Chapter VI What prompted the peasants to join Dubrovsky? Why does the blacksmith Arkhip kill the clerks, but at the risk of his own life, he saves the cat? Troekurov - an old Russian gentleman (composition) How he perceived troekurov.
The novel by the great Russian writer A.S. Pushkin's "Dubrovsky" is a work in which the writer paints an unusually vivid image of the Russian landowner, tyrant barin Kirill Petrovich. For all his vices, he was revered by neighbors and officials. Let's try to figure out what gave Troekurov a lot of weight in the provinces?
Origins and relationships with neighbors
Kirilla Petrovich is a gentleman, a representative of the noble family of the Troekurovs. He is not only rich, but also has valuable connections. This alone is enough to understand what gave Troekurov a lot of weight in the provinces. Neighbors tried to please him in everything, and officials trembled at the sound of his name. Troyekurov took such signs of attention for granted. this landowner, taking advantage of the similar position of Kirill Petrovich, could afford impudent behavior towards neighbors.
So, we understand that money, power, connections, origin - this is what gave Troyekurov a lot of weight in the provinces where his estate was located. Now let's turn to the personality of this well-born gentleman.
Vices of an uneducated person
Such a high position made Kirill Petrovich extremely self-confident. Pampering turned him into a person ready to succumb to any impulse. The author notes that he was a man of little mind. However, the closeness of his actions could not take away from him the influence, which was a consequence of the fact that gave Troekurov a lot of weight in the provinces. Answers to this kind of question are relevant today: the environment is ready to forgive the rich and noble tyrant for the lack of intelligence and the absurdity of jokes.
Lifestyle
The position of Kirill Petrovich in many ways contributed to his leading an idle lifestyle. It should be noted that he was a hospitable gentleman: there were always guests in the house, ready to amuse him and share stupid fun.
Kirill Petrovich and Gavrila Romanovich
The issue of Troyekurov's relationship with the elder Dubrovsky deserves special attention. They were not just neighbors, but also comrades in the service. It should be noted that Gavrila Romanovich was almost the only person whom Kirill Petrovich respected. The elder Dubrovsky could defend his point of view before anyone else. He never lost his self-esteem, he was not particularly interested in what gave Troyekurov a lot of weight in the provinces.
Answers to the question of what is the character of Gavrila Romanovich necessarily contain remarks that he is an impulsive and impulsive person. This makes him akin to a well-born comrade in the service, but the author introduces the elder Dubrovsky to us as an intelligent and worthy person, and he defines Troekurov as a vain spoiled tyrant.
Kirill Petrovich respected Gavrila Romanovich precisely for his courage, for the fact that he did not stoop to ingratiating himself.
The disagreement that occurred between them led to a tragedy. Once the elder Dubrovsky, who was visiting Troyekurov's estate, spoke badly about the conditions in which the servants of Kirill Petrovich were and noted that the dogs of a wealthy landowner live much better. In response to this, one of the hounds had the audacity to answer that it would be nice for individual masters to change the estate for a dog kennel. What gave Troyekurov a lot of weight in the provinces, untied the language of his servants so much that they could communicate disrespectfully even with their neighbors-landlords, especially if they, like Gavrila Romanovich, did not have position, money, connections.
Dubrovsky is insulted. He leaves and writes a letter to Troekurov, in which he demands an apology. Such a tone does not suit the narcissistic domineering master. At about the same time, Dubrovsky discovers the serfs of Kirill Petrovich on his estate, who are stealing the forest. Taking the horses from the thieves, he orders them to be whipped.
This enrages Troekurov. He decides on a terrible revenge and illegally takes possession of Kistenevka, Dubrovsky's poor estate.
Such experiences became the reason that Gavrila Romanovich became very weak. As time passes, Kirill Petrovich realizes that he has gone too far in his desire to take revenge and goes to an old friend to make peace, but when he sees the hated Troekurov, Dubrovsky dies.
The impulsiveness and thoughtlessness of the actions that were characteristic of both heroes, in many ways, became the cause of the unhappiness.
In general, nobility, wealth and connections are what gave Troyekurov a lot of weight in the provinces. The September 1 answer to a similar question can be briefly something like this.
In the first minute of anger, he wanted to launch an attack on Kistenevka with all his servants ... to ravage it to the ground and lay siege to the landowner himself in his estate - such feats were not unusual for him ... "(the pupils' attention is drawn to the meaning of in this case Pushkin puts it in the word "feat"). But the appearance of assessor Shabashkin gave his thoughts a different direction. For his revenge, Troyekurov chooses the lowest way. Knowing the venality of the "ink tribe" and the servile attitude of the bureaucracy towards himself, he starts a deliberately wrong thing, deciding to "take", "take away" the estate from Dubrovsky and thus completely ruin him. “This is the strength to take away the property without any right,” says the owner of Pokrovsky.
His main motivation is to prove to everyone that no one can “go to Troekurov,” even defending his human dignity, his honor. A. G. Dubrovsky behaves quite differently from Troekurov. He breaks off / all relations with his arrogant neighbor after he has not received an apology for the offense inflicted on him. True, he punished Troekurov's people who stole the forest from him, but this was not revenge. He had no idea what Troekurov was planning, and was not very worried when he received a request from the court about his right to own Kistenevka.
An honest and straightforward man, he did not admit that he could become a "victim of a sneak". Troekurov started such a low and dark business that Andrei Gavrilovich could not even imagine the extent of the danger that threatened him.
What was Troekurov's goal pursuing, taking away the estate from Dubrovsky? It is important that the children realize that the rich Troekurov did not need to increase his estates. He did not pursue selfish goals, wishing to seize Kistenevka. He intended to create such conditions for his former friend that he would be completely dependent on him, Troekurov, so that Dubrovsky would ask him for leniency, humiliate himself before him. The arrogant rich man wanted to bring his former friend to complete poverty, break his pride, trample on human dignity. The court's ruling expresses the complete disregard of the Pokrovsky master for the acquired estate. And at the same time, this is a kind of reward, "payment" for the troubles of the clerks: after all, Kistenevka with her peasants was actually transferred to them.
