Perennial flowers from spring to late autumn. Flowerbed "From early spring to late autumn" Photo report
Modern economic conditions impose stringent requirements on the technology of growing green crops in protected ground. The high cost of energy makes it unprofitable to grow greens in winter glasshouses. In this regard, it is rational to use spring film greenhouses and hotbeds, which large suburban farms have in sufficient quantities. The efficiency of using the available areas depends on the selection of crops and varieties for certain periods of cultivation and on the technology of their cultivation.
Lettuce is the most common green crop in the Non-Black Earth region, which is in constant demand on the market. Many years of experience in working with lettuce allows us to offer an unconventional approach to its cultivation, which involves obtaining high-quality products within six months (April-September) and using the production capacities of greenhouse farms in the most efficient way.
We present the technology that we have applied on the most promising varieties. These are headed varieties "Tethys", "Contribution", "Clavier" and semi-headed varieties - "Azart". With the widespread method of growing lettuce through seedlings without picking seedlings, it is customary to sow seeds directly in peat humus pots. At the same time, manual labor costs are reduced, well-developed seedlings are obtained, however, the area under seedlings in the first two weeks of its growth increases by 4–5 times, which is not economically profitable. We get potted seedlings by sowing seeds into the soil in a greenhouse or open field. At the same time, it is important to ensure the evenness of the seedlings, sufficient moisture, and the quality of the soil. 
We add 30-40% low-lying peat and river sand (4: 1) to the soil mixture, which contributes to less damage to the roots when removing seedlings and reduces the risk of spreading the black leg. The thickness of such a layer should be at least 10 centimeters. Using a marker, we make grooves with a depth of 0.5 centimeters every 10 centimeters. We sow about 2 grams of seeds per 1 square meter (with a germination rate of at least 96%) evenly with a distance between seeds of about 1 centimeter. Then pour warm water from a watering can with a nozzle, directing a stream of water across the grooves. Such watering provides more dense contact of seeds with the soil. We cover sowing before germination with newspapers or other covering material, but not with a film. In cases where there is a risk of fungal diseases, for example, the soil is not steamed or the predecessor was tomatoes, cucumbers, fine seed placement (5-7 mm) with well-sifted soil is preferable. At an air temperature of 22 - 25 degrees, the seeds germinate in a day.
While growing seedlings in a greenhouse, we maintain a temperature of 18-22 degrees during the day and 15-17 degrees at night. The duration of seedling cultivation depends on the sowing period: when sowing seeds on March 1 - 20-23 days, and in mid-May - 13-15 days. During this time, the plant forms 4-7 true leaves. This is the optimal phase of transplanting to a permanent place. With this "potless" method, only 5 square meters are required for growing seedlings per 300 square meters of greenhouse area. In order to ensure the conveyor flow of products, lettuce was planted in 5 terms. Seedlings were prepared by the method described above in a greenhouse or open field. Varieties "Tethys", "Azart", and "Contribution" were tested in greenhouses. Variety "Clavier" as the latest was not included in the sowing. In the open field, only "Azart" and "Clavier" were studied, since "Contribution" and "Tetis" later dates crops show instability to stalking.
Growing arugula lettuce with your own hands
When planting, the soil for planting lettuce should be carefully leveled and abundantly watered in a greenhouse with warm water. The root of the plant is placed in the hole strictly vertically and tightly pressed with earth. The root neck should not be lower than the general level of the soil. The optimal feeding area of one plant is determined both by the growing period and varietal characteristics.
In the open field, the lettuce forms a more compact plant, since it requires a slightly smaller feeding area. In greenhouses, the head variety "Vklad" with oily rounded leaves in the phase of economic ripeness has a smaller rosette than the head and semi-head varieties with crispy leaves, which also makes it possible to reduce the feeding area for plants of this variety.
