Tasks, functions and structure of the department of the chief power engineer. The main tasks of the energy service - document What are the functions of the enterprise's energy service
Centralization of management of the complex energy sector of any consumer is carried out by the department of the chief power engineer (OGE). The department is headed by the chief power engineer, who is directly subordinate to the chief engineer of the enterprise. In its work, the department of the chief power engineer is guided by: current legislation, government decrees and orders, orders and instructions of the ministry, technical operation and safety rules for the operation of power equipment, regulations on the department of the chief power engineer of the enterprise
The functions of the department of the chief power engineer include: organizing the operation and repair of power equipment, preparing initial data and assignments for the design, construction and installation of new ones, as well as reconstruction of existing power plants, accounting for inventory and certification of all power equipment and networks, processing information about the availability and movement of existing reserve and redundant ones, as well as write-off of unusable power equipment, accounting of generated, purchased, released and consumed energy of the consumer. Development of energy standards, development of measures to save fuel and other types of energy, calculation and analysis of the actual cost of generated electrical energy, development and justification of applications for necessary energy equipment, energy resources, spare parts and materials, ensuring trouble-free operation of equipment, reducing equipment downtime, eliminating power supply interruptions , development of schedules and plans for repair of power equipment and their linkage with the corresponding schedules and plans for repair of industrial consumers of the plant, preparation of instructions for the operation and repair of power equipment, drawing up plans and reports on the work of the services of the chief power engineer.
To improve energy management at the enterprise, the following measures are being developed: improving the organizational structure through a clear division of rights and responsibilities performed in individual energy services, introducing intra-production independence to ensure the costs and profits of each structural unit, creating a clear regulatory framework as an indispensable conditions for ensuring intra-production independence, ensuring timely commissioning of new energy equipment subject to high material and technical supply of all parts of the energy sector, development and streamlining of indicators and forms of reporting and planning, correct processing of initial information, strengthening contractual relations with other divisions of the enterprise.
Department of the Chief Power Engineer, its structure and functions.
1. The department of the chief power engineer is an independent structural unit of the enterprise.
2. The department is created and liquidated by order of the General Director of the enterprise.
3. The department reports directly to the Deputy Chief Engineer for Maintenance.
4. The department is headed by the chief power engineer, appointed to the position by order of the director of the enterprise on the recommendation of the Deputy Chief Engineer for Maintenance.
5. In its activities, the department is guided by:
6.1. Charter of the enterprise.
7.2. This provision.
II. Department structure
1. The structure and staffing levels of the department are approved by the General Director of the enterprise based on the conditions and characteristics of the enterprise’s activities upon the proposal of the Deputy Chief Engineer for Maintenance and the Chief Mechanic and in agreement with the department of organization and remuneration.
2. The department of the chief power engineer includes the following structural divisions:
· Energy Bureau;
· Electrical equipment group;
· Group of thermal power and plumbing equipment;
· Electrical repair shop;
· Energy shop;
· Ventilation bureau;
· Preventive maintenance bureau;
· Group for electrical measurements of instrumentation and automation;
· Radio center;
· Telephone exchange.
3. Regulations on the divisions of the department of the chief power engineer (bureaus, sectors, groups, etc.) are approved by the technical director, and the distribution of responsibilities between employees of the departments is carried out by the chief power engineer.
Department functions
1. Organization of operation and timely repair of energy and environmental equipment and energy systems.
2. Uninterrupted supply of electricity, steam, gas, water and other types of energy to production.
3. Control over the rational use of energy resources at the enterprise.
4. Planning the work of energy shops and farms.
5. Development of repair schedules for power equipment and power networks.
6. Development of plans for the production and consumption of electricity, process fuel, steam, gas, water, compressed air by the enterprise, consumption rates and modes of consumption of all types of energy.
7. Drawing up applications and the necessary calculations for them for the purchase of energy equipment, materials, spare parts, for the supply of electrical and thermal energy to the enterprise and the connection of additional capacity to energy supply enterprises.
8. Development of measures to reduce energy consumption standards, introduce new equipment that contributes to more reliable, economical and safe operation of power plants, as well as increasing labor productivity.
9. Participation in the development of plans for the long-term development of the energy sector, plans for increasing production efficiency, in the preparation of proposals for the reconstruction, technical re-equipment of the enterprise, the introduction of means of comprehensive mechanization and automation of production processes.
10. Consideration of projects for reconstruction and modernization of energy supply systems of the enterprise and its divisions.
11. Drawing up technical specifications for the design of new and reconstruction of existing energy facilities.
12. Preparation of conclusions on developed projects.
13. Participation in testing and acceptance of power plants and networks for commercial operation.
14. Carrying out work to protect underground structures and communications.
15. Checking communications, alarms, accounting, control, protection and automation.
16. Timely presentation of boilers and pressure vessels to bodies exercising state technical supervision.
17. Development of measures to improve the efficiency of use of fuel and energy resources, reliability and efficiency of operation of power plants, prevention of accidents, creation of safe and favorable working conditions during their operation.
18. Monitoring compliance with labor protection and safety rules, instructions for the operation of power plants and the use of power equipment and networks.
19. Concluding agreements with third-party organizations to supply the enterprise with electricity, steam, water and other types of energy.
20. Storage, accounting of the presence and movement of energy equipment located at the enterprise, as well as accounting and analysis of electricity and fuel consumption, technical and economic indicators of the operation of the energy sector, accidents and their causes.
21. Carrying out certification and rationalization of jobs.
22. Introduction of new progressive methods of repair and operation of power equipment.
23. Preparation of opinions on rationalization proposals and inventions related to the improvement of energy equipment and energy supply.
6. BASIC ORGANIZATIONAL CHARTS OF ENERGY SUPPLY AT AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
In organizational terms, the most common are centralized scheme, decentralized scheme and mixed power supply scheme.
The choice of power supply scheme is based on the following factors:
Types of energy consumed, that is, if the consumer uses significant amounts of electrical and thermal energy in its production, then this can serve as the basis for the construction of a thermal power plant;
The amount of energy consumed of various types and the relationship between these quantities (CPS, CHP);
Availability of secondary energy resources. This factor may influence the choice of one of the proposed schemes, their types, and the possibility of participating in the consumer’s energy balance. The presence of secondary energy resources provides the basis for the construction of one’s own condensing or heating cycle power plant;
Availability of communication with external energy sources. In this case, preference should be given to centralized sources of energy supply, as the cheapest, and therefore preferable. An intermediate option could be centralized energy supply and individual heat supply. The choice of the optimal energy supply scheme for the consumer is determined by comparing the technical and economic indicators of various scheme options (the main technical and economic indicators and the methodology for their determination are discussed in the guidelines for the fourth section of the course work).
Direct production of various types of energy should be concentrated on large producers of energy products. In this case, the effect of concentration and centralization of energy supply is most clearly manifested. This effect is to reduce the cost of production per unit of energy products and improve its quality. Indicators of the quality of energy products are: voltage, current frequency, pressure and temperature of steam.
At energy supply enterprises, which are carried out according to a centralized scheme, the energy sector includes only power receivers, distribution networks and conversion installations. With a centralized energy supply scheme, the energy sector is combined into two workshops: electric power and thermal power. This is the simplest energy management
An individual power supply scheme can be of two types: individual - combined and individual - separate. In the first case, the energy sector includes a thermal power plant. In the second case, IES. The individual energy supply scheme has now become widespread due to the significant costs of both capital and operational costs associated with the maintenance and use of power plants.
The most widespread is the mixed energy supply scheme, in which the consumer buys electrical energy from the energy system, and the consumer receives all other types of energy (heat, compressed air, cold, oxygen) at his own power plants. In this case, the energy economy turns out to be significant in size and diverse in composition. The energy workshops included in the energy sector can reach up to 10, and the number of personnel servicing energy installations can reach up to 1000 or more people. For example, a gas generating station can be separated into an independent workshop and energy workshops such as a gas workshop can be created (gas networks, oxygen and acetylene stations, cold plants, industrial ventilation, communications and alarm workshops, and so on).
Few people know that in large factories and enterprises one of the most important people is the chief power engineer. It monitors the distribution of energy resources: electricity, heat. He also organizes reliable power supply and competent technical operation of energy systems, which affects the profitability of any enterprise. At any more or less large plant, this position is held in high esteem, but it requires a huge amount of knowledge and experience.