Continuing the conversation, the teacher will ask: "How did the court decision affect Dubrovsky-father?" An unexpected and wrong decision dealt a terrible blow to the old Dubrovsky, depriving him of his home, land, all his modest property, stunning him with cruelty. The poor old man became mad, and although his life was saved for a short time, he fell into a perfect childhood.
That was the tragic end of the trial, to which Kirila Petrovich was traveling with an "evil smile." We ask: "What should have been the mood of Troekurov, who won the case, and why did the court's decision not bring him joy?"
From the point of view of schoolchildren, the "villain" Troyekurov should only rejoice at his victory. They do not always understand why "Dubrovsky's sudden madness strongly influenced her (Troekurov's) imagination and poisoned his triumph." And it is very important to understand Troekurov's feelings, since they largely explain the motives that prompted him to further strive for reconciliation with the old man Dubrovsky.
The court scene is the culmination in the story of Troekurov's quarrel with Dubrovsky. Troekurov's arrival in Kistenevka is a denouement, which serves as the beginning of other events - the history of Dubrovsky the robber. In the process of further work, we will intensify the material of Chapter III. Talking to schoolchildren, the teacher poses the following question to them: "What character traits of Vladimir are manifested in St. Petersburg and what - in Kistenevka?" This question is very important, as it makes you think about the complexity of human characters. The teacher seeks to ensure that the children understand why Vladimir allowed himself "luxurious whims", "played cards and went into debt." The father dearly loved his son, sent him more than Vladimir should have expected, and Vladimir, not feeling a lack of funds, did not think about his father's position. He lived the way most of his fellow officers lived.
But at the same time, Vladimir loved his father very much: "the thought of losing his father tormented his heart painfully." Fifth-graders will imagine the strength of Vladimir's affection for his father, realize that care and concern for a sick old man forced young Dubrovsky, after receiving disturbing news from home, to abandon the carefree Petersburg life and hastily go to Kistenevka.
The question of what prompted Kiril Petrovich to make an attempt to make peace with Dubrovsky deepens the schoolchildren's understanding of Troekurov (the students will remember what feelings he felt after the trial). Together with the children we read: “By nature he was not selfish, the desire for revenge lured him too far, his conscience murmured. He knew the state of his opponent, an old friend of his youth, and the victory did not please his heart. "
Let us explain to the pupils the meaning of the words and phrases we have highlighted. The pupils are able to understand that in the soul of Troyekurov there was a struggle between lower and "nobler" feelings. "Satisfied revenge and lust for power" fought with attachment to an old comrade. to Kistenevka with a "good intention" to make peace with his old neighbor, "to destroy the traces of a quarrel, returning his property."
Reconciliation did not take place. The sick Dubrovsky died at the sight of his "friend". Kirila Petrovich, having heard from Grisha the order of young Dubrovsky to get out as soon as possible before he was kicked out, was driven into indescribable rage: "his face became gloomier than the night, he smiled with contempt, looked menacingly at the courtyard and rode at a pace around the yard."
Now Vladimir has acquired a formidable enemy in the person of Troyekurov, who will not forgive the impudent insult inflicted on him in the presence of serfs.
Serious work requires the question of the attitude of the serfs to the landowners Troyekurov and Dubrovsky. In order to clarify this issue, let us return to Chapter I, where the relationship between landowners and serfs is characterized, read: “Troyekurov treated the peasants and servants ... strictly and willfully, but they were proud of the wealth and glory of their master and, in turn, allowed themselves much in relation to their neighbors, hoping for his strong patronage. "
It is impossible not to recall here the remark of Andrei Gavrnlovich Dubrovsky, which served as the beginning of the quarrel between the two neighbors; "... a wonderful kennel," says Andrei Gavrilovich, "it is unlikely that your people (ie Troekurov's) will have the same life as your dogs." Dubrovsky knew the tough temper of his friend, he knew how he robbed his peasants, and in his remark there was not only envy. It was caused by thinking about the bitter fate of many people, including the serfs of Troyekurov.
The coachman Anton speaks expressively to the young Dubrovsky about the attitude of the peasants towards both landowners. In response to Vladimir's question: "So, you do not want to pass into the possession of Troyekurov?" - he replies: “In possession of Kiril Petrovich! God forbid and deliver: he has a bad time for his own people, but strangers will get it, so he will not only take off the skin from them, but also take away the meat. " A completely different feeling in his address to the young master: “We don’t need anyone but you, our breadwinner. Do not betray us, and we will become yours. "
The Dubrovsky courtyard people are accustomed to their poor masters, who do not despise serfs, treat them like a human being. It is no coincidence that Pushkin tells in detail about the serfs in the Dubrovskys' house (coachman Anton, nanny Orina Egorovna Buzyreva, her son Grisha - Vladimir's servant, blacksmith Arkhip, etc.), but the names of the courtyards Troyekurov are not mentioned at all, except for the arrogant kennel Paramoshka, although in the house many serfs. This indicates that between the gentlemen and the courtiers in the Troekurov estate, the only form of relationship is order and submission.
All the peasants from Kistenev came to say goodbye to the deceased Andrei Gavrilovich: "the women howled loudly, the peasants occasionally wiped away their tears with their fists." And this was not so much an expression of grief as the fear of difficult changes that were expected from the new owner of Kistenevka.
A.S. Pushkin is the greatest, brilliant Russian poet and playwright. In many of his works, the problem of the existence of serfdom is traced. The issue of the relationship between landowners and peasants has always been controversial and caused many controversies in the works of many authors, including Pushkin. So, in the novel "Dubrovsky" the representatives of the Russian nobility are described by Pushkin vividly and clearly. A particularly prominent example is Kirila Petrovich Troekurov.