Thickened plantings adversely affect the yield of lettuce and its future quality. It is known that lettuce is a cold-resistant plant, however, it is possible to obtain high yields in protected ground only under a certain temperature regime. Experience has shown that plants grow well at a temperature of 19-26 degrees during the day and 14-17 degrees at night and with sufficient light. Excessive watering delays head formation. In addition, abundant wetting of leaves during sprinkling and especially top hose irrigation leads to damage by downy mildew and gray mold. Watering the salad is necessary rarely, but plentifully. It is advisable to replace sprinkling with watering from a hose over the soil between plants. Morning watering is more favorable, as by night the plants dry out and are less affected by diseases. Despite the established opinion that loosening should be carried out after top dressing, our experience has shown that loosening should precede liquid top dressing.
When growing lettuce in small areas open ground where manual labor can be used, plant residues, especially roots, must be carefully removed after harvest, as last years aphid appeared, which abundantly reproduces on the roots of plants and hibernates in the soil. Lettuce can be harvested from the beginning of May until the end of September. And since the tested varieties during these growing periods retain commercial qualities in the vine for a relatively long period, harvesting can be carried out in several stages, which allows you to take a high-quality crop from spring to late autumn.
Svetlana Ivanovna Danilova
Good day everyone! There are already a lot of publications about flowers on the MAAM website, flowerbeds, all kinds of landscaping on the territory of a preschool institution, but, despite this, I want to talk about our flowers and show our flower beds. Planting of flowers is made in such a way that flowers always bloom - from early spring to late autumn. We plant both annuals and perennials. But first things first. Everyone knows that they are the first to wake up after winter. snowdrops: in our case, these are crocuses (blue, yellow, white and others).
Tulips and lilies of the valley are blooming behind them. Unfortunately, photos didn't turn out.
In summer, everything is much more colorful and more varied: carnations, lilies, asters, annual dahlias, marigolds, marigolds and many others begin to bloom.
autumn we are pleased with dahlias and gladioluses, asters and chrysanthemums, multi-colored marigolds continue to bloom, oktyabrins bloom until winter. Next year I really want to plan flowering on flower bed is even better I hope you will be able to share your experience in full. Thank you for your attention!
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Carrots are one of the most valuable vegetables found on the tables of compatriots. But novice gardeners today are at a loss when it is necessary to choose from all classes of root crops those that will allow you to get the maximum yield, taking into account the climate and soil.
Its taste qualities, as well as storage conditions, largely depend on the growing season and the onset of technical ripeness of the sugary root. According to this classification criterion, it is customary to distinguish three main groups:
- Early carrots with a growing season of 65-90 days.
- The root crop of medium ripening has a vegetation period of 100-110 days.
- Late fruits have a growing season of more than 120 days.
An early vitamin vegetable ripens very quickly, in 60-90 days. Vegetables are not very sweet and not too fragrant, and they do not keep very long, but by planting early seeds there is a chance to enjoy vitamin ones by mid-summer. Best of all, specimens of this type are suitable for salads and fresh consumption.
The most popular are mid-season crops that ripen within 100-110 days. This type of plant is excellent for both processing and storage, and in regions where good weather lasts for a very short time, this is the only chance to get a crop for subsequent winter storage. Another feature of the mid-ripening root crop is the record mass of fruits: individual specimens can reach a weight of 150-200 grams.
The most popular are mid-season crops that ripen within 100-110 days.
Late-ripening types of the champion in terms of carotene content are the most sugary and dense. Harvest can be stored without any restrictions almost until the new season. Since the growing season is quite long, from 100 to 140 days, carrots must be grown in regions with a warm autumn.
Nantes-4
In the gardens of the inhabitants of the middle lane, the Nantes carrot or its common Nantes-4 hybrid is most often found. This variety was bred in 1943 by selecting the best seed material. This invention of breeders very quickly spread to the gardens of the Soviet Union and quickly became one of the most popular variations of orange-red biennial crops.
Root crops are of medium size and their length is about 16 centimeters. This inhabitant of gardens is a real champion in the content of carotene. The vegetable contains up to 20% of the useful substance, which cannot be compared with its counterparts. Therefore, it makes sense to use healthy roots in their raw form. During storage, the variety loses beneficial features, despite the fact that this variety has a good keeping quality and practically does not deteriorate. The roots are quite tender, so they often crack, especially when the soil is excessively moist.
