What do Christmas tree decorations and glucose have in common? What do we know about Christmas tree decorations? Explanation of the Vobla command

Today there will be an industrial report from the "Beauty and the Beast" series.
When you take a bright ball out of a beautiful package, which you then hang on the New Year tree, you probably don’t even think about where and how it was made.
Yes, the bulk of Christmas tree decorations now come from China, but still not all.
There are four companies in Ukraine that produce good old glass Christmas tree decorations, and it is quite possible that some of the balls on your Christmas tree were made from one of them.
For example, in a completely old-school factory, which is located near Kyiv.
It's hard to believe that colorful balloons can be produced in such a trashy place.
Also, how difficult it is to believe that every ball is blown out by workers to the detriment of their health, because the production of Christmas tree decorations is incredibly harmful.
So, welcome to the place where real Soviet trash and the magic of a holiday loved by millions of people are amazingly combined - to the Claudian Christmas tree decorations factory.

2. The Klavdievsky factory has been operating since the distant 1949 and today is little by little getting out of the long-term crisis caused by the collapse of the USSR.
I can imagine how difficult it is for an enterprise that operates only 2 months a year to survive in the conditions of the massive expansion of cheap Chinese consumer goods.
This is probably why I don’t want to paint this report with critical colors, but simply talk about how ordinary people in an old Soviet factory make beauty for the main holiday of the year

3. The factory has four workshops, which are located in different buildings.
It all starts with the glassblower, who is located in this old two-story building with cheerful colorful pipes.

4. The factory has found a great way to increase profits in addition to its main activity - the production of toys.
It allows you to see how it is done for money.
And this is a huge respect! I really love doing industrial reporting and it usually takes some effort to get a production shot.
And here the enterprise itself shows how everything is done.
And, it should be noted, very successfully.
We filmed on a weekday, and the flow of visitors was simply incredible. Literally crowds of children and all the buses coming and going.

5. The scoop is, of course, everywhere here.
And it’s very entourage.
This photo shows two completely different generations of slogans)

6. I wonder what party they are working for here now)

7. Glass blowing shop. The workplace is simple - a gas burner, pipes with gas and compressed air, an exhaust chute and a table.

8. Hell of a job. In the literal sense of the word.

9. The raw materials for the Christmas tree decoration are... hollow glass tubes.
First, they are heated and separated into blanks for balls.
Heated glass begins to melt, becomes plastic and viscous. This separates the necessary parts of the tube.

10. Then this elongated fused piece of glass is twisted with a special hook on one side to plug this strange tube on one side.
It's amazing that these fused pieces of glass still remain hollow inside.
After all, the ball will then be blown out.

11. Then the workpieces are heated again on the burner to the required temperature

12. The future Christmas ball is in hand

13. And when the glass reaches the desired temperature, the worker simply blows into the tube, blowing out the ball.

14. The glass should be red-hot and red. Its temperature is about 1000 degrees. The worker only has a few seconds to blow out the balloon.
Moreover, it must be the right size.
Sometimes they check the caliber with a special measuring stick, which stands on the table nearby.

15. Ball blanks look like a large transparent drop. The leg through which the ball was blown does not break off. It will also be needed for silvering and painting.
During a shift, one worker blows out 150-200 balloons.

16. Before sending to the silvering workshop

17. This is a different building. There are workshops for silvering, painting and decorating balls.

18. And again, real old school - safety posters. These photos are especially for olgalit . She knows everything about safety and even more. Friend her urgently!!!

19. She spies on you!

20. Instructions from 1989!

21. But it’s time to go to the workshop. It is here, in this picturesque place, that real magic is created with the balls - they are silvered

22. Feeling like we're in some kind of torture chamber

23. And here is the instrument I talked about yesterday, inviting you to make assumptions about its purpose.
This is a needle for injecting a special solution into the ball, which will cover the inside of the glass ball with a thin layer of silver. pure silver.

24. The solution consists of silver oxide, ammonia, glucose and distilled water.
It is injected quite a bit, then the workpiece is shaken so that the solution covers the walls inside the ball, and it is lowered for a few seconds into a bath with water heated to 50 degrees, shaking at the same time.
The silver solution hardens on the walls of the ball, covering them with a thin, uniform layer. The process is called the "silver mirror reaction."
Then the balls go to the external painting area, where they are coated with one color or another. And then they get to the most interesting part...