Kirila Petrovich Troekurov can be safely attributed to the image of a typical old Russian master. He is a retired general-in-chief and the first hero we meet on the pages of the novel. This hero is a rich, noble, influential person with a lot of connections in the provinces. As the author writes, from an early age Troyekurov was spoiled by "everything that only surrounded him" and indulged in impulses of willfulness. The neighbors around him are flatterers and saints who follow any whims and are ready to endure Troekurov's "wild amusements".
When Pushkin describes Troyekurov as a serf landowner - a rich man, he emphasizes unlimited power over man. Despite the strict and capricious treatment of peasants and servants, Troekurov's servants were proud of him for his wealth and power.
Troekurov is a person who loves to have fun. Almost all of his days are spent in search of entertainment, traveling to estates, celebrations and feasts.
Kirila Petrovich does not deny himself anything, everything is permissible for him. He has no sense of proportion even in food.
This hero often commits rash, hasty actions in a fit of feelings, the result of which can be unexpected and unpleasant, causing rejection and hostility.
Troyekurov's amusements for a sane person will seem far from reasonable and adequate. For many guests, a meeting with a bear becomes a terrifying and cruel torture. Troyekurov, watching how a frightened and exhausted from horror man goes mad when he meets a bear one on one, experiences extraordinary pleasure.
All those around him felt fear of Troyekurov not only because of his power, but also the arrogant character corresponding to it. Only to one person did Troekurov show a sense of respect. It was a retired guard lieutenant, comrade in service and neighbor Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky. Dubrovsky was distinguished by his "humble state", decisiveness and impatience. In a sense, these two heroes were similar in character, and this is due to the fact that they were the same age, equally brought up in the same class. Their fates were also similar: both of them married for love, and both soon became widowers. The people around were at a loss and envied their friendship and harmony, but chance, misunderstanding and unwillingness to make concessions to each of the heroes destroyed not only their friendship, but also their lives.
Kirila Petrovich owned the best kennel in the area. He was proud of this and was ready to boast to the guest at an opportunity. Dubrovsky, once, being a guest at Troekurov's, noticed that it is unlikely that Troekurov's people live the same way as his dogs. To which one of Troekurov's servants said: "... it would not be bad for another and a nobleman to exchange the estate for any local kennel", pointing to Dubrovsky and his modest wealth. It was here that the quarrel began. Troekurov wished, in response to the friend's defense of his dignity, to show his strength by taking away the Dubrovsky estate. Taking advantage of his many connections, influence, power and dishonest ways, Troyekurov embodied this idea, leaving his only true friend on the street.
The peasants of the village of Kistenyovka, which belonged to Dubrovsky, stubbornly did not want to go into the possession of Troekurov. Pushkin points out that the Kistenev peasants never stood out for their benevolent attitude towards Troyekurov because of his cruel treatment even with his peasants. What can we say about strangers.
For example, he was not a self-serving person, and what he did in a fit of revenge awakened his conscience. Troekurov did not consider the case with his former friend a victorious one, since he knew what state Dubrovsky could be in. These conscientious feelings directed him to the idea of reconciliation. The hero followed her, but it was too late. Hatred, indignation and disappointment already lived in Dubrovsky's heart, which severely hit Dubrovsky's unhealthy state. This caused the death of the only person respected by Troyekurov.
In relations with his daughter, the author describes Troekurov's character no less vividly. Simultaneously with warm feelings for his daughter, Kirila Petrovich is also self-willed, sometimes cruel and stern. Therefore, there is no mutual trust between daughter Masha and father. To replace live communication with her father, Masha comes reading novels. Troyekurov shows indifference, coldness, and insensibility to the tears and pleas of his daughter not to marry her to an unloved old man, a rich man. He is unshakable in his decision. For Troekurov, money is the most important value and goal of life, rather than the happiness of his daughter.
Troekurov - a feudal despot and wayward tyrant - a classic example of the Russian nobility. Pushkin, showing his negative character traits, describes a negative attitude not towards all landowners, but towards cruel, despotic, limited tyrants-power-hungry.
Troyekurov Pushkin opposes another hero of the work - the son of A.G. Dubrovsky - Vladimir. He is a passionate nature, impetuous, carried away, decisive. This is a person who fights against landowners who abuse their power, position and influence.
Despite the fact that the novel takes place in the 1820s, this work is vital, vital and modern.
