How to fertilize roses when planting in spring. How to feed a rose in the spring at the dacha at different stages of growth
The recipe for getting beautiful and healthy rose bushes is quite simple - loose soil, proper watering and timely fertilizing, which provides the plants with the necessary nutrients.
Applying fertilizers does not present any particular difficulties, but it is important for every gardener to know when and what nutrients to feed the rose depending on the season.
Why feed roses?
Roses love abundant fertilizing and nutritious soil, saturated with mineral and organic fertilizers. If the plant is sick and blooms poorly, and its leaves begin to deform or become stained, then the problem lies in depleted soil.
The situation can be corrected by timely addition of nutrients that will ensure the health and full growth of the bush. Thanks to fertilizing, the rose will be able to better withstand winters, and in the summer it will reward you with lush and fragrant flowers.
When should you feed roses?
In the spring, fertilizers are applied as early as possible, before active growth of shoots and buds begins. Feeding begins with the establishment of good weather and is carried out both by root and foliar methods. In summer, fertilizing begins before the formation of buds and is fertilized several times a season, paying special attention to saturating the plants during flowering.
In the fall, experts advise feeding the rose twice: the first time in early September immediately after flowering, and the second time at the end of September or in the first half of October.
How to feed a rose in spring?
In spring, the choice of type of fertilizing largely depends on the age of the plants. If the rose was planted in the previous year, then the best nutrition for her will be diluted organic matter. One part of bird droppings or mullein is mixed with three parts of water, and then the resulting slurry is diluted with water in a ratio of 1 to 10 and the bushes are watered.
For adult roses, ammonium nitrate is more suitable, which is added to the soil at the rate of 20–30 grams per square meter. Once the weather gets warmer after pruning, you can feed the plants with urea, which will allow them to grow leaves better. It also doesn’t hurt to fertilize the rose with superphosphate, which affects flowering and photosynthesis.
Summer feeding of roses
In summer, potassium and phosphorus should predominate in the fertilizing composition, since the quality of the buds depends on them. Before the flowers form, the soil is watered with a fertilizer solution, for which 10 grams of superphosphate and potassium sulfate are diluted in 10 liters of water. A similar fertilizing is given in June, and in July, at the beginning of flowering, fertilizers are applied a third time, but in this case a more nutritious complex is prepared.
10 liters of water are mixed with 500 grams of chicken manure, 10 grams of superphosphate and 10 grams of nitrophoska, after which the bushes are watered. Additionally, a glass of ground wood ash can be added to the soil under each plant.
What fertilizers are given to roses in the autumn?
Lush flowering requires a significant consumption of nutrients, so after the end of the growing season, roses need to restore the balance of minerals. It must be taken into account that at this time the plants enter a dormant period, so nitrogen fertilizers should be excluded.
The best option would be a solution of 10 liters of water, a tablespoon of superphosphate and the same amount of potassium sulfate. You will need to pour 4–5 liters of the resulting mixture under each bush.
IN Lately some gardeners prefer natural fertilizers and fertilize roses folk remedies. A yeast solution gives good results, which increases the survival rate of cuttings and strengthens the root system.
To prepare it, 50 grams of fresh yeast (or 1 gram of dry) are diluted in a liter of warm water, a teaspoon of granulated sugar is added and left for several hours. The solution can then be diluted with water and watered over the plants.
Nutrition of roses.
The rose is perhaps the most responsive and grateful plant for fertilizer and watering. High requirements for nutrition and moisture are due to the biological characteristics of this plant. Only small roots can absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Skeletal roots anchor the plant in the soil and are a conducting system. In addition, they accumulate nutrients that travel from the roots through the shoots to the leaves. Depends on the number of roots, shoots and leaves proper nutrition.
Roses have characteristic growing seasons, each of which has its own nutritional requirements. IN different periods To grow, rose bushes need different nutrients and different amounts. And we must, following the rules of agricultural technology, provide roses with such nutrition.
In the spring, when the roses are finally freed from shelter, their main pruning is carried out. Spring pruning stimulates the growth of roots and shoots. At the same time, leaves grow and buds form. Nutrients, especially nitrogen, are intensively absorbed from the soil. As a result of the action of soil microorganisms, depending on the temperature and humidity of the soil, nitrogen is converted into quickly soluble forms that are actively used by plants. Nitrogen deficiency manifests itself in early cold spring, when roots cannot absorb nutrients, or in rainy weather, when they are easily washed out of the soil.