Main responsibilities
The chief power engineer is responsible for organizing the proper operation, repair and installation of power equipment, uninterrupted and reliable power supply to production. This official controls spending and compliance with the savings regime. The department of the chief power engineer is engaged in planning, organizing and implementing the effective operation of the energy sector, developing schedules for the repair of equipment and electrical networks, plans for the production or consumption of electricity, fuel, gas, steam, water. This deals with the preparation of applications and calculations for them for the purchase of equipment, spare parts and necessary materials, for the supply of energy, for connection if additional power is needed. Plans the prospects for the development of the energy sector, increasing the overall efficiency of production, prepares proposals for the reconstruction of the enterprise, and introduces process automation tools.
Gas service, which includes employees involved in the repair and operation of gas systems.
INTRODUCTION
The history of the enterprise dates back to August 1945 - the year of the great victory of the Soviet people in the Patriotic War. Then the Bobruisk interdistrict overhaul workshop of the Main Directorate of Repair Enterprises of the Ministry of Agriculture of the BSSR was organized. At the same time, a decision was made to build a machine and tractor workshop. In September 1948, the Bobruisk machine and tractor workshop was renamed the Bobruisk interdistrict overhaul workshop (MMKR). The functions of the workshop included: repair of tractor engines, production and registration of spare parts for tractors and agricultural machines. In July 1958, on the basis of the Bobruisk interdistrict overhaul workshop, the Bobruisk Repair Plant was created, whose tasks included the repair of GAZ-51 vehicles and tractor engines. At the end of 1959, the Bobruisk Repair Plant was renamed the Bobruisk Automotive Parts Plant and refocused on the production of new products - auto-tractor spare parts. During the process of restructuring, new equipment was installed, new types of products, new technologies were mastered, and new buildings were built. Already in 1963, the production of 24 types of spare parts for tractors and cars was mastered, and 16 types of spare parts for MTZ tractors were also adopted from MTZ and mastered. On April 11, 1972, the Minsk Production Association was organized in Minsk, which included the Bobruisk TD&A plant.
Today, the Bobruisk Plant of Tractor Parts and Assemblies is a modern industrial enterprise that has evolved from repair and machine-tractor workshops. The plant produces standard units and parts for the entire range of tractors produced by MTZ. The plant is constantly expanding its range of products. Since January 2007, the company began producing small-sized Belarus-320 tractors with a power of 36 hp. and its modifications: loading machine "Belarus MP-320", harvesting machine "Belarus MU-320", loading and harvesting machine "Belarus MPU-320", steering column for MTZ tractors, the range of disc wheels has been expanded. In December 2008, the first Belarus-422.1 tractor (49.8 hp) rolled off the assembly line, and in October 2009, the Belarus-422 (49.8 hp) and Belarus-622 tractors rolled off the assembly line. " (62.5 hp). At the end of 2009, RUE "BZTDiA" mastered the production of the Belarus-321 tractor (36 hp), and in December 2010 a new model of the Belarus-311 tractor (29.9 hp) was presented. This tractor model is produced without a cab with a roll bar.
The plant's products are in high demand both in the domestic market and in countries near and far abroad. The plant has been cooperating with Russia, Ukraine, the Baltic countries, Poland, Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Egypt, Spain, Serbia, and Vietnam for a long time. The sales markets for the company's products are constantly expanding.
1 STRUCTURE OF THE CHIEF POWER WORKER SERVICE
|
Figure 1 – Block diagram of the chief power engineer’s service.
General provisions
1.1 The service of the chief power engineer is a functional department of the company and is headed by the chief power engineer of the company.
1.2 The chief power engineer reports directly to the technical director of the company and is his deputy on issues of energy supply and operation of energy equipment and networks.
1.3 The chief power engineer of the enterprise exercises direct administrative and technical management of the department of the chief power engineer (OGE), the energy repair section (ERU), the power shop (boiler room), treatment plants (water), the press-welding shop (PSW), shop No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, mechanical repair shop (RMS), as well as technical and methodological management of the workshop power engineering services, and monitors the proper operation and repair of power equipment and networks of the enterprise.
1.4 In order to ensure uninterrupted power supply to the enterprise, the chief power engineer organizes the repair of energy equipment and networks by the workshops of the energy repair section, power shop (boiler room), and treatment plants (water).
1.5 The instructions of the chief power engineer of the enterprise on the operation, safety and repair of energy equipment and networks, the organization of energy services, as well as compliance with the rules for the technical operation of electrical and heating installations of consumers and safety rules for the operation of electrical and heating installations of consumers are mandatory for all heads of workshops and departments of the company.
1.6 A person with a higher professional (technical) education who has at least five years of experience in his specialty in engineering, technical and managerial positions may be appointed to the position of chief power engineer. The chief power engineer is appointed and dismissed by order of the general director.
In the absence of the chief power engineer, the performance of his duties is assigned to his deputies.
1.7. The chief power engineer of the enterprise is guided in his work by the current legislation of the Republic of Belarus, Resolutions and Orders of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus, Decrees and Decrees of the President of the Republic of Belarus, “Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers”, “Inter-industry rules for labor protection when working in electrical installations”, “Rules for the technical operation of heat-using installations and heat networks of consumers", "Safety rules for the operation of heat-using installations and heat networks of consumers", orders and instructions of the general director or technical director of the enterprise and these Regulations, internal labor regulations, other technical regulatory legal acts, policies and goals in the field of quality, other local regulatory legal acts.
Main tasks of the chief power engineer service
1.1 Uninterrupted supply of the enterprise with all types of energy.
1.2 Ensuring reliable, safe operation and high-quality repair of energy equipment and networks.
1.3 Rational use of fuel and energy resources.
1.4 Implementation of measures aimed at solving the problems set out in the plant’s Quality Policy.
1.3 Functions of the chief power engineer service
1.Organization of providing all types of energy (electricity, heat, water) to workshops, production sites and social and cultural facilities.
2. Execution of contracts with third-party organizations for the supply of electricity, steam, process water and wastewater reception to the enterprise. Drawing up applications for the consumption of thermal, electrical energy and technical water. Obtaining permission for special water use of artesian water.
3. Ensuring compliance with the orders of the energy system in terms of compliance with load schedules, power and heat consumption modes.
5.Organization of accounting of fuel and energy resources, analysis of the rational use of thermal and electrical energy.
6. Ensuring high-quality preparation and timely submission of reports on the operation of the enterprise’s energy sector in the prescribed manner.
7.Development of long-term plans for the development of the enterprise’s energy sector.
8.Planning the work of energy service workshops.
9.Organization and implementation of technical re-equipment, reconstruction and installation of new energy equipment and energy communications by the energy service.
10. Preparation of conclusions on developed projects. Participation in the acceptance into operation of power equipment of new and reconstructed facilities. Checking the quality and completeness of technical documentation. Preparation for industrial operation of energy facilities.
11. Coordination of applications for the purchase of equipment, materials, spare parts necessary for the operation and repair of energy facilities.
12.Organization of operation and repair of power equipment and networks in accordance with developed PPR schedules.
13.Organization of training, instruction and periodic testing of knowledge of the rules of technical operation and safe maintenance of power plants, monitoring their compliance.
14. Approval of norms for the consumption of fuel and energy resources for the production of products by the enterprise, maximum permissible levels of energy consumption of industrial facilities and other production consumption in the regional department for supervision of the rational use of fuel and energy resources.
15. Checking and agreeing on specific energy consumption standards for products manufactured by the enterprise’s workshops.
16.Development, together with production shops and departments of the company, of measures for the efficient use of fuel and energy resources. Monitoring their implementation.
17. Monitoring the rational use of fuel and energy resources and compliance by workshops with specific energy consumption standards.
18. Monitoring compliance by shops with the current “Rules for the technical operation of electrical installations of consumers”, “Inter-industry rules for labor protection when working in electrical installations”, “Rules for the installation of electrical installations”, “Rules for the technical operation of heat-using installations and heating networks of consumers”, “Safety rules for operation of heat-using installations and heat networks of consumers.”
19. Preparation of opinions on rationalization proposals and inventions related to the improvement of energy equipment and energy consumption.
2 FUNCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE FOREMAN FOR THE OPERATION OF THE EE SHOP
Before starting work:
3.1. Familiarize yourself with all the entries in the operational log for the time that has passed since his previous duty and operational orders for the workshop or service.
3.2. Familiarize yourself with the condition and operating mode of the main equipment of the workshop and the power supply diagram.
3.3. Obtain information about equipment that requires additional monitoring to prevent accidents and malfunctions.
3.4. Check the availability and accept upon shift of tools, keys to electrical installations, communications, protection and fire extinguishing equipment, measuring instruments, operational documentation and instructions, property according to the inventory.
