Fearless examples from literature. Cowardice - arguments
FIPI Commentary on Courage and Cowardice:
"This direction is based on the comparison of the opposite manifestations of the human" I ": the readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to evade the resolution of difficult, sometimes extreme life situations. characters showing weakness of spirit and lack of will. "
Recommendations for students:
The table contains works that reflect any concept related to the direction of "Courage and cowardice". You DO NOT NEED to read all of the works listed. You may have read a lot by now. Your task is to revise your reading knowledge and, if you find a lack of arguments in one direction or another, fill in the gaps. In this case, you will need this information. Think of it as a reference point in the vast world of literary works. Please note: the table contains only a part of the works in which the problems we need are present. This does not mean at all that you cannot use completely different arguments in your works. For convenience, each work is accompanied by small explanations (the third column of the table), which will help you navigate how exactly, through which characters, you will need to rely on literary material (the second mandatory criterion when evaluating a graduation essay)
An approximate list of literary works and carriers of problems in the direction of "Courage and cowardice"
Direction | Approximate list of literary works | Carriers of the problem |
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Courage and cowardice | L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" | Andrey Bolkonsky, captain Tushin, Kutuzov- courage and heroism in war. Zherkov- cowardice, the desire to be in the rear. |
A.S. Pushkin. "Captain's daughter" | Grinev, family of captain Mironov, Pugachev- are courageous in their actions and aspirations. Shvabrin- a coward and a traitor. | |
M. Yu. Lermontov "Song about the merchant Kalashnikov" | Merchant Kalashnikov boldly goes to a duel with Kiribeyevich, defending the honor of his wife. | |
A.P. Chekhov. "About love" | Alekhine afraid to be happy, as it takes courage to overcome social rules and stereotypes. | |
A.P. Chekhov. "Man in a Case" | Belikov afraid to live, because "no matter what happens." | |
M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin "The Wise Gudgeon" | The fairytale hero The Wise Gudgeon chose fear as his life strategy. He decided to be afraid and beware, because this is the only way to outwit the pikes and not fall into the fishermen's nets. | |
A. M. Gorky "The Old Woman Izergil" | Danko took the liberty to lead people out of the forest and save them. | |
V. V. Bykov "Sotnikov" | Sotnikov(courage), Fisherman(cowardice, betrayed the partisans). | |
V. V. Bykov "Obelisk" | Teacher Frost he courageously fulfilled his duty as a teacher and stayed with his students. | |
M. Sholokhov. "The fate of man" | Andrey Sokolov(the embodiment of courage at all stages of life). But cowards also met along the way (an episode in the church when Sokolov strangled a man who intended to give the names of communists to the Germans). | |
B. Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" | Girls from the platoon of Sergeant Major Vaskov, who took an unequal battle with German saboteurs. | |
B. Vasiliev. "Not on the lists" | Nikolay Pluzhnikov courageously resists the Germans, even when he remains the only defender of the Brest Fortress. |
The topic “Courage and cowardice” was proposed among other topics in the final essay on literature for the 2020 graduates. Many great people have discussed these two phenomena. “Courage is the beginning of victory,” Plutarch once said. "The boldness of the city takes", - after many centuries A.V.Suvorov agreed with him. And some even made provocative statements on this topic: “Real courage is rarely complete without stupidity” (F. Bacon). Be sure to include such quotes in your work - this will have a positive effect on your assessment, as well as mentioning examples from history, literature or from life.
What to write about in an essay on this topic? You can consider courage and cowardice as abstract concepts in their broadest sense, think about them as two sides of the coin of one person, on the truth and falsity of these feelings. Write that courage can be a manifestation of overconfidence, that there is a direct connection between selfishness and cowardice, but rational fear and cowardice are not the same thing.
A popular topic for reflection is cowardice and courage in extreme conditions, for example, in war, when the most important and previously hidden human fears are exposed, when a person displays character traits previously unknown to others and himself. Or vice versa: even the most positive people in an emergency situation can show cowardice. Here it will be useful to speculate about heroism, heroism, desertion and betrayal.
Within the framework of this essay, you can write about courage and cowardice in love, as well as in your mind. Here it will be appropriate to remember willpower, the ability to say "no", the ability or inability to defend one's opinion. You can talk about a person's behavior when making decisions or meeting something new, leaving the comfort zone, the courage to admit their mistakes.
Other directions of the final essay.
Description of the presentation for individual slides:
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FINAL COMPOSITION 2017/2018. THEMATIC DIRECTION "Courage and cowardice." “The madness of the brave is the wisdom of life! M.Gorky
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Cowardice Cowardice is the most ancient human vice, And one must be especially wise here, To make a simple jerk through fear And keep the courage in everyday life! And envy has long since made its way to the masses, But an unexpected turn happens - When in broad daylight, who is not well-worn, Contemptuously carries blind nonsense! And smiling to himself sarcastically, I'm glad to choke with my sting, If only nobody could see - The soul is empty, and there is discord in the heart! Courage It is good to be brave, only scary ... A madman can not be afraid, And walk on the edge where it is dangerous, Is it courage? Of course not. Fear is always present in us, in everyone, Someone is closer or farther, Fear has overcome in oneself once, You can live by honor and without falsehood. And pull the boor in the train, pull the drowning ashore, save the weak from the bully, If a person believes in himself. Fear should not rule the mind, so that later on at you to mock, because every minute we need to remain a man
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This direction is based on the comparison of the opposite manifestations of the human "I": readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to evade the resolution of difficult, sometimes extreme life situations. On the pages of many literary works, both heroes capable of bold actions and characters demonstrating weakness of spirit and lack of will are presented.
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It is not for nothing that courage is considered the highest virtue - after all, courage is the guarantee of other positive qualities. (W. Churchill) How can a tree bloom if its roots are dry? So it is here: until there is proper order in the kingdom, where will military courage come from? If the leader does not constantly strengthen the army, then he will rather be defeated than a winner. But you, despising all this, praise only courage; and what courage is based on is not important to you. (Ivan the Terrible)
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According to the dictionary of V.S. Bezrukova, COURAGE is a positive morally strong-willed personality trait, manifested as decisiveness, fearlessness, courage when performing actions associated with risk and danger. Courage allows a person to overcome by volitional efforts the fear of something unknown, difficult, new and achieve success in achieving the goal. It is not for nothing that this quality is highly respected among the people: “God owns the brave”, “The boldness of the city takes”. It is also read as the ability to speak the truth ("Dare to have your own judgment"). Courage allows you to face "the truth in the eye" and objectively assess your capabilities, not to be afraid of darkness, loneliness, water, heights and other difficulties and obstacles. Courage provides a person with a sense of his own dignity, a sense of responsibility, security, and the reliability of life. Synonyms: courage, determination, courage, heroism, enterprise, arrogance, self-confidence, energy; presence, uplifting; spirit, courage, desire (to tell the truth), audacity, boldness; fearlessness, fearlessness, fearlessness, fearlessness; fearlessness, decisiveness, daring, heroism, courage, riskiness, despair, audacity, innovation, daring, audacity, audacity, prowess, misfortune, valor, novelty, courage, masculinity.