In summer, for the formation of new shoots and re-flowering, it is necessary to apply a complete mineral fertilizer with microelements and various organic fertilizers.
In autumn, to accumulate a supply of plastic substances, to ripen shoots and prepare roses for winter, they need phosphorus and potassium.
The year after planting, roses do not need fertilizing if you have fertilized the soil well. Young plants can be fed with organic fertilizers only after pinching the buds. The roots of such plants are too delicate, and organic fertilizers, slowly decomposing, will not burn them.
Basic feeding
As organic fertilizers, you can use an albumin solution (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water), mullein infusion (1:10) or chicken manure infusion (1:20).
First feeding. Biennial plants and more mature ones immediately after spring pruning (late April-early May) must be fed with ammonium nitrate (the ammonium form of nitrogen is absorbed faster than the nitrate form), or complex mineral fertilizers (Kristallin, Kemira Universal), or any other complete mineral fertilizer with a high nitrogen content (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water). Since the ground is still cold in early spring, I water the soil around the plants several times before applying fertilizer. hot water so that the earth warms up and the suction roots work well.
It is better to apply fertilizers in liquid form - 3-4 liters for each bush. You can sprinkle the above fertilizers in dry form under the bushes (40 g per 1 sq.m.) and then incorporate them into the soil.
For more than 25 years I have been using combined fertilizing: after each fertilizing with mineral fertilizers, I water the plants with a solution of organic fertilizers. This is a solution of albumin (bovine blood) (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water), solutions of fermented mullein (1:10) or chicken droppings (1:20) or fermented infusion of herbs. I prepare an infusion of herbs like this: fill a 200-liter barrel halfway with chopped herbs (dandelion leaf, nettle, etc.), add 2-3 tbsp. spoons of soda ash or urea. I fill it with water to the top and leave it for 5-7 days, then filter it (I put the grass in the compost heap) and pour this infusion over the plants after applying mineral fertilizers: 1 liter of herb infusion per 5 liters of water.
It should be remembered that organic and mineral fertilizers complement each other. At first, nutrition comes from mineral fertilizers, which are quickly absorbed (under favorable weather conditions). Organic fertilizers are absorbed by plants gradually as they decompose, and help create favorable conditions for more efficient use of mineral fertilizers.
Probably, these fertilizers can be combined in one container, but I feed separately. Very often, especially after rain, I add easily soluble mineral fertilizers in dry form to the wet soil, then spill them with a solution of organic matter.
Second feeding. After 12-15 days, if the spring is rainy and protracted, the applied fertilizers can easily be washed away, then it is necessary to fertilize the roses again with ammonium nitrate, urea or any spring fertilizer (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water), 3-4 liters of solution under each bush, then sprinkle with organic matter, as indicated above.
It is necessary to follow the basic rule when applying fertilizer: before and after fertilizing, it is necessary to water the soil abundantly so that the fertilizer dissolves faster and does not burn the roots.
In order for plants to fully utilize their nutrition, the soil must have enough humus, the source of which is humus, manure, and peat. In peat, the main part of nitrogen is in organic form; it becomes available to plants after mineralization, which proceeds much more slowly than during the decomposition of manure. Peat improves soil structure. It is also an excellent mulch, so after pruning and fertilizing, the ground around the plants, without touching the shoots, is covered with a 5-8 cm layer of peat (after watering the ground). Rotted manure, leaf humus and other loose materials can also be used as mulch. Mulch protects plants from overheating and drying out in summer, and from hypothermia in autumn, prevents the growth of weeds, provides plants with additional nutrition, and allows them to develop much faster and better.
It is good if you repeat mulching in the summer after trimming the flowers of the first bloom and in the fall to protect the roses from hypothermia. Before mulching, it is necessary to loosen the soil. This must be done carefully so as not to damage the roots, especially around self-rooted roses, in which the root system is close to the surface. Loosening is necessary to provide oxygen access to the roots. If I fail to repeat mulching in the summer, then when loosening after watering I rake the mulch and after applying the next fertilizing I return it to its original place.