Carrot Shantane
The Shantane carrot was bred by French producers by selecting the best specimens, and since 1943 it has become quite widespread in Russia.
Shantane fruits are thick and short, and the core is also more pronounced compared to other accelerated ripening root crops.
The plant is best planted at a sufficiently large distance from each other. Its tops are very sprawling, so plantings can obscure each other, thereby interfering with the development of the vegetable. A vegetable of this class is slightly inferior to Nantes in taste, but it is stored much better and does not crack so much. Shantane fruits are thick and short, and the core is also more pronounced compared to other accelerated ripening root crops.
Carrot Nandrine
In our country, artificially bred hybrids are also often used, which include Nandrin carrots. She is from Holland and brought to ours for a long time.
Root crops are very large 15-20 centimeters in length, have a reddish or dark orange color.
Within 95-105 days from the appearance of mass seedlings, a period of technical maturity begins. The plant has a vertical, fairly stable rosette with dark green leaves. This appearance of the seedling greatly facilitates harvesting. Root crops are very large 15-20 centimeters in length, have a reddish or dark orange color. The shape is usually cylindrical with a slightly pointed tip.
Carrot Samson
Among mid-ripening carrots, named after the ancient Greek hero, stand out. Technical ripeness occurs, as in most varieties, within 110-140 days. The fruits of e are real champions in weight. Few will argue that the healing root samson is one of the best in terms of unpretentiousness and taste. Root crops are perfectly stored for a long time. This type is especially well suited for growing on loamy light soils.
This type is especially well suited for growing on loamy light soils.
The carrot itself is a biennial plant. For fruit production, it is used as an annual plant, flowers and seeds appear in the second year. In the garden you can see carrots of record size. Individual copies reach a weight of 200 grams. Samson is suitable for long-term storage and processing, it can also be consumed fresh and in salads.
Vitamin 6
This variety is very common. It grows especially well on peat soils. From sowing to harvesting of fruits, it takes from 90 to 120 days. The fruits are quite large, elastic with a hard core. They are cylindrical in shape and contain a very high percentage of carotene. Diameter about 15 centimeters, diameter 4.9 centimeters.
Fruits are orange in color with a bright core. This variety is suitable for both canning and fresh use. Gardeners appreciated its high taste and nutritional value. Fairly resistant to premature flowering, but prone to cracking, up to 20% of harvested orange cones can be damaged and become unsuitable for further storage.
Losinoostrovskaya 13
It is very popular with gardeners. The plant is well suited for baby food due to the high content of carotene and other nutrients. Vegetables are cylindrical in shape and traditionally give a very large yield. The variety is not prone to cracking, while it is well suited for canning and freezing. The roots contain a sufficient amount of sugar from 7 to 11 percent. The length of the carrot is about 15 centimeters, and the diameter is about 4.9 centimeters. the core is soft and practically does not differ in color from the pulp.
The plant is well suited for baby food due to the high content of carotene and other nutrients.
Moscow winter
This subspecies has a very good yield. From the moment of germination to ripening, 70-100 days pass. A useful root is perfectly stored and can lie almost until spring. Harvest with blunt ends and a small core. The length of the fruit is approximately 15-18 centimeters, and the weight is 100 grams. The pulp is juicy and sweet. The type is characterized by medium resistance to diseases. The taste is excellent, the sugar content is about 8%, and carotene is 10-12 mg.
Moscow winter - the subspecies has a very good yield.
Incomparable
From sowing to harvesting takes from 104 to 130 days. The yield of the variety is also very high. From one square meter, you can collect 3-7 kilograms of a valuable product. Incomparable is characterized by the fact that it does not bloom. At the same time, the yield of this vegetable exceeds the volume of the product obtained by using other planting material. The surface, flesh and core of the fruit are bright orange. Root crops are moderately long: they reach 17 centimeters in length and 4.6 centimeters in diameter. The palatability of the Incomparable is medium and good, the keeping quality of the species is medium and good, the harvest is easily preserved in the winter-spring period.