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Cowardice is one of the expressions of cowardice; negative, moral quality that characterizes the behavior of a person who is unable to commit acts that meet moral requirements (or, conversely, refrain from immoral actions), due to the inability to overcome fear of natural or social forces. T. can be a manifestation of calculating selfishness, when it is based on fears of incurring adverse consequences, someone's anger, fear of losing existing benefits or social position. It can also be subconscious, a manifestation of a spontaneous fear of unknown phenomena, unknown and uncontrollable social and natural laws. In both cases, T. is not just an individual property of the psyche of this or that person, but a social phenomenon. It is associated either with egoism, rooted in the psychology of people throughout the centuries-old history of private property, or with the impotence and suppressed position of a person generated by the state of alienation (even fear of natural phenomena develops into T. only under certain conditions of social life and the corresponding upbringing of a person). Synonyms: fearfulness, timidity, cowardice, suspiciousness, indecision, hesitation, fear; apprehension, fear, shyness, cowardice, timidity, fearfulness, capitulation, cowardice, cowardice.
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In this area, we will talk about indifference and responsiveness from several positions. 1. Courage and cowardice as abstract concepts and properties of a person (in a broad sense). Within the framework of this section, one can reflect on the following topics: Courage and cowardice as personality traits, as two sides of the same coin. Courage / cowardice as a personality trait conditioned by reflexes. True and False Courage / Cowardice. Courage as a manifestation of overconfidence. Courage and risk-taking. Courage / cowardice and self-confidence. The connection between cowardice and selfishness. Difference between rational fear and cowardice. The connection between courage and philanthropy, philanthropy, etc. 2. Courage / cowardice in minds, souls, characters. Within the framework of this section, you can reflect on the concepts: willpower, fortitude, the ability to say no, the courage in upholding your ideals, the courage necessary to defend what you believe in. And you can also talk about cowardice, as the inability to defend your ideals and principles. Courage or cowardice in making decisions. Courage and cowardice when embracing something new. Courage and cowardice when trying to get out of your comfort zone. Courage to admit the truth or admit your mistakes. The influence of courage and cowardice on the formation of personality. Contrast of two types of people.
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3. Courage / cowardice in life. Pettiness, inability to show courage in a specific life situation. 4. Courage / cowardice in war and in extreme conditions. War reveals the most basic human fears. In war, a person is able to display previously unknown character traits. Sometimes a person surprises himself, showing heroism and unprecedented strength of mind. And sometimes even good people, contrary to their expectations, show cowardice. Courage / cowardice within the framework of this section is associated with the concept of heroism, heroism, as well as dithering, betrayal, etc. 5. Courage and cowardice in love.
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Sample List of Topics What does it mean to be brave? Why does a person need courage? What does cowardice lead to? What actions does cowardice push a person to? Can it be argued that courage is the engine of progress? In what situations in life is courage best shown? Do you need courage in love? Do you need to have the courage to admit your mistakes? Courage is the beginning of victory Do you agree with the statement of O. De Balzac: “Fear can make a daredevil timid, but it gives courage to an undecided one”? How do you understand the fixed expression "fear has big eyes"? How do you understand the words of Confucius: "Cowardice is to know what to do and not to do it"?
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How do you understand the statement: "A fearful dog barks more than bites"? Is it fair to say “courage is half the victory”? What actions can be called courageous? What is the difference between audacity and audacity? Who can be called a coward? Can you cultivate courage? How do you understand M. Twain's statement: "Courage is resistance to fear, not its absence" Do you agree with L. Berne's statement: "A coward is more dangerous than any other person, he must be feared most of all"? What are the causes of fear? Can a person of high moral standards be a coward? Is cowardice a sentence? Do you agree with the statement of B. Russell: "To be afraid of love means to be afraid of life, and to be afraid of life means to be two-thirds dead"? Is it possible to love someone you are afraid of? Can a brave person be afraid of anything? Can it be argued that a person is afraid only of what he does not know? Do you agree with the statement of D. Diderot: “We consider a coward the one who allowed his friend to be insulted in his presence. D. Diderot "
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How do you understand the expression of F. Cooper: "Fear makes the smart stupid and the strong weak"? What is the difference between true and false courage? Is courage always expressed in actions? How do you understand the expression: "The master's work is afraid"? Is it a shame to feel fear? How do extreme conditions affect courage? How do you understand the statement of W. Shakespeare: "Cowards die many times before they die, the brave die only once"? Can it be argued that courage and cowardice are two sides of the same coin? Why is it important to be bold in life? Do you agree with the statement of J.J. Rousseau: "Do not confuse boldness with arrogance and rudeness: there is nothing more dissimilar in its source and result"? Do you agree with the statement of G.S. Crispa: “In battle, those are most exposed to danger, who are most possessed by fear; courage is like a wall ”? What does it mean to be bold in everyday life? What's the difference between courage and risk-taking? How is fear different from cowardice? Do you agree with Voltaire's statement: "The success of science is a matter of time and courage of the mind"? How is willpower related to courage? Do you need to have the courage to say no? Why is it important to have the courage to stand up for your ideals? Why is it important to have courage when making decisions? Does it take courage to embrace something new?
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How do you understand the statement of Helvetius: "To be completely devoid of courage, one must be completely devoid of desires"? Can cowardice hinder the development of personality? Do you agree with the statement of W. Churchill: “Courage is considered the highest virtue for a reason - after all, courage is the guarantee of other positive qualities”? How does courage affect personality formation? Confirm or refute Thucydides' statement: "Ignorance makes people courageous, and reflection makes people indecisive." How does cowardice affect the formation of personality? What is the difference between a coward and a daredevil? Do you agree with P. Holbach: "You can never live happily when you are trembling with fear all the time"? Why are people afraid to voice their opinion? How is courage manifested in war? Do you agree with G.Yu. Caesar: "It is easier to find such people who voluntarily go to death than those who patiently endure pain"? What qualities does a person display in war? Do you agree with the statement of G. Ibsen: "Cowardice in its prime turns into cruelty"? Why does creativity take courage? Why do people show cowardice in war? How do you understand the statement of F. Bacon: “Heroism is an artificial concept, because courage is relative”? Do you agree with S. Lagerlöf's statement: "More soldiers always die while fleeing than in battle"? How is suspiciousness related to cowardice? Do you need courage in love? Can a coward be happy? Do you agree with Plutarch's words: “Courage is the beginning of victory”?