25. You can’t film here because it’s very distracting for the workers and prevents them from doing their magic.
But we were kindly allowed

25. Here the balls are turned into those beautiful Christmas tree decorations that we are used to.
They are painted here

26. Each Christmas tree decoration is painted manually according to a sample template

27. All the guys who work in this room are graduates of art colleges and schools. After all, their job is to make the toys amazing.

28. They draw in parts. For example, first white snow is applied to the entire batch, then a green Christmas tree, then a house, then a window in the house, etc.

29. Finished toys to dry

30. Not only balls are made here, but also various three-dimensional toys. For example, such Fushi Mice. They are also blown, but inside a special mold.

31. Decorating the train. In my opinion, the balloons are more beautiful and elegant

32. Once the paint is applied, it is secured by sprinkling with various materials. This creates the effect of rough snow or voluminous sparkles.

33. Can you imagine the painstaking work?

34. Stand with mock-up templates

35. Artist's workplace

36. Half finished balls

37. It’s fun to look for various unusual labels among jars and bottles)

38. Paint toys with acrylic paints

39. Trimming and packaging area. Here the balls are circumcised - the extra leg is cut off

40. Well, then the toys end up in the store.
The company store at the factory is completely sold out

41. By the way, children can take a short master class where they will be taught how to paint toys.
It’s just not easy to get there - there’s a huge queue

42. This is not for you to draw tanks on a notebook sheet)

43. Add snow and - voila!

44. Final photo. How can you not cut down your own onion?

Thanks for the trip Sasha

Leading: Hello, dear friends! We are starting our meeting of the Cheerful and Resourceful Club. Today we will witness battles between the Vobla and SOS teams.

The teams enter the hall to the music and applause of the fans.

Leading: A respected jury will help us resolve disputes and evaluate upcoming competitions: the school director, the head teacher, teachers of chemistry, physics, literature, and two students.

So, the first round of our meeting! The gong sounds!

Competition "Cheers"

I ask the team captains to come to the jury table for the draw.

Captains select tickets from No. 1 and No. 2.

Greetings from the teamSos»

We are happy to compete with you

We use humor, laughter, and deeds.

We welcome you, friends!

You cannot live without humor and laughter!

The purpose of our meeting is a joke and communication,

Exchange of fun, glances, opinions.

We are happy to win and to lose.

Let's cross our eyes like swords in the game!

Greetings from the Vobla team

There are so many erudite people here,

There is no room for an apple to fall.

It will be difficult for us to win

Let's not lose face in the dirt.

Command message "SOS» to the fans

There are so many good girls

Gathered around here now,

But one thought worries me:

Will they support SOS, my friend?

There will be no peace for us in the game,

And you have to be strong in spirit.

The love of restless cheerleaders

It will help you survive and win!

Leading: We ask the jury to sum up the results of the first round of the “Greetings” competition.

The results are announced and posted on the scoreboard.

Leading: We are starting the second competition: “Decipher the team name.” The floor is given to the Vobla team.

We took Vobla literally,

And not in any dissent,

And we dedicate an ode to this fish,

And for us, and for you, and for everyone’s sake.

Ode to Voble

In those long, distant years

You were the prom queen.

Now you have become an exhibit,

You go into oblivion forever.

You were eaten often, a lot, deliciously,

With potatoes, with beer, with cabbage,

She saved ordinary people from hunger,

And now you are almost gone.

So as not to show you in museums,

Like dinosaurs, extinct animals,

For the joy of people's existence.

And we all shouted “SOS”

And we love her seriously.

Let's save the rest - creation

His mother nature,

So that she does not go into legend,

She was an idol for people!

And it's good that we called

Dear Vobla team,

She was solemnly recognized

Living, real, not a dream.

Leading: The floor is given to the SOS team.

“SOS” - short - save souls,

Nature has been screaming at everyone for a long time.

Close your eyes, plug your ears,

And it’s not destined to survive like that...

Let's sound the alarm together

Because everything is in the answer

How can we live in the new century?

Leading: We are starting the third round of our “Warm-up” competition.

