Futuristic architecture. Futuristic architecture of the Soviet era What is futurism
What is futurism?
IN Latin the word "futurum" means "future". This is looking forward. Futurism simultaneously appears in all spheres of art: in painting, literature, architecture. Futurist creators are the first to pay attention to the city - to this majestic world that is increasingly taking over nature. The movement of cars, the sound of train wheels, gray asphalt, concrete, noise, airplanes, city crowds - this is what inspired the futurists.At the beginning of the twentieth century, people lived in anticipation of something new, grandiose, technical. Technology was elevated to a cult - it was worshiped, poems were dedicated to it. In the manifesto of the Italian futurists you can read:
“We affirm that the splendor of the world has been enriched by a new beauty - the beauty of speed. Racing car, the hood of which, like fire-breathing snakes, is decorated with large pipes; a roaring machine, the engine of which runs like big buckshot, it is more beautiful than the statue of the Nike of Samothrace.”
Some creators actually felt the world this way, while others deliberately followed the trend because it was fashionable at the time.
Futurism is a focus on the future. The past was denied. The past fulfilled its mission and left. Irrevocably. With their creativity, the futurists wanted to convey that one should not go in circles, repeat what has already been invented, or dwell on what was found long ago. Traditions were declared unnecessary and hampering progress. Only forward, only to the heights - these words can express the essence of futurism. Move upwards, not in circles. The element of futurism is merciless destruction for the sake of creating something new. This is speed, experiment, rebellion, revolution. First of all, a revolution of consciousness. Liberation. This is an attempt to burn in order to rise from the ashes. This is exactly how the futurists saw themselves - creators of a new world.
The birthplace of futurism is Italy. In Italy it manifested itself most clearly in all spheres of life. And architecture was no exception.
“Architecture of the future” – what is it?
Futurism in architecture is often called "science fiction". “Fantastic” because the futurists proclaimed freedom as the main human value. Freedom in everything - in art, in thoughts and actions. No frames, no restrictions. Fantasy is limitless, tradition is a thing of the past, nothing fetters creative flight. This means that there is only the creator and his ideas. This is fantastic; it has scale, scope, speed and strength. Fiction is “scientific” because there is one thing in architecture that nevertheless limits the creator - the laws of physics. Without their observance, any architectural project, alas, is doomed to failure.Favorite colors of futurists are metallic, silver, and white. Houses designed or built in the “futurism” style necessarily have two features:
1) modernity;
2) technicality.
By modernity we mean practicality. Of course, purely decorative details are allowed, but overall the building serves a purpose. All its elements are clearly in place. Technicality is the use of new technologies. Innovations are being implemented and experiments are being conducted. And more often than not, the experiment stands the test of time.
A striking example of futurism is a tower in Seattle (Washington State, USA) called the “Space Needle”. The tower looks like a flying saucer, because space is associated with the future. Space is where human thought strives. The needle is sharp, thin, directed towards the sky, which means forward. The design itself looks like a rocket that is about to take off.
The Oakley clothing store in New York is decorated in a futuristic style. Gray stripes create the effect of movement; in them you can see streams of cars flying into the distance at breakneck speeds.
The Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai (United Arab Emirates) looks like a glowing sail that has just moored to the shore. The architect managed to capture movement in stone.
There are even cathedrals built in a futuristic style. This Cathedral Brazil. We can only see the dome, but most of the structure is hidden underground. The dome conveys the idea of hands reaching towards the sky.
Despite such a variety of buildings, architects do not stop there and continue to work in this style, developing it, coming up with new solutions. Every time more and more inspiring.
For example, this is a project of a cultural center in Changsha (China).
Another amazing project was created by a British architect for London. Mirror lotuses fit perfectly into the city landscape. Here we see a departure from the futuristic canon - instead of technology, nature, namely the flower, comes to the fore.
Futurism is movement and lightness, fashion and style. Futurists are people who strive only forward and upward. By their example, they show that human imagination is limitless, you just need to catch the idea by the tail in time. Futurism in architecture is A New Look for familiar things. Such buildings dilute the gray urban landscapes and add zest to the cities. Over time, futuristic buildings become the “face” of a locality, a symbol, they are known all over the world, cities and countries are recognized by them. The essence of futurism is uniqueness, which means that each new building will not be similar to the previous one. Beauty is in diversity. Inspiration in motion.