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List of literature to prepare for the final essay. VC. Zheleznikov "Scarecrow" V.M. Garshin "Coward" M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita", "White Guard" B.L. Vasiliev “Tomorrow was a war”, “The dawns here are quiet” AS Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" V.V. Bykov "Sotnikov" M.Ye. Saltykov-Shchedrin "The Wise Piskar" E. Remarque "Three Comrades", "All Quiet on the Western Front" by A. Dumas "The Count of Monte Cristo", "Three Musketeers" by E. Ilyin "The Fourth Height" J. London "White Fang" , "Martin Eden" V. Nabokov "Invitation to Execution" S. Collins "The Hunger Games" A.I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet", "Olesya" W. Golding "Lord of the Flies" R. Gallego "White on Black" F.M. Dostoevsky "The Idiot" V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician" J. Orwell "1984" V. Roth "Divergent" MA Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man", "Nakhalenok" E. Hemingway "Farewell to Arms!" M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time", "Song of Tsar Ivan Vasilievich, a young oprichnik and daring merchant Kalashnikov" N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba", "The Overcoat" M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil" A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin" B.N. Field "The Story of a Real Man"
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On the pages of many literary works, both heroes capable of bold actions and characters demonstrating weakness of spirit and lack of will are presented.
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Quotes for the final essay in the direction of "Courage and cowardice." Be brave for the truth. Whoever dared, he ate (and got on a horse) Courage is the beginning of victory. (Plutarch) Courage, bordering on recklessness, contains more madness than (M. Cervantes) When you are afraid, act bravely, and you will avoid the worst troubles. (G. Sachs) To be completely devoid of courage, you need to be completely devoid of desires. (Helvetius K.) It is easier to find people who voluntarily go to death than those who patiently endure pain. (J. Caesar) Who is courageous is brave. (Cicero) Do not mix courage with arrogance and rudeness: there is nothing more dissimilar in its source and result. (J.J. . Rousseau) Excessive courage is the same vice as excessive timidity. (B. Johnson)
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Courage, which is based on discretion, is not called recklessness, but the exploits of the reckless must be attributed to mere luck rather than to his courage. (M. Cervantes) In battle, those who are most exposed to danger, who are more obsessed with fear than others; courage is like a wall. (Sallust) Courage replaces the fortress walls. (Sallust) To be courageous means to consider everything terrible as distant and close to everything that inspires courage. (Aristotle) Heroism is an artificial concept, because courage is relative. (F. Bacon) Others show courage without having it, but there is no person who would demonstrate wit if he were not witty by nature. (J. Halifax) Real courage is rarely complete without stupidity. (F. Bacon)
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Ignorance makes people courageous and reflection makes people indecisive. (Thucydides) Knowing what you want to do in advance gives you courage and ease. (D. Diderot) It is not for nothing that courage is considered the highest virtue - after all, courage is the guarantee of other positive qualities. (W. Churchill) Courage is resistance to fear, not its absence. (M. Twain) Happy is he who boldly takes under his protection what he loves. (Ovid) Creativity requires courage. (A. Matisse) It takes a lot of courage to bring bad news to people. (R. Branson)
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The successes of science are a matter of time and courage of the mind. (Voltaire) It takes great courage to use your own reason. (E. Burke) Fear can make a daredevil timid, but it gives him courage to be indecisive. (O. Balzac) A person is afraid only of what he does not know, knowledge conquers all fear. (V.G.Belinsky) A coward is more dangerous than any other person, he must be feared most of all. (L. Berne) There is nothing worse than fear itself. (F. Bacon) Cowardice can never be moral. (M. Gandhi) A coward sends threats only when he is confident in safety. (I. Goethe)
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You can never live happily when you tremble with fear all the time. (P. Holbach) Cowardice is very harmful because it keeps the will from doing useful things. (R. Descartes) We consider a coward to be the one who allowed his friend to be insulted in his presence. (D. Diderot) Cowardice in its prime turns into cruelty. (G. Ibsen) Who fearfully cares about how not to lose life, will never rejoice in it. (I. Kant) The difference between the brave and the coward is that the former, aware of the danger, does not feel fear, and the latter feels fear, unaware of the danger. (V.O. Klyuchevsky) Cowardice is in knowing what to do and not doing it. (Confucius) Fear makes the smart stupid and the strong weak. (F. Cooper) A fearful dog barks more than bites. (Curtius) More soldiers are always killed in flight than in battle. (S. Lagerlöf) Fear is a bad mentor. (Pliny the Younger) Fear arises from the impotence of the spirit. (B. Spinoza) Scared - half defeated. (A.V.Suvorov) Cowards speak about bravery most of all, and scoundrels speak about nobility. (A.N. Tolstoy)
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A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" As an example, we can take the comparison between Grinev and Shvabrin: the first is ready to die in the battle for the fortress, directly expresses his position to Pugachev, risking his life, remained faithful to the oath on pain of death, the second was afraid for his life and went over to the side of the enemy. Captain Mironov's daughter turns out to be truly courageous. "Coward" Masha, who shuddered from the shots at the exercises in the fortress, shows remarkable courage and firmness, opposes the claims of Shvabrin, being in his full power in the fortress occupied by the Pugachevites. The title character of the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" in fact turned out to be a coward - he completely subordinated his life to the opinion of society, which he himself despised. Realizing that he is to blame for the overdue duel and can prevent it, he does not do this, as he is afraid of the opinion of the world and gossip about himself. To avoid being accused of cowardice, he kills his friend.
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A striking example of true courage is the protagonist of the novel by M.A. Sholokhov's "Quiet Don" Grigory Melekhov. The First World War caught up with Gregory and whirled in a whirlwind of turbulent historical events. Gregory, like a true Cossack, gives himself up to battle. He is determined and courageous. He easily captures three Germans, deftly recaptures a battery from the enemy, and saves an officer. Evidence of his courage - St. George's crosses and medals, officer rank. Gregory shows courage not only in battle. He is not afraid to radically change his life, to go against the will of his father for the sake of his beloved woman. Gregory does not tolerate injustice and always speaks openly about it. He is ready to abruptly change his fate, but not change himself. Grigory Melekhov showed extraordinary courage in his search for the truth. But for him it is not just an idea, some idealized symbol of a better human being; he is looking for its embodiment in life. Touching many small particles of truth and ready to accept each, he often discovers their inconsistency when confronted with life, but the hero does not stop in search of truth and justice and goes to the end, having made his choice at the end of the novel.