Conditions of the competition: each team has prepared three questions with their answers and asks them in turn to each other. Thinking time is 30 seconds. The jury evaluates the speed, correctness and originality of the answers.

Options for questions and answers for 10th grade students

1. What substance is extinguished with water, although it does not burn? - Calcium oxide (CaO) - quicklime.

2. What acid is always present in the human stomach, and when there is a deficiency, is it taken as medicine? - Hydrochloric acid (HCL).

3. What royal drink has not been drunk by any king? Name its composition. - “Royal vodka.” This is a mixture of concentrated nitric and hydrochloric acids in a ratio of 1:3.

4. What effect does chloroform have on the human body? - By the nature of its action, chloroform is a drug. It causes dermatitis, eczema, and gastrointestinal disorders. Minor poisoning is accompanied by vomiting and stomach pain.

5. Why do smart housewives add several ripe apples to them when storing potatoes in the basement? - Ripe apple fruits emit ethylene gas, which inhibits growth processes. Potato tubers last longer and do not germinate.

6. Why can’t we make “houses” for birds out of plastic? - Unlike wood, plastic is not able to absorb moisture and release it out, so water vapor released during breathing accumulates, forming high humidity, which is harmful to birds.

7. What is the source of anthropogenic methane? What effect does it have on the Earth's atmosphere? - Such sources include rice fields, livestock farms, coal mines and garbage dumps. Anthropogenic methane, absorbing infrared radiation from the earth's surface, enhances the greenhouse effect.

8. What combustion products are emitted by coal-fired thermal power plants? How do they affect the atmosphere? - Combustion products are CO2, CO, 5O2, ash, etc., they enhance the greenhouse effect.

Questions and answersFor 11th grade students

1. Which flour is inedible? - Inedible flour, but producing bread, is mineral fertilizers. This is bone, phosphorite, apathetic flour.

2. What is the connection between beets and cake? - Both products contain sugar.

3. What kind of sugar do they not eat? - Lead sugar, i.e. lead acetate, tastes sweet, but it is poisonous.

4. Which oil is called Provencal oil and why? -The best variety of olive oil (transparent, fragrant, solidifying at -60°C, Provençal oil is named after the province of Provence in the south of France).

5. Why are the concrete trenches through which waste from fat-processing plants is drained destroyed? - Waste from fat-processing plants always contains fatty acids, which form calcium soap with cement lime, as a result of which the cement is destroyed and the bond between concrete grains is broken.

6. What is the connection between glucose and Christmas tree decorations? - Since glucose contains an aldehyde group, it gives a “silver mirror” reaction with an ammonia solution of silver oxide; as a result of the reaction, a thin layer of silver is released, which is used to cover Christmas tree decorations.

7. In 1845, the German chemist Christian. Schönbein accidentally spilled a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acid on the floor. He mechanically wiped the floor with his wife's cotton apron, rinsed it and hung it over the stove to dry. The apron dried out, but then there was a not very loud explosion and... the apron was gone. Why did the apron explode? - The threads of cotton fabric are made of cellulose, the elementary monomer unit of which contains three OH groups (hydroxy groups). Under the influence of acids, a nitration reaction occurs with the formation of nitrocellulose (pyroxylin), which explodes with the release of heat and gases.

New Year is one of the most favorite holidays, and its anticipation is sometimes more exciting than the holiday itself. One of the most pleasant chores on the eve of the New Year is decorating the New Year tree. And so that the Christmas tree is not decorated with ordinary balls from the store, make Christmas tree decorations with your own hands, using your school knowledge of chemistry.

From your organic chemistry course, you are well aware of the “silver mirror” reaction, which is a qualitative reaction to an aldehyde group (Tollens reaction). Glucose, which is an aldehyde alcohol, can be used as a reducing agent in this reaction, i.e. contains an aldehyde group. This reaction is widely used in industry for the purpose of silvering mirrors, for making Christmas tree decorations, and flasks for thermoses.