3.5. Register the acceptance of the shift by recording in the operational journal with your signature and the signature of the person handing over the shift.
During operation:
3.6. Supervise the operating mode of electrical equipment. Carry out periodic inspections of equipment.
3.7. Strictly follow safety precautions and use protective equipment.
3.8. According to the requirements of the shift foreman, eliminate malfunctions in the circuits of emergency devices of technological equipment, which should be recorded in the operational log.
3.9. Before allowing repair personnel to work, according to orders or orders, prepare workplaces, i.e. Complete technical measures to ensure safe work. Supervise crews during work. Upon completion of the work, accept the workplace, the quality of the repair and prepare the equipment for switching on (start-up).
3.10. Carry out operational requests and orders for switching in accordance with operational documentation.
3.11. When inspecting the electrical installations of the workshop, pay attention to the correct actions of the process personnel when operating the equipment.
Upon completion of work:
3.12. Familiarize the shift taker with the condition and operating mode of the main equipment of the workshop, changes in the power supply circuit.
3.13. Inform the person taking over the shift about the electrical equipment taken out for repairs, about the teams working according to orders and orders.
3.14. Prepare tools, keys, documentation and
property according to the inventory.
3.15. Register the handing over of the shift by signing the person accepting and handing over the shift.
3 JOB RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE MASTER OF THE EO SHOP
3.1.
In accordance with the NPA RB, PP SMK BZTDiA-03, STP SMK-II-13, STP SMK-II-16, STP SMK-II-24, STP SMK-II-25, STP SMK-II-29, STP SMK- II-20, STP SMK-IV-63, STP SMK-III-49, SMK-IV-63, STP SMK-IV-68, STP SMK-IV-69, STP SMK-IV-72, AND SMK-II- 11 ERU repair master:
3.1.1.
Ensures trouble-free operation of all power equipment and trouble-free supply of all types of energy to workshop areas.
3.1.2.
Ensures and controls the timely and high-quality implementation of repairs of power equipment, networks in accordance with the schedule of PPR and TNLA on labor protection, timely verification of measuring and accounting instruments and timely verification of the correctability of equipment used during repairs;
3.1.3.
Ensures that subordinate employees comply with safety requirements when working in electrical installations in accordance with the “Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations” TKP 181-2009, “Safety rules for the operation of electrical installations” TKP 427-2012, “Rules for the construction of electrical installations” TKP 339-2011.
3.1.4.
Ensures reduction of equipment downtime during repairs through timely preparation and high-quality repairs.
3.1.5.
Participates in the acceptance and commissioning of new equipment and after repairs.
3.1.6.
Submits materials and applications to the head of the electrical control department regarding the imposition of penalties on workshop personnel who allow the irrational use of all types of energy and are responsible for breakdowns of electrical equipment.
3.1.7.
Ensures compliance with established lighting standards.
3.1.8.
Ensures the safety of power equipment, non-ferrous metals and other materials necessary for repairs.
3.1.9.
Participates in conducting periodic equipment inventories.
3.1.10.
Ensures proper safety and efficient use of fixed and working capital, material and energy resources.
3.1.11.
Participates in the development and implementation of technical development plan activities, corrective and preventive measures to improve the accuracy of equipment, tooling, TP stability and product quality.
3.1.12.
Carries out work to improve the qualifications and professional skills of workers, training them in related professions.
3.1.13.
Maintains a high level of production culture in the service.
3.2.
In accordance with the STP OSMS BZTDiA-4.4.1-2013, the electric switchgear repairman carries out daily periodic monitoring of the state of labor protection at the site and is obliged to ensure:
3.3.1
Know, understand and comply with the principles of the plant’s environmental policy.
3.3.2
Know and comply with the requirements of environmental legislation applicable to the activities of the unit. Ensures compliance and timely implementation by subordinate personnel of all requirements of legal regulations and technical regulations in the field of environmental protection and environmental management system documents.
3.3.3
Ensure and control the rational and economical use of natural resources, raw materials and materials. Ensure the implementation of planned environmental protection measures and resource savings.
3.3.4
Bring to the attention of subordinate personnel information about environmental requirements applicable to the activities of the department and workshop. Conduct training, instruction and testing of knowledge of subordinate employees on environmental protection issues with mandatory registration in the instruction logbook.
3.3.5
Timely identify and report to the workshop management:
- about all cases of non-compliance by employees with the requirements of environmental legislation and EMS documents;
- about possible or occurred violations in the operation of sites and equipment that may lead to or have led to unauthorized pollution of the environment or violation of environmental legislation.
3.3.6
Suspend or stop the operation of equipment if there is a threat of unauthorized contamination of the OS, irreversible changes to the OS, as well as the life and health of workers.
3.3.7
Organize effective and efficient work of subordinate personnel to eliminate incidents and emergencies that affect the operating system. Participate in the development of action plans to prevent and eliminate accidents and other incidents that affect the operating environment.
3.3.8
Develop and present to the workshop management measures aimed at reducing emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, wastewater discharges, production waste generation, as well as preventing emergency emissions and discharges;
3.3.9
Ensure timely repair and maintenance of ventilation, water supply and sewerage systems, gas purification and dust collection installations in accordance with current regulations and technical regulations in the field of environmental protection.
3.3.10
Ensure cleaning and maintenance of the site and surrounding areas in proper condition;
3.3.11
Ensure the management of production waste in accordance with the approved instructions and in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Belarus.
3.3.12
Provides necessary information on equipment operation issues.
3.3.13
Maintain up-to-date diagrams of the ventilation, water supply and sewerage systems of the workshop
4 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY
Before starting work on electrical installations, it is necessary to carry out organizational and technical measures for safety reasons. Organizational measures include the issuance of work orders, instructions and permission to work, supervision during work, registration of breaks in work, transfers to another workplace and completion of work.
A work order is a task for the safe performance of work, defining its location and content, start and end times, necessary safety measures, the composition of the team and persons responsible for the safety of the work. The work order is issued on a special form.
An order is an assignment for the performance of work, defining its content, place and time, safety measures and persons entrusted with performing this work. Work orders and orders are issued by persons who have an electrical safety group of at least V in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, and at least IV in installations with voltages up to 1000 V. The work order is issued as a carbon copy in two copies and issued to the operating personnel immediately before the start of preparation of the workplace . When working alongside a team, the team must consist of at least two people - the work supervisor and a team member. The work performer is responsible for the correct preparation of the workplace and the implementation of safety measures necessary for the work. He also instructs the team about these measures, ensures their implementation by its members, and monitors the serviceability of tools, rigging, and repair equipment. The manufacturer of work carried out in addition in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V must have an electrical safety group of at least IV, in installations up to 1000 V and for work performed by order - not lower than III.
Admission to work is carried out by an admitting person - a responsible person from the operational staff. Before admission to work, the responsible manager and the work foreman, together with the person admitting him, check the implementation of technical measures to prepare the workplace. After this, the person admitting checks the compliance of the composition of the team and the qualifications of the persons included in it, reads along the surname of the responsible manager, the work foreman, team members and the content of the assigned work; explains to the team where the voltage has been removed, where the ground connections have been made, which parts of the repaired and adjacent connections remain energized, and what special conditions for the work must be observed; indicates to the brigade the boundaries of the workplace and makes sure that everything he says is understood by the brigade.
After explanations, the permitter proves to the team that there is no voltage, for example, in installations above 35 kV by applying grounding, and in installations 35 kV and below, where the grounding is not visible from the place of work, using a voltage indicator and touching live parts with a hand.
From the moment the team is allowed to work, the work manager or supervisor carries out supervision to prevent violations of safety requirements. The supervisor is prohibited from combining supervision with the performance of any work and leaving the team unattended while it is being performed. The short-term absence of one or more team members is allowed. In the absence of the work performer, if he cannot be replaced by the responsible manager or the person who issued this work order, or a person from the operational staff, the team is removed from the switchgear, the switchgear door is locked and a break in work is issued. Compliance with safety regulations by workers is periodically checked. If violations of safety regulations are detected or other circumstances threatening the safety of workers are identified, the work order is taken away from the work manager and the team is removed from the work site.
When there is a break in work during the working day, the team is removed from the plant; after the break, none of the team members has the right to enter the plant in the absence of the work manager or supervisor, since during the break changes in the scheme may occur that affect the conditions of work.