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Transcript
1 Abstract of a literature lesson in grade 6. Lesson topic: “Romantic love story of Vladimir Dubrovsky and Masha Troyekurova. Plot. Composition. Preparing to compose ". Lesson objectives: to expand students' understanding of the historical era of the 19th century; consider the love story of the heroes; develop ideas about the composition and plot of the work; teach to select material for the essay, to characterize the heroes. Type: combined lesson. Type: formation of new knowledge. Lesson plan. 1. Organizer. moment (1 min.). 2. Checking homework (15 min.). 3. Work on the topic of the lesson (20 min.). 4. Summing up the lesson (2 min.). 5. Home. back. with commentary to it (2 min.). During the classes. 1. Organizer. moment. Writing the topic of the lesson in a notebook. 2. Checking homework Vladimir Dubrovsky's protest against lawlessness and injustice. Riot of the peasants Conversation How did Troekurov take the news of taking possession of the estate? Troekurov was embarrassed: “By nature he was not greedy, the desire for revenge lured him too far, his conscience grumbled. He knew the state of his opponent, an old friend of his youth, and the victory did not please his heart. " What opposite feelings did Troekurov experience? "Satisfied revenge and lust for power drowned out to some extent the noble feelings, but the latter finally triumphed." Why was the reconciliation of former friends impossible? The remorse that Troekurov experienced came too late. Chapter V After the death of his father, Vladimir Dubrovsky felt emotional grief. Pushkin writes that Vladimir's face was scary, that he could neither cry nor pray. The author does not directly name those feelings that the young man experienced, but we can assume that he became bitter, that he felt a sense of wounded pride and a desire to avenge his father's death. Christianity orders to forgive their enemies, but Vladimir Dubrovsky did not want to forgive Troekurov and therefore could not pray. Find and read the episode in which the feelings of Vladimir Dubrovsky are revealed. What technique does the author use to describe the state of the hero? Pushkin conveys Dubrovsky's feelings with the help of a description of the thicket, where he went after the funeral. Vladimir walked along more often, not making out the road, "... the branches touched and scratched him every minute, his feet were constantly stuck in the swamp, he did not notice anything." As Dubrovsky did not understand the road in the thicket, so he could not make out his confused feelings: "... thoughts, each other darker than the other, were embarrassed in his soul ... He strongly felt his loneliness." Find epithets in the passage describing Vladimir in the thicket of the forest. How do they help the reader understand the hero's condition? (From the words: "He finally reached ..." to "He felt his loneliness strongly." Judicial officials, representatives of the law, who came to "put into possession" of Troyekurov, behave defiantly. They allow shameless statements about Dubrovsky, threaten his peasants, because they feel behind their backs the strength and power, backed by Troyekurov's money. The anger and indignation of the peasants is growing gradually, but the peasants are especially indignant when an official insults Dubrovsky himself, the master and the rightful owner of the estate, and inspires the peasants that their master is Troyekurov. First, the officials are answered by a voice from
2 crowds, then a murmur rises in the crowd, it intensifies and turns into the most terrible screams. The crowd starts to move. Find and read the reply "voices from the crowd", the answer to it of the police officer and the objection of the same voice. Why was the police chief so indignant at the words of the peasant? Why does Vladimir Dubrovsky not allow angry peasants to deal with officials? Vladimir Dubrovsky does not allow angry peasants to deal with officials, because he does not want to become a toy in the hands of a crowd of peasants, does not want to become an accomplice in reprisals and hopes for the tsar's justice. Chapter VI Vladimir Dubrovsky came to the decision to burn down the "sad house" after he saw the portrait of his mother in a new way, read her letters to his father, where she talked about her little son, and heard the voices of the clerks who demanded one thing or the other, by their presence and behavior defiling the bright memory of Dubrovsky's father and mother. Let's help schoolchildren see the antithesis in the second paragraph of the chapter: “the world of family happiness” into which Dubrovsky plunged while reading his mother’s letters is contrasted with the reality in which Vladimir Dubrovsky sees the trampled honor of his father and the defiant behavior of clerks. What prompted the peasants to join Dubrovsky? The peasants joined Dubrovsky because they were outraged by the fact that they were not going to be commanded and disposed of by natural nobles (whose right to own land and people they considered unshakable), but clerks, people of ignoble origin. Arkhip the blacksmith says: "... has the business been heard, the clerks have decided to own us, the clerks are driving our masters out of the master's yard ..." The insult inflicted on their master was perceived by the peasants as their own insult. Why does the blacksmith Arkhip kill the clerks, but at the risk of his own life, he saves the cat? The blacksmith Arkhip kills the clerks, but at the risk of his life he saves the cat from the roof of the burning barn. He tells children who laugh at the miserable animal: "You are not afraid of God: God's creation is dying, and you are foolishly rejoicing ..." worthy of salvation: in his understanding, they violated the law established by God and the king. Helping Troyekurov to administer an unrighteous judgment, they violated God's commandments: they helped one person to steal property from another, lied and broke the oath, according to which they were obliged to speak the truth. Let's pay attention to the speech characteristics of Arkhip the blacksmith in his conversation with Yegorovna: “Archipushka, Yegorovna told him, save them, accursed ones, God will reward you. How not, answered the blacksmith. " Where have we already heard these words? Consider the illustration by D. A. Shmarinov "Fire in the estate of Dubrovsky" (p. 96 of the textbook). Compose an oral story based on this picture. The illustration by D. A. Shmarinov "Fire in the Dubrovsky Estate" in the center of the picture depicts a young master Vladimir Andreevich Dubrovsky. He seemed to have just brought a torch to the hay, which flashed brightly; "The flames rose and lit up the whole house." Dubrovsky took off his cap from his head, saying goodbye to his home, and looks at the fire. To his left stands, leaning on his hand, nanny Orina Yegorovna Buzyreva, in a white scarf and an apron, her head down sadly. Behind her we recognize the figures of the serfs Dubrovsky: this is the coachman Anton with black hair and a beard, the fair-haired Grisha, the son of Yegorovna, and behind the figure of Anton is the blacksmith Arkhip, who locked the clerks with a key, but at the risk of his life saved the cat from the roof of the burning shed. On the left we see the fire of the fire. Flames are reaching out to Dubrovsky. Horses are standing in the background, above a group of people, sparks from the fire fly towards the black sky. The whole figure of Dubrovsky expresses pride and a sense of inner dignity. The figures of serfs express a sullen determination to follow their proud master: "... we will die, we will not leave you, we go with you." Conclusion: Vladimir Dubrovsky was forced to become a robber by the death of his father and lack of livelihood, but the main reason is that, knowing the greed and venality of officials, he lost hope in a fair court decision and did not even hope to find protection from the tsar, because this requires there was money, but Dubrovsky did not have it. 3. Work on the topic of the lesson. Preparation for writing.