In an aqueous solution of ammonia, silver oxide dissolves to form the complex compound diammine silver (I) hydroxide:

Ag 2 O + 4NH 3 ·H 2 O ↔ 2OH + 3H 2 O

The aldehyde group of glucose is oxidized to a carboxyl group. In this case, glucose is oxidized to gluconic acid with the formation of its ammonium salt:

CH 2 OH–(CHOH) 4 –SON + 2OH → 2Ag↓ + CH 2 OH–(CHOH) 4 –COONH 4 + 3NH 3 + H 2 O

Reagents for this reaction can be purchased at any pharmacy: lapis pencil (silver nitrate), ammonia, glucose. Using this reaction, you can silver plate any transparent, colorless or colored bottles (medicine bottles, perfume bottles, etc.)

One of the most important conditions for this reaction is the ideal cleanliness of the inner surface of the future Christmas tree decoration. The main pollutant is fatty deposits. For this purpose, the inner surface is washed with an alkaline solution, and then with repeatedly distilled (rain) water. As a last resort, you can use synthetic dishwashing detergents.

To obtain mirror coatings, it is recommended to add ammonia first and then alkali to silver nitrate. Many techniques emphasize that excess alkali should be avoided. Indeed, a large excess of alkali is not desirable, but do not forget that the precipitation of silver must take place in an alkaline solution.

Typically, two freshly prepared solutions are used for silvering glass, an approximate recipe for which is given below. All solutions are prepared using distilled or, in extreme cases, rain water.

Solution 1. To a solution containing 6 g of AgNO3 in 100 ml of water, add aqueous ammonia until the initially formed precipitate dissolves, then 70 ml of a 3% NaOH solution and again aqueous ammonia until the solution is completely clear (without excess) and the entire resulting solution is diluted with water to 500 ml.

Solution 2. A solution containing 1.3 g of glucose in 25 ml of water is boiled for 2 minutes, cooled and diluted with an equal volume of alcohol. Just before use, solutions 1 and 2 are mixed in a ratio of 10:1. A silvery color appears after about 30 minutes. If necessary, to obtain a thicker layer of silver, the treatment is repeated with fresh portions of solutions one or two more times. The resulting silver coating is washed with water.

Loops for hanging toys on a Christmas tree are usually made of steel wire or a match inserted inside the toy, with a string tied to the middle.

2. Rudzitis G.E. Chemistry. Organic chemistry. 10th grade: textbook. for general education organizations with adj. per electron nospele (DVD)/G.E. Rudzitis, F.G. Feldman. - 18th ed. - M.: Education, 2014. - 191 p.: ill.

Test " CARBOHYDRATES"

1 option

1. Carbohydrates include substances with the general formula

1) C x H y O z 2) C n (H 2 O) m 3) C n H 2n O 2 4) C n H 2n+2 O

2. Monosaccharides containing five carbon atoms are called

3. The most common monosaccharide is hexose

1) glucose 2) fructose 3) ribose 4) sucrose

4. With complete hydrolysis of polysaccharides, most often formed

1) fructose 2) glucose 3) ribose 4) galactose

5. The main function of glucose in animal and human cells

1) supply of nutrients 3) transmission of hereditary information

2) building material 4) energy source

6.