Upon completion of the work, the workplace is put in order and accepted by the responsible manager, who, after the team has left, the work producer signs the work order for their completion.
Operating personnel inspects equipment and work areas, checks for the absence of people, foreign objects, tools, removes grounding and checks in accordance with the accepted accounting procedure, removes temporary fencing, removes “Work here”, “Climb here” posters, installs permanent fencing in place, removes posters posted before work begins.
Upon completion of the above work, the work order is closed and the electrical installation is turned on. Technical measures include turning off the voltage and taking measures to prevent the erroneous or spontaneous switching on of switching equipment, hanging prohibiting posters, applying grounding, hanging warning and ordering posters.
Safety instructions:
· do not allow a worker to access the machine without first familiarizing him with the safety rules and instructions for servicing the machine;
· be guided by the cutting modes established for this machine;
· It is prohibited to adjust mechanisms during operation;
· cleaning and wiping, as well as adjustment of the machine must be carried out during a complete stop. The machine must be disconnected from the power supply;
· do not turn on the circuit breaker if the door of the electrical equipment cabinet is not closed;
· the workplace at the machine should not be slippery or cluttered;
· When leaving the machine, you must disconnect it from the network.
6 ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING OPERATION OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN THE SHOP
THE MAIN GOAL is to reduce as much as possible the negative impact of production processes on the environment.
PRINCIPLES of environmental policy of RUE “BZTDiA”:
Comply with legal and regulatory requirements in the field of environmental protection;
- implement organizational and technical measures aimed at consistently reducing negative impacts on the environment;
- constantly improve the environmental management system and increase the efficiency of its operation;
- constantly improve the level of personnel knowledge in the field of environmental protection.
COMMITMENTS of the management and staff of RUE "BZTDiA" in achieving the goal and compliance with the principles of environmental policy:
Improve existing production processes, providing for a reduction in specific emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere, the formation of contaminated wastewater and waste;
- exercise strict control and strive to gradually reduce the volume of consumption and formation of hazardous chemicals in the main and auxiliary production processes;
- provide a preliminary assessment of the technogenic impact on the environment when developing new technological processes, purchasing raw materials, materials and equipment and constructing new production facilities;
Develop environmental management programs that ensure continuous reduction of environmental pressure;
- ensure environmental monitoring in the zone of influence of the enterprise;
- interact and cooperate with authorities, the public and the media on environmental issues.
Compliance with the principles and obligations of environmental policy: - the key to an optimal combination of environmental interests with the socio-economic needs of society and promoting the sustainable development of the Republic of Belarus.
7 EVENTS FOR RATIONAL USE AND ENERGY SAVINGS
1)Installation of LED ceiling lights. Reduces energy consumption by 8 times, payback period is 9-15 months.
2) Thermal insulation of external heating mains (payback period 1 heating season)
3) Installation of 24V LED lamps in showers instead of incandescent lamps
4) Installation of LED lamps instead of mercury-containing lamps (requiring disposal costs), local lighting of machines, and ABK lamps.
5)Replacement of motors with increased currents with new ones with rated values (10 - 20% savings)
Course work
Subject: Organization and management in agriculture
Topic: Organization of energy service in agriculture
Introduction
Initial data
Planning the electricity needs of an agricultural enterprise using the normative method
Calculation of the staffing group of the energy sector and design of its production and organizational structure
1 Staffing number of electricians.
Production and energy structure of the energy sector
Designing the composition of the repair and operational base and determining the capital investment for it
Calculation of production costs for energy services
3 Calculation of official salaries of managers and specialists:
Calculation of other energy sector items
2 Calculation of costs for fuels and lubricants
4 Utility costs
5 TB costs
6 Other costs
Calculation of non-production costs of the energy sector
Performance indicators of the electrical technical service
Calculation of economic efficiency of improving energy management
Economic calculation
Bibliography
Introduction
The basis of modern productive forces is electrification. The level of electricity production and consumption is one of the main indicators of the economic power of the state. The impact of electrification on production and on the life of society is extremely great.
Electrical energy is the main means of mechanization and automation of labor processes, which are increasingly reduced to setting up machines and monitoring their operation.
Ensuring the production of competitive agricultural products and making a profit is the main task of an agricultural enterprise. To accomplish this task, high rates of implementation of scientific and technological progress are required, as well as improvement of the organization of production in agricultural enterprises based on different forms of ownership of the means of production.
The development of market relations in the country's agro-industrial complex requires rural specialists to master economic knowledge. Electrical engineers are directly involved in technical and economic analysis of the energy sector, long-term and current planning, issues of labor organization and material incentives in the department, and calculation of production costs. Engineers must use self-supporting forms and methods in their activities and act independently and entrepreneurially.
Purpose of the work: the course work is aimed at consolidating by students the acquired theoretical knowledge, the ability to use it in solving practical problems, mastering the methods of organizing and planning work on the energy sector of agricultural enterprises.
1. Tasks, functional responsibilities and rights of the energy service of an agricultural enterprise
The energy service of an agricultural enterprise in its activities is guided by the Charter of the agricultural enterprise, the current rules of design, technical operation and safety regulations for the operation of electrical installations, heating and electrical networks, gas facilities and other regulatory and technical documentation.
The energy service is in charge of electrical and heating equipment and installations, heat supply networks, refrigeration equipment and gas facilities.
The main tasks of the energy service are: long-term and current planning, development and improvement of the energy sector based on scientific and technological progress; organizing reliable and safe operation of electrical installations, ensuring uninterrupted, high-quality and economical power supply; efficient use of all types of energy resources, material and monetary costs of the energy sector; introduction of progressive forms of organization and remuneration.
The energy service of agricultural enterprises has the right to give mandatory instructions for the divisions of the enterprise on the technical operation of energy installations, compliance with specified limits and norms of energy consumption and operating modes of electrical installations; compliance with safety regulations; together with the economic service of the enterprise, conduct an economic analysis of the work of the energy sector, develop long-term and current plans for the development and operation of the energy sector, develop standards for the consumption of energy and material resources, cost limits, improve the organization of labor and management in the department, determine forms and systems of remuneration.
Initial data
Table 1. Initial data.
Volume of gross output, million rubles 6500 Area of agricultural land, hectares 25000 Average annual number of employees, people 420 Total installed capacity, kW incl. electric motors 14000 1800 Electricity consumption in production, thousand kWh. 2400 Amount of work, conv. units 1300 Number of dairy herds, heads 1200 Number of fattening cattle, heads 600 Number of pigs, heads. 800Gross grain harvest, t. 10000Hay production, t. 800
3. Planning the electricity needs of an agricultural enterprise using the normative method
The main indicator characterizing the energy sector is the volume of work in conventional units. Depending on its size, all the main parameters of the energy sector are determined: the volume of the repair and maintenance base, the number of employees, and others.
The volume of work on energy management is determined by recalculating the physical strength of units of energy equipment installed at the enterprise into conditional strength using standard coefficients. The physical number of units and the nomenclature of equipment are determined according to the energy management passport. Equipment must be grouped by nomenclature, type and environmental conditions in which it operates.
Calculation of the volume of work on maintenance and routine repairs of energy equipment for the planning period should be based on plans for the production of agricultural products and take into account the introduction of new technologies with the installation of new equipment for them.
1 Calculation of electricity consumption standards for agricultural consumers
It is recommended to plan the household's annual electricity needs on the basis of scientifically developed standards for power consumption, distribution and saving of electrical energy, as well as monitoring the efficiency of its use. The main method for developing standards is calculation-analytical, which involves their determination by calculation according to expense items. The norm depends on the specific conditions of the enterprise.
Significant factors influencing its value and taken into account in the calculation are: production technology; level of electrification, that is, a list of electrified technological processes; climatic conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the standards given in the reference literature (standards for the central climatic region at a 100% level of electrification), taking into account the characteristics of a particular object.
The actual level of electrification is taken into account by summing up the specific electricity consumption only for electrified processes. Adjustment for climatic conditions is carried out:
where: Ni is the rate of electricity consumption for the i -th process;
Nsp - specific energy consumption for a process depending on climatic conditions (heating, ventilation); = 1.3 correction factor for the East Siberian region.
Electricity consumption standards are calculated by industry and production facilities
1.1 Calculation of energy consumption standards for dairy farms
The enterprise has 1,200 head of dairy herd, which are kept on four farms. Calculations of consumption rates are summarized in Table 2.
Table 2. Calculation of energy consumption standards for dairy farms.