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Not afraid to completely change his life and the young monk, the hero of the poem M.Yu. Lermontov's "Mtsyri". The dream of a free life completely captured Mtsyri, a fighter by nature, forced to live in a gloomy monastery that he hated. He, who has not lived a day at large, independently decides on a brave act - to escape from the monastery in the hope of returning to his homeland. Only in freedom, in those days that Mtsyri spent outside the monastery, all the wealth of his nature was revealed: love of freedom, thirst for life and struggle, perseverance in achieving the set goal, unbending willpower, courage, contempt for danger, love for nature, understanding of its beauty and power. Mtsyri shows courage and will to win in the fight against the leopard. In his story about how he descended from the cliffs to the stream, contempt for danger sounds: But free youth is strong, And death seemed not terrible. Mtsyri failed to achieve his goal - to find his homeland, his people. “The prison has left its stamp on me,” he explains the reason for his failure. Mtsyri fell victim to circumstances that turned out to be stronger than him (a stable motive of fate in the works of Lermontov). But he dies adamantly, his spirit is not broken. Great courage is required in order to preserve oneself, one's personality in the conditions of a totalitarian regime, not to abandon one's ideals and ideas, including in creativity, not to submit to the conjuncture.
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Many works of classical Russian literature raise the issue of fear of life in its various manifestations. In particular, many works by A.P. Chekhov: "Fears", "Cossack", "Champagne", "Beauties", "Lights", "Steppe", "Man in a Case", "Death of an Official", "Ionych", "Lady with a Dog", "Chameleon" , "Ward No. 6", "Fear", "Black Monk" and others. The hero of the story "Fear" Dmitry Petrovich Silin is afraid of everything. According to the author of the story, he is "sick with a fear of life." The hero, according to Chekhov, is frightened by the incomprehensible and incomprehensible. For example, Silin is afraid of terrible events, catastrophes and the most ordinary events. He is afraid of life itself. Everything that is incomprehensible in the world around him is a threat to him. He reflects and tries to find answers to his questions about the meaning of life and human existence. He is convinced that people understand what they see and hear, and he poisons himself daily with his own fear. The hero of the story is trying to hide and retire all the time. He seems to be running away from life: he leaves the service in St. Petersburg due to the fact that he experiences feelings of fear and dread, and decides to live alone in his estate. And then he receives a second strong blow when his wife and friend betray him. When he finds out about the betrayal, fear drives him out of the house: "His hands were trembling, he was in a hurry and looked back at the house, probably he was scared." It is not surprising that the hero of the story compares himself to a newborn midge, whose life consists of nothing but horrors.
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In the story "Ward No. 6" the theme of fear also comes to the fore. The hero of the story, Andrei Efimovich, is afraid of everything and everyone. Most of all he is wary of reality. Nature itself looks terrible to him. The most ordinary things and objects seem frightening: “This is reality!” Thought Andrey Efimovich. The moon, and the prison, and the nails on the fence, and the distant flame in the bone-cutting factory were scary. The fear of the incomprehensibility of life is presented in the story "The Man in the Case". This fear makes the hero move away from reality. The hero of the story, Belikov, is always trying to "hide from life" in a case. His case is made of circulars and prescriptions, which he constantly monitors. His fear is vague. He is afraid of everything and yet nothing concrete. The most hateful thing for him is non-compliance with the rules and deviation from the rules. Even insignificant trifles plunge Belikov into mystical horror. "Reality irritated him, frightened him, kept him in constant anxiety, and, perhaps, in order to justify this timidity, his disgust for the present, he always praised the past and that which had never happened; and the ancient languages that he taught , were for him, in essence, the same galoshes and an umbrella, where he hid from real life. " If Silin, out of fear of life, tries to hide in his estate, then Belikov's fear of life forces him to hide in a case of rules and strict laws and, in the end, hide forever underground.
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The story of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin "The Wise Gudgeon". Before the reader flies through the life of a minnow, simple in its structure, based on fear of the potential dangers of the world order. The hero's father and mother lived a long life and died a natural death. And before leaving to another world, they bequeathed to their son to be careful, since all the inhabitants of the water world, and even a person, at any moment can destroy him. The young gudgeon has mastered the science of his parents so well that he literally imprisoned himself in an underwater hole. He came out of it only at night, when everyone was asleep, was malnourished and "trembled" around the clock - just not to be grabbed! In this fear, he lived for 100 years, really outliving his relatives, although he was a small fish that anyone can swallow. And in this sense, his life was a success. His other dream also came true - to live so that no one would ever know about the existence of the wise gudgeon. Before dying, the hero thinks about what would happen if all fish lived the same way as he does. And he sees: the genus of minnows would cease! Every opportunity passed by him - to make friends, create a family, raise children and pass on to them his life experience. He clearly realizes this before his death and, deep in thought, falls asleep, and then involuntarily violates the boundaries of his burrow: "his snout" from the burrow is shown outside. And then there is room for the reader's imagination, because the author does not tell what happened to the hero, but only states that he suddenly disappeared. There were no eyewitnesses to this incident, so not only was the gudgeon attained the task of at least living imperceptibly, but also the "super task" - to disappear just as unnoticed. The author with bitterness sums up the life of his hero: "Lived - trembled, and died - trembled"
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Anxiety and caring for loved ones often help courageous people. The little boy from the story of A.I. Kuprin "White Poodle". In the story, all the most important events are associated with the white poodle Artaud. The dog is one of the artists of the traveling troupe. Grandpa Lodyzhkin appreciates him very much and says about the dog: "He feeds, gives water and dresses us two." It is with the help of the image of a poodle that the author reveals human feelings and relationships. Grandpa and Seryozha love Artoshka and treat him like a friend and family member. That is why they do not agree to sell their favorite dog for any money. But Trilli's mother thinks: "Everything is sold, what is bought." When her spoiled son wanted a dog, she offered the artists fabulous money and did not even want to listen that the dog was not for sale. When they couldn't buy Artaud, they decided to steal him. Here, when grandfather Lodyzhkin showed weakness, Seryozha shows determination and goes to a brave act worthy of an adult: to return the dog by all means. Risking his life, almost getting caught by the janitor, he frees his friend.
