The problem of courage and heroism in peacetime. Essay-reasoning on the theme of heroism - the problem of heroism in literary works Heroism of a Russian woman in war arguments
Self-sacrifice during the war years has been described by many world writers, praised by great composers and captured by talented artists. The topic of heroism never ceases to be interesting.
Arguments in the direction of "Heroism and Self-Sacrifice"
Abstracts
- Self-sacrifice is not always life-threatening.
- Love for the Motherland prompts a person to commit heroic deeds
- A person is ready to sacrifice himself for the one he really loves
- To save a child, sometimes it is not a pity to sacrifice the most valuable that a person has - his own life.
- Only a moral person is capable of performing a heroic deed
- The willingness to sacrifice does not depend on the level of income and social status
- Heroism is expressed not only in actions, but also in the ability to be true to your word even in the most difficult life situations
- People are ready for self-sacrifice even in the name of saving a stranger.
Arguments
L.N. Tolstoy”. Sometimes we do not suspect that this or that person can commit a heroic act. This is confirmed by an example from this work: Pierre Bezukhov, being a rich man, decides to stay in Moscow besieged by the enemy, although he has every opportunity to leave. He is a real person who does not put his financial position first. Not sparing himself, the hero saves a little girl from the fire, performing a heroic act. You can also refer to the image of Captain Tushin. At first, he does not make a good impression on us: Tushin appears before the command without boots. But the battle proves that this man can be called a real hero: a battery under the command of Captain Tushin selflessly repels enemy attacks, having no cover, sparing no effort. And it doesn't matter what impression these people make on us when we first meet them.
I.A. Bunin "Lapti". In an impenetrable blizzard, Nefed went to Novoselki, located six miles from home. To do this he was prompted by the request of a sick child to bring red sandals. The hero decided that "it is necessary to extract" because "the soul desires." He wanted to buy sandals and dye them with magenta. By nightfall, Nefed did not return, and in the morning the men brought his dead body. In his bosom they found a vial of fuchsin and new bast shoes. Nefed was ready for self-sacrifice: knowing that he was putting himself in danger, he decided to act for the good of the child.
A.S. Pushkin "". Love for Marya Mironova, the captain's daughter, more than once prompted Pyotr Grinev to endanger his life. He went to the Belogorsk fortress captured by Pugachev in order to snatch the girl from Shvabrin's hands. Pyotr Grinev understood what he was going for: at any moment Pugachev's people could catch him, he could be killed by enemies. But nothing stopped the hero, he was ready to save Marya Ivanovna even at the cost of his own life. The readiness for self-sacrifice also manifested itself when Grinev was under investigation. He did not begin to talk about Marya Mironova, the love for which led him to Pugachev. The hero did not want to make the girl involved in the investigation, although this would allow him to justify himself. Peter Grinev showed by his actions that he was ready to endure anything for the happiness of a person dear to him.
F.M. Dostoevsky "". The fact that Sonya Marmeladova went on the “yellow ticket” is also a kind of self-sacrifice. The girl decided on this herself, deliberately, in order to feed her family: a drunken father, a stepmother and her little children. No matter how dirty her job is, Sonya Marmeladova is worthy of respect. Throughout the entire work, she proved her spiritual beauty.
N.V. Gogol "”. If Andriy, the youngest son of Taras Bulba, turned out to be a traitor, then Ostap, the eldest son, showed himself as a strong personality, a real warrior. He did not betray his father and homeland, he fought to the last. Ostap was executed in front of his father. But no matter how hard, painful and scary it was for him, during the execution he did not make a sound. Ostap is a real hero who gave his life for his homeland.
V. Rasputin “”. Lydia Mikhailovna, an ordinary teacher of the French language, turned out to be capable of self-sacrifice. When her student, the hero of the work, came to school beaten, and Tishkin said that he was playing for money, Lydia Mikhailovna was in no hurry to tell the director about it. She found out that the boy was playing because he did not have enough money for food. Lydia Mikhailovna began to study French with a student, which he was not given, at home, and then offered to play with her for money. The teacher knew that this should not be done, but the desire to help the child was more important to her. When the director found out about everything, Lydia Mikhailovna was fired. Her seemingly wrong act turned out to be noble. The teacher sacrificed her reputation to help the boy.
N. D. Teleshov "Home". Semka, so eager to return to his native land, met an unfamiliar grandfather on the way. They walked together. On the way, the boy fell ill. An unknown person took him to the city, although he knew that he was not allowed to appear there: his grandfather had already escaped from hard labor for the third time. Grandpa was caught in the city. He understood the danger, but the child's life was more important to him. Grandfather sacrificed his quiet life for the sake of a future stranger.
A. Platonov “Sandy teacher”. From the village of Khoshutovo, located in the desert, Maria Naryshkina helped make a real green oasis. She gave herself up to work. But the nomads passed - not a trace remained of the green spaces. Maria Nikiforovna left for the district with a report, where she was offered to transfer to work in Safutu in order to teach the culture of the sands to the nomads who were migrating to a settled way. She agreed, which showed her readiness for self-sacrifice. Maria Naryshkina decided to devote herself to a good cause, not thinking about her family or the future, but helping people in the difficult struggle with the sands.
M.A. Bulgakov "". For the sake of the Master, Margarita was ready for anything. She decided to make a deal with the devil, she was the queen at the ball at Satan's. And all in order to see the Master. True love forced the heroine to sacrifice herself, to go through all the tests prepared for her by fate.
A.T. Tvardovsky "”. The main character of the work is a simple Russian guy who honestly and selflessly fulfills his soldier's duty. His crossing the river was a real heroic deed. Vasily Terkin was not frightened by the cold: he knew that it was necessary to convey the lieutenant's request. What the hero has done seems impossible, incredible. This is the feat of a simple Russian soldier.