We wish you flights of fancy and amazing discoveries!
Villas “Rock” and “Shell” in Croatia by Zaha Hadid Architects.
Concepts for two ultra-modern villas, "Rock" and "Shell", designed by Zaha Hadid Architects, aim to define architectural style a new comfortable resort in Dubrovnik (Croatia). It is envisaged that in the future this futuristic holiday destination will consist of 400 villas, five hotels, golf courses and infrastructure and a spa.
The future complex will provide visitors with beautiful views of the terracotta roofs of Dubrovnik, a picturesque panorama of the Mediterranean Sea and mountain landscapes, as it is located on a high plateau (approximately 300 to 400 m above sea level), north of the ancient city. The project involves the construction of comfortable villas, hotels, apartments, commercial facilities, a spa center, an 18-hole golf course and the golf club itself. The newly developed master plan for the complex defines the perimeter of the territory and the size of the occupied site, which so far varies from 12,000 to 20,000 square meters.
The concepts provided are unique "cosmic" structures with expressive sculptural qualities, the main characteristic of which is a sense of light and space. The source of inspiration for the authors of the project was the amazing Croatia, combining sharp rocks, caves and relief valleys.
For example, the “Rock” structure resembles a rock that has partially sunk into the ground. The seven-room house has a very low height, trying not to disturb the beauty of the local natural landscape and maintain the scale of Dubrovnik's Mediterranean architecture. The magnificent building was installed at the very edge of the slope in order to take full advantage of the panoramic viewing opportunities. The park and garden, which are located in the northern part, will serve as a recreation area and a green “buffer” in relation to the nearby village and road.
Futuristic architecture is a style of architecture that originated in Italy at the beginning of the twentieth century. His characteristic features became anti-historicism, strong chromaticism, movement, lyricism, long dynamic lines.
This direction in architecture is part of Futurism, an artistic movement created by the Italian poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti.
It is worth noting that futurism is not so much an architectural style as an approach to architecture, a way of behavior and thinking. Today, this direction in architecture for most people is associated with strange architectural forms. Such famous buildings as the Space Needle (Seattle), Dean (Florida) and the Transamerica Pyramid (San Francisco) were built in a futuristic style. Also a striking example futuristic architecture is the Tumorrowland project (Disneyland, Anaheim).
The later group of Futurist architects included the Italian Antonio Sant'Elia, who was able to transfer Futurist ideas into the framework of urban construction. Since 1912, this architect began to create a series of his famous design drawings “New City” (“Citta Nuova”), in which he showed how, in his opinion, the city should look like urban planning in the new "technical" age. The most famous sketches of Antonio Sant'Elia were a sketch of a station for trains and airplanes (1914), and a drawing of an automobile plant in Lingotto (1928).
Futurism arose at the beginning of the last century in Italy. His main idea was a total restructuring of the world, the destruction of old, outdated forms. Futurists denied all the achievements of the past; they were interested in scientific and technological progress and everything connected with it. Futurism valued the ability to convey energy, speed, strength, and dynamism. Hence the lack of edification and any storyline in the works of futurists, as well as their favorite techniques - the use of technogenic motifs, monochrome details, smooth or broken lines. Italian futurism was picked up by Russian artists and poets; it was in their work that this style of art found its greatest expression and became known throughout the world.
Subsequently, futurism lost its relevance for many years, remaining a museum value. It became fashionable again in the mid-20th century. But this time it began to be used in interior design, which reflected the customers’ interest in science fiction, in the distant future.
A futuristic interior, as a rule, resembles the scenery of a science-fiction film; there is always something cosmic about it. Streamlined shapes make the room look like a cabin spaceship. One of the main principles of style is minimalism. Futurism requires open empty space; it does not recognize decor; patterns or ornaments on walls or design elements are not allowed in a futuristic interior. Everything is strict - only equipment and furniture are present in the rooms. Wherein Appliances should be the most modern, preferably its design should be without frills and without any hint of retro, especially in the kitchen, where food processors, kettles and kitchen panels should look at least like the “stuffing” of a laboratory on a space station.