the name "grape sugar" is

7. According to its chemical structure, glucose is

8. Glucose reacts with an ammonia solution of silver oxide in the form

1) α -cyclic form 3)β -cyclic form

2) linear (aldehyde) form 4) mixtureα- and β -cyclic forms

9. A bright blue solution is formed when glucose reacts with

1) Ag 2 O / NH 3 2) Cu(OH) 2 3) H 2 / Ni 4) CH 3 COOH

10. During alcoholic fermentation of glucose,

11. White amorphous powder, insoluble in cold water, forms in hot water

colloidal solution (paste) is

12. In plant cells, starch performs the function

13.The content of amylopectin in starch is

1) 10-20% 2) 30-40% 3) 50-60% 4) 80-90%

14. The end product of starch hydrolysis is

1) maltose 2) fructose 3) glucose 4) galactose

15. Upon complete oxidation, 1 mole of starch is released C ABOUT 2 in quantity

1) 6 mol 2) 6 n mole 3) 12 mole 4) 12 n mol

16. General formula of cellulose, highlighting free OH groups

1) [C 6 H 7 O 2 (OH) 3 ] n 2) [C 6 H 8 O 3 (OH) 2 ] n 3) [C 6 H 9 O 4 (OH)] n 4) [C 6 H 6 O(OH) 4 ] n

17. To distinguish glucose from fructose, use

1) H 2 /Ni 2) Ag 2 O/NH 3 3) C 2 H 5 OH/H + 4) CH 3 COOH

18. Product of glucose reduction with hydrogen on a nickel catalyst

is

19. Identify substance B in the following transformation scheme:

Glucose A B C

1) sodium acetate 2) ethanal 3) ethyl acetate 4) ethylene

20. During lactic acid fermentation, 160 g of glucose produced lactic acid with

yield 85%, Determine the mass of the resulting lactic acid

1) 116 g 2) 126 g 3) 136 g 4) 146 g

Test " CARBOHYDRATES"

Option 2

1. Carbohydrates are substances

1) CH 2 O 2) C 2 H 4 O 2 3) C 5 H 10 O 5 4) C 6 H 6 O

2. Monosaccharides containing six carbon atoms are called

1) hexoses 2) pentoses 3) tetroses 4) trioses

3. To disaccharides not applicable

4. Does not apply to polysaccharides

1) starch 2) glycogen 3) cellulose 4) sucrose

5. RNA and DNA, containing ribose and deoxyribose residues, perform the function

6. Colorless crystalline substance, highly soluble in water, received

the name "fruit sugar" is

1) sucrose 2) glucose 3) fructose 4) starch

7. The isomer of glucose - fructose - is

1) acid 2) ester 3) aldehyde alcohol 4) keto alcohol

8. Product of glucose reduction with hydrogen on a nickel catalyst

is

1) gluconic acid 2) sorbitol 3) lactic acid 4) fructose

9. The maximum number of molecules of acetic acid that can react with

glucose in the formation of an ester is equal to

1) one 2) two 3) three 4) five

10. During lactic acid fermentation, glucose is formed

1) CH 3 COOH 2) C 2 H 5 OH 3) CH 3 CHOHCOOH 4) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 COOH

11. Solid fibrous substance, insoluble in water

1) cellulose 2) sucrose 3) starch 4) maltose

12. In plant cells, cellulose performs the function

1) transfer of hereditary information 3) construction and structural

2) a supply of nutrients 4) a catalyst for biological processes

13. Dissolves in hot water

1) amylose 2) amylopectin 3) starch 4) cellulose

14. General formula of cellulose, with the release of free OH -groups

1) [C 6 H 7 O 2 (OH) 3 ] n 2) [ C 6 H 8 O 3 (OH) 2 ] n 3) [ C 6 H 9 O 4 (OH)] n 4) [ C 6 H 6 O(OH) 4 ] n

15. The explosive “pyroxylin” is

1) trinitrocellulose 2) di- and triacetylcellulose

3) mononitrocellulose 4) triacetyl starch

16. General formula of polysaccharides formed by glucose

1) (CH 2 O) n 2) (C 2 H 4 O 2) n 3) (C 6 H 10 O 5) n 4) (C 6 H 6 O) n

17. Milk sugar is a disaccharide

1) sucrose 2) maltose 3) lactose 4) galactose

18. The product of glucose oxidation with an ammonia solution of silver oxide is

1) gluconic acid 2) sorbitol 3) lactic acid 4) fructose

cellulose A B B

1) glucose 2) butadiene-1,3 3) ethylene 4) ethanol

20. When 126 g of glucose reacts with an excess of ammonia oxide solution

silver, a metallic precipitate weighing 113.4 g was obtained. Determine the yield of products

reactions as a percentage.

1) 80 2) 75 3) 70 4) 60

Test " CARBOHYDRATES"