The problem of self-sacrifice during the war years - essay
Option 1
War. How much pain, fear and despair is behind this word? But this is only one side of the coin. Heroism, patriotism and self-sacrifice are what makes people live on and not give up.
Let's turn to the text. The author reveals the problem of readiness for self-sacrifice during the war years. It is thanks to the heroes of this text that we learn what drives people who are ready to sacrifice their own lives. Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin writes a story about two scouts who need to blow up a battery, since the Soviet army suffers "considerable losses" from it. But the price of a selfless act is great - the lives of the main characters.
Kornev and Tumik agree immediately. This is a deliberate decision that was born out of love for the Fatherland. In the last hours, Tumik recalls his childhood and home. “It was not for nothing that I lived on earth” - in this way he defines the purpose of his existence. The reason for the second selfless act is love for a friend. Tumik is ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of Kornev, who "had a wife and a little son."
It is impossible not to appreciate such a feat. Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin admires the dedication of the protagonists. The author believes that people who are ready for self-sacrifice are driven by the desire to protect their loved ones and the Fatherland. The position of Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin is close and understandable to me: a loving person is capable of great deeds. A sense of duty to the Fatherland and respect for people are the main motives for self-sacrifice during the war.
Of course, selfless deeds are worthy of respect and eternal memory. I would like to give an example of people's self-sacrifice for the sake of the Fatherland from literature.
During the war, not only men were famous for their exploits. The fair sex also selflessly took the path of defending the Motherland. The work of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" is known for its brave heroines. Five girls responded to the duty of defending the Fatherland. Their dedication made a great contribution to the victory over their enemies.
So, self-sacrifice for the sake of loved ones and the Motherland is an act that requires incredible willpower. Not everyone will be able to say goodbye to life, so it is important to remember the exploits of our compatriots and honor their blessed memory.
Option 2
Russian Soviet writer Vladimir Maksimovich Bogomolov in his text discusses the problem of self-sacrifice, heroism during the war years.
The text tells about a story that happened during the Great Patriotic War: it was necessary to deliver ammunition. The people on the assignment understood. that they could die at any moment under German shells. Despite this, everyone continued to carry out the task. And when the barge caught fire from the mine, the soldiers and Irina bravely began to extinguish it.
V.M.Bogomolov believes that during the war people commit heroic deeds, because they are driven by feelings of patriotism, love for the Motherland.
Discussing this problem, I recall Vasiliev's work “The Dawns Here Are Quiet”, in which the heroes show heroism and courage. They understood that in no case should they retreat, they had to hold on to the last.
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya is the most famous partisan who, after being captured by the Germans. despite all the terrible torture, she did not even tell the enemy her name. Nikolai Gastello is a pilot who sent a burning plane to the enemy, sacrificing his own life.
It is very difficult to talk about what the people who went through the war had to endure. I believe that every person who is truly proud of his homeland, country, should strive to ensure that the country is proud of him.
“Enemy bombers hung over the Volga day and night. They chased not only tugboats, self-propelled guns, but also fishing boats, small rafts - they sometimes ferried the wounded. But the river workers of the city and the military sailors of the Volga flotilla, in spite of everything, delivered the goods. "
Option 3
What is self-sacrifice? Is it necessary to sacrifice yourself for the sake of others? It is on these questions that B. Vasiliev ponders in his text. In it, the writer raises the important issue of self-sacrifice. The author, discussing this topic, gives a life example from the life of Dr. Jansen, who saved children at the cost of his life, showing courage and heroism. The publicist is delighted with the deed of the protagonist, who knows how to “live not for himself, think not about himself,” but about the people around him.
Due to this quality, he was nicknamed "the saint of the city of Smolensk." Rescuing teenagers, Dr. Jansen suffocated in the well, which shows the readers the huge inner world of a person who was not afraid to die for the lives of others. The writer draws our attention to the fact that "all of Smolensk ... buried their Doctor", thereby showing the attitude of people towards a person who knows how to sacrifice himself. The author's position can be formulated as follows: a brave and brave person who is ready to sacrifice himself is capable of self-sacrifice. One cannot but agree with the point of view of B. Vasiliev.
Indeed, a person capable of dying in the name of saving others is worthy of respect and admiration. A striking proof of sacrifice is the image of the hero of M. Gorky's story "". The main character led his people through the forest to defeat the darkness, but on the way, many people began to lose heart, and some even died. The hero, out of love for the people, tore his heart out of his chest, illuminating their path. Danko's feat is a true manifestation of mercy and humanism.
Confirmation of this problem can be found in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment". Sonya Marmeladova, a young girl from a dysfunctional family, was forced to sacrifice herself for the sake of saving loved ones. She earned bread with her own body, but at the same time remained responsive and morally clean.
Thus, the problem raised by the prose writer makes each of us think about the price of self-sacrifice of people, about their fortitude and courage, which push them to conscious death for the sake of saving other people.
Self-sacrifice for the sake of saving the Fatherland
When war breaks into the peaceful life of people, it always brings grief and misfortune to families, disrupts the usual order of things. The Russian people have experienced the hardships of many wars, but they never bowed their heads to the enemy and bravely endured all the hardships. The Great Patriotic War, which dragged on for five long years, became a real disaster for many peoples and countries, and especially for Russia. The Nazis violated human laws, therefore they themselves were outside of any laws.
Young men, men, and even old people rose to defend the Fatherland. The war gave them the opportunity to show all their best human qualities, to show strength, courage and courage. It just so happened historically that war is a man's business, which requires courage, fortitude, self-sacrifice and even sometimes callousness of heart from a warrior. But if a person is indifferent to the misfortunes of others, then he cannot perform a heroic deed; his selfish nature will not allow him to do this. Therefore, many writers who touched upon the theme of war, the feat of man in war, have always paid much attention to the problem of humanity and humanity. War cannot harden an honest, noble person; it only reveals the best qualities of his soul.