As a second feeding, you can apply half a bucket of rotted manure under each bush, followed by embedding it in moist soil.
Third feeding. I spend it 12-15 days after the previous one. It coincides with the beginning of budding. In order for the buds to bloom slowly, and the flowers to have a juicy color and stay on the bushes for a long time, I add calcium nitrate (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water), then I spill the soil with organic matter - an albumin solution (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water), fermented mullein (1:10), chicken manure (1:20) or herbal infusion.
Fourth feeding. Before the first flowering you need to apply potash fertilizer with an interval of 12-15 days. Potassium is necessary for roses to form high quality flowers, increase the plant's frost resistance and resistance to fungal diseases.
For the fourth feeding I use 10 liters of water:
potassium sulfate - 30 g;
magnesium sulfate - 10 g;
microelements - 1 tablet or potassium magnesium (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water) - 3-4 liters of solution for each bush.
Do not feed roses during flowering!
Fifth feeding. After summer pruning (immediately after the first flowering), roses must be fed with complex fertilizer with the addition of microelements. As complex fertilizers, you can use the Kemira Universal complex fertilizer, Kristallin, Riga complex fertilizer or any complete fertilizer with a high content of potassium and phosphorus (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water + 1 tablet of microelements). Then the bushes must be watered with a solution of organic fertilizers, as in previous feedings. In the first half of summer, two or three times (from May) I water roses (and other plants in the garden) with a solution of sodium humate in crystals (1 teaspoon per 40 liters of water), 1-2 liters of solution for each bush. Humate stimulates root formation, improves metabolism in plants, accelerates their development and ensures lush flowering. It is better to use humate in liquid form, following the recommendations of the instructions included with the drug.
In the second half of summer, roses need potassium and phosphorus, and nitrogen should be excluded!
Excess nitrogen at this time causes great harm to roses: they begin to grow wildly and do not have time to ripen and prepare for winter. Such plants are weakened and susceptible to fungal diseases. In summer, nitrogen is added only when necessary, when its deficiency is clearly felt - the leaves become pale green in color and the plants grow slowly.
Potassium enhances winter hardiness and plant resistance to fungal diseases. Phosphorus promotes root growth, both elements contribute to good ripening of shoots and preparation of plants for winter.
Feeding roses should be continued until the end of August, but not more than once every 12-15 days.
Roses are very sensitive to high salt content in the soil solution, so frequent fertilizing and fertilizing in large doses without prior watering is unacceptable. They lead to the death of roots. In addition, excess fertilizers on heavy soils are washed out slowly and salinize the soil.
Foliar feeding
During cold rains or when watering in hot weather cold water and under other unfavorable weather conditions, the root system of roses loses the ability to absorb nutrients from the soil; they are given additional nutrition by spraying them with a nutrient solution on the leaves. These are foliar feedings, which are carried out, if necessary, in the intervals between main feedings. Plants are sprayed (preferably from a spray bottle) with a freshly prepared fertilizer solution until the leaves are completely wetted early in the morning or in the evening so that the leaves have time to dry to avoid fungal diseases. For foliar feeding, use urea (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water), sodium humate (1/2 teaspoon in crystals per 20 liters of water), mullein infusion (1:10) with the addition of 1 tablet of microelements or a solution of complete mineral fertilizer (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water + 1 tablet of microfertilizers). It is very good to use ash for spraying. Two glasses of ash are poured with hot water, boiled for 10-15 minutes, infused, and filtered. Dilute in 10 liters of water. It is advisable to add 1 tablet of microfertilizers before spraying. This foliar feeding is very effective before flowering and in the second half of summer. You can also use ash in dry form: sprinkle it around the bushes, reducing soil acidification.
Several times during the growing season I dust the leaves (through a strainer) with ash. In addition to nutrition, ash protects plants from pests.
During the budding period and in the second half of summer, in the intervals between main, regular fertilizing, it is advisable to spray the rose bushes with a solution of phosphorus and potassium once a month. I proceed as follows: pour double superphosphate with hot (100 g per 1 liter) water, leave for 3-4 hours, filter and dilute in 10 liters of water. Before spraying, I add 20 g of potassium nitrate and spray the plants with the freshly prepared solution until the leaves are completely wetted.