3 1. The plot. Composition. Novel. * The plot is the sequence and connection of events in a work of art. (p. 156). - Why does the author violate the temporal sequence of events, that is, the sequence of the presentation of the plot? Pushkin disrupts the temporal sequence of events in order to create mystery, intrigue, and arouse the intense interest of readers. We read the article of the textbook "Composition" (p. 155). Write out the definition of the composition. * Composition is the construction of a work of art, the location and interconnection of all its parts, images, episodes. Let us tell the students that in the next lesson they will finish studying the first novel that is included in the school curriculum. Let's read the definition of the novel (p. 156) in the textbook and write it out in our notebook. * The novel is a large narrative work, characterized by a variety of characters and a branching plot. Indeed, the novel "Dubrovsky" depicts rich and poor noblemen, judicial officials, the police chief and station superintendent, courtyard peasants, a blacksmith, coachman, nanny and others. The novel shows two generations of the life of noble families (Troekurovs, Dubrovskys) and peasant families (Orina Buzyreva and Grishka), describes various significant events in a person's life: wedding, death; there is a love story and a detective intrigue. The novel raises an important problem: how can a person live in a world where injustice and lawlessness reign? Troekurov lived in the era of serfdom and by his birth belonged to the noble landlords who owned hundreds of serfs. The awareness of his power over the people around him, impunity, servility, flattery of others, the habit of considering himself superior to other people and not reckoning with anyone but himself, idleness, the ability to fulfill all his whims and whims made him an egoist and tyrant. 2. The romantic love story of Vladimir and Masha. Why did Dubrovsky look for opportunities to settle in Troekurov's house and abandon plans for revenge? Remember how Masha first treated Deforge. Why? What event caused her to change her attitude towards the teacher? How did she feel when she received the note from Desforges? How did Masha think about her dating behavior? Did she manage to behave the way she wanted? Find the words of Dubrovsky explaining the refusal to take revenge. “I understood that the house where you dwell is sacred, that not a single creature tied to you by the bond of blood is subject to my curse. I gave up revenge like madness. " What promise did Marya Kirilovna make to Dubrovsky? Sixth graders may not immediately understand what a promise not to reject loyalty means. Let us tell them that in medieval Europe there was a tradition to chivalrously serve their lady, not demanding anything from her, except that the lady should accept the devotion of her knight. Dubrovsky understands that Marya Kirilovna cannot become his wife. He only wants to serve her and asks that she does not reject his help. We now call this kind of love romantic. Why was Dubrovsky forced to flee Pokrovsky? How did Troekurov part with his guests? We will ask the students to remember how Troekurov ordered the gates to be locked so that the guests could not go home on the day of the temple holiday in Pokrovskoye. Let us compare this act with how Troekurov at eleven o'clock, being out of sorts, dispersed the guests to their homes. Let us draw a conclusion about the despotism and tyranny of Troyekurov. Approximate outline of the essay. 1. Introduction. Time reflected in the novel. 2. Troekurov and A. Dubrovsky. 3. The problem of protecting human dignity 4. Who is to blame for the fact that Dubrovsky became a robber? 4. Summing up the lesson. 5. Home. back. with comments to it. D.Z .: with (retelling), prepare for the composition.
4 Summary of a literature lesson in grade 6. Topic: "R. p. Cool essay "Protection of the human personality in the novel" Dubrovsky ". Goals:. Lesson plan. 1. Organizer. moment (1 min.). 2. Writing an essay in a draft (20 min.). 3. Writing an essay in white paper (15 min.). 4. Summing up the lesson (2 min.). 5. Home. back. with commentary to it (2 min.). During the classes. 1. Organizer. moment. Writing in the notebook the title of the essay and the plan. 2. Writing an essay in a draft. The teacher advises students individually. 3. Writing an essay in white paper. Students independently rewrite the essay in a notebook. 4. Summing up the lesson. The teacher collects notebooks on literature. 5. Home. back. with comments to it. D.Z .: prepare for the final testing of A.S. Pushkin.
5 Protection of the human personality in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky" At all times there were people who resigned themselves to the force and inevitability of circumstances and were ready to accept fate as it is with their heads down. But at all times there have been people who are ready to fight for their happiness, people who do not want to endure injustice, people who have nothing to lose. We can meet such people on the pages of the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Dubrovsky". This piece is deep and interesting. It impressed me with its idea, plot twists, sad ending, heroes. Kirilla Petrovich Troekurov, Vladimir Dubrovsky, Masha Troekurova are all strong and outstanding personalities. But the difference between them is that Troekurov was by nature a good person, he was connected by good comradely relations with the poor landowner Dubrovsky, he was characterized by human impulses, but at the same time he was a despot and tyrant. Troekurov is a typical serf-owner, in whom a sense of his own superiority and permissiveness, depravity and ignorance is fully developed. Whereas Dubrovsky and Masha are noble, sincere, pure and honest natures. The main problem of the novel is the problem of protecting human dignity. But, one way or another, she is associated with all the characters in the work. First of all, this problem concerns the Dubrovsky family, which Troekurov deprived not only of the family estate, but also encroached on their noble honor and dignity. Andrei Gavrilovich was confident that he was right, cared little about the court case that Troekurov had started against him, and therefore could not defend his rights. Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky could not stand the unequal battle with a stronger rival and died. Then Dubrovsky Jr. had to defend his own honor. By chance, he became the head of the peasant movement in order to "administer his own judgment." But from the very beginning he did not agree with the methods of struggle against the landowners. His pure and sincere nature did not allow him to become a real thug, cruel and merciless. He was just and merciful, so Vladimir did not lead the peasants for long. The peasant revolt was spontaneous, their actions were often contradictory, so they submitted to Dubrovsky's order, stopped the armed uprising and dispersed. “Terrible visits, fires and robberies have stopped. The roads are now clear. " But why does Vladimir not touch the property of his abuser, the richest landowner in the Troekurov district? As it turned out, Dubrovsky fell in love with Kirill Petrovich's daughter, Masha, and forgave his blood enemy for her sake. Masha also fell in love with Vladimir. But these heroes could not be together. Kirill Petrovich forcibly gave his daughter in marriage to the old Count Vereisky. Vladimir did not manage to save his beloved from marriage with an unloved person. With such a plot twist, a sad ending, it seems to me, A.S. Pushkin shows that a person in Russia is defenseless against evil and injustice. Neither law nor society can protect him. He can only count on his own strength. Therefore, I understand Vladimir Dubrovsky, who became a robber. What else could he do? Not finding protection from the law, he also decided to live by the unwritten rules of the rules of strength and cruelty. But his noble, pure and sincere nature still limited the hero in this, made him a “noble robber”.
