic and numeric
keyboard. These are buttons such as Insert, Home, Page Up, Delete, End,
Page Down and arrow buttons. They are needed in order to work
with text without using the mouse.
You can use the arrows to move the flashing cursor (flashing
stick) according to the text. The Delete button is used to delete. Is it true,
unlike the Backspace key we talked about earlier, Delete
deletes letters after the blinking cursor. Home button moves flashing
the cursor to the beginning of the line, and the End key to the end. Page key
Up moves the blinking cursor to the beginning of the page, and Page Down moves to the end
pages. Insert button to print text on top of already
printed. If you press this key, the new text will be
be printed by erasing the old one. To cancel this, you need to press again
to the Insert key.
All of these buttons are optional and are rarely or never used by people.
Your keyboard may also have Print Screen, Scroll Lock, Pause/Break buttons.
The Scroll Lock key is almost always completely useless. That is, she
it simply doesn't work. And in theory, it should serve in order to
to scroll information up and down, the way a wheel does it
on a computer mouse. The Pause/Break key is also almost never
does not work. In general, it is intended to suspend the current
computer process.
But we can use the Print Screen button
useful. She takes a photo of the screen. Then we can take this screenshot
paste into Word or Paint. This photograph of the screen is called a screenshot.
In this article we looked at keyboard keys.
Many of them, most likely, you will never need. But there is
those keyboard keys that you will use quite often.
Keyboard buttons to remember
- if you press this button and, without releasing it, any letter,
then it will be printed large. If you want to print the symbol: No. ! () *
? “+, etc., and not a number, then you need to press and hold the “Shift” button
along with the number with which the symbol is drawn.
- after pressing this button, all letters will be printed in capitals. To
return printing in small letters, you need to press the Caps button again
Lock.
- indents (red line).
- space. Using this button you can add space between words.
- drops to a line below. To do this you need to put a flashing stick
(blinking cursor) to the beginning of the part of the text you want to omit
down and press the Enter button.
- deletes the character before the blinking cursor. In other words, it erases text.
Also moves the text up a line. To do this you need to set the blinking
stick (blinking cursor) to the beginning of the part of the text you want
move up and press this button.
All other keyboard buttons, except letters, numbers and symbols, are rarely or never used.
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