Process Specific energy consumption, kWh/head of cattle (milk herd) Milking cows Manure removal Feed preparation Feed distribution Water supply Water heating Milk processing Ventilation Lighting Air heating60 20 20 6 20 120*3=150 40*1.3=52 100*1.3=130 20 350*1.3=455 Electricity consumption norm 933
Electricity consumption:
Emol.stad = N*ngoal
nhead - number of livestock
Emol.stad = 933*1200 = 1119600 kW*h
1.2 Calculation of energy consumption standards for fattening livestock
The enterprise has 600 head of fattening cattle, which are kept in the feedlot.
Table 3. Calculations of consumption rates at the feedlot.
Process Specific energy consumption, kWh/head. Feed preparation Feed distribution Manure removal Water supply Ventilation and heating Lighting 15 6 4 8 47*1.3=61.1 18 Electricity consumption rate 112.1
Electricity consumption:
Feeding = N*ngoal
Where N is the power consumption rate
nhead - number of livestock
Feeding = 112.1*600 = 67260 kWh
1.3 Calculation of power consumption standards for a pig farm
The enterprise has 800 pigs, which are kept in the complex.
Calculations of consumption rates are summarized in Table 2.
Table 4. Electricity consumption standards on the farm and animal fattening complexes.
Process Specific electricity consumption, kWh/head.PigsFarmPreparing feed Feed distribution Manure removal Water supply Ventilation and heating Lighting16 4 16 4 275*1.3=357.5 20 Electricity consumption rate 417.5
Electricity consumption:
Esvin. = N*ngoal
Where N is the power consumption rate
nhead - number of livestock
Esvin. = 417.5*800 = 334000 kWh
Electricity consumption in livestock farming:
Ezh = Emol.stud+Eotfed.+Esvin. = 1119600+67260+334000 = 1520860 kWh
1.4 Calculation of energy consumption standards in crop production
In crop production, consumption rates are calculated in a similar way or if standard technology is available, the rates are taken from reference literature, for example, for grain cleaning stations, depending on the brand.
The enterprise carries out grain cleaning and drying (electric heating and all conveyors). Grain processing is carried out at a standard grain cleaning drying station type KZS - 10B.
Processed out of 10,000 tons: 6,000 tons - food grain;
t. - seed grain.
The norm for food grain is 8 kWh/t.
The norm for seed grain is 11 kWh/t.
Electricity consumption:
Where N is the power consumption rate
n - consumer
Ezerno = 8*6000+4000*11= 92000 kWh
The rate of electricity consumption for drying hay by active ventilation depends on the type (variety) of crop and climatic conditions, therefore, as a rule, the standards on farms are established experimentally, its rate is 10 kWh/t. The volume of hay to be dried is 60%, i.e. - 500t.
Electricity consumption:
Where N is the power consumption rate
n - consumer
Eseno = 500*10 = 5000 kWh
Electricity consumption in crop production:
Erast = Ezerno + Eseno. = 92000 + 5000 = 97000 kWh
Electricity consumption for production purposes:
Eproiz = Ezhiv + Erast = 1520860 + 97000 = 1617860 kWh
Calculation of the planned annual electricity demand for the entire agricultural enterprise.
Eproch = 10% Eproiz = 0.1*1617860 = 161786 kWh
Epoteri = 5%*Eproiz = 0.05*1617860 = 80893kWh
Egod = Eproiz + Eproch + Epot = 1617860 + 161786 + 80893 = 1860521 kWh
where Epoter - losses of electricity, are taken according to the norm of permissible losses. They are equal to 5% of all electricity consumed.
Other - other electricity needs (repair shops, garages, vegetable stores, production and processing workshops, other unaccounted for industrial consumers) can be taken based on actual consumption in the previous period or approximately. We accept 10% of planned consumption in the crop and livestock sectors.
Eproiz. - electricity consumption for production purposes in the livestock and crop production sectors.
4. Calculation of the staffing group of the energy sector and design of its production and organizational structure
The number of employees in the energy sector of the enterprise is determined independently. To rationally workload workers, it is recommended to use labor cost standards for workers and specialists
1 Staffing number of electricians
The staffing number of electricians is determined depending on the number of works on maintenance and repair of electrical equipment, expressed in conventional units:
nel = Vex/Vsp,
where: Vsp is the average load per electrician, Vsp = 100 arb. units
Vex - volume of work, arb. units Vex =1300 arb. units
Staffing number of electricians in the energy sector:
nel = Vex/Vud =1300/100 = 13 people
The number of electricians engaged in routine repairs and operation of equipment is determined based on the number of electrified facilities, the length of power lines, the number of transformer substations and other electrical equipment on the balance sheet of the enterprise’s energy sector.
The number of electricians-installers depends on the volume of work on the installation of new and reconstruction of existing electrical installations. Since the volume of work in the energy sector is small, it is not advisable to introduce an additional installation team. It is much more efficient and economical to use, if necessary, the services of a third-party organization specializing in the installation of electrical installations.
The number of electrician repairmen is also determined based on the PPR schedule, taking into account the coefficient of the share of current repairs. The classification composition of electricians in the energy sector is determined based on the structure of work in terms of complexity; the approximate number of workers by category is taken as follows: II category - 10%; III category - 20%; IV category - 40%; V category - 20% and VI category - 10% of the total number of electricians.
2 Staffing number of specialists
Staffing standards for determining the number of engineers and electrical engineers are established depending on the volume of service in conventional units.
An electrical engineer supervises the staff in accordance with staff standards.
Table 5. Staff list of energy sector personnel.
Position Number of employees Including electricians by category IIIIIIVVVI Electrical engineer (supervisor) 1 Electrical technician 2 Electrician 1313531
5. Production and energy structure of the energy sector
The energy service of agricultural enterprises is designed to ensure the efficient and safe operation of energy equipment and the rational use of electrical energy. The organizational structure of the energy sector depends on the composition of the repair and operational base, the dispersal and concentration of production of the agricultural enterprise, the staffing of service personnel and other factors. Internally, the energy service is divided into electrical service, heating service, gasification service, maintenance of means of dispatch communications, refrigeration equipment, energy utility facilities and others, depending on the composition of the equipment being serviced
Energy service structure
The organization of labor in the energy service of an agricultural enterprise consists of the formation of teams and units specializing in various areas of activity, the organization of jobs, ensuring work and rest, and depends on the form of service organization and the production structure of the agricultural enterprise. As a rule, teams and units consist of 2-6 people specializing in certain types of activities. The brigade is headed by a foreman from among electricians who has a higher rank.
The energy service of the economy, which is headed by the leading electrical engineer, is divided into: the operation service and the repair and installation service, which in turn are led by an electrical technician and an electrical technician, reporting directly to the leading electrical engineer. The operation service includes 2 teams: an emergency response team and an on-site team, led by electricians of the highest ranks (5th). The repair and installation service includes a repair and installation team, headed by a 6th category electrician.
6. Designing the composition of the repair and operational base and determining the capital investment for it
In accordance with the system of scheduled preventive maintenance of electrical equipment of agricultural enterprises, the energy service must perform: maintenance, operational maintenance, eliminate accidents and conduct periodic control measurements and tests in power plants.
For these purposes, a material and technical base of the energy sector is created, the composition of which is determined by the volume of work in conventional units, the types and volumes of work performed, the organization of their implementation and other factors.
The repair and operational base of the electrical service is a technical service point (repair base), electrician posts and vehicles with a mobile electrical laboratory.
As a rule, the sum of work in conventional units for all objects should not exceed the total amount of work on the energy sector.
To rationally organize the operation of electrical equipment on farms, they plan the annual need for repair materials and spare parts, and a reserve fund for electrical equipment. Calculation of the need for repair materials and spare parts is carried out in accordance with the PPR system and consumption standards
Capital investments in the repair and operational base are determined by the formula:
electricity agricultural electrical farm
Kr.b. = ? Ki,
Where Ki is capital investment in a specific object, million rubles. (repair base, electrician's station).
The repair base is selected depending on the volume of work in standard units. In this farm it is necessary to have a base for repairing electrical equipment of the 2nd category (1300 conventional units).
The base provides 2000-2500 conditional repairs and 700-1000 current repairs of electric motors per year. In accordance with the organizational structure of the enterprise, i.e. number of units, select the number and types of electrician posts, and a mobile electrodiagnostic laboratory. Depending on the volume of work performed at the enterprise, the electrician station option (1,2,3) and their number are selected. We select 1 electrician’s post of the first option and 2 posts of the 2nd option, which we arrange according to objects.
We also select one mobile laboratory.