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Chapter IWhat gave Troekurov "a lot of weight in the provinces"?
"Wealth, noble family and connections" gave Troyekurov "a lot of weight in the provinces."
How do you understand the expression of great weight in the provinces?
How can you explain Troyekurov's rudeness and willfulness? (2nd question of the tutorial).
“The neighbors were happy to please his slightest whim; provincial officials trembled at his name; Kirila Petrovich accepted the signs of servility as a proper tribute ... ”Troekurov's rudeness and willfulness can be explained by great wealth and unlimited power over people. We can say that he treated his guests in the same way as his serfs. He believed that he could buy everything, and humiliated the dignity of people.
We ask the children to find the answers to the 3rd question of the textbook directly in the text:
What kind of person was Kirila Petrovich in the home? What did his usual "occupations" consist of?
“At home, Kirila Petrovich showed all the vices of an uneducated person. Spoiled by everything that only surrounded him, he used to give full vent to all the impulses of his ardent disposition and all the ventures of a rather limited mind. " Troekurov drank every evening and twice a week suffered from gluttony. "Troekurov's usual occupations consisted of traveling around his extensive estates, in prolonged feasts and pranks, invented every day ..."
Questions 4, 5, 6 of the textbook help us to characterize two neighbors, landlords, to identify their similarities and differences.
Troekurov, "haughty in dealing with people of the highest rank," respected Dubrovsky, because "he knew from experience the impatience and decisiveness of his character." Dubrovsky, the only one of the people around him, behaved proudly, was independent and refused the patronage of his former colleague.
Troekurov and Dubrovsky "partly resembled both in characters and inclinations." This similarity was manifested in pride, but Troekurov maintained this feeling in himself with an awareness of wealth and power, and Dubrovsky - with an awareness of the antiquity of his family and noble honor. Both landowners had a hot, irascible disposition. Both loved hound hunting and kept dogs.
The incident at the kennel characterizes Dubrovsky as a proud man who does not want to turn into a jester and has a sense of his own dignity. Dubrovsky assessed the hunter's remark as an insult to the honor of the nobility by the servant.
What do you think, if Troekurov were visiting a richer and noble person who would offend his dignity, how would Troekurov act in that case?
Pick up a quote that corresponds to the drawing by B. M. Kustodiev (p. 68 of the textbook).
What method of revenge did Troekurov choose?
What was the main law of Kirila Petrovich?
It is important that the students, answering this question, find the most expressive phrase that characterizes Troyekurov: “This is the strength to take away the property without any right”.
How did Shabashkin act on behalf of Troekurov?
Let's conclude that for the assessor, the judge's assistant, who was the representative of the law, money became the main law of life.
Chapter II
The officials of the district court greeted Dubrovsky and Troekurov differently. Nobody paid attention to Dubrovsky. When Kirila Petrovich arrived, the scribes “got up and put their feathers behind their ear. The members greeted him with an expression of profound servility, moved him a chair out of respect for his rank, age and stoutness. "
The picture of the court evokes a feeling of annoyance, pity for Dubrovsky, indignation against Troyekurov's triumph and protest against the servility and servility of the judges. Pushkin emphasizes the unnaturalness of this trial with such details: the assessor turns to Troyekurov with a low bow, and Dubrovsky is simply presented with paper; Troekurov sits in an armchair while Dubrovsky is leaning against the wall.
"Dubrovsky's sudden madness strongly influenced" Troyekurov's imagination and "poisoned his triumph," because he failed to see how Dubrovsky humiliated himself. He went mad, but his pride and honor were not broken.
I. Father and son
Commented reading
Vladimir Dubrovsky led a life in St. Petersburg, in his opinion, a decent life for a Guards officer. His father sent him money, leaving almost nothing for himself, and Dubrovsky, a wasteful and ambitious young man, "indulged in luxurious whims, played cards and went into debt, not caring about the future." He hoped for his father and that he could find himself a rich bride.
Dubrovsky received the news of his father's illness "with extraordinary excitement." He was horrified by the position of his father, and he "reproached himself with criminal negligence." The character of Dubrovsky showed love for his family and a willingness to come to the aid of his father.
The dialogue between Vladimir Dubrovsky and the coachman Anton can be read by roles.
The courtyards and peasants did not like and were afraid of Troyekurov. Kucher Anton told Dubrovsky that at Troyekurov “it’s bad for his own people, but strangers will get it, so he will not only take the skin off them, but also the meat”.
Dubrovsky is a person who has a sense of his own dignity, and such a person will not humiliate the dignity of another. Dubrovsky was fair to his serfs, and they did not want another master.
Reading the description of Pokrovsky and Kistenevka, we ask:
How did Dubrovsky, the eldest, meet his son?
Prepare a retelling of the episode "The Fire in the Dubrovsky Estate".
Individual assignment
Prepare an expressive reading of chapter VIII.
Vladimir Dubrovsky's protest against lawlessness and injustice. Peasant revolt
I. Vladimir Dubrovsky's protest against lawlessness and injustice. Peasant revolt
We are talking about the questions of the textbook for the chapters that were asked to read at home (p. 146-147, part 1).
If chapter III has been read and commented on in the previous lesson, we begin the conversation on the issues with chapter IV. It is important that students master the work with the text, learn to confirm their thoughts with quotations.
How did Troekurov react to the news of taking possession of the estate?
Troekurov was embarrassed: “By nature he was not greedy, the desire for revenge lured him too far, his conscience grumbled. He knew the state of his opponent, an old friend of his youth, and the victory did not please his heart. "
What opposite feelings did Troekurov experience? "Satisfied revenge and lust for power drowned out to some extent the noble feelings, but the latter finally triumphed."
Why was the reconciliation of former friends impossible?
The remorse that Troekurov experienced came too late.