During replanting, pruning, cutting flowers, cold weather or drought, it is very useful to spray roses with the antidepressant epin (1 ampoule per 5 liters of water).
It should be remembered that all foliar feeding should be carried out only with a freshly prepared solution.
When applying fertilizer, you should always take into account the specific conditions and condition of the soil in your area. In dry summers, fertilizers need to be applied less and less often. In rainy summers, when nutrients are easily washed out, feed more often, and the recommended doses can be slightly increased. You should always remember that a well-balanced, varied diet allows roses to express themselves in all their glory, produce large, bright flowers, and preserve them for a long time on the bush or in cut form.
Based on materials from the book “Roses” / Teorina A.I. – M.: Fiton+ CJSC, 2007
Everyone who is partial to these beautiful ornamental plants needs to know how to feed roses in the spring for lush flowering in the garden. Fragrant perennials bloom in May and delight the eye all summer with their bright velvet-like petals.
A lush rose garden is a decoration for any area. But for it to become a real highlight of landscape design, flowers need to be properly cared for. This concept includes not only watering. Roses are pruned, covered for the winter to protect from frost, and fertilized regularly. This is a prerequisite for the normal development of flowers.
What to feed roses depends on the plant variety, climatic conditions and soil type, as well as the time of year. Caring for this difficult crop begins immediately after planting and does not stop throughout the life of the flower.
Fertilizers for roses, as for other plants, are divided into 2 large groups:
- organic;
- inorganic.
The first type includes waste products of animals or birds and processed plant residues. There are several main types of organic fertilizers:
- manure;
- humus;
- compost;
- bird droppings;
- ash;
- peat.
Inorganic fertilizers are mineral substances produced industrially specifically for fertilizing the soil and feeding cultivated and ornamental plants. These mixtures contain 3 main components, which should include fertilizers for roses:
- phosphorus;
- nitrogen;
- potassium.
They can act as an independent active ingredient or be supplemented with other compounds beneficial to plants. Complex types of fertilizers are very effective when used correctly. Good result can be obtained by combining organic rose fertilizer with mineral compounds.
This approach is used by professional flower growers. A balanced and timely application of all necessary macro- and microelements will help awaken roses after winter and make them bloom throughout the summer.
When to use organic fertilizers in a flower garden?
How to feed flowers at their next stage life cycle, It has great importance. After all, each planted bush goes through several stages of development throughout the year, at which it requires certain substances.
Almost all natural types of fertilizers are suitable for caring for ornamental plants. Roses are no exception. It is only important to use organic substances correctly so that they do good and not harm.
Before fertilizing roses, you need to determine what organic matter will be useful for them at a given time. Natural fertilizers not only provide nutrition to the plant, but also increase its protective barrier against adverse environmental conditions, improve the structure and composition of the soil, thereby helping flowers to better absorb useful material.
Natural compositions and timing of their use
In the fall, it is customary to add organic mixtures to the flowerbed after the plants have finished flowering. For roses during this period, manure or compost in combination with wood ash will be useful. Fertilizers can be simply distributed throughout the area. But more often they are used for digging. This way, nutrients will quickly reach the root system of plants and provide nutrition throughout the winter.
There is another option for autumn feeding with organic matter: each rose bush is mulched with manure or compost. Sometimes peat is added to better protect the roots of flowers from frost.
In April, the time comes when you need to feed roses once again. This procedure is very important for curvy hair during the summer. Spring feeding of roses planted last year requires the use of natural fertilizers immediately after the cover is removed and side and dry shoots are trimmed. Experienced flower growers advise using liquid infusions of cow or horse manure. You can replace these components with bird droppings.
To prepare a nutrient mixture, you need to dilute 1 kg of manure or bird excrement in 10 liters of water and let it brew for 7 days. Then the composition is re-diluted in a ratio of 1:3, filtered and watered the plants at the rate of 0.5 liters per 1 bush.
The use of fresh raw materials is prohibited. The decomposition temperature of these organic substances is too high for flowers weakened over the winter. In addition, manure that has not had time to rot may contain weed seeds and pathogenic bacteria that are dangerous for roses.
Liquid fertilizer prepared from organic fertilizers can be used repeatedly throughout the growing season. A large amount of nutrients will ensure the full development of your favorite flowers.