Among the works written about the war, the books of Boris Vasiliev are especially close to me. All his heroes are warm-hearted people, sympathetic, with a gentle soul. Some of them behave heroically on the battlefield, fighting bravely for their homeland, others are heroes at heart, their patriotism is not striking to anyone.
Vasiliev's novel "Not included in the lists" is dedicated to the young lieutenant Nikolai Pluzhnikov, who heroically fought in the Brest Fortress. The young lone fighter personifies a symbol of courage and fortitude, a symbol of the spirit of the Russian people.
At the beginning of the novel, Pluzhnikov is an inexperienced graduate of a military school. War dramatically changes the life of a young man. Nikolai falls into the very inferno - to the Brest Fortress, the first Russian line on the path of the fascist hordes. The defense of the fortress is a titanic battle with the enemy, in which thousands of people die, because the forces are not equal. And in this bloody human mess, among the ruins and corpses, a youthful feeling of love between the young lieutenant Pluzhnikov and the crippled girl Mirra arises. It is born like a spark of hope for a brighter future. If there were no war, perhaps they would not have met. Most likely, Pluzhnikov would have risen to a high rank, and Mirra would have led the modest life of an invalid. But the war brought them together, forced them to gather strength to fight the enemy. In this struggle, each of them accomplishes a feat.
When Nikolai goes to reconnaissance, he goes to remind that the defender is alive, that the fortress has not surrendered, has not submitted to the enemy, he does not think about himself, he is worried about the fate of Mirra and those fighters who are fighting next to him. There is a fierce, deadly battle with the Nazis, but Nikolai's heart has not hardened, he has not hardened. He carefully takes care of Mirra, realizing that without his help the girl will not survive. But Mirra does not want to be a burden for the brave soldier, so she decides to come out of hiding. The girl knows that these are the last hours in her life, but she is driven by only one feeling: the feeling of love. She does not think about herself, she is concerned about the fate of Nikolai. Mirra does not want him to see her suffering and blame himself for it. This is not just an act - it is a heroine's feat of the novel, a moral feat, a feat-self-sacrifice. "A military hurricane of unprecedented strength" closes the heroic struggle of the young lieutenant. Nicholas bravely meets his death, even the enemies appreciated the bravery of this Russian soldier, who "was not on the list."
The war did not pass by the side of Russian women, the Nazis forced to fight both mothers, present and future, in which the very nature of the inherent hatred of murder. Women in the rear are working steadfastly, providing the front with clothing and food, caring for sick soldiers. And in battle, women were not inferior to experienced fighters in strength and courage.
Vasiliev's story "..." is dedicated to the heroic struggle of women and girls in the war. Five completely different girlish characters, five different destinies. The female anti-aircraft gunners are sent for reconnaissance under the command of Sergeant Major Vaskov, who has "twenty words in stock, and even those from the regulations." Despite the horrors of war, this "mossy stump" retained the best human qualities. He did everything to save the lives of the girls, but his soul still cannot calm down.
He realizes his guilt before them for the fact that "the men married them with death." The death of five girls leaves a deep wound in the soul of the foreman, he cannot find an excuse for it even in his soul. The grief of this common man contains the highest humanism. He accomplished a feat by capturing German intelligence officers, he can be proud of his actions. Trying to capture the enemy, the foreman does not forget about the girls, he always tries to take them away from the impending danger. The foreman performed a moral feat, trying to protect the girls.
The behavior of each of the five girls is also a feat, because they are not at all adapted to military conditions. The death of each of them is terrible and at the same time sublime. The dreamy Liza Brichkina perishes, wanting to quickly cross * the swamp and call for help. This girl is dying with the thought of her tomorrow. The impressionable Sonya Gurvich, a lover of Blok's poetry, also dies, returning for the pouch left by the foreman. And these two "unheroic" deaths, for all their seeming accident, are associated with self-sacrifice. The writer pays special attention to two female characters: Rita Osyanina and Evgenia Komelkova.
According to Vasiliev, Rita is "strict, never laughs." The war broke her happy family life, Rita is constantly worried about the fate of her little son. Dying, Osyanina entrusts the care of her son to the reliable and wise Vaskov, she leaves this world, realizing that no one can accuse her of cowardice. Her friend dies with a weapon in her hands. The writer is proud of the mischievous, impudent Komelkova, who was sent out on the road after the staff romance. Here is how he describes his heroine: “Tall, red-haired, white-skinned. And the eyes are childish, green, round, like saucers. " And this wonderful girl dies, dies undefeated, performing a feat for the sake of others.
Many generations, reading this story by Vasiliev, will remember the heroic struggle of Russian women in this war, they will feel pain for the interrupted threads of human birth. We learn about the exploits of the Russian people both from ancient Russian epics and legends, and from the famous epic novel by L.N. In this work, the feat of the modest captain Tushin is not even noticed by anyone. Heroism and bravery seize a person suddenly, the only thought possesses him - to defeat the enemy. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to unite the commanders and the people, a moral victory of man over his fear, over the enemy is necessary. The motto of all brave, brave people can be proclaimed the words of General Bessonov, the hero of Yuri Bondarev's work "Hot Snow": "Stand still - and forget about death!"
Thus, showing the feat of a man in war, writers of different times pay special attention to the strength of the Russian national spirit, moral staunchness, the ability to sacrifice for the sake of saving the Fatherland. This theme is eternal in Russian literature, and therefore more than once we will witness the appearance of literary models of patriotism and morality to the world.
Vasiliev was interested not in the war itself, not in the battles, but in the life and death of the human soul in the war. There are few characters in the work, the action time is short. And in such a narrow area, an in-depth study of the characters, actions and motives of these actions is being conducted. The heroes in the story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet ..." find themselves in dramatic situations, their fates are optimistic tragedies. The heroes are yesterday's schoolchildren, and now they are participants in the war. Vasiliev, as if testing the characters for strength, puts them in extreme circumstances. The writer believes that in such situations, the character of a person is most clearly manifested.