Table 6. Costs of depreciation and technical equipment of fixed assets.
Name of fixed assets of production Quantity Book value, thousand rubles Depreciation costs, thousand rubles Costs for technical equipment, thousand rubles units Total Norm Total Norm Total 1 Electrical repair bases. installations: building equipment 1 600 200 600 200 1.7 14.2 10.2 38.4 4 7.1 24 19.172 PTO -------3 Electrician's station 1var: building equipment 1 100 70 100 70 1.7 14.2 1.7 9.94 4 7.1 4 4.974 Electrician's station 2var: building equipment 2 100 95 200 190 1.7 14.2 3.4 26.98 4 7.1 8 13.495 Electrician's station 3var: building equipment - - - - - - -6 Mobile electrodiagnostic laboratory 1,450 450 12.7 57.15 9 40.57 Power lines, km.51809004360.54.58 TP4400160034.4550.4203209 Backup electric motors, kW 130 1 1300 6.6 8.58 5.2 6.76Total 4535746.24447.17
7 Calculation of production costs for energy services
To determine the costs of maintaining the energy sector, an annual estimate is developed. The basis for the development of the annual estimate is the staffing table, tariff rates, official salaries and the current wage system, the cost of materials and spare parts for repair and maintenance needs (according to the PPRsh schedule), the cost of operating vehicles, depreciation and other costs.
Total energy costs are associated with the maintenance and repair of energy equipment. Planned costs are grouped according to the following expense items:
Ie.x = Ie.e. + Io.t.+ Ia.m. + It.r. + Iz.ch. + It.b. + I.o. + Itr. + Total, thousand rubles
Where is Ie.e. - costs of purchasing electricity, thousand rubles.
And from. - wage fund for energy sector personnel, thousand rubles.
Ia.m., It.r. - costs of depreciation and current repairs of fixed assets and energy facilities, thousand rubles.
Iz.ch. - costs of materials and spare parts, thousand rubles.
It.b. - labor protection and safety costs, thousand rubles.
Is.o. - costs for workwear and footwear, thousand rubles.
Itr. - costs of transport work, thousand rubles.
General - general production costs for maintaining equipment and energy facilities, thousand rubles.
1 Calculation of tariff rates and official salaries
Tariff rates and official salaries are calculated on the basis of the minimum wage established by the state and the annual wage fund of the energy sector.
Specific tariff rates and official salaries, as well as conditions in their amounts between categories of personnel and employees of various professional and qualification groups are established independently at each enterprise.
The planned wage fund must be calculated based on the minimum wage established by the state. In order to prevent equalization of remuneration for simple and complex work, it is necessary to maintain the current ratios in the amounts of tariff rates and salaries within the enterprise independently.
Hourly tariff rate for an electrician of the 1st category:
TCI = M * R1: R2: R3 * R4
Where M is the minimum monthly wage for the planned period (1100 rubles);
R2 - industry coefficient for electricians (1.3);
R2 - average number of working days in a month (25.2);
R3 - number of hours in a working day, (6.7);
R4 - coefficient taking into account the economic situation of the enterprise is in the range from 1 to 2 (1.5);
TCI - tariff rate of the first category.
TCI = M * R1: R2: R3 * R4 = 1100 * 1.3: 25.2: 6.7 * 1.5 = 12.7 rub./hour
Then the tariff rate of the i-th category is determined by the formula:
ТСi = ТCI * Rр, rub./hour
Where Rр is the bit coefficient.
Tariff rates for other categories and official salaries of energy sector specialists are determined according to a single eighteen-bit tariff scale for labor remuneration.
Table 7. Tariff rates for electricians.
CategoryIIIIIIIVVVIForemanTariff coefficient11,111,231,361,511,67V rVI rTariff rate rub./hour12,714,115,617,319,221,221,123,3
For expanding the range of responsibilities, the foreman's tariff rate was increased by 10%.
2 Calculation of the wage fund for electricians in the energy sector
The remuneration of an electrician must take into account bonuses, regional coefficient, and social tax.
Electricians' wage fund:
FOTelek. = TCi *T* Kdop * Kryon * Ksots. *
Where Kdop - bonus accruals (1.3);
Kryon - regional coefficient (1.3);
Xoc. - social coefficient (1.261);
ТСi - tariff rate for the total category;
T - planned working time fund;
Number of electricians.
We summarize the calculation of the working time fund in table8, and summarize the calculation of the total wage fund in table8.
Table 8. Calculation of the total wage fund.
Rank Number of TFKol-vokdopkrksotsFOTelectricianelectricianrub./hourhours II114.118601.31.31.26155890.0III315.618601.31.31.261185507.1IV517.318601.31.31.261342871.1V119.2186 01.31.31.26176105.5V br. 221.118601.31.31.261167273.5VI br.123.318601.31.31.26192357.2Total 920004.3
3 Calculation of official salaries of managers and specialists
DO = M * Kotr * Kakon * Ktarif, rub.
where: M is the minimum monthly wage for the planned period, rub.
Kotr is an industry coefficient that takes into account the conditions, intensity and prestige of work in various professions. It is installed at the enterprise and for specialists it is recommended in the amount of 1.3 - 1.5.
Ktarif - digit coefficient.
There are 3 specialists in the electrical facilities of the enterprise: the head of the electrical facilities - an electrical engineer and two electrical technicians - heads of the operation service, repair and installation service.
Then the salary of specialists will be:
DO.eng.el = 1100 * 1.3 * 1.5 * 3.12 = 6692.4 rub.
DOtech.el. = 1100 * 1.3 * 1.5 * 2.89 = 6199.1 rub.
Payroll fund for specialists:
FOTspecial = (DOeng.el. * Kdop * Kryon * Ksots+ n * DOTechn.el * Kdop * Kryon * Ksots)*12
FOTspecial = (6692.4*1.3*1.5*1.261 + (2*6199.1*1.3*1.5*1.261)*12 = 563314.24 rub./year
Energy wage fund:
PHOT? = FOTspecial + PHOTotch. = 563314.24 + 920004.3 = 1483317.63 rubles/year
8. Calculation of other energy sector items
The calculation of other cost items is reduced to cost calculations: spare parts; fuels and lubricants; on electricity costs spent for own needs; public utilities; safety and other costs.
1 Costs of spare parts and materials
The planned need for materials and spare parts is determined in accordance with the annual schedule of preventative maintenance of equipment and their consumption rates. Their costs are determined by a summary statement of annual requirements for materials and spare parts, and current prices. Enlarged, this cost item can be calculated as a percentage of the tariff fund of production workers or according to the standard per one conventional unit:
Tariff payroll for an electrician:
TFEl = FOT/Kotr * Kryon * Ksots
Where TFEl is the tariff fund for the electrician’s labor
TFEl = 920004/1.3*1.5*1.261 = 431704.15 rub.
Standard costs for spare parts and materials:
Iz.ch. = TFEl*186/100
Where Iz.ch. - standard costs for spare parts and materials;
The costs of spare parts and materials in aggregate amount to 186% of the tariff fund for electricians.
Iz.ch. = 431704.15*(186/100) = 802969.72 rubles.
8.2 Calculation of costs for fuel and lubricants
IGSM = P * U* TsGSM
Where P is the mileage per year, 15,000 km/year;
U - specific consumption, l/100 km.
On the balance sheet of the energy sector there is a GAZ-53 car, the specific consumption of which, according to the technical passport, is 30 liters per 100 kilometers;
CGSM - price of 1 liter of fuel and lubricants. The on-farm price of 1 liter of fuels and lubricants (AI-80 gasoline) for the current period is 15 rubles/liter.
Then the costs for fuel and lubricants will be:
IGSM = P * U * TsGSM = 15000 * (30/100) * 15 = 67500 rub.
3 Costs of electricity spent for own needs
Is.s. = ?Pi * Ti * Ttar
Where? Pi - the total power of the total equipment of the operational base and electrician posts, kW;
Ti - the number of hours of work per year, is 1860 hours;
Ttar - electricity tariff 1.5 rubles. for 1 kWh.
Power: repair base 25 kW*h
Electrician's station of the first option 1.5 kWh
Electrician's station of the second option 1.7 kWh
Is.s. = (25+(1.5*1)+(1.7*2))*1860 * 1.5 = 83979 rub.
8.4 Utility costs
Utility costs make up 19.3% of the tariff fund for electricians. Basically, the costs of utilities are: the sphere of cultural and consumer services, that is, lighting and electric drives in public utilities, street lighting, water supply and sewerage, heating; as well as electricity consumption in the everyday life of the rural population (lighting, household appliances, hot water supply and heating of premises, work on private farms).