Mineral supplements
Feeding roses in the spring should be comprehensive, therefore, in addition to organic fertilizers, it is necessary to actively use various nutritional compositions offered by the chemical industry. Phosphorus-potassium and nitrogen compounds are required by flowers in different proportions, as they affect certain nuances of plant development.
You need to fertilize roses in the spring immediately after the snow melts and relatively warm weather sets in. At the initial stage of development, flowers require a lot of nitrogen. This element is responsible for increasing green mass. Immediately after removing the cover and pruning, the bushes are watered with ammonium nitrate. Fertilizer consumption - 30 g per 1 m². After another 2 weeks, use urea. The use of these substances promotes the active growth of shoots and leaves, in which a vital process for any plant takes place - photosynthesis.
May is the period when the first buds appear on the bushes. At this time, the amount of nitrogen compounds is reduced, replacing them with fertilizers with a high phosphorus content. It is necessary for the development of the root system. In addition, this element improves the quality of plant juice, providing flowers with additional nutrition necessary for the development of buds.
The best phosphorus-based fertilizer for roses in spring is superphosphate. It comes in the form of granules, which can be added to the ground by making a small depression around the bush. It is permissible to use such a phosphorus compound in the form of a solution.
Before flowering begins, potassium salts should be added to the diet of roses. They improve carbohydrate metabolism and increase plant resistance to disease. Potassium sulfate is perfect for this. It easily dissolves in the soil and is completely absorbed by the root system of flowers.
Mineral fertilizers must be used strictly according to instructions. An overdose of any trace element can slow down the growth of a plant, cause a lack of flowers, and even lead to death.
To completely eliminate this possibility, the use of complex mineral fertilizers is allowed. They are designed taking into account the needs of specific plants for a particular component at a certain period of time, therefore they are absolutely safe for roses and are able to ensure their lush flowering and their unique delicate aroma.
For roses of all types and varieties, feeding in spring is an important condition for the harmonious and healthy development of the entire plant, as well as the key to further lush and long-lasting flowering. But for this you need to know a number of specific rules for its implementation, since indiscriminate application of fertilizers will not only not bring the desired results, but can cause irreparable harm to plants. Moreover, at each stage of growth, roses require a different type of nutrition.
Feeding garden roses after planting
Young garden roses in the first year of growth should be fed moderately, no more than four times during the entire growing season. This is done in the following order:
- First feeding (mid-May). For ten liters of water, take one tablespoon of urea and fertilizers for flowering plants;
- Second feeding (early June). For ten liters of water, take one tablespoon of nitrophoska or other mineral complex fertilizer and urea;
- Third feeding (end of June). For ten liters of water, take two tablespoons of superphosphate and complex mineral fertilizer;
- Fourth feeding (mid-July). For ten liters of water, take two tablespoons of fertilizer with a high content of phosphorus and potassium.
How to feed roses in the fall (video)
When feeding, for newly planted bushes it is enough to add three liters of nutrient mixture for each plant. Do not increase the dosage. Since excess minerals, as well as macro- and microelements provoke petrification of the soil and an excessive amount of various salts in it. This has a detrimental effect on the condition of the roots, and subsequently on the entire plant as a whole.
Feeding scheme for adult plants
Roses are quite demanding on the quality and composition of the soil mixture, soil, therefore the soil must constantly and in the right quantity contain all the required nutrients. All of them are contained in ready-made balanced complex fertilizers.
Gardeners also often use organic matter, such as mullein, chicken manure, horse manure, herbal infusions and ash. It is recommended to apply all of them to the soil according to a certain scheme, which should be used from the second year of plant life.