Chapter V
After the death of his father, Vladimir Dubrovsky felt emotional grief. Pushkin writes that Vladimir's face was scary, that he could neither cry nor pray. The author does not directly name those feelings that the young man experienced, but we can assume that he became bitter, that he felt a sense of wounded pride and a desire to avenge his father's death. Christianity orders to forgive their enemies, but Vladimir Dubrovsky did not want to forgive Troekurov and therefore could not pray.
Find and read the episode in which the feelings of Vladimir Dubrovsky are revealed. What technique does the author use to describe the state of the hero?
Pushkin conveys Dubrovsky's feelings with the help of a description of the thicket, where he went after the funeral. Vladimir walked along more often, not making out the road, "... the branches touched and scratched him every minute, his feet were constantly stuck in the swamp, he did not notice anything."
As Dubrovsky did not understand the road in the thicket, so he could not make out his confused feelings: "... thoughts, each other darker than the other, were embarrassed in his soul ... He strongly felt his loneliness."
Find epithets in the passage describing Vladimir in the thicket of the forest. How do they help the reader understand the hero's condition? (From the words: "Finally he reached ..." to "He strongly felt his loneliness.")
How do the judicial officials who have come to "put into possession" of Troyekurov behave? (2nd question of the tutorial.)
Judicial officials, representatives of the law, who came to "put into possession" of Troyekurov, behave defiantly. They allow shameless statements about Dubrovsky, threaten his peasants, because they feel behind their backs the strength and power, backed by Troyekurov's money.
The anger and indignation of the peasants is growing gradually, but the peasants are especially indignant when an official insults Dubrovsky himself, the master and the rightful owner of the estate, and inspires the peasants that their master is Troyekurov. First, a voice from the crowd answers the officials, then a murmur arises in the crowd, it intensifies and turns into terrible screams. The crowd starts to move.
Why does Vladimir Dubrovsky not allow angry peasants to deal with officials? (4th question of the tutorial.)
Vladimir Dubrovsky does not allow angry peasants to deal with officials, because he does not want to become a toy in the hands of a crowd of peasants, does not want to become an accomplice in reprisals and hopes for the tsar's justice.
Chapter VI
Vladimir Dubrovsky came to the decision to burn down the "sad house" after he saw the portrait of his mother in a new way, read her letters to his father, where she talked about her little son, and heard the voices of clerks who demanded one or the other, by their presence and desecrating the bright memory of Dubrovsky's father and mother by his behavior. Let's help schoolchildren see the antithesis in the second paragraph of the chapter: “the world of family happiness” into which Dubrovsky plunged while reading his mother’s letters is contrasted with the reality in which Vladimir Dubrovsky sees the trampled honor of his father and the defiant behavior of clerks.
What prompted the peasants to join Dubrovsky? (2nd question of the tutorial.)
The peasants joined Dubrovsky because they were outraged by the fact that they were not going to be commanded and disposed of by natural nobles (whose right to own land and people they considered unshakable), but clerks, people of ignoble origin. Arkhip the blacksmith says: "... has the business been heard, the clerks have decided to own us, the clerks are driving our masters out of the master's yard ..." The insult inflicted on their master was perceived by the peasants as their own insult.
Why does the blacksmith Arkhip kill the clerks, but at the risk of his own life, he saves the cat? (3rd question of the tutorial.)
Question 3 is difficult enough for sixth graders. The blacksmith Arkhip kills the clerks, but at the risk of his life he saves the cat from the roof of the burning barn. He says to children who laugh at the miserable animal: "You are not afraid of God: God's creation is dying, and you are foolishly rejoicing ..." worthy of salvation: in his understanding, they violated the law established by God and the king. Helping Troyekurov to administer an unrighteous judgment, they violated God's commandments: they helped one person to steal property from another, lied and broke the oath, according to which they were obliged to speak the truth.
Let's pay attention to the speech characteristics of Arkhip the blacksmith in his conversation with Egorovna:
“Archipushka,” Yegorovna told him, “save them, the accursed, God will reward you.
How not so, - answered the blacksmith. "
Where have we already heard these words?
Let us conclude that in the scene with the clerks (chapter V), the “voice from the crowd” belonged to a blacksmith.
Consider the illustration by D. A. Shmarinov "Fire in the estate of Dubrovsky" (p. 93 of the textbook).
Compose an oral story based on this picture.
The illustration by D. A. Shmarinov "Fire in the Dubrovsky Estate" in the center of the picture depicts a young master Vladimir Andreevich Dubrovsky. He seemed to have just brought a torch to the hay, which flashed brightly; "The flames soared and lit up the whole house." Dubrovsky took off his cap from his head, saying goodbye to his home, and looks at the fire. To his left stands, leaning on his hand, nanny Orina Yegorovna Buzyreva, in a white scarf and an apron, her head down sadly. Behind her we recognize the figures of the serfs Dubrovsky: this is the coachman Anton with black hair and a beard, the fair-haired Grisha, the son of Yegorovna, and behind the figure of Anton is the blacksmith Arkhip, who locked the clerks with a key, but at the risk of his life saved the cat from the roof of a burning shed ...
On the left we see the fire of the fire. Flames are reaching out to Dubrovsky. Horses are standing in the background, above a group of people, sparks from the fire fly towards the black sky.
The whole figure of Dubrovsky expresses pride and a sense of inner dignity. The figures of serfs express a sullen determination to follow their proud master: "... we will die, we will not leave you, we go with you."
II. Commented reading
Chapter vii
Students read chapter VII.
Commenting on the chapter, let's say that Vladimir Dubrovsky was forced to become a robber by the death of his father and lack of livelihood, but the main reason is that, knowing the greed and venality of officials, he lost hope in a fair court decision and did not even hope to find protection from the tsar, therefore that for this they needed money, but Dubrovsky did not have it.
Chapter viii
A student performing an individual assignment reads expressively chapter VIII or the episode "Deforge in the Bear's Room" (from the words: "In Kirila Petrovich's yard ...").
What qualities did Deforge show in the bear's room?