5 TB costs
Safety costs mainly consist of the costs of protective clothing, footwear, protective equipment and related materials intended for the safety of operating personnel and to prevent electric shock.
Safety costs amount to 33.5% of the tariff fund for electricians and are determined by the formula:
6 Other costs
Other costs mainly include the cost of maintaining equipment and energy facilities, wear and tear of equipment and tools, costs of tests, analyzes and inspections.
We assume the amount of other costs to be 5.5% of the electricians’ wage fund.
7 Costs for purchasing electricity:
Ie.e = Egod*1.5
Ie.e = 1860521*1.5 = 2790781.5 rub.
8 Annual cost estimate for maintaining energy facilities
The costs of maintaining the energy sector are distributed by quarter as follows:
I quarter - 22.5%;
II quarter - 23.0%;
III quarter - 28.0%;
IV quarter - 26.5%.
An annual cost estimate for maintaining the energy sector is drawn up to illustrate the distribution of costs among individual items.
In general, all costs by item should not exceed the planned deductions for these purposes. Calculations of the annual cost estimate for maintaining the energy sector are summarized in Table 9
Table 9. Annual cost estimate for maintaining the energy sector.
9. Calculation of non-production costs of the energy sector
In the event of an emergency failure of electrical equipment, the enterprise's energy sector incurs non-production costs, which include technological damage caused by the accident and costs associated with replacing electrical equipment. Non-production costs depend mainly on the state of operation of electrical equipment.
Non-production costs are determined by the formula:
N = ne.d. * (??/100) * Uud.
Where n.e.d. - number of electric motors at the enterprise, pcs.
Failure rate of electric motors;
Uud. - specific damage per 1 failed electric motor, rub.; Uud. = 5000 rub.
The number of electric motors at the enterprise is determined based on the total power of the electric motors, it is equal to 1800 kW. Most electric motors used in agriculture have a power of 5 kW, so we take the average power of one electric motor as 5 kW. Then the number of electric motors will be determined as:
n.e.d. = ?Re.d./Rsr..ed.d. = 1800/5 = 360 pcs.
Where? Re.d - total power of electric motors, kW.;
Rsr..e.d. - average power of one electric motor, kW.
During the current reporting period, the failure rate of electric motors at the enterprise was 25% of the total number of electric motors. During the planned period, due to the staffing of the electrical technical service, as well as the provision of its appropriate repair base, it was possible to reduce the emergency failure of electric motors to 5% of the total number of electric motors.
N25% report = 230*(25/100)*5000 = 450,000 rub.
N5%plan = 360*(5/100)*5000 = 90,000 rub.
10. Performance indicators of the electrical technical service
The planned production indicators of the electrical engineering service include such indicators as: the cost of using electrical energy, the volume of electricity consumption, the amount of work, the fleet of electric motors, etc. The planned production indicators of the energy sector are presented in Table 10.
Table10. Performance indicators of the electrical technical service
IndicatorsReporting dataPlanned (calculated) value1. Scope of work on energy management, conv. unit 80013002. Volume of electricity consumption, thousand kW × h1209.341860.523. Number of employees, 9164 people, including 7135 electricians. Electric motor fleet, 2303606 units. Emergency failure of electric motors, %2557. Total costs for maintaining energy facilities, thousand rubles. 4536.476671.498. Non-production costs, thousand rubles 287.5909. Load: - per employee - per electrician 88.89 114.29 81.25 10010. Cost of electricity use, rub./kW × h3.823.6311. Cost price 1 standard unit units, rub./conv. units 5779.95201.1
Determining the cost of using electricity
The cost of using 1 kWh. electricity is a planned indicator of the operation of the energy sector and is used when analyzing the work of a department and when planning the value of the energy component.
All divisions of the enterprise pay for electricity at the on-farm price - the cost of using electricity, thus the costs of the energy sector are distributed between divisions in proportion to the amount of electricity consumed.
Cost of electricity use:
Se.e. = (Ieh+N)/Egod
Where Ieh is the production costs of maintaining the energy sector, thousand rubles.
Egod - annual planned consumption for production purposes, thousand kWh.
Se.e. otch = (4336472.1 + 287500)/ 1209347.2 = 3.82 rub./kWh.
Se.e. plan = (6671488.5+90000)/ 1860521 = 3.63 rub./kWh.
Determining the cost of using 1 conventional unit
Su.ed. = (Ieh+N)/ Veh
Where Veh is the amount of work.
Su.unit report = (4336472.1 + 287500) / 800 = 5779.9 rub./conv. units
Su.ed. plan. = (6671488.5 + 90000) / 1300 = 5201.1 rub./conv. units
11. Calculation of the economic efficiency of improving the energy sector
To improve the energy sector, Kren = 800 thousand rubles are required. , as a result of the improvement, annual costs for maintaining the energy sector will increase, unproductive energy costs will decrease by the amount:
N = Notch-Nplan = 287500-90000 = 197500 thousand rubles.
In turn, the additional income of the enterprise will increase due to the sale of additional products and products of higher quality.
Reported quantity of milk:
Where n is the number of livestock
U - average milk yield
Qreport = 1200*3000 = 3600000 l
Milk quantity:
Q = 3600000 *10% = 360000 l
Where C is the product price
Ds/x = 8 * 360000 = 2520000 rub.
Payback period for reconstruction costs:
Current = (Crek/(Iotch-Iplan+?N+Ds/x)) ? Tinv
Where Tinv is the payback period set by the investor (2 years)
Current = (800/4536.47 - 6671.49 + 197.5 + 2520) = 1.37? 2
The payback period for the costs of improving the energy sector lies within the period set by the investor; the reconstruction is economically feasible and will be carried out.
12. Development of self-accounting assignment for the energy sector
Economic essence and principles of economic calculation
Production of products requires costs - labor and material. Labor must be paid, the enterprise buys material resources, less often acquires them in exchange for products and services. Both require financial resources. Their main source is profit. The production cycle can be expressed as a chain: costs - products - revenue - income - profit. Its main links are the initial and final ones, that is, costs and profits. This determines the need for a constant comparison of current and final (annual) expenses and the results of the enterprise, which is the basis of economic accounting.
Economic accounting is understood as a method of management based on the comparison of expenses and income in order to ensure break-even activity of the enterprise.
When defining the concept, one should proceed from the fact that, as an economic category, economic accounting expresses production relations that develop on the basis of the turnover of material, material and financial resources in the leading link of the economic system - the enterprise.
In market conditions, production is carried out in both commercial and non-commercial ones. In relation to the latter, it is unlawful to apply the terms and rules of commercial settlement. The requirements of prudent management - the main condition of cost accounting - are common to all enterprises.
The structural divisions of the enterprise (teams, farms, workshops, etc.) are not legal entities and, accordingly, do not carry out commercial activities. Of course, an enterprise cannot operate in terms of commercial calculation if its divisions do not operate on this basis.
The organization of self-accounting activities involves the application of appropriate principles of economic accounting. The main ones are the following:
a) Economic independence of the enterprise in choosing the organizational and legal form and form of management, developing a production program, determining channels and methods of marketing products;
b) Self-organization of the activities of primary labor collectives;) Freedom of entrepreneurship, competitiveness in a market environment;) Cost recovery, profitability of production, self-financing of the enterprise;) Combination of personal, collective and public interests in the activities of employees;) Responsibility of employees and the entire enterprise for production results;) Accounting, control, economic analysis of expenses and income, saving mode, frugality.
Attempts to implement the principles of cost accounting in the activities of enterprises have been made repeatedly, but often unsuccessfully. Among the reasons that prevented its implementation were monopolization of property; a centralized management system that ignores economic methods and excludes the independence of commodity producers in choosing the form of management and organizing production; unequal intersectoral exchange; low motivation of employees to work; poor development of industrial and social infrastructure, etc.
As a result, many agricultural enterprises remain unprofitable. However, this is not an argument that belittles the role of cost accounting as an economic category and method of management.
Economic calculation can be effective when the appropriate conditions are created.
The implementation of the principles of economic accounting and effective management are possible in the presence of appropriate conditions - economic, intra-farm production, organizational, social.
In a number of economic conditions, a favorable price system is of particular importance. In a market economy, free (negotiable) prices operate. However, especially at the transition stage, it is necessary to regulate them.
Agriculture needs an effective credit and insurance system. Loans should be issued on preferential terms.
