Analysis of "Wolves" Shukshin (School compositions). Analysis of the literary work of V.M.
Vasily Shukshin's story "Wolves" is a short, vivid sketch of a tense moment in life, where danger clearly reveals the essence of two different human characters: small, selfish - and broad, bold.
Ivan Degtyarev and his father-in-law, a tedious, troublesome money-grubber Naum Krechetov, set off on two harnessed sleighs to the forest for firewood on a winter Sunday morning. Having driven away already far from the village, they suddenly see five wolves on the hillock, waiting for prey. Naum is seized with a terrible panic. He turns his horse around and shouts "Rob-ut!" runs away. Wolves from the mountain rush to catch up with people and horses.
Ivan's young, inexperienced horse hesitates a little and lags behind. The wolves are quickly approaching Degtyarev's sleigh. Ivan is threatened with certain death, but he retains his composure. The leader of the wolf pack, terrible and fierce, with a scorched muzzle, almost overtakes him. Ivan begins to lash the wolf with a whip.
Both axes prepared for chopping wood lie in the sleigh at the father-in-law. With their help, you can fight off the wolves, but Nahum, not caring about his son-in-law, is in a hurry to save own life... "Give me an ax!" - several times shouts to him Ivan, whom the wolves are already bypassing on both sides. Finally responding to the loud calls of his son-in-law, Krechetov throws one ax to the side of the road, but continues to run away himself. Ivan jumps out of the sleigh and grabs the ax, finding himself alone among the hungry predators. But just at this moment the leader of the pack rushes on his horse and picks it up. The rest of the wolves also run up to tear and devour the innards of the horse. In a hurry to feed themselves, they pay little attention to the person, and this saves Ivan's life.
Degtyarev walks away from them along a forest road. Around the bend, he meets his father-in-law, who threw him at the mercy of the wolves. Ivan feels a terrible rage. In order to somehow free himself from her, he rushes to beat the traitor. Degtyarev wants to rip off fair anger on the test in the forest and then not tell anyone about his dastardly act. However, Naum, whipping his horse, leaves for the village, also shaming Ivan by the fact that he, "the devil's devil", "naked" has crawled into their rich relatives.
Feature film "Profile and full face" (1977) based on the stories of Vasily Shukshin "Wolves", "Cherednichenko and the circus" and "Shores"
Returning home alone, Ivan drinks a glass of vodka and goes to the Krechetovs to sort it out. Father-in-law, mother-in-law and wife are already waiting for him with a policeman. Ivan scolds Naum, barely holding back so as not to rush at him. But the fussy Krechetov does not repent at all, on the contrary, in front of a policeman, he accuses his son-in-law of intending to "show his discontent and arouse people." The policeman already knows the whole story that happened in the forest. Wanting to help Ivan, he takes him out of the Krechetovs' house - out of harm's way. So that Degtyarev does not go back there and start a fight on his own, the policeman invites him to sit in the village jail for the night, where the two of them will play chess together.
Lesson extracurricular reading
In grade 9 on the topic:
analysis of Shukshin's story "Wolves"
(I invite you to talk)
Design: portraits of V. Shukshin,
epigraph, vocabulary work,
Compiled by the teacher
Russian language and literature
Shevchenko N.P.
G. Soviet
2016 account year
The topic of our lesson was the words of one of the heroes of Shukshin's story "Wolves" - "For you to be a man ...".
As an epigraph for the lesson, I took lines from a poem by our fellow countryman, my colleague, teacher Anatoly Kazantsev from the village of Pionersky.
During the classes.
Teacher's word
Today, our interlocutor will be a person with an amazingly sensitive soul, extraordinary inner vision, a master to see life through a magnifying glass and notice such subtleties and touches of human essence in it that we do not notice.
Let's look at the portrait of Vasily Makarovich Shukshin, it is striking sincerity, inner concern, simplicity, amazing humanity, kindness, connection with common man, i.e. with me, with you, with those whom he loves, with the people.