B. Vasiliev brings his hero to the last line, to the choice between life and death. Die with a clear conscience or stay alive, staining yourself. The hero could save his life. But at what cost? You just need to give up a little from your own conscience. But Vasiliev's heroes do not recognize such moral compromises. What does it take to save the girls? Throw without Vaskov's help and leave. But each of the girls performs a feat in accordance with her character. The girls were offended by something about the war. Rita Osyanina's beloved husband was killed. The child was left without a father. In front of Zhenka Komelkova's eyes, the Germans shot the whole family.
Almost no one knows about the heroes' exploits. What is the feat? In this cruel, inhumanly difficult struggle with enemies, to remain human. A heroic deed is overcoming oneself. We won the war not only because there were genius generals, but there were also such inconspicuous heroes as Fedot Baskov, Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Liza Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich.
Truly human relations between the "fighters" will be shown by B. Vasiliev. The commander of the cruise, the Basque foreman, takes care of every girl. He makes sure that they do not sit on stones, do not get their feet wet, and do not get sick. He does not forget to praise and say sincerely. “I brought her a lapnik. Paved, covered with his greatcoat:
Rest, comrade fighter.
And what about you without an overcoat?
And I'm healthy, don't be afraid. Get well only by tomorrow. I beg you very much, get well. " "I wanted to sit on the stones, but Gurvich suddenly detained, quickly slipped her overcoat." The heroes - Rita and Zhenya - are surprisingly conscientious: they did not abandon the foreman in trouble, but said goodbye, hugged and accepted their last battle. Personally, it was very difficult for me to read this work. Soldiers are killed in war, but people have become accustomed to the idea that soldiers are masculine. This is a brother, a son, this is a husband and a father, this is a beloved, this is a friend and comrade. It is always a man. In the war, not only men were killed, but women and children. And by killing them, the war committed a crime against humanity, against conscience, against reason. By killing women, the war was committing a crime against the future. Because together with the woman she killed children and grandchildren. By killing women, fascism cut the roots of humanity.
The forties are fatal in our history. Russia was not prepared for war. There were few trained men, and women and children went into battle. The government did not provide materially for the people. People without shelter, without family, hungry. This is a terrible picture.
I liked that the story doesn’t end tragically. Vasiliev shows us that good always triumphs over evil. There is still hope for salvation. The girls died, but the Basque foreman remained. Rita's son lives with a good man who brings him up. Basque and Rita's son will tell this tragic story to the next generation. And these courageous, strong-minded girls will forever remain in the memory of mankind as heroes of the Great Patriotic War.
The problem of self-sacrifice during the war years (according to the text of V.A.Kaverin)
Original text by V.A.Kaverin
(1) The night before, the commissar summoned Kornev and Tumik to his cabin and spoke about this long-range battery, which fired at the leading edge and depth and which everyone had long been tired of.
- (2) We are suffering from her considerable losses, - he said, - and, besides, she interferes with one planned operation. (3) It is necessary to destroy this battery.
(4) Then he asked what they thought about self-sacrifice, because otherwise it cannot be destroyed. (5) He did not ask right away, but began with the feat of twenty-eight Panfilovites, who gave their young lives for the Fatherland. (6) Now this question stands before them - Kornev and Tumik - as the best scouts, awarded orders and medals.
(7) Tumik was the first to say that he agreed. (8) Kornev also agreed, and it was decided to disembark at nine o'clock in the morning. (9) At night the Germans fired rockets, although it was December and during the day it was as dark as at night.
(10) There was suddenly a lot of time, and it was possible to lie down and think, especially since this is probably the last time, but more, perhaps, will not have to.
(11) Tumik fought for a year and a half and was wounded twice. (12) He participated in the capture of the famous Kolpak hill, when eighty sailors held out against two battalions for seven hours, and the ammunition ran out, and the sailors began to fight back with stones. (13) As yesterday, he saw in front of him a small house, a porch with a collapsed step and his father in the garden - short-haired, gray-haired, with a thin nose and still so slender, dexterous, when he quickly walked towards the guests, leaning on a cane, in his Kubanke on one side and with its three orders.
(14) When the war began, he sent Tumik a letter: "Fight for yourself and for me."
(15) Here Tumik remembered all his life, the most important thing, the most interesting in life. (16) Father - it was home, childhood and school, the girl Shura - it was love, and Misha Rubin - a friend who always said that maybe there is love in the world, but it is true that there is true friendship forever.
(17) They were with him all the war - father, that girl and Misha - and they were now, when he was lying on his bunk under the window and you could hear a wave splashing on board. (18) This was his Fatherland!
(19) And suddenly everything became so clear to him that he even sat down on the bed, clasping his knees with his hands.
- (20) It was not for nothing that I lived on earth, - he said to himself.
(21) He saw Kornev write a letter in the light of a stub, and he wanted to tell Kornev that there was no death for them and that this solemn, last night had come for them, when all the light froze and only under a light wind a wave splashing overhead on Board. (22) But he said nothing. (23) Kornev had a wife and a little son. (24) He wrote to them, and who knows what he was thinking now, frowning his large black eyebrows ...
(25) In the morning, at first glance, they realized that it was impossible to lay down the roof and leave: the battery was working, and there were too many people around. (26) It was only possible to do, as the commissar said: to blow it up and blow it up ourselves. (27) And it was easy: not far from the battery, shells lay in stacks.
(28) They began to draw lots, because it was enough for one to be blown up, and the other could return to his own. (29) They agreed: the one who pulls out the whole match will return. (30) And Tumik took two whole matches in both hands and said in a whisper:
Well, Kornev, get it.
(31) Kornev had a wife and a little son ...