Option 3

There is no difference in the ability of carbohydrates to hydrolyze lie group

1) monosaccharides 2) disaccharides 3) trisaccharides 4) polysaccharides

2. Pentose, which is part of RNA, is called

3. Table sugar is a disaccharide

1) sucrose 2) maltose 3) lactose 4) galactose

4. General formula of polysaccharides formed by glucose

1) (CH 2 O) n 2) (C 6 H 12 O 6) n 3) (C 6 H 10 O 5) n 4) (C 6 H 6 O) n

5. For plant cells, cellulose performs the function

1) supply of nutrients 3) transmission of hereditary information

2) building material 4) energy source

6. The end products of glucose oxidation in the human body are

1) CO 2 and H 2 O 2) CO 2 and H 2 3) CO 2 and H 2 O 2 4) CO and H 2 O

7. In solution, glucose exists in the form

1) one cyclicα -forms 3) two linear forms

2) two cyclic and one linear form 4) one linear form

8. The product of glucose oxidation with an ammonia solution of silver oxide is

1) gluconic acid 2) sorbitol 3) lactic acid 4) fructose

9. Formation of a bright blue solution as a result of the interaction of glucose with C u (HE) 2

is evidence of the presence of glucose in the molecule

1) aldehyde group 3) keto group

2) two or more hydroxo groups 4) one hydroxo group

10. Used as a sugar substitute for diabetes

11. The largest amount of starch (up to 80%) is contained

1) potatoes 2) wheat 3) rice 4) corn

12. Shorter starch macromolecules, having a linear structure,

are called

13. Starch is a macromolecule, the structural unit of which is residues

1) αβ -cyclic form of glucose

14. In each structural unit of the cellulose molecule, the number of free

hydroxo groups are equal to:

1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4

15. When 0.5 mol of starch is synthesized in plant leaves, oxygen is released into

quantity

1) 6 mol 2) 6 n mol 3) 3 mol 4) 3 n mol

16. The substance refers to carbohydrates

1) CH 2 O 2) C 2 H 4 O 2 3) C 5 H 10 O 5 4) C 6 H 6 O

17. To distinguish starch from cellulose use

1) Ag 2 O/ NH 3 2) solution I 2 3) C u(OH) 2 4) HN0 3

18. Products of the interaction of glucose with copper hydroxide ( II ) when heated

are

1) sorbitol and Cu 2 O 3) lactic acid and Cu 2 O

2) gluconic acid and Cu 2 O 4) fructose and C u

19. Identify substance B in the following transformation scheme:

starch A B C

1) glucose 2) ethanol 3) ethanal 4) acetic acid

20. Glucose was oxidized with an ammonia solution of silver oxide, obtaining 32.4 g

draft. Determine the mass of hexahydric alcohol that can be obtained from the same

amount of glucose if the yield of reaction products is quantitative.

1) 27.3 g 2) 29.3 g 3) 31.3 g 4) 33.3 g

Test " CARBOHYDRATES"

Option 4

Carbohydrates that are not hydrolyzed are called

1) monosaccharides 2) disaccharides 3) trisaccharides 4) polysaccharides

2. Pentose, which is part of DNA, is called

1) glucose 2) fructose 3) ribose 4) deoxyribose

3. Malt sugar is a disaccharide

1) sucrose 2) maltose 3) lactose 4) galactose

4. Sweet taste is used as a standard of sweetness

1) fructose 2) glucose 3) sucrose 4) galactose

5. Starch, glycogen and sucrose function

1) supply of nutrients 3) transmission of hereditary information

2) building material 4) energy source

6. The energy requirement of living organisms is largely

provided by oxidation

1) sucrose 2) glucose 3) fructose 4) ribose

7. Of the three forms of existence of glucose in solution, the maximum content (about

67%) falls on

1) β -cyclic form 3) linear (aldehyde) form

2) α -cyclic form 4) a mixture of linear andα -cyclic forms

8. Products of the interaction of glucose with copper hydroxide ( II ) when heated

are

1) sorbitol and C u 2 O 3) lactic acid and C u 2 O

2) gluconic acid and Cu 2 O 4) fructose and C u

9. To distinguish glucose from fructose, use

1) H 2 / Ni 2) Ag 2 O/ NH 3 3) C 2 H 5 OH/H + 4) CH 3 COOH

10. In the manufacture of mirrors and Christmas tree decorations it is used

1) fructose 2) starch 3) glucose 4) sorbitol

11. The largest amount of cellulose (up to 95%) is contained in fibers

1) wood 2) cotton 3) flax 4) hemp

12. The part of starch with a dissolved molecular structure is called

13. Cellulose is a macromolecule, the structural units of which are residues

1) α -cyclic form of glucose 3)β -cyclic form of glucose

2) linear form of glucose 4) linear form of fructose

14. When an ester is formed with a cellulose molecule, the maximum

react

1) 3 n C 2 H 5 OH 2) 3 n CH 3 COOH 3) 2 n C 2 H 5 OH 4) 2 n CH 3 COOH

15. Artificial silk is a processed product

1) trinitrocellulose 3) mononitrocellulose

2) di- and triacetyl cellulose 4) triacetyl starch

16. Carbohydrates include substances with the general formula

1) B C

1) sorbitol 2) ethanol 3) ethanal 4) acetic acid

20. The mass fraction of cellulose in wood is 50%. What mass of alcohol can

be obtained by hydrolysis of 100 kg of sawdust and fermentation of the resulting glucose,

if the ethanol yield during the fermentation process is 75%?