Delving into the life miniatures of Shukshin's plots, you see all your shortcomings. Conscience cannot remain indifferent. It's awkward for yourself, for you, for the actions of other people.
We have already got acquainted with the story "Wolves", for the first time it was published in the magazine " New world»In 1967. It is based on a real case, which the mother told the author. And Shukshin's skill is that he was able to interrupt what he heard into a very deep work, moral issues.
And today I invite you to a difficult conversation, an adult. I would be glad if the result of the lesson is that you leave it a little cleaner, morally higher, kinder.
I want to start a conversation with a poem by Anatoly Kazantsev, from which the epigraph to our lesson is taken.
We are taught to think that we are wolves
That you need to wolf to learn vocals,
I smashed the mirror into small pieces
In order not to see your predatory grin.
My little brother, my four-legged enemy,
Having settled in me for a while,
A dense beast, embittered, cruel,
The shadow of a man sees on the wall.
Explain the words of the epigraph, what is its role?
(The epigraph expresses the main idea of our lesson, good and evil often fight in a person's soul, a predatory beast lives that can destroy a person from the inside. A person must get rid of everything that is unkind in himself, no matter how cruel life is, a person).
Why is the story called "Wolves"?
(In the story, wolves suddenly appear, which threaten human life, but there is another meaning here).
Wolves are people who can betray, throw in trouble, saving only their own lives.
What turns people into wolves?
Selfishness cowardice through
Indifference, disunity, these negative
Malice cruelty quality
Cowardice loss of conscience occurs
Predation resourcefulness loss of everything
Envy is human deceit
Let's remember what is the plot of the story?
(Two people, relatives, father-in-law and son-in-law, between whom a far from simple relationship has developed, go to the forest for firewood, wolves suddenly appear and start chasing people. Father-in-law, rushing ahead, abandons one son-in-law with five wolves. Miraculously manages to save his life ).
The composition of the story?
(3 parts, what do they tell about, how can they be titled?)
1 part. Naum's early visit
Part 2. Wolves
Part 3. To make you a human
Let's analyze the first part.
Between whom and whom does the conflict arise? How do we see it? How do they relate to each other?
But the speech of the heroes is also a means of characterization. Last, how can you see their hostility towards each other through the conversation of relatives?
Naum considers his son-in-law a lazy person, entering the house, he reproaches him: “Are you asleep? Commercials, Vanechka, you can sleep through the whole kingdom of heaven. " And only then he says hello. On the words of his son-in-law about comfortable housing in the city (no need to worry about firewood, no need to carry water), he sarcastically replies: “On the one hand, of course, it's good - running water, on the other hand, you would have completely slept.”
Ivan behaves more restrained, dreams of an easy life, an arranged life in the city, does not rush to get up, he does not want to work on Sunday, he does not respond to his father-in-law's greeting, which shows disrespect for a person older than himself, his appeal to his father-in-law sounds ironic : "Your honor". So, a conflict arises between the son-in-law and the father-in-law. Although they are relatives, they are strangers to each other.
What is positive about Naum's character? Characteristics of heroes are given by
Hardworking, energetic (already on his feet), dexterous, businesslike, takes care of his daughter's family, lived his life in the village, he is used to the village life, he loves the village, raised a good daughter, she respects her father and always keeps his side.
Naum - the name from the word "mind", "smart", there is a foundation, he is the oldest, experienced in the family.
And only the word "cunning" makes us wary. What does this word mean? We look into Dictionary:
Sly - able to deceive, to benefit for himself, to wriggle out of any situation.
Negative in the character of Ivan:
Disrespectful to the wife's father
Doesn't show proper care of the family (and he is the head of his family)
Lazy, not overworked
(Ivanushka is a fool, lies on the stove and eats rolls, an association with a hero folk tale).