(32) They hugged and kissed. (33) At parting, Tumik gave Kornev his photo, where he was shot with a machine gun, lying down, aiming, - the guys said that it came out perfectly. (34) And Kornev left. (35) He was about forty meters from the battery, when an explosion rang out and the flame rushed to the very sky, illuminating the desert edge - snow and dark gorges between rocks, wild rocks of the Motherland ...
(According to V.A.Kaverin *)
Veniamin Aleksandrovich Kaverin (1902-1989) - Russian Soviet writer, playwright and screenwriter, author of the adventure novel "Two Captains".
Essay option 1
What is the role of memories during the war years? Why does thinking about home, about loved ones help to withstand the war years? These questions are posed by Veniamin Kaverin in this text.
Answering the questions posed, the author tells a story about the heroic deeds of a soldier during the Great Patriotic War. The commander summoned two scouts Tumik and Kornev and “asked what they thought about self-sacrifice,” then outlined his plan to destroy the fascist battery, which was hindering the advance of the Russian army. The scouts understood that overnight one of them must decide to die. And each of them spent that night in thought and recollection. Tumik remembered his home: “As yesterday, he saw in front of him a small house, a porch with a failed step and his father in the garden - short-haired, gray-haired, with a thin nose and still so slender, dexterous, when he quickly walked towards the guests, leaning on a cane , in his Kuban on one side and with his three orders. " Here the author shows how thoughts about home, the words of his father: "Fight for yourself and for me," memories of his friend Misha, the girl Shura, formed in Tumik's head into a single picture. “This was his Fatherland!” - this is something for which it is not scary to die. The reader sees that the memories eased Tumik's condition, helped him to do the impossible - to give his life for the happiness of others, for the Motherland: "there was an explosion and the flame rushed to the sky, illuminating the desert edge - snow and dark gorges between rocks, wild rocks of the Fatherland ..." ...
It is difficult to disagree with this position. Hundreds, and maybe thousands of soldiers, remembering their home and family in the intervals between battles, understood that tomorrow they might not return from the battle. But the willingness to give their lives for the children to grow up calmly in a peaceful environment in their home country gave them courage and resilience. How many examples are known when soldiers covered themselves with mines and grenades, thus perishing, but saving the lives of fellow soldiers. Everyone knows about the feat of Alexander Matrosov, who covered the German bunker with his body, about the feat of Alexander Talalikhin, who died when he sent his plane in the air to a fascist bomber. And there are thousands and thousands of such examples; during the war years, twelve thousand people received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, some became Heroes twice, or even three times. But it is absolutely clear and understandable that a person performs all feats for the sake of someone or something, each hero was supported by thoughts of home, memories of something dear and close.
In conclusion, I recall the lines of Alexander Pavlogradsky:
I remember. IM proud of. And I'll bow my knee
At the marble wall ... At the Eternal Fire ...
And many, like me, will certainly bow,
After all, everyone who died died for me too ...
Essay option 2
The problem of readiness for self-sacrifice during the war years.
What drives people willing to sacrifice their own lives? For what are they willing to sacrifice their own lives? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of V.A.Kaverin.
Revealing the problem of readiness for self-sacrifice during the war years, the author tells about one episode from the history of the Great Patriotic War. The commissar summoned two of the best scouts, awarded orders and medals, Kornev and Tumik, giving them a combat mission - to destroy a long-range battery that fired at the front edge, interfering with one planned operation. The Soviet division suffered heavy losses from the activities of this battery.
But this battery could not be destroyed without self-sacrifice, so the commissar asked the scouts what they thought about self-sacrifice, first starting with the feat of twenty-eight Panfilovites, who gave their young lives for the Fatherland. Kornev and Tumik agreed. The author shows how, on the last night before completing the assignment, Tumik recalled the most important things in his life: his father, home, childhood, school, girlfriend Shura, friend Misha Rubin. This was his Fatherland. The realization came to him that he had not lived his life for nothing. And in the morning Tumik invited Kornev to draw lots, holding two long matches. He knew that his friend had a wife and a little son, and therefore decided to blow up the battery and blow up himself, saving the life of his family friend.
In conclusion, I would like to say that the feat of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War evokes a reverent and sacred feeling of respect. We must always remember about him. Remember and sacredly honor the names of those who sacrificed their lives to save the world from fascism.
Arguments on "War" from literature for composition
The problem of courage, cowardice, compassion, mercy, mutual assistance, caring for loved ones, humanity, moral choice in war. The influence of war on human life, character and perception of the world. The participation of children in the war. Human responsibility for their actions.
What was the courage of the soldiers in the war? (A.M.Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man")
In the story of M.A. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man" can be seen a manifestation of true courage during the war. The main character of the story, Andrei Sokolov, goes to war, leaving his family at home. For the sake of those close to him, he passed all the tests: he suffered from hunger, fought bravely, sat in a punishment cell and escaped from captivity. The fear of death did not force him to abandon his beliefs: in the face of danger, he retained human dignity. The war took the lives of his loved ones, but even after that he did not break down, and again showed courage, however, no longer on the battlefield. He adopted a boy who also lost his entire family during the war. Andrei Sokolov is an example of a courageous soldier who continued to fight the hardships of fate even after the war.