By the way, increased interest in technology is also reflected in the fact that multifunctional furniture is most often used. The best option is transformers (beds that slide into the wall, chair-beds and ottomans that easily turn into tables).
In a futuristic interior, only artificial modern materials or metal are used. The image of an apartment from the distant future can be created by high-strength plastic, metallized surfaces, and glass of various shades. Another unshakable principle is the absence of wallpaper. The walls are either painted with a dull, monochromatic paint, or hidden under plastic panels. Only a few can serve as their decoration abstract paintings or black and white photographs. As for the floor, it must correspond in every way to the general appearance of the apartment or office: either a smooth, shiny laminate or tiles in strict shades are used.
If you decide to decorate your apartment in a futuristic style, then your choice of colors will be limited: only all shades of white, black, gray, silver, and steel are accepted. Interspersed with other colors are possible, but they should not be particularly bright. The play of colors occurs through the use of different surfaces - matte or reflective. Another technique is modern lighting systems. Designers use neon, fluorescent, and LED lamps that can illuminate the entire room, certain areas, or even individual interior items. The placement of a variety of lighting in niches, racks, cabinets, and ceiling levels is encouraged.
Another important futuristic principle is the clear but unusual geometry of space. Strange streamlined shapes, curved lines, asymmetrical angles are used here. This is especially evident in the design of furniture, windows, doors and ceilings.
The futuristic style is well suited for the design of modern offices, train stations, airports, hotel lobbies - the theme of speed, movement, as well as a certain impersonality does not harm such interiors. As for home interiors made in the futurist style, they are more suitable for young, courageous people who are interested in new technologies and are ready to live in a somewhat cold, detached, but incredibly original space.
Futuristic architecture amazes many with its amazing and unusual design. The most interesting of futuristic buildings (some of them are still under construction, or their construction has not even begun) are collected in this ten:
10. Khan Shatyr
Khan Shatyr is already a reality! This is a huge transparent tent in the center of Astana, the new capital of Kazakhstan. The building serves cultural center and a place for communication between city residents. The climate in Astana is quite harsh - in winter temperatures drop to -35 degrees Celsius.
9. Museum of Modern and Nuraghi Art
The Museum of Modern and Nuragic Art in Cagliari, Italy, held a design competition for their new building. The winner of the competition was a stunning 12,000 square meter project by architect Zaha Hadid.
8. Waves of Hangzhou
Hangzhou Waves is a five-star hotel and office project in Hangzhou, China. The project includes two buildings that complement each other.
7. Crescent Tower
Of course, Dubai couldn't help but make it onto this list. Crescent Tower is a concept design for a building in Zabeel Park that would represent the modernity of Dubai. The tower will have a library, conference rooms, restaurants and an open-air observation deck. Just don't forget about sandstorms!
6. Hotel in Songjiang
This striking hotel is to be built in a flooded quarry at the foot of Tianmashan Mountain in the Songjiang district of Shanghai. The hotel design is such that the original shape of the quarry will remain intact.
5. Nexus Media Center
The Nexus Media Center is another concept project for the United Arab Emirates, which is at the forefront of futuristic architecture. The building will primarily serve as information storage, but will also include a media centre, exhibition spaces, offices, apartments and gardens.
4. Beijing International Airport
The third terminal of Beijing International Airport is amazing. Its construction was completed in 2009 - a little later than it was needed: it was originally planned for the Olympics in China. Occupying an area of 986,000 square meters, the terminal became the largest in the world.
3. Gardens by the Bay
Gardens by the Bay is a city park in Singapore. They already exist and accept visitors. The gardens were voted the best building in the world in 2012.
2. Lily
In an attempt to prepare humanity for a possible severe climate change scenario, a Belgian designer has developed a Floating Eco-City (also known as Lily) that will serve as a refuge for those affected by climate change. The city can float and is made up of three “mountains” that can accommodate 50 thousand people (it is not clear what to do with the rest of the people). The fact that the city can float on the surface of the water will help it withstand the consequences of continents being flooded with water from melting glaciers.
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