The variety gives a good harvest, due to which it enjoys well-deserved popularity among summer residents. The fruits are completely in the ground, so they do not need hilling and are well suited to those summer residents who would not like to spend too much time caring for the garden. They have a lot of carotene, so they are well suited for feeding young children.
The variety gives a good harvest, due to which it enjoys well-deserved popularity among summer residents.
These varieties are not as tasty, but can be stored for a long time and not wither. Gardeners recommend paying attention to the following types of late-ripening carrots.
Vita longa
This class has longish fruits and keeps well until spring. On clay soils, pointed and highly branched roots usually form. The fruits are tasty, rich in carotene and sugar, while they do not crack. The outer cover of the vegetable is quite thin, in connection with this they fade very quickly and are not too resistant to the influence of various viruses. Carrots are great for juicing, but they can also be used for mashing and eating fresh.
The outer cover of the vegetable is quite thin, in connection with this they fade very quickly and are not too resistant to the influence of various viruses.
Yellowstone
The variety is yellow, which is why it got its name. Outwardly, the vegetable resembles a long spindle with a pointed end. The yield of this variety is quite large. The vegetable has excellent taste and contains a sufficient amount of vitamins and nutrients. Of particular importance for human health are xanthophylls and lutein, which protect the retina. The length of root crops reaches up to 25 centimeters. Average weight one copy - 200 grams. This subspecies is characterized by a very high yield: from one square meter you can get from 4 to 8 kilograms.
The vegetable has excellent taste and contains a sufficient amount of vitamins and nutrients.
autumn queen
The variety is very popular among amateurs, as it is characterized by high consumer and commercial qualities. fruits by appearance reminiscent of a cylinder, root crops are sharp and long enough. It takes 120 days from germination to maturity. They vary in length from 20 to 25 centimeters. The yield of the variety is high. From one square meter you can get from 4 to 10 kilograms. The variety is characterized by increased resistance to cracking and bolting, therefore it can be recommended for fresh consumption, as well as for all species. The species is late-ripening: it may take from 90 to 131 days to fully ripen from the moment fresh shoots appear.
The variety is characterized by increased resistance to cracking and bolting, therefore it can be recommended for fresh consumption, as well as for all species.
Seedlings are resistant to flowering and can be perfectly stored until spring. The softness is sweet, fragrant, characterized by a high sugar content. Due to their resistance to diseases, they can be recommended for planting before winter.
In addition to the onset of technical maturity and the growing season, another classification criterion for the root crop is distinguished: the color of the roots. In the gardens you can find the following types of crops: orange, yellow, white, purple, black.
Orange carrot for Central Russia
The most common orange. We are accustomed to it and know that the fruits are orange or light orange, but few people know that until the 16th century this useful root was exclusively purple or in rare cases yellow. Gradually, natural hybrids began to appear in nature, arising from the crossing of purple and yellow carrots, but in the 17th century the Dutch decided to cultivate a valuable crop and gradually brought out a bitter-tasting orange vegetable, sweet and rich in carotene, from a wild spindle-shaped plant.
The most common orange carrot.
The modern garden dweller is markedly different from the wild spindle-shaped plant, which was used primarily for medicinal purposes. Gradually, thanks to the coordinated work of breeders, she became thick and sweet, like an orange.
The black root crop has fruits of black or dark purple color. Until recently, this popular garden dweller was exactly that color, until Dutch breeders brought carrots to match the color of the royal coat of arms. In some gardens, it is still found in its original black form. Since ancient times, this plant has been used to treat various skin diseases, and the oil from its seeds has been used to combat dandruff.
Black carrot as a medicinal plant
Garden culture of unusual color has been known since the Middle Ages. It was called differently in different regions of Europe: skortsioner, goat, sweet goat, sweet Spanish root. The original variety can be recognized by yellow fragrant flowers. Garden culture usually grows no more than 35 centimeters and 3-4 centimeters in thickness. pulp white color and contains milky juice. The smell of the root is similar to the smell of vanilla.