Month | Fertilizer composition |
April |
After the spring pruning period ends and the first buds begin to bloom, you need to add one liter of a nitrogen-rich nutrient mixture to each bush. To do this, you can take one tablespoon of ammonium nitrate or ammophoska per ten liters of water. You can feed roses with urea. This will promote rapid growth of foliage. You can use any mineral complex fertilizers with a high nitrogen content From organic fertilizers, you can feed roses with compost tea during this period. Adding a solution of fresh manure or bird droppings at this time is contraindicated; it is better to do this in the summer |
May |
In May, mineral fertilizers are applied only if for some reason this could not be done in April From organic matter, it is recommended to lay a small amount of rotted manure around the bushes |
June |
This is an important period for the formation of buds, so fertilizing should be done twice a month. For this, fertilizers with a high potassium content are used, which can be alternated with mullein or horse manure, ash, which are dug dry into the grooves around the bushes or solutions are prepared from them |
July |
At the beginning of flowering of roses, fertilizing is not carried out; it is done only after cutting off the first faded buds. To do this, dilute one spoon of universal complex fertilizer or a special mixture for flowering plants in ten liters of water. You can replace mineral fertilizers with mullein, horse manure or chicken droppings (solutions), as well as with an infusion of nettle or any other herb |
August |
A one-time application of complex mineral fertilizer is carried out at the rate of two tablespoons per ten liters of water or any organic solution |
September |
During this period, it is necessary to apply a complex mineral fertilizer without nitrogen content, so as not to provoke active growth of foliage and the formation of new buds. At the same time, it should contain a sufficient amount of phosphorus and potassium, which will allow plants to more easily endure the winter and quickly recover in the spring. You can also use potassium sulfate and superphosphate, twenty grams of which dissolved in ten liters of water It is not recommended to use organic fertilizers at this time. |
Fertilizing should be done about half an hour after watering, so they will have a gentler effect on the root system. Any nutrient liquid is applied at the rate of three to eight liters per plant, depending on its size.
Preparation of organic fertilizers
In order not to burn the delicate roots of roses, you must strictly adhere to the dosage of not only mineral, but also organic fertilizers. Solutions from them are prepared as follows:
- One part of old chicken manure is diluted with ten parts of water, and fresh chicken manure is diluted with twenty parts. After this, the solutions must be allowed to brew for at least five days, and then water should be added to it, in an amount equal to three times the volume of the solution;
- One part mullein is diluted with ten parts water and left for a week. After this, add two volumes of water to it. In the same way, feed is prepared from horse manure;
- To make nettle infusion, you need to chop freshly harvested plants, place the prepared raw materials tightly in containers and fill with water. After ten days, drain the infusion and dilute with ten volumes of water.
To increase the effectiveness of organic fertilizers, it is recommended to add two hundred grams of ash and ten grams of superphosphate for every ten liters of diluted infusion.
Treatment and features of feeding roses after winter
In early spring (late March), when preparations are underway for removing the cover, while ventilating rose bushes, it is recommended to carry out preventive treatment by diluting two hundred grams of Bordeaux mixture in ten liters of water. It can be replaced with copper sulfate at the rate of three hundred grams of the substance per ten liters of water. You can also sprinkle the soil around the roses with wood ash, distributing it at a rate of three hundred grams per square meter. This will ensure that plants are less likely to be affected by diseases and pests, which are then very difficult to get rid of. After a week, you can spray the roses with a growth stimulator.
It is advisable to carry out the first spring fertilizing using the foliar method., which is best suited for weakened plants, which are roses during this period. For this purpose, they now use specially designed preparations that contain all the necessary components for active growth and laying buds. It is better to do this on a cloudy day; if this is not possible, then you need to fertilize in the morning or evening. Spraying in hot weather can lead to sunburn of plants, which is very harmful to their health.
Feeding indoor roses
Before the start of winter, a rose grown at home, like a garden rose, should be treated: remove faded buds and dried leaves, and also prune. In winter, the plant will be in a state of relative dormancy and does not need to be fed.. Fertilization should begin a month after spring transplanting or transshipment, when the rose begins to grow. This will help the plant quickly acclimatize and gain strength after winter, and will also promote harmonious growth and the formation of numerous buds.
Indoor roses can be fertilized according to the same monthly schedule as garden roses, but this must be done every ten days. At good care the plant produces numerous foliage and blooms profusely, but at the same time prefers pots with a small volume, so the soil in them is quickly depleted. In March, foliar feeding should be done every week.
Spring feeding of roses (video)
Roses are an elegant decoration not only in the country house, but also in any home or office. At the same time, caring for them is quite simple. Feeding, like other aspects of plant maintenance, is not difficult and does not take much time. At the same time, it brings great benefits to flowers, which in turn delight others with their magnificent appearance.
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