1) 15.3 kg 2) 17.3 kg 3) 19.3 kg 4) 21.3 kg

Answers

1 option

1) 2;

2) 2;

3) 1;

4) 2;

5) 4;

6) 2;

7) 3;

8) 2;

9) 2;

10) 2;

11) 3;

12) 2;

13) 4;

14) 3;

15) 2;

16) 1;

17) 2;

18) 2;

19) 1;

20) 3;

Option 2

1) 3;

2) 1;

3) 4;

4) 4;

5) 3;

6) 3;

7) 4;

8) 2;

9) 4;

10) 3;

11) 1;

12) 3;

13) 1;

14) 1;

15) 1;

16) 3;

17) 3;

18) 1;

19) 2;

20) 2;

Option 3

1) 3;

2) 3;

3) 1;

4) 3;

5) 2;

6) 1;

7) 2;

8) 1;

9) 2;

10) 4;

11) 3;

12) 2;

13) 1;

14) 3;

15) 4;

16) 3;

17) 2;

18) 2;

19) 3;

20) 1;

4 option

1) 1;

2) 4;

3) 2;

4) 2;

5) 1;

6) 2;

7) 1;

8) 2;

9) 2;

10) 3;

11) 2;

12) 3;

13) 3;

14) 2;

15) 2;

16) 2;

17) 1;

18) 2;

Chemistry quiz questions for an intellectual marathon

1. Which Russian chemist was an entomologist and was involved in beekeeping?
2. What is more dangerous in terms of fire: a barrel filled to the top with gasoline or not completely filled with it?
3. What element are we talking about?
   Everyone needs him when he's just tied up,
   And it fits with great difficulty
   The whole world of living beings is obliged
   He needs vegetable protein.
   Distributed in all three kingdoms,
   Released in fire.
   And it is in paints and medicines,
   He is needed in peace and in war
4. What element are we talking about?
   In salts it is colorless, safe,
   Definitely useful for everyone.
   It becomes quite dangerous
   When he is completely free.
   Then it's poisonous, colored
   And it can spread on the ground,
   Suffocating, seemed scary,
   As the first gas of all agents
5. How are the Will-o'-the-wisps formed on the swamp, described by Arthur Conan Doyle in the story "The Hound of the Baskervilles"? Why does the swamp water “gurgle” before the onset of inclement weather?
6. What is the connection between glucose and Christmas tree decorations?

Answers:

1. A.M. Butlerov. He wrote his first scientific work “Day butterflies of the Volga-Ural fauna” and defended it as a dissertation; he was engaged in beekeeping on the Butlerovka estate in the Kazan province).
2. (In a barrel that is not completely filled with gasoline, a mixture of gasoline vapor and air is formed, which explodes even from a spark. Therefore, in terms of fire, it is more dangerous than a barrel filled to the top.).
3. (nitrogen).
4. chlorine).
5. When plant residues rot at the bottom of swamps under the influence of microorganisms (methane fermentation), “swamp gas” is formed - methane, which can spontaneously ignite in air, giving rise to “will-o’-the-wisps”. Before the onset of inclement weather, a decrease in atmospheric pressure occurs. At high pressure, gases remain at the bottom of the swamps, and at low pressure they come out, spreading wider and upward. At this moment, you can hear the characteristic “gurgling of water.”
6. Since glucose contains an aldehyde group of atoms, then, like aldehydes, it gives a silver mirror reaction with an ammonia solution of silver oxide. In this reaction, silver oxide is an oxidizing agent and glucose is a reducing agent. As a reducing agent, glucose is used to make Christmas tree decorations (silvering reaction)