The problem of moral assessment of the fact of war. (M. Zusak "The Book Thief")
In the center of the story of the novel "The Book Thief" by Markus Zusak, Liesel is a nine-year-old girl who, on the verge of war, ended up in a foster family. The girl's own father was associated with the communists, therefore, in order to save her daughter from the Nazis, her mother gives her to strangers for upbringing. Liesel begins a new life away from her family, she has a conflict with her peers, she finds new friends, learns to read and write. Her life is filled with ordinary childish concerns, but war comes and with it fear, pain and disappointment. She doesn't understand why some people kill others. Liesel's adoptive father teaches her kindness and compassion, despite the fact that it only brings him trouble. Together with her parents, she hides a Jew in the basement, looks after him, reads books to him. To help people, she and her friend Rudy, they scatter bread on the road along which the column of prisoners must pass. She is convinced that the war is monstrous and incomprehensible: people burn books, die in battles, arrests of those who disagree with official policy are taking place everywhere. Liesel does not understand why people refuse to live and rejoice. It is not by chance that the narrative of the book is conducted on behalf of Death, the eternal companion of war and the enemy of life. Is human consciousness capable of accepting the very fact of war? (Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace", G. Baklanov "Forever - Nineteen Years")
It is difficult for a person faced with the horrors of war to understand why it is needed. So, one of the heroes of the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Pierre Bezukhov does not take part in the battles, but he tries with all his might to help his people. He does not realize the true horror of the war until he witnesses the Battle of Borodino. Seeing the carnage, the count is horrified at its inhumanity. He is captured, experiences physical and mental torment, tries to comprehend the nature of war, but cannot. Pierre is not able to cope with a mental crisis on his own, and only his meeting with Platon Karataev helps him to understand that happiness lies not in victory or defeat, but in simple human joys. Happiness is inside every person, in his search for answers to eternal questions, awareness of himself as a part of the human world. And war, from his point of view, is inhuman and unnatural.The protagonist of G. Baklanov's story "Forever - Nineteen Years" Alexei Tretyakov painfully reflects on the reasons, the significance of the war for the people, man and life. He finds no weighty explanation for the need for war. Its meaninglessness, the devaluation of human life for the sake of achieving any important goal, terrifies the hero, causes bewilderment: “... One and the same thought haunted: will it ever turn out that this war could not have happened? What could the people have been able to prevent this? And millions would have survived ... ".
What feelings does the conqueror feel about the endurance of a defeated enemy? (V. Kondratyev "Sashka")
The problem of compassion for the enemy is considered in the story "Sashka" by V. Kondratyev. A young Russian soldier takes a German soldier prisoner. After talking with the company commander, the prisoner does not give out any information, so Sasha is ordered to take him to the headquarters. On the way, the soldier showed the captive a leaflet on which it was written that the captives were assured of life and return to their homeland. However, the battalion commander, who lost a loved one in this war, orders to shoot the German. Conscience does not allow Sasha to kill an unarmed man, just like he is a young guy who behaves the same way as he would in captivity. The German does not betray his own people, does not beg to be spared, preserving his human dignity. At the risk of being court-martialed, Sashka does not comply with the commander's order. Belief in the righteousness saves him and his captive's life, and the commander cancels the order.How does war change the worldview and character of a person? (V. Baklanov "Forever - nineteen")
G. Baklanov in his story "Forever - Nineteen Years" speaks about the significance and value of man, about his responsibility, memory that binds the people: "Through a great catastrophe - a great liberation of the spirit," said Atrakovsky. - Never before has so much depended on each of us. Therefore, we will win. And this will not be forgotten. The star goes out, but the field of attraction remains. That's how people are. " War is a disaster. However, it leads not only to tragedy, to the death of people, to a breakdown of their consciousness, but also contributes to spiritual growth, the transformation of the people, the determination of the true values of life by everyone. In war, a reassessment of values takes place, the worldview and character of a person change.The problem of the inhumanity of war. (I. Shmelev "Sun of the Dead")
In the epic "Sun of the Dead" I. Shmelev shows all the horrors of war. "The smell of decay", "cackle, stomp and roar" of anthropoid, these are carriages of "fresh human meat, young meat!" and “one hundred and twenty thousand heads! Human! " War is the absorption of the world of the living by the world of the dead. She makes a beast out of man, makes him do terrible things. No matter how great the external material destruction and destruction, they do not terrify I. Shmelev: neither a hurricane, nor hunger, nor snowfall, nor crops drying up from drought. Evil begins where a person who does not oppose him begins, for him "everything is nothing!" "And there is no one, and none." For the writer, it is indisputable that the human spiritually - the spiritual world is a place of struggle between good and evil, and it is also indisputable that there will always, in any circumstances, even during a war, be people in whom the beast will not defeat man.Responsibility of a person for the actions he committed in the war. The mental trauma of the participants in the war. (V. grossman "Abel")
In the story "Abel (Sixth August)" V.S. Grossman reflects on the war in general. Showing the tragedy of Hiroshima, the writer speaks not only of a universal human misfortune and ecological catastrophe, but also of a person's personal tragedy. Young striker Connor bears the onus of being the man destined to push a button to trigger the killing mechanism. For Connor, this is a personal war, where everyone remains just a person with inherent weaknesses and fears in the desire to save their own lives. However, sometimes, in order to remain human, you need to die. Grossman is convinced that true humanity is impossible without involvement in what is happening, and therefore without responsibility for what happened. The conjugation in one person of a heightened sense of Peace and a soldier's diligence imposed by the state machine and the system of education turns out to be fatal for a young man and leads to a split in consciousness. Crew members perceive what happened in different ways, not all of them feel responsible for what they have done, they talk about high goals. An act of fascism, unprecedented even by fascist standards, is justified by public thought, presented as a struggle against the notorious fascism. However, Joseph Conner experiences an acute sense of guilt, all the time washing his hands, as if trying to wash them of the blood of innocents. The hero goes crazy, realizing that his inner man cannot live with the burden he has shouldered.What is war and how does it affect a person? (K. Vorobyov "Killed near Moscow")
In the story "Killed near Moscow" K. Vorobyov writes that war is a huge machine, "made up of thousands and thousands of efforts of different people, moved, moves not someone else's will, but itself, having received its move, and therefore unstoppable" ... The old man in the house where the retreating wounded are left calls the war the "master" of everything. All life is now determined by the war, which changes not only life, destinies, but also the consciousness of people. War is a confrontation in which the strongest wins: "In a war - who is the first to fail." The death that war brings occupies almost all the thoughts of the soldiers: “It was during the first months at the front that he was ashamed of himself, he thought he was the only one. Everything is so in these minutes, everyone overcomes them with himself alone: there will be no other life ”. The metamorphoses that occur with a person in war are explained by the purpose of death: in the battle for the Fatherland, soldiers show unthinkable courage, self-sacrifice, while in captivity, doomed to death, they live guided by animal instincts. War cripples not only the bodies of people, but also their souls: the writer shows how disabled people are afraid of the end of the war, since they no longer imagine their place in peaceful life.SUMMARY
What is the feat of people during the war years? Was it only at the front that they committed heroic deeds? These are the questions that arise when reading the text of the Soviet writer V. Bykov.