Perhaps not only because Ivan “came to everything ready”, but also because of this he took a dislike to his son-in-law's father-in-law. It is difficult to understand the nature of these people. Whose side are you on? It seems that Naum wins in comparison with Ivan.
Where does the second part begin? (with a description of nature). Read it.
What role does landscape play in the story? What does he emphasize? (in nature everything is calm, silence and beauty, harmony, and in the world of people - hostility, hostility, alienation)
The world of nature - the world of human relations
Naum, Ivan - wolves
Guys, in the life of every person there comes a moment when he is tested for strength, for decency, for humanity. This is a kind of serious test, and not everyone is able to pass it with dignity. This idea is confirmed by the story.
What extreme situation revealed the humanity of the heroes?
(meeting with wolves)
How did the heroes reveal themselves, how did they behave in this situation?
Let's read the episode of the chase by roles (Naum, Ivan, author)
Naum - betrayed his son-in-law, he saved his own skin, left him alone in a difficult situation,
left one with five wolves, chickened out, refused to help.
Ivan - trying to ask for help, in this situation he forgets about his antipathies to
"Father", "we will fight back" (trying to explain to him), does not immediately realize the whole
danger, wastes time, never saw a wolf.
When did Ivan realize the full extent of the danger? (When I examined the leader of the pack).
Read the description of the wolf - counselor. Throughout the story, our attitude towards Naum changes, a vocabulary of increasing negativity arises: "bastard", "skin", "bitch", "chairman", "creeping serpent", "bastard".
What is the climax? (duel between a wolf and a man).
How does the leader behave? Read it. (he watches the person cautiously, feels danger, is ready to protect the flock at any moment, to rush at the person).
But Naum is also a leader, the eldest in the family and wise by life experience.
How does he behave? (abandons a relative, does not want to be responsible for a person's life)
Antithesis
Wolf Leader - Leader of the Naum Family
Strength, unity - weakness, disunity.
Who turned out to be stronger than wolves or people?
What is the strength of wolves and what is the weakness of people?
Wolves - one camp, close-knit, friendly pack
As shown, the unity of predators (through 3l., Plural verbs)
Find confirmation of this thought
People are disunited, they are saved one by one, they turn out to be weak.
It turns out that people have a lot to learn from nature (after all, wolves are part of nature), they turn out to be wiser than people.
What is your position? How should Naum have behaved? (help, do not quit, overcome your cowardice)
Why did he, wise by experience, leave the man?
What made him a wolf to save his own skin? (cowardice, cowardice, selfishness, selfishness)
What could Naum have done when he met Ivan? (admit guilt, obey)
Reading the beginning of the story, we could not even suspect what negative qualities there are in the character of Naum, and only here they manifested themselves in full.
What does the denouement mean? Let's see part 3.
Which new hero arises in the story? (in the last part, a policeman appears in the house of Naum)
On the one hand, he is on the side of Naum, since his son-in-law threatens him and he is obliged to protect his father-in-law by law.
On the other hand, humanly, he is on Ivan's side.
How can this be seen? Read these episodes.
There was a moment when a policeman tried to reconcile the heroes.
What do you think, is reconciliation possible? (no, you cannot ask for betrayal. Ivan could have died, this can hardly be asked)
What is the theme of the story? Complex relationships between people, through which their incompatible is revealed before us moral values... That. the author helps to understand the following idea: the first impression about a person can be deceiving, but life itself can rip off the mask from any person and expose his wolfish essence. A black soul was hidden behind the external charm.
What lesson did Ivan want to teach his father-in-law. What for?
(beat, teach him a lesson so that he becomes a man, and in a similar situation already behaved differently). Ivan's words: "To be a man ..." To whom are these words addressed? (not only to Naum, the author speaks through these words to each of us)
"To you was a man ... "
And what do you think a person should educate in himself in order to be him:
Through Mercy
these positive kindness
quality Responsiveness
Responsibility for the fate of another is formed
morality Humanity
Human Honesty
The ability to show courage
and stand up for the weak
It follows from all this that a person must educate his soul, get rid of the wolf, predatory, negative through the mission of kindness and understanding, respect and decency, humanity and mercy, otherwise he will turn into a shadow of a person.