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True courage, courage in war can be shown not only by a soldier, a warrior, but also by an ordinary person, by the forces of circumstances involved in a terrible cycle of events. Such a story of a simple woman is described in the novel by V.A. Zakrutkin "Human Mother". In September 1941, Hitler's troops advanced deep into Soviet territory. Many regions of Ukraine and Belarus were occupied. Remained on the territory occupied by the Germans and lost in the steppes of the farm, where the young woman Maria, her husband Ivan and their son Vasyatka lived happily. Having seized the previously peaceful and abundant land, the Nazis ruined everything, burned down the farm, drove people to Germany, and Ivan and Vasyatka were hanged. Maria alone managed to escape. Lonely, she had to fight for her life and for the life of her unborn child
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V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" emphasizes the problem of genuine and imaginary courage and heroism, which is the essence of the storyline of the work. The main characters of the story - Sotnikov and Rybak - behaved differently under the same circumstances. The fisherman, being cowardly, agreed to join the police, hoping to return to the partisan detachment at an opportunity. Sotnikov chooses a heroic death, because he is a man with a heightened sense of responsibility, duty, the ability not to think about himself, about his own destiny when the fate of the Motherland is being decided. The death of Sotnikov became his moral triumph: "And if anything else worried him in life, it was his last duties in relation to people." The fisherman, on the other hand, discovered shameful cowardice, cowardice, and for the sake of his own salvation agreed to become a policeman: "Now there is an opportunity to live - this is the main thing. Everything else - then"
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Courage and cowardice are themes that have long been raised in literary works (recall the greatest monument of ancient Russian literature "The Lay of Igor's Host"). The relevance of these topics is due to the fact that these qualities are inherent in every person, and in a situation of choice, he manifests himself either as brave and strong-willed, or as a coward who does not want to decide anything, putting everything on other people's shoulders. The relevance of these concepts for each person is confirmed by the abundance of proverbs and sayings dedicated to cowardice and courage, aphorisms and catchphrases.
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All the arguments for the final essay in the direction of "Courage and cowardice". Does it take courage to say no?
Some people are shy. Such people very often do not know how to refuse, which is what others use. The heroine of the story by A.P. Chekhov "". Yulia Vasilievna works as a governess for the storyteller. She is characterized by shyness, but this quality of her reaches the point of absurdity. Even when she is openly oppressed, unfairly deprived of earned money, she is silent, because her character does not allow her to fight back and say "no." The heroine's behavior shows us that courage is needed not only in emergency situations, but also in everyday life, when you need to stand up for yourself.
How is courage manifested in war?
Extreme conditions, as a rule, reveal the true essence of a person. Confirmation of this can be found in the story of M.A. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man". During the war, Andrei Sokolov was captured by the Germans, he was starved to death, kept in a punishment cell for attempting to escape, but he did not lose his human dignity, did not behave like a coward. Indicative is the situation when, for careless words, the camp commandant summoned him to his office to shoot him. But Sokolov did not renounce his words, did not show the German soldiers his fear. He was ready to meet death with dignity, for this he was spared his life. However, after the war, a more serious test awaited him: he learned that his wife and daughters had died, and only a crater remained in the place of the house. His son survived, but his father's happiness was short-lived: on the last day of the war, Anatoly was killed by a sniper. Despair did not break his spirit, he found the courage to continue life. He adopted a boy who also lost his entire family during the war. Thus, Andrei Sokolov shows a wonderful example of how to preserve dignity, honor and remain courageous in the most difficult life situations. Such people make the world a better and kinder place.
How is courage manifested in war? What kind of person is brave?
War is a terrible event in the life of any person. She takes away friends and loved ones, makes children orphans, destroys hopes. War breaks some people, makes others stronger. A striking example of a courageous strong-willed personality is Alexey Meresiev, the main character of BN's Tale of a Real Man. Field. All his life, Meresiev, who dreamed of becoming a professional fighter pilot, was seriously wounded in battle, and both legs were amputated in the hospital. It seems to the hero that his life is over, he cannot fly, walk, and is deprived of the hope of creating a family. Being in a military hospital and seeing an example of the courage of other wounded, he understands that he must fight. Every day, overcoming physical pain, Alexey does exercises. Soon he can already walk and even dance. With all his might, Meresiev is trying to achieve admission to the flight school, because only in the sky does he feel in his place. Despite the serious requirements for the pilots, Alexei receives a positive response. The girl he loves does not abandon him: after the war, they get married, and they have a son. Alexey Meresiev is an example of a man with an unbending will, whose courage even war could not break.
“In battle, those are most exposed to danger, who are most possessed by fear; courage is like a wall. " Crisp
Do you agree with L. Lagerlöf's statement: "More soldiers always die while fleeing than in battle."
In the epic novel War and Peace, you can find many examples of human behavior in war. Thus, officer Zherkov manifests himself as a person who is not ready to sacrifice himself for the sake of victory. During the Shengraben battle, he shows cowardice, which leads to the death of many soldiers. By order of Bagration, he must go to the left flank with a very important message - an order to retreat. However, Zherkov is cowardly and does not convey the message. At this time, the French attacked the left flank, and the authorities did not know what to do, because they did not receive any orders. Chaos begins: the infantry flees into the forest, and the hussars go on the attack. Because of Zherkov's actions, a huge number of soldiers die. During this battle, young Nikolai Rostov is wounded, he, together with the hussars, boldly rushes into the attack, while the other soldiers are in confusion. Unlike Zherkov, he did not shy away, for which he was promoted to officer. On the example of one episode in the work, we can see the consequences of bravery and cowardice in war. Fear paralyzes some and forces others to act. Escaping and fighting do not guarantee life-saving, but courageous behavior not only preserves honor, but also gives strength in battle, which increases the chances of survival.
How are courage and self-confidence related? Courage to admit wrong. What is the difference between true and false courage? What's the difference between courage and risk-taking? Do you need to have the courage to admit your mistakes? Who can be called a coward?
Courage, expressed in overconfidence, can lead to irreparable consequences. It is generally accepted that courage is a positive quality of character. This statement is true if it is associated with intelligence. but a fool is sometimes dangerous. Thus, in the novel "A Hero of Our Time" M.Yu. Lermontov, one can find confirmation of this. Young cadet Grushnitsky, one of the characters in the chapter "Princess Mary", is an example of a person who pays great attention to outward manifestations of courage. He loves to have an effect on people, speaks in pompous phrases and pays excessive attention to his military uniform. He cannot be called a coward, but his bravery is ostentatious, not aimed at real threats. Grushnitsky and Pechorin have a conflict, and offended pride requires a duel with Grigory. However, Grushnitsky decides on meanness and does not load the enemy's pistol. Upon learning of this, it puts him in a difficult situation: to ask for forgiveness or to be killed. Unfortunately, the cadet cannot defeat his pride, he is ready to bravely meet death, because recognition is unthinkable for him. His "courage" is of no use to anyone. He dies because he does not realize that the courage to admit his mistakes is sometimes the most important thing.