Revealing the problem of the heroic deeds of people during the war years, the author tells about an old woman who lives in an inconspicuous forest village near a large Belarusian river. During the war years, she, a very young girl, gathered half a dozen orphaned children under the surviving roof and for many years became their mother, elder sister, educator.
Yes, she made her contribution to the unprecedented feat of the Soviet people, who won a victory over the most cruel and insidious enemy. Undoubtedly, the old honored general, who marched with his division from the fields near Moscow to Berlin, and the famous partisan leader, organizer of the nationwide struggle in the occupied territory, and this unknown woman who raised half a dozen orphans, also accomplished the feat. It is impossible to reveal all the diversity of the people's feat during the fiery years of the war. Heroism was shown not only at the front, but also in the rear.
The author's position is as follows: the unprecedented feat of people during the Great Patriotic War lies in the fact that both at the front and in the rear, at the cost of their own lives, they fought against fascism, defending their country from it, taking care of the lives of future generations.
After reading the story of EI Nosov "Red Wine of Victory", we met one of the many humble heroes of the Great Patriotic War, thanks to whom we defeated fascism. This is a simple soldier Ivan Kopyoshkin, who was seriously injured at the end of the war. At the front, he continued his peasant labor - he was responsible for the transport horses. Kopyoshkin has no awards, and he does not feel like a hero either. But this is not the case. Overcoming fear, he honestly fulfilled his duty and died of wounds in a military hospital on the very Victory Day, never having tasted the red wine of Victory.
In another story by EI Nosov, which is called "Living Flame", we learn about the tragic fate of the son of the landlady of the storyteller Olga Petrovna. Alexei died, diving in his tiny "hawk" on the back of a heavy Nazi bomber. The young man lived a short but bright life, giving it up for the Motherland.
So, during the war years, many performed a feat: both those who participated in the battles, and those who forged victory in the rear, sacrificing their health and even their lives. The feat of the Soviet people is unparalleled, we will always remember it.
The school year has come to an end. It's time for exams for the 11th grade students. As you know, in order to get a school certificate, you need to pass two main exams: in mathematics and the Russian language. But also a few more items to choose from.
The nuances of the essay in the Russian language on the exam
To get the maximum points for the delivery, you need to correctly write an essay, that is, the third part. Part C contains many essay topics. The exam organizers offer written papers on friendship, love, childhood, motherhood, science, duty, honor, and so on. One of the most challenging topics is the issue of courage and resilience. You will find the arguments to it in our article. But that is not all. Your attention is also offered a plan according to which it is necessary to write an essay for the exam in the Russian language in grade 11.
Many authors have written about the war. Only, unfortunately, these works, like many others, do not linger in the memory of children. We invite you to recall the most striking works in which you can find examples of courage and heroism.
The plan of the final essay for the exam in the Russian language
Testing teachers give a large number of points for an essay that has the correct composition. If you use our courage writing plan, teachers will appreciate your work. But don't forget about literacy.
Remember that an essay on the Russian language on the unified state exam differs significantly from written work on social studies, history and literature. It should be compositionally correct.
And we are moving on to a plan for a future essay on the problem of courage and perseverance. The arguments will be given below.
1. Introduction. Why do you think it is needed? The point is that the graduate needs to bring the examiner to the main problem, which is considered in the text. Typically, this is a small paragraph of 3-5 sentences on the topic.
2. Statement of the problem. In this part, the graduate writes that he has identified the problem. Attention! When you indicate it, then think carefully and find the arguments in the text (there are about 3 of them in the fragment).
3. Commentary of a graduate. At this point, the student explains to the reader the problem of the read text, and also characterizes it. The volume of this item is no more than 7 sentences.
5. Own point of view. At this point, the student must write - whether he agrees with the author of the text or not. In any case, your answer needs to be substantiated, in our case on the issue of courage and resilience. The arguments are given in the next paragraph.
6. Evidence from works of art or arguments from life. Most teachers insist that graduates give 2-3 arguments from works of fiction.
7. Conclusion. As a rule, it consists of 3 sentences. At this point, the task of the graduate is to draw a conclusion to everything said above, that is, to summarize. The conclusion will sound more effective if you end the essay with a rhetorical question.
Many examinees note that the argumentation point is the most difficult for them. Therefore, we have selected examples of courage for you in the literature.
Mikhail Sholokhov. The story "The fate of a man"
You can show stamina in captivity. Soviet soldier Andrei Sokolov is captured. He then ends up in a death camp. One evening, the camp commandant summons him and invites him to raise a glass of vodka for the victory of the Nazi weapon. Sokolov refuses to do this. Among them was a drunken Müller. He offers the prisoner to drink to his own destruction.
Andrei agreed, took a glass and drank it right there, without having a bite to eat. Exhaling heavily, he said: "List me." The company of drunken German officers appreciated the courage and resilience. Argument # 1 for your essay is ready. It should be noted that this story ended successfully for the captured soldier Sokolov.