On-farm production conditions play an important role. A sustainable production base of an enterprise is the basis for effective management. The components of this base - land, fixed production assets, working capital, labor resources - must be at a level of sufficient security and be in a rational ratio, that is, the enterprise must have a balanced production potential.
Production conditions are closely related to organizational ones; they are interdependent. The organizational conditions for effective economic management include a perfect enterprise management structure - the composition of management bodies, functional services, their management, the order of subordination and interrelations.
Favorable social conditions also contribute to the efficient organization of production: well-equipped housing, electrification, gasification, timely payment of wages, etc.
These conditions should constantly be the subject of attention of managers and specialists of the enterprise, and management bodies of the agro-industrial complex at all levels.
Job description for an electrician
I General provisions
Persons over 18 years of age and medically fit are allowed to service electrical installations.
In his activities, the electrician must be guided by the PTE, PUE, TB, PPR, job descriptions, other regulatory documents and instructions of the head of the operation service, to whom he is subordinate in administrative and operational-technical terms.
Before being assigned to independent work or during a break in work for more than 1 year, an electrician must undergo industrial training at a new place, after which a knowledge test in the qualification commission on PTE and PTB, and then on-the-job training for at least 2 weeks under the guidance of an experienced worker.
II Responsibilities
An electrician must know:
) service boundaries and territorial locations of electrical installations;
2)availability and technical condition of electrical equipment;
3)power supply diagrams of primary and secondary connections;
)design features of the electrical equipment being serviced and the purpose of units with electric drives in the technological process
The electrician is obliged:
1)take duty by making an appropriate entry in the log;
2)review previous entries in the duty log;
3) carry out preventive inspection, technical maintenance and routine repairs of electrical equipment according to the schedule and established scope;
) take part in major repairs as part of a specialized team;
) draw up requests for spare parts, instruments, materials and equipment;
The electrician has the right:
) disconnect electrical installations from the network that threaten an accident, fire and the safety of people and animals;
) demand personal participation in the investigation of accidents of equipment assigned to him;
) demand from management to provide conditions for the performance of their duties (premises, provision of protective equipment, special clothing and documentation).
IV Responsibility
The electrician is personally responsible for failure to comply with the provisions of the job description in criminal, administrative and material terms.
Improving the operation of the energy sector requires additional capital investments, as well as an increase in the annual costs of its maintenance. Despite the reduction in non-production costs, the total costs of the energy sector have increased, but at present this measure to improve the energy sector is still economically justified.
In the process of the work done, it became clear that at present it is possible to fully improve the energy sector, so considering another option for improving the energy sector does not make sense, but it still makes sense to use energy-saving technologies, renewable energy sources and alternative fuels, so that in a market economy only to stay afloat but also to get the greatest profit.
Bibliography
1.N.B. Mikheeva. Organization and planning of energy management in an agricultural enterprise: Method. instructions/ Krasnoyar. state agrarian Univ. - Krasnoyarsk, 1996. -38 p.
.Workshop on organizing production in agricultural enterprises / Ed. N.S. Vlasova. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Agropromizdat, 1986. - 335.
.Installation, operation and repair of electrical equipment / A.A. Pyastolov, A.A. Meshkov, A.L. Vakhrameev. - M.: Kolos, 1981. - 335 p.
The experience of enterprises in new economic conditions, especially in the last 10-15 years, the centralized command management system that existed in the recent past turned out to be unsuitable for solving the main task: making a profit.
There was a need to centralize the management of the technical operation of all types of fixed assets of the enterprise, concentrating it in one hand: the deputy director - the chief engineer of the enterprise. At some enterprises, the centralization of technical operation was even more closely linked with the efficient use of fixed assets, subordinating it to the deputy head of the enterprise for equipment.
At enterprises, the organizational structure for managing the department of the chief power engineer (OGE) is being developed and specified; an example of the OGE structure is presented in Fig. 2.
The implementation of the EE PPR System at an enterprise is entrusted to the OGE, and in enterprises where, due to the small number of energy services, the OGE has not been created - to the OGM. In addition to the above functions, the OGE is assigned the following tasks:
organization of uninterrupted supply of the enterprise with energy resources of the required parameters (electricity, steam, superheated water, industrial and drinking water, natural gas, compressed air);
organization of high-quality treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater;
organization of reliable and safe operation of the enterprise’s energy facilities;
organization and control of operation and repair of the enterprise’s energy facilities, as well as technical supervision and methodological management of the activities of energy and technological personnel servicing energy and energy technological equipment of workshops and water circulation cycles of production;
interaction with regional authorities of the Federal Supervision on issues of safe operation of equipment;
interaction with suppliers and consumers of energy resources.
The chief power engineer has two deputies: for electrical and heating and plumbing facilities. Subordinate to the deputy. The State Electrical Engineering Department contains the following services: electrical design bureau (PKEB), electric furnace bureau, electrical laboratory, electrical workshop, communications workshop and electricians of production workshops.
Heat and plumbing services are subordinate to the Deputy State Energy Committee for Heat and Plumbing. The planning, economics and PPR regime and accounting groups report directly to the State Economic Committee.
In accordance with the main tasks, the OGE is entrusted with the following work:
drawing up the energy balance of the enterprise. Development of daily and monthly energy consumption limits, analysis of their implementation;
drawing up current and long-term plans for the development of the energy sector;
systematic monitoring of the enterprise’s energy load and taking timely measures to comply with the established limit on the consumption of electricity, natural gas and other energy resources;
coordination of the work of the departments included in the service of the chief power engineer: thermal power plant, power supply shop, water supply and sewerage shop, gas supply department, neutralization and treatment shop of industrial wastewater, electrical repair shop, centralized energy repair shop;
development (together with the production, technical departments and the economic analysis department) of differentiated technological shop and general plant specific standards for the consumption of all types of energy for production and auxiliary needs, monitoring compliance with these standards;
development of measures aimed at the rational use and saving of all types of energy and fuel;
periodic quality control of energy fuel (natural gas, coal, fuel oil);
drawing up plans for organizational and technical measures aimed at increasing the reliability and efficiency of power equipment;
control of the development and implementation by the enterprise’s workshops of plans for organizational and technical measures to save fuel and energy resources;
analysis of the cost of generated energy (together with the planning and economic department) and development of measures to reduce it.
The leadership of the OGE, with the rights of unity of command, is carried out by the head of the OGE, i.e. Chief Power Engineer (CE).
The structure of the department of the chief power engineer is determined by the tasks assigned to him in the conditions of a given enterprise and must change with the development of the enterprise as the size and structure of fixed assets, technology, and requirements for the parameters of various types of energy and energy carriers change.
The development of the organizational structure of the OGE can be based on the following principles:
The impossibility of separating the organizational structure of the OGE and repair units from the rest of the tasks of the energy service. All issues of energy sector development can be expertly resolved by the energy service, but for this it is necessary to create production and engineering capacities of the OGE so that all non-repair tasks are carried out without compromising repair and operational functions.
Maximum specialization of the production and engineering departments of the OGE, allowing them to solve the problems assigned to the energy service.
A clear delineation of duties and responsibilities for the assigned area of work, eliminating duplication of functions of various departments.
One of the forms of involving specialists at different levels in solving the most serious issues could be the creation of technical councils under the main energy department of the enterprise. Its composition includes leading engineering and technical workers, heads of workshops, bureaus and laboratories of the OGE, advanced workers, etc.
Maximum payback for all parts of the service. The introduction of each new engineering unit must be justified by the expected and obtained economic effect from reducing repair and operating costs.
Continuous improvement of the structure of the OGE in order to ensure that, with any changes in the field of main production, production requests are met to the maximum extent at the lowest cost.
Other principles may be established and applied.
The standard structure provides only general recommendations on the structure of the OGE, which are fundamental for all sectors of the national economy, including in the composition of energy departments. The organizational structure of energy shops, and even more so of sections, cannot be uniform in all sectors of the national economy and even in individual enterprises of the same industry.
Control questions
1. What is the electrical equipment of enterprises?
2. What does maintenance include?
3. What types of maintenance do you know?
4. What is the difference between a tool and an operating system?
5. What documents are considered operational?
6. What is the purpose of in-service testing?
7. What types of repairs exist?
8. What is the difference between planned and unscheduled repairs?
9. What equipment are basic and non-core?
10. Which repair method is the most promising?
11. What conditions must be met to implement the EO PPR system?
12. What tasks are assigned to the OGE?
13. What principles underlie the development of the organizational structure of the OGE?