How are the concepts of courage and riskiness, self-confidence, stupidity related? What is the difference between audacity and audacity?
Another character whose daring was foolish is Azamat, Bela's younger brother. He is not afraid of risk and bullets whistling over his head, but his courage is stupid, even fatal. He steals his sister from home, risking not only his relationship with his father and his safety, but also Bela's happiness. His courage is not aimed either at self-defense or at saving lives, therefore it leads to sad consequences: his father and sister die at the hands of a robber from whom he stole a horse, and he himself is forced to flee to the mountains. Thus, courage can lead to dire consequences if it is used by a person to achieve goals or protect their ego.
Courage in love. Can love inspire people to feats?
Love inspires people to great deeds. Thus, the main characters of O. Henry's story "" showed an example of courage to the readers. For the sake of love, they sacrificed the most precious: Della gave her beautiful hair, and Jim - the watch he inherited from his father. In order to realize what is really important in life, it takes great courage. It takes even more courage to sacrifice for the sake of a loved one.
Can a brave person be afraid? Why shouldn't you be afraid to confess your feelings? Why is indecision in love dangerous?
A. Maurois in his story "" shows the readers why indecision in love is dangerous. The protagonist of the story, Andre, falls in love with an actress named Jenny. He wears violets for her every Wednesday, but does not even dare to approach her. Passion seethes in his soul, the walls of his room are hung with portraits of his beloved, but in real life he cannot even write a letter to her. The reason for this behavior lies in his fear of rejection, as well as in self-doubt. He considers his passion for the actress "hopeless" and elevates Jenny to an unattainable ideal. However, this person cannot be called a "coward". A plan arises in his head: to go to war in order to accomplish a feat that will bring him closer to Jenny. Unfortunately, there he dies, never having time to tell her about his feelings. After his death, Jenny learns from his father that he wrote many letters, but never sent a single one. If Andre had come closer to her at least once, he would have learned that for her "modesty, constancy and nobility are better than any feat." This example proves that indecision in love is dangerous because it prevents a person from becoming happy. It is likely that Andre's courage could make two people happy, and no one would have to mourn an unnecessary feat that never brought him closer to his main goal.
What actions can be called courageous? What is the physician's feat? Why is it important to be bold in life? What does it mean to be bold in everyday life?
Doctor Dymov is a noble man who has chosen to serve people as his profession. Only indifference to others, their troubles and illnesses can serve as the reason for such a choice. Despite the hardships in family life, Dymov thinks about patients more than about himself. His dedication to work often threatens him with dangers, so he dies saving the boy from diphtheria. He manifests himself as a hero, doing what he was not obliged to do. His courage, loyalty to his profession and duty do not allow him to do otherwise. To be a doctor with a capital letter, you need to be courageous and decisive, such as Osip Ivanovich Dymov.
What does cowardice lead to? What actions does cowardice push a person to? What is the danger of cowardice? What is the difference between fear and cowardice? Who can be called a coward? Can a brave person be afraid? Can we say that there is only one step from fear to cowardice? Is cowardice a sentence? How do extreme conditions affect courage? Why is it important to have courage when making your decisions? Can cowardice hinder the development of personality? Do you agree with Diderot's assertion: "We consider a coward the one who allowed his friend to be insulted in his presence"? Do you agree with Confucius's statement: "Cowardice is to know what to do and not to do it"
It's hard to be brave all the time. Sometimes even strong and honest people with high moral principles can get scared, as, for example, the hero of the story V.V. Zheleznikova Dima Somov. Traits of his character, such as "courage", "correctness" set him apart from other guys from the very beginning, he appears before readers as a hero who does not allow offending the weak, protects animals, strives for independence and loves work. During the campaign, Dima saves Lena from her classmates, who began to frighten her by putting on the "muzzles" of animals. It is for this reason that Lenochka Bessoltseva falls in love with him.
But over time, we see the moral decline of the "hero" Dima. At first, he is frightened by the problem with his classmate's brother and violates his principle. He does not tell that his classmate Valya is a zhivoder because he is afraid of his brother. But the next act showed a completely different side of Dima Somov. He deliberately allowed the whole class to think about what Lena had told the teacher about the disruption of the lesson, even though he did it himself. The reason for this act was cowardice. Further, Dima Somov plunges deeper and deeper into the abyss of fear. Even when Lena was declared a boycott, they mocked her, Somov could not confess, although he got a lot of chances. This hero was paralyzed by fear, turning him from a “hero” into an ordinary “coward”, devalued all his positive qualities.
This hero shows us another truth: we are all woven from contradictions. Once we are brave, sometimes we are afraid. But there is a huge gap between fear and cowardice. Cowardice is not useful, it is dangerous, because it pushes a person to do bad things, awakens base instincts. And fear is something that is inherent in everyone. A person who performs a feat may be afraid. Heroes are afraid, ordinary people are afraid, and this is normal, fear itself is a condition for the survival of the species. But cowardice is an already formed character trait.
What does it mean to be bold? How does courage shape personality? In what situations in life is courage best shown? What is real courage? What actions can be called courageous? Courage is resistance to fear, not lack of it. Can a brave person be afraid?
Lena Bessoltseva is one of the most powerful characters in Russian literature. In her example, we can see the huge gap between fear and cowardice. This is a little girl who finds herself in an unfair situation. She is inherent in fear: she is afraid of the cruelty of children, she is afraid of stuffed animals at night. But in fact, she turns out to be the most courageous of all the heroes, because she is able to intercede for those who are weaker, she is not afraid of universal condemnation, she is not afraid to be special, not like those around her. Lena proves her courage many times, for example, when she rushes to help Dima, when he is in danger, even though he betrayed her. Her example taught a whole class to do good, showed that everything in the world is not always decided by force. “And longing, such a desperate longing for human purity, for disinterested courage and nobility, more and more captured their hearts and demanded a way out.”
Do I need to defend the truth, fight for justice? Do you agree with Diderot's assertion: "We consider a coward the one who allowed his friend to be insulted in his presence"? Why is it important to have the courage to stand up for your ideals? Why are people afraid to voice their opinions? Do you agree with Confucius's statement: "Cowardice is to know what to do and not to do it"
It takes courage to fight injustice. The hero of the story, Vasiliev, saw injustice, but due to weakness of character, he could not resist the team and its leader, the Iron Button. This hero tries not to offend Lena Bessoltseva, refuses to beat her, but at the same time tries to maintain neutrality. Vasiliev tries to protect Lena, but he lacks character and courage. On the one hand, there is still hope that this character will improve. Perhaps the example of the brave Lena Bessoltseva will help him to overcome fears and teach him to defend the truth, even if everyone around is against it. On the other hand, Vasiliev's behavior and what his inaction led to, teaches us that we cannot stand aside if you understand that injustice is taking place. Vasiliev's tacit consent is instructive, since many of us are faced with similar situations in life. But there is a question that every person should ask himself before making a choice: is there anything worse than knowing about injustice, being a witness to it and just being silent? Courage, like cowardice, is a matter of choice.