Lev Tolstoy. Epic novel "War and Peace"
The problem of courage was considered not only in the literature of the second half of the twentieth century, but also a century earlier. When we read this novel in literature lessons, we involuntarily became witnesses of the courage and resilience of the Russian people. Leo Tolstoy wrote that during the battle the command did not tell the soldiers what to do. Everything went by itself. The wounded soldiers were taken to the medical aid stations, the bodies of the dead were taken to the front line, and the ranks of the fighters closed up again.
We see that people did not want to say goodbye to life. But they overcame fear, kept fighting spirit under the flying bullets. It was in this that courage and resilience were manifested. Argument # 2 is ready.
Boris Vasiliev. The story "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"
We continue to consider the arguments for the essay. This time, a lesson in courage will be demonstrated to readers by a brave girl during the Great Patriotic War. In this story, Boris Vasiliev writes about a detachment of girls who died, but still managed to win, because they did not allow a single enemy warrior to return to their native land. This victory took place because they selflessly and sincerely loved their homeland.
Komelkova Evgeniya is the heroine of the story. A young, strong and courageous girl from the fighters of the story. Comic and dramatic episodes are associated with her name. In her character, traits of benevolence and optimism, cheerfulness and confidence are manifested. But the most important feature is hatred of the enemy. It is she who attracts the attention of readers, arouses their admiration. Only Zhenya had the courage to summon enemy fire in order to ward off a mortal threat from the wounded Rita and Fedot. Not everyone can forget such a lesson in courage.
Boris Polevoy. "The Story of a Real Man"
We would like to bring to your attention another striking work telling about the Great Patriotic War, the heroism and firmness of character of the Soviet pilot Maresyev.
In general, in the arsenal of Boris Polevoy, there are many works where the author considers the problem of courage and resilience.
Arguments for the composition:
In this story, the author writes about the Soviet pilot Maresyev. It so happened that he survived the plane crash, but was left without legs. This did not stop him from returning to life. The man stood on the prostheses. Maresyev again returned to his life's work - to flying.
We have considered the problem of courage and resilience. We have given the arguments. Good luck on your exam!
In the text proposed for analysis, Yu. Ya. Yakovlev raises the problem of heroism, heroism and selflessness. It is over her that he ponders.
This problem of a socio-moral nature cannot but worry a modern person.
The writer reveals this problem using the example of a story about a history teacher who had the opportunity to save his life, but after learning that the inhabitants of Kragujevac were dying, among whom were his students, he decided to be with the children in their hour of death so that they would not it was so scary and to soften the picture of horror that unfolded in front of them: “He was afraid to be late and ran all the way, and when he got to Kragujevac, he could hardly keep his feet.
He found his class, gathered all his students. And many more children joined this fifth grade, because when the teacher is nearby, it’s not so scary. ”
And also the writer shows the courage, fearlessness and selflessness of the teacher, his love for children, how he inspired them, teaching them his last lesson: “” Children, - said the teacher, - I told you how real people died for their homeland. Now
it's our turn. Come on! Your last history lesson begins. " And the fifth grade followed their teacher. "
The author's position is clear: Yu. Ya. Yakovlev believes that feat can be understood not only to save the lives of other people, but also to help in the hour of death, for example, to become an example to follow and support, especially if you have to sacrifice your life for this.
This problem is reflected in fiction. For example, in the novel by FM Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" Sonya Marmeladova sacrifices herself, living on the "yellow ticket" in order to feed her stepmother, sick with consumption, her young children and her drunken father. Sonya helps Raskolnikov overcome herself, shares his fate, following him to hard labor. Throughout the novel, Sonya performs repeated feats, trying to save and saving the lives of people dear and close to her, which characterizes her as a highly moral person, strong in spirit.
Another example is the story of Maxim Gorky "The Old Woman Izergil", in particular, the legend about Danko, which is told by the old woman Izergil. Danko, to prove his love for people, tore open his chest, took out his burning heart and ran forward, holding it like a torch, thereby leading people out of the dark forest. Danko is the embodiment of disinterested, sublime and sacrificial love for people, he accomplished a feat, sacrificing himself for their salvation.
Thus, we can draw the following conclusion: exploit is understood not only to save the lives of others, but also to help, self-sacrifice.
Other works on this topic:
- In the center of our attention is the work of Vladimirovich Bogomolov, a Russian writer, which describes the problem of feat, heroism, dedication, willingness to sacrifice oneself. In the text, the author talks about the feat ...
- B. Polevoy "The Story of a Real Man". Alexei Meresiev's fighter plane was shot down. Shell-shocked and wounded, the hero was able to survive and crawl out of the forest to his own. After amputation ...
- 1. Danko as the ideal hero. 2. Danko's goal. 3. The opposition of the hero and the crowd. In their work, writers often turn to the theme of heroism. Heroic deeds of people ...
- “Recently, I have read and heard more than once that the alleged mass heroism of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War was due to ...
- Larra and Danko are characters representing two types of romantic characters: antihero and hero. Selfishness and pride of the son of an eagle and an earthly woman do not bring happiness to Larra ...
- Is there a place for heroism in peacetime? This serious problem is discussed ——— in this text. The author says that ———. Sometimes in a peaceful life ...
- In life ... there is always a place for exploits. M. Gorky The first works of M. Gorky immediately attracted attention with their romantic pathos, depicting proud and courageous people ...
- The writer and journalist E.G. Krieger in his story addresses the problem of the heroism of Soviet people who had a chance to restore industry during the war. The author shows the workers ...
- The world of romantic works of the early period of creativity M. Gorky. The description of events in the novels and other works of the early M. Gorky, the romantic period, differs from the generally accepted understanding of this ...
- The creative activity of Mikhail Sholokhov is closely connected with the fate of the Russian people. The writer himself assessed his work "The Fate of Man" as the first step towards the creation of a whole ...
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The problem of feat, heroism and dedication (Arguments of the exam)