Due to the increased content of inulin, vitamins and other useful substances, the product normalizes metabolism and can be used to feed patients.
For the first time, a seedling of an unusual color appeared in Central Asia. Carrots differ in appearance from their more familiar orange counterparts due to the presence of the xanthophyll enzyme in them. This enzyme is structurally similar to beta-carotene. In terms of taste, such carrots are significantly inferior to the traditional ones: the yellow horticultural crop is not so sweet and contains more fibers. The Uzbek variety of the vitamin root is usually found in the markets. It is not so juicy and the taste also leaves much to be desired compared to the orange counterpart. But the Central Asian vegetable has unique properties that allow you to treat photophobia and other disorders of the retina.
Carrots differ in appearance from their more familiar orange counterparts due to the presence of the xanthophyll enzyme in them.
The yellow root is useful not only for the eyes. If chewed regularly, it will help strengthen the gums. Drinking carrot juice on an empty stomach will help prevent stomach problems. The prepared juice from this plant is recommended to be consumed no later than within 5 minutes after preparation. When stored for a longer time useful material break down in the open air.
Often there is a vegetable whose fruits have a color from lilac to eggplant. It is interesting that this particular variety was known to our ancestors from ancient times, but at that time it was not eaten, but was considered a healing agent. It was not until the 17th century that Dutch breeders began breeding orange cylinders. By crossing a purple wild plant and an orange one, the carrot gradually became the color we are used to.
The taste of purple carrots practically does not differ from ordinary specimens, but it has a healing property.
This variety has acquired such a unique color due to the exceptionally high content of beta and alpha carotenes. The taste of purple carrots practically does not differ from ordinary specimens, but it has a healing property: it contributes to the production of anthocyanin in the human body, due to which resistance to oncological diseases increases. Scientists have found that such a plant has a more diverse chemical composition, which is ideal for nutrition, and also helps to strengthen immunity.
In addition to those indicated, in the beds, although not very often, there are pink and white types of carrots. Many are alarmed by such an unusual root crop and they are afraid to eat it. In fact, this variety is no different from its orange relatives in terms of vitamin content and taste. The only difference that causes its strange color is the absence of coloring pigments. The white beauty appeared in Afghanistan, and she also received sufficient distribution in India and Pakistan. A mature hybrid is juicy and sweet in taste. The roots have a smooth surface, bright white color and dense structure. culture has one salient feature. When growing it, periodic hilling is necessary to avoid the appearance of green growths on the roots. Hilling can be done manually or using a special device (cultivator).
The only difference that causes its strange color is the absence of coloring pigments.
Such a subspecies is usually an artificially bred hybrid, which means that, although it is stored for a long time, the difference in taste from orange counterparts is very noticeable. The vegetable is well suited for eating raw and cooking (boiling, stewing, frying).
Carrots of foreign and domestic selection.
Gardeners, faced with the variety of seed material on the market Lately often argue whether it is worth choosing plants bred in Russia or abroad. It is necessary to clarify a number of points. Foreign and domestic breeders pay attention to various quality criteria. If domestic ones pay more attention to the content of semi-solid substances and taste, abroad, the emphasis is most often placed on appearance and keeping quality. That is why domestic seeds or hybrids can be recommended for planting.
Whatever the variety, it is impossible to achieve a real vitamin scattering if you do not approach the choice of material with all responsibility. In this situation, you can not rely on "maybe", use the recommendations of neighbors or articles on the Internet.
Before choosing the right type of root crop, a number of factors must be considered. First of all, it is worth considering what you plan to use the resulting product for. Early breeds are best eaten fresh, while others are well suited for pickles and marinades. It is also important to take into account the climate in which the crop will be grown: varieties that are ideal for the south will grow poorly in the north or in Central Russia. The structure of the soil also has an effect: seedlings with long fruits will grow better on sandy and peat soils, and short-fruited varieties should be planted on heavier ones.
In this article, not all have been considered, but only the best varieties carrots. At the same time, the plant is unpretentious, which means that any summer resident is able to grow it.