Do you agree with the statement: “You can never live happily when you tremble with fear all the time”? How is suspiciousness related to cowardice? Why is fear dangerous? Can fear prevent a person from living? How do you understand the statement of Helvetius: "To be completely devoid of courage, one must be completely devoid of desires"? How do you understand the fixed expression: "fear has big eyes"? Can it be argued that a person is afraid of what he does not know? How do you understand Shakespeare's statement: "Cowards die many times before they die, the brave only die once"?
"The Wise Piskar" is a cautionary tale about how fear is dangerous. Piskar lived and trembled all his life. He considered himself very smart, because he made a cave in which he could be safe, but the downside of this existence was the complete absence of real life. He did not create a family, did not make friends, did not breathe deeply, did not eat his fill, did not live, only sat in his hole. He sometimes wondered if there was any benefit from his existence, he realized that there was no, but fear did not allow him to leave his comfort and safety zone. So Piskar died, not knowing any joy in life. In this instructive allegory, many people can see themselves. This tale teaches us not to be afraid of life. Yes, it is full of dangers and disappointments, but if you are afraid of everything, then when should you live?
Do you agree with Plutarch's words: “Courage is the beginning of victory”? Is it important to be able to overcome your fears? Why do you need to fight fears? What does it mean to be brave? Can you cultivate courage? Do you agree with Balzac's statement: "Fear can make a daredevil timid, but it gives courage to indecisive"? Can a brave person be afraid?
The problem of overcoming fear is also revealed in the novel by Veronica Roth "Divergent". Beatrice Pryor, the main character of the story, leaves her home, the Forsaken faction, to become Fearless. She is afraid of the reaction of her parents, she is afraid of not going through the initiation ceremony, of being rejected in a new place. But her main strength lies in the fact that she challenges all her fears, looks them in the face. Tris puts herself in great danger while in the company of the Dauntless, because she is "different", such as she is being destroyed. This terribly scares her, but she is much more afraid of herself. She does not understand the nature of her difference from others, she is frightened by the thought that her very existence can be dangerous for people.
Fighting fears is one of the key issues in the novel. So, beloved Beatrice's name is Fore, translated from English it means "four". It is precisely this amount of fears that he needs to overcome. Tris and Faure fearlessly fight for their lives, for justice, for peace in the city they call home. They defeat both external enemies and internal ones, which undoubtedly characterizes them as brave people.
Do you need courage in love? Do you agree with Russell's statement: “To be afraid of love is to be afraid of life, and to be afraid of life is to be two-thirds dead”?
A.I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet"
Georgy Zheltkov is a minor official whose life is devoted to unrequited love for Princess Vera. As you know, his love arose long before her marriage, but he preferred to write letters to her, pursued her. The reason for this behavior lay in his self-doubt and fear of rejection. Perhaps, if he were bolder, he could become happy with the woman he loves.
Can a person be afraid of happiness? Do you need to have courage to change your life? Do I need to take risks?
Vera Sheina was afraid to be happy and wanted a calm marriage, without shocks, so she married the cheerful and pretty Vasily, with whom everything was very simple, but she did not experience great love. Only after the death of her admirer, looking at his dead body, Vera realized that the love that every woman dreams of had passed her by. The moral of this story is this: you need to be brave not only in everyday life, but also in love, you need to take risks without fear of being rejected. Only courage can lead to happiness, cowardice and, as a result, conformism, leads to great disappointment, as happened with Vera Sheina.
How do you understand Twain's statement: “Courage is resistance to fear, not its absence?” How is willpower related to courage? Do you agree with Plutarch's words: “Courage is the beginning of victory”? Is it important to be able to overcome your fears? Why do you need to fight fears? What does it mean to be brave? Can you cultivate courage? Do you agree with Balzac's statement: "Fear can make a daredevil timid, but it gives courage to indecisive"? Can a brave person be afraid?
Numerous writers have taken up this topic. Thus, E. Ilyina's story "The Fourth Height" is dedicated to overcoming fears. Gulya Koroleva is an example of courage in all its manifestations. Her whole life is a battle with fear, and each of her victories is a new height. In the work we see the history of the life of one person, the formation of a real personality. Every step she takes is a manifesto of determination. From the very first lines of the story, little Gulya shows real courage in a variety of life situations. Overcoming childhood fears, he takes a snake out of the box with his bare hands, sneaks into the cage from the elephants in the zoo. The heroine grows, and the trials encountered in life become more serious: the first role in a movie, admitting one’s wrong, the ability to take responsibility for one's actions. Throughout the entire work, she fights with her fears, does what she is afraid of. Already an adult Gulya Koroleva is getting married, she has a son, it seems that fears have been defeated, you can live a calm family life, but the biggest test awaits her. The war breaks out, and her husband goes to the front. She is afraid for her husband, for her son, for the future of the country. But fear does not paralyze her, does not force her to hide. The girl goes to work as a nurse in the hospital in order to somehow help. Unfortunately, her husband dies and Gulya is forced to continue fighting alone. She goes to the front, unable to look at the horrors happening to her loved ones. The heroine takes the fourth height, she dies, having defeated the very last fear that lives in a person, the fear of death. On the pages of the story, we see how the main character is afraid, but she overcomes all her fears, such a person can undoubtedly be called a brave man.
Courage and fearfulness are moral categories associated with the spiritual side of the individual. They are an indicator of human dignity, demonstrate weakness, or, on the contrary, strength of character, which manifests itself in difficult life situations. Our history is rich in such vicissitudes, therefore arguments in the direction of "Courage and cowardice" for the final essay are presented in abundance in Russian classics. Examples from Russian literature will help the reader understand how and where courage manifests itself and fear creeps out.
- In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace", one of such situations is war, which confronts the heroes with a choice: to succumb to fear and save their own lives, or, disdaining the danger, to keep the fortitude. Andrei Bolkonsky in battle shows remarkable courage, the first to rush into battle to cheer up the soldiers. He knows that he may die in battle, but the fear of death does not frighten him. Fyodor Dolokhov is also fighting desperately in the war. The feeling of fear is foreign to him. He knows that a brave soldier can influence the outcome of a battle, so he bravely rushes into battle, despising
cowardice. But the young cornet Zherkov gives in to fear and refuses to hand over the order to retreat. The letter, which was never delivered to them, becomes the cause of the death of many soldiers. The price for showing cowardice turns out to be prohibitively high. - Courage conquers time and perpetuates names. Cowardice is a shameful stain on the pages of history and literature.