What fact made an indelible impression on Marya Kirilovna? How has Marya Kirilovna's attitude towards Deforge changed?
Homework
Prepare an expressive reading of chapters IX-XI. Answer the questions of the textbook for the corresponding chapters (pp. 147-148).
Neighborhood nobility visiting Troekurov. Despotism of the owner, disrespect for the human person. Cowardice, servility, greed of Anton Pafnutich Spitsyn. Composition
I. Neighborhood nobility visiting Troekurov. Despotism of the owner, disrespect for the human person
Chapter IX
We begin the lesson with an expressive reading of Chapter IX. Then we talk about:
How does Spitsyn explain his lateness?
What act does Spitsyn consider to be an act "according to conscience and justice"? What really drove Anton Pafnutich?
How does the host behave during lunch? Pay attention to his dialogue with the police chief.
What qualities does Troekurov show during lunch?
Let's help schoolchildren answer that Troekurov treats his guests rudely and despotically, mocks them, humiliates their human dignity (“We know you; where do you spend money, you live at home a pig, a pig ...”).
“The police chief got cold feet, bowed, smiled, stuttered and said at last:
We will try, your excellency "?
Compare the stories of Spitsyn and Globova. What characteristics does each of them give to Dubrovsky?
Anton Pafnutich Spitsyn in his story says about Dubrovsky: "He is not a small mistake, he will not let anyone down, but he will probably pull off two skins from me."
Anna Savishna Globova does not give a direct characterization of Dubrovsky, but retells the words of the visiting general: “... Dubrovsky attacks not everyone, but famous rich people, but even here he shares with them, and does not rob clean, and no one accuses him of murders. .. "Globova says:" I guessed who his excellency was, there was nothing for me to interpret with him. " But in the words of the landowner, there is some sympathy and respect for the person who exposed the clerk's tricks and thus returned her money.
The author introduces the stories of Spitsyn and Globova into the narrative in order to show the idea that the surrounding landowners have about Dubrovsky, to express the conflicting feelings of people towards the unwilling robber, to more fully present the appearance of the main character to the readers. The author uses the antithesis to show Anton Pafnutich's cowardice and Anna Savishna's dignified behavior.
What did Troekurov say when the police chief read Dubrovsky's signs? Why did Troekurov come to this conclusion?
What qualities did Dubrovsky show during a festive dinner at Pokrovsky? Why did none of the guests guess that Deforge is Dubrovsky?
None of Troekurov's guests guessed that Deforge was Dubrovsky, because no one could even expect that Troekurov's enemy would end up at his home in the role of a French teacher. Dubrovsky did not betray himself in any way. He did not react to stories about himself and spoke only with Sasha and only in French. Nobody even suspected that he knew Russian.
II. Cowardice, servility, greed of Anton Pafnutich Spitsyn
Chapter X
What did Troekurov do when some of the guests wanted to go home?
How did the character of the evening change after Troekurov left?
Why did Spitsyn decide to spend the night with Deforge? Pupils read chapter X expressively (from the words "I came to the wing ..." to the end).
What qualities of his character does Anton Pafnutich show?
III. Composition
Chapter XI
How did Dubrovsky become Desforges?
We will invite students to briefly answer this question.
Dubrovsky at the post station met a Frenchman who was on his way to Troekurov to serve as a teacher for little Sasha. Dubrovsky offered the Frenchman money so that he gave him all the documents and immediately left for France. The Frenchman agreed. So Dubrovsky became Desforge.
During his stay at Troyekurov's estate, Dubrovsky showed restraint, composure, acting qualities, nobility and the ability to control himself.
Why did A.S. Pushkin violate the sequence of presentation?
Pushkin interrupted the sequence of events to make the reader feel like a guest at a dinner, who listens to talk about Dubrovsky and does not know that he is sitting next to him; so that the reader will experience the same surprise as Anton Pafnutich, who is being robbed of his precious bag. Pushkin wanted to create a secret, an intrigue, and he succeeded.
Homework
Draw up (in writing) a plan of the main events of chapters VIII-XI. Read chapter XII.
Composition. Plot. Romantic love story of Vladimir and Masha
I. Composition. Plot
Ask the student to write on the chalkboard a plan of events drawn up at home for Chapters VIII-XI.
Plan of the main events of chapters VIII-XI
1) The French teacher arrived at Pokrovskoe.
2) A conversation between Kirila Petrovich and a Frenchman.
3) "Noble amusements of the Russian master."
4) Deforge kills the bear.
5) "... The guests began to arrive."
6) Festive lunch at Pokrovskoye.
7) Stories by Spitsyn and Globova.
8) Signs of Dubrovsky.
9) End of the holiday.
10) Anton Pafnutich goes to bed in Dubrovsky's room.
11) Deforzh-Dubrovsky is robbing Spitsyn.
12) The French teacher is waiting for the horses in the caretaker's house.
13) Dubrovsky buys documents from a Frenchman.
14) Dubrovsky with the papers of the Frenchman comes to Troekurov and becomes Sasha's teacher.
15) Morning departure of the robbed Spitsyn.
Working collectively, to the right of the notes with numbers (colored pencil or green pen), we indicate the true course of events.
We have restored the plot of the work.
* Plot - the sequence and connection of events in a work of art.
Pushkin disrupts the temporal sequence of events in order to create mystery, intrigue, and arouse the intense interest of readers.
We read the article of the textbook "Composition" (p. 149-150). Write out the definition of the composition.
* Composition is the construction of a work of art, the location and interconnection of all its parts, images, episodes.
II. Romantic love story of Vladimir and Masha
Why did Dubrovsky look for opportunities to settle in Troekurov's house and abandon plans for revenge?
Remember how Masha first treated Deforge. Why?
What event caused her to change her attitude towards the teacher?
How did she feel when she received the note from Desforges?
How did Masha think about her dating behavior? Did she manage to behave the way she wanted?
Find the words of Dubrovsky explaining the refusal to take revenge.