Why do tomatoes turn black in a greenhouse
All novice gardeners are tormented by the question: why do tomatoes turn black in a greenhouse? This agrotechnical crop is very thermophilic, and the greenhouse creates favorable conditions for it for cultivation even in winter. Unfortunately, all efforts can negate the widespread diseases of tomatoes, and then a rich harvest will not be seen.
The main reason for the blackening of the fruits and leaves of tomatoes is various fungi, which quickly spread in greenhouse conditions due to moisture and heat. The disease can affect both the fruits themselves and the leaves, stems and flowers. To avoid large crop losses, it is important to carry out preventive measures in a timely manner and comply with the conditions for growing tomatoes in a greenhouse.
Diseases of tomatoes in the greenhouse
The main period of the mass spread of the disease of this culture is the time of active fruiting. If damage to the plant is found, it is necessary to urgently process it, as well as a number of preventive measures in order to preserve the harvest. But first, you need to determine the type in the greenhouse.
Most gardeners are faced with the following diseases of this crop.
- This disease is caused by a pathogenic fungus that covers the stems and leaves with black spots. A characteristic white bloom forms on the back of the leaf. In order to prevent the disease, it is recommended to carry out regular ventilation, water the plant only at the root, and cut and burn the blackened leaves, stems and fruits. It is recommended to treat damaged plants with chemicals with preparations containing copper.
- Top rot is characterized by the presence of dry black spots on the top of unripe tomato fruits or young ovaries. Regular watering and spraying with calcium nitrate solution can prevent the onset of this disease. This fertilizer is recommended to be added to the hole along with charcoal when planting young plants in the ground.
- Brown spot is a fungal disease that mainly affects the foliage of plants, covering them with brown spots with a slight bloom. As a result, the leaves of the plants curl up, dry out, and the tomatoes die. If there are characteristic signs of the disease, the number of waterings should be reduced, the temperature in the greenhouse should be normalized and the plants should be regularly treated with chemicals containing copper.
- Gray rot affects the fruits, leaves and stems of tomatoes towards the end of fruiting, when a cold snap is already observed, and it often rains. First, small watery spots appear, then brown dots form. As a preventive measure, the greenhouse should be regularly ventilated and watered with warm water heated in the sun. Methods for combating this disease include cutting off the affected parts of the plant, spraying plants and soil with antifungal drugs. Fungal spores are easily carried on the grower's clothing, tools and hands, so care should be taken when handling an infected plant.
- Phomosis damages only the fruits, on the basis of which a small spot appears near the stalk. The fungal disease spreads deep inside the fetus and is the reason why tomatoes turn black. As a result, the tomatoes fall off without having time to ripen. As a prophylaxis of the disease, abundant watering, feeding with fresh manure and nitrogen fertilizers should be avoided.
- Macrosporiosis covers the fruit with brown spots at the base, and with high humidity, a black bloom forms on top. The leaves turn black below, and on top they are covered with brown spots with concentric circles. To combat the fungus, the affected areas of the plant should be cut off, avoiding the risk of spreading the fungus, and treated with special chemicals.
Prevention of tomato diseases in the greenhouse
Fungal diseases are highly contagious.
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Features of cultivating tomatoes in a greenhouse
In order to grow tomatoes in greenhouse conditions, you should use a soil balanced in the content of salts and microelements. An excess or deficiency of certain elements can cause plant diseases or contribute to fungal infection.
The soil in the greenhouse should consist of a mixture of turf, humus, ordinary earth and sand. The optimum thickness of the nutrient layer is 25 cm. When growing only tomatoes in a greenhouse for several years, it is necessary to completely replace the soil layer. Disinfection should be carried out annually.
Subsoil irrigation significantly increases the yield, which creates optimal soil and air moisture. After each watering, it is important to thoroughly ventilate the greenhouse to reduce the risk of fungal spread.
The process of growing tomatoes in greenhouse conditions has its own characteristics and difficulties. Greenhouse tomatoes, like ground tomatoes, are susceptible to fungal diseases: when the leaves turn black, they become stained, and the fruits fall off. However, if the above preventive measures are observed, a bountiful harvest can be expected without much loss.
Diseases of tomatoes (video)
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