Conclusion. Teacher's word.
The soul of each of us, the soul of a person is like a garden, and it depends on a person what kind of garden he grows in his soul, a beautiful, well-groomed garden that brings joy and happiness not only to the owner himself, but also to other people, or this garden will be abandoned, overgrown with weeds and weeds, which does not bear fruit, does not make other people happy, causes only despondency and regret. Shukshin's story teaches how to be human.
Homework.
Creative work.
Try to write a continuation of the story (take this title: "Continuation Will Write Life")
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Blackboard decoration
| Vocabulary work | |
| Charming- full of charm, charm. Sly - hiding his true intentions, going by deceitful ways to achieve something. Skin - (deep, vernacular), a corrupt person, selfish, pursuing only personal gain. Skinner- the one who cares about his own well-being, about his personal benefits to the detriment of others. Selfishness. Leader- the one who leads (here in relation to the person). Moral- 1) a set of norms of human behavior in any society. 2) moral qualities of a person. | composition, antithesis, climax, denouement, theme of the work, Shukshin Vasily Makarovich is a famous Soviet writer, screenwriter, director and actor. The writer based his literary works on the opposition of rural and urban lifestyles. One of the striking examples is the short story "Wolves" by V. M. Shukshin. Summary it will be given in the article. Biography of Vasily Makarovich Shukshin (1929-1974)Vasily Makarovich was born in 1929 into a simple peasant family in the Altai outback. Shukshin Sr. was shot during the collectivization period, the future writer at that time was barely 5 years old. At the age of 17, Vasily Makarovich went to get a job on a collective farm. For the next 8 years, the writer regularly changes his place and occupation, going from a locksmith at a turbine and tractor factories to a Russian language teacher at a school in his native village. In 1954, having persuaded his mother to sell the only cow, with the proceeds Shukshin went to Moscow and entered the directing department of VGIK. Two years later, Vasily Makarovich gets his first episodic role in the film " Quiet Don", and in another 2 years his first story," Two on a cart. " The story of the story "Wolves"The story "Wolves" was written in 1967 and became one of the iconic works literary creation Vasily Makarovich. A summary of "Wolves" by V. Shukshin cannot convey the humor and depth of narration inherent in all the writer's works. Despite the brevity, simplicity and unpretentiousness, all of Shukshin's works are instructive and deeply moral. Vasily Makarovich had high hopes for one of his first works, where he acted as a screenwriter. This is a historical film about Rasputin. In 1967, the project, on which the author had been working for more than two years, was rejected. Perhaps this event influenced the title and the overall emotional plan of the story "Wolves". A summary of the story "Wolves" by V. M. ShukshinReading the complete work takes no more than 10 minutes. The summary of "The Wolves" by Vasily Shukshin is comparable in volume to the original text, but, of course, loses in the expressiveness and imagery of the narrative. The writer is an acknowledged master of the short story. The events of the work take place in an unnamed village. Naum, still an old sly man, and his son-in-law Ivan are the main characters story. Father-in-law and son-in-law dislike each other, which is reported in the first paragraph of the text. Naum considers Ivan too lazy, but his son-in-law does not like life in the country and his father-in-law, who always reproaches him for being lazy.
The men agree to go into the forest for firewood, each in his own cart. On the way, they meet a pack of wolves. Nahum immediately turns around and launches his horse into a gallop, incessantly shouting "Grab-ut!" At first, Ivan is funny, he thinks stupid both the fear of his father-in-law and his inappropriate exclamation. But then, when the pack, led by the leader, catches up with the sleigh, and Ivan, who has never seen the animal live before, realizes that the wolf is not a yard dog, his laughter fades away. The hero has nothing with him except a whip for the horse and hay in the sleigh. Naum, on the other hand, does not even think to slow down and help her daughter's husband, even the ax did not immediately agree to hand it over, and he threw it to the side of the road. Ivan gets off the sleigh, and the wolves catch up and bully his horse.
The flock does not touch the man, but he is angry and resentful. Ivan scolds his father-in-law for cowardice, promises to beat him for meanness, but he cannot catch up with Naum. The ending of the story is both funny and tragic at the same time. Upon returning to the village, Ivan finds his wife and Naum in the company of a policeman. The father-in-law accuses the son-in-law of brawliness and dislike of the authorities, Ivan is taken away to the "village jail" "out of harm's way", although the policeman admits that he does not like Naum either. Morality in the story "Wolves"Having described two chases - the wolves after Ivan and already Ivan after Naum, the writer very subtly showed the reader how easy it is for a person to turn into a beast. Revenge, anger and banal resentment do not paint him in the same way as pettiness, cowardice, meanness and quarrelsomeness.
If, before the death of the horse, all the reader's sympathies are on the side of the lazy, but simple Ivan, then after his threats to his father-in-law, the reader comes to the conclusion that they - the Policeman in the finale shows more sympathy for Ivan than he for his own father-in-law. Answers (2) The moral problems of the 60-70s of the XX century are comprehended in the works of writers writing about the village: V. Shukshin, F. Abramov, V. Belov. These authors consider the topic of the spirituality of the Russian person. V. Shukshin is a wonderful writer who knows how to convey stories in his own way. His stories are characterized by their simplicity. Despite the outward simplicity of the plot and brevity, they are deeply moral and instructive, one feels that the author has a rich life experience behind him. The writer, with good irony and without excessive edification, shows us what is good and what is bad, what is possible and what is not. Morality can be drawn from his stories. For example, as in the story "Wolves". Here we see what happens when people turn into animals. There are two main characters in the story, two simple Russian men. Naum is not old yet, quick, cunning and charming (probably there is some irony of the author). Ivan is strong, though a little lazy. The author immediately makes it clear that there are disagreements between them (at the beginning of the story it is said that there was a family enmity between Ivan and Naum). They go to the forest for firewood, and they are attacked by wolves. Naum was the first to chicken out. From fear he even lost his head, shouted: "Rob-ut!" It is clear that this person is a coward, an eternal fear for his own life lives in him, any situation causes him anxiety. At first, Ivan remained calm, cold-blooded, he even wondered at the reaction of his father-in-law. ”But when the wolves were near, Ivan also felt creepy. Anyone can be possessed by fear when danger is near. The situation was such that Ivan needed Naum's help. Nahum had only to hold the horses, and then he and Ivan would have fought off the wolves. But he chickened out, and Ivan was in great danger. Naum betrayed him. The wolves attacked the sleigh and mauled the horse. Only Ivan's courage and self-control saved him, he survived. So much for a simple man, here for you, “naked like a falcon!”, As Nahum used to say. I survived in such a situation, did not get scared. A brave man. And Naum turned out to be a coward and a traitor. But here is the next moment of the plot. Ivan decided to settle scores with the villain. And another race began. Then the wolves were catching up with the man, and now the man was catching up with the man. How are these two better than wolves? Thirst for revenge, anger turn people into animals. This is the meaning of the title of the story. The conflict continues at Naum's home, when Ivan finally came to deal with the traitor. It's good that the policeman intervened, otherwise there would have been a murder. Thanks to this story, I finally realized for myself that cowardice is perhaps the worst vice, it often gives rise to meanness, betrayal in a person, brings to life everything bad, without which our existence, unfortunately, can not do to this day. Almost all authors who consider the problem of morality in their works in one way or another do not undertake to solve this problem in any one way, although they have rather clear ideas about moral categories. However, showing the imperfection of a person who constantly transgresses the laws of morality, they nevertheless approach this topic with a certain degree of caution, trying to avoid straightforwardness, stilted images, and annoying edification.  |