In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" an example of courage and courage is the image of Pyotr Grinev. At the cost of his life, he is ready to defend the Belogorsk fortress under the onslaught of Pugachev, and the fear of death is alien to the hero at the moment of danger. A heightened sense of justice and duty does not allow him to flee or refuse the oath. Shvabrin, awkward and shallow in his motives, is presented in the novel as the antipode of Grinev. He goes over to the side of Pugachev, committing betrayal. He is driven by fear for his own life, while the fates of other people mean nothing to Shvabrin, who is ready to save himself by exposing another under attack. His image entered the history of Russian literature as one of the archetypes of cowardice. - War reveals hidden human fears, the oldest of which is the fear of death. In V. Bykov's story "Crane Cry" the heroes face a seemingly impossible task: to detain the German troops. Each of them understands that it is possible to fulfill the duty only at the cost of his own life. Everyone must decide for himself what is more important for him: to avoid death or to execute an order. Pshenichny believes that life is more precious than a ghostly victory, so he is ready to surrender in advance. He decides that surrendering to the Germans is much wiser than risking his life in vain. Ovseev agrees with him. He regrets that he did not have time to escape before the arrival of German troops, and most of the battle sits in a trench. In the next attack, he makes a cowardly attempt to escape, but Glechik shoots at him, not allowing him to escape. Glechik himself is no longer afraid to die. It seems to him that only now, in a moment of complete despair, he felt responsible for the outcome of the battle. The fear of death for him is small and insignificant, in comparison with the thought that by flight he can betray the memory of his lost comrades. This is the true heroism and fearlessness of a hero doomed to death.
- Vasily Tyorkin is another archetype hero who went down in literary history as an image of a brave, cheerful and gallant soldier who goes into battle with a smile on his lips. But he attracts the reader not so much with feigned fun and well-aimed jokes, as with genuine heroism, courage and staunchness. The image of Tyorkin was created by Tvardovsky as a joke, however, the author depicts the war in a poem without embellishment. Against the background of military realities, the unpretentious and such captivating image of the soldier Tyorkin becomes the people's embodiment of the ideal of a real soldier. Of course, the hero is afraid of death, dreams of family comfort, but he knows for sure that the defense of the Fatherland is his main duty. Duty to the Motherland, to the fallen comrades and to oneself.
- In the story "Coward" V.M. Garshin deduces the characterization of the character in the title, thereby, as it were, assessing it in advance, hinting at the further course of the narrative. “The war is definitely not giving me peace,” the hero writes in his notes. He is afraid that he will be taken as a soldier and does not want to go to war. It seems to him that millions of ruined human lives cannot be justified by a great purpose. However, in reflecting on his own fear, he comes to the conclusion that he can hardly accuse himself of cowardice. He is sickened by the idea of taking advantage of influential acquaintances and avoiding war. An inner sense of truth does not allow him to resort to such a petty and unworthy means. “You can't run away from a bullet,” the hero says before dying, thereby accepting it, realizing his involvement in the ongoing battle. His heroism lies in the voluntary refusal of cowardice, in the impossibility of doing otherwise.
- "And the dawns here are quiet ..." B. Vasiliev - the book is not about cowardice. On the contrary, about incredible, superhuman courage. Moreover, her heroes prove that war can have a woman's face, and courage is not only a man's destiny. Five young girls are fighting an unequal battle with a German squad, a battle from which they will hardly come out alive. Each of them understands this, but not one stops at death and with obedience goes to meet her in order to fulfill her duty. All of them - Liza Brichkina, Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak - are killed by the Germans. However, there is not a shadow of a doubt in their silent feat. They know for sure that there can be no other choice. Their faith is unshakable, and their perseverance and courage are examples of true heroism, direct proof that human capabilities have no limits.
- "Am I a trembling creature or do I have a right?" - asks Rodion Raskolnikov, confident that he is more likely the second than the first. However, according to the incomprehensible irony of life, everything turns out to be exactly the opposite. The soul of Raskolnikov turns out to be cowardly, despite the fact that he found the strength to commit murder. In an attempt to rise above the masses, he loses himself and crosses the moral line. Dostoevsky in the novel emphasizes that it is very easy to embark on the false path of self-deception, but to overcome fear in oneself and bear the punishment, which Raskolnikov is so afraid of, is necessary for the spiritual purification of the hero. Sonia Marmeladova comes to the aid of Rodion, who lives in constant fear for what he has done. Despite all her external fragility, the heroine has a persistent character. She instills confidence and courage in the hero, helps him overcome cowardice, and is even ready to share Raskolnikov's punishment in order to save his soul. Both heroes are struggling with fate and circumstances, this shows their strength and courage.
- "The Fate of a Man" by M. Sholokhov is another book about courage and courage, the hero of which is an ordinary soldier Andrei Sokolov, whose fate is devoted to the pages of the book. The war forced him to leave home and go to the front to pass the tests of fear and death. In battle, Andrei is honest and brave, like many soldiers. He is faithful to duty, for which he is ready to pay even with his own life. Stunned by a war shell, Sokolov sees the approaching Germans, but does not want to flee, deciding that the last minutes must be spent with dignity. He refuses to obey the invaders, his courage impresses even the German commandant, who sees in him a worthy enemy and a valiant soldier. Fate is merciless to the hero: he loses in the war the most precious thing - a loving wife and children. But, in spite of the tragedy, Sokolov remains a man, lives according to the laws of conscience, according to the laws of a brave human heart.
- V. Aksyonov's novel "The Moscow Saga" is dedicated to the history of the Gradov family, who devoted their entire life to serving the Fatherland. This is a trilogy novel, which is a description of the life of an entire dynasty, closely related by family ties. The heroes are ready to sacrifice a lot for the happiness and well-being of each other. In desperate attempts to save loved ones, they show remarkable courage, the call of conscience and duty for them is defining, guiding all their decisions and actions. Each of the heroes is brave in his own way. Nikita Gradov heroically defends his homeland. He receives the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. The hero is uncompromising in his decisions; several military operations are successfully carried out under his leadership. The adopted son of the Gradovs, Mitya, also goes to war. Creating heroes, immersing them in an atmosphere of constant anxiety, Aksenov shows that courage is the lot not only of an individual person, but also of an entire generation brought up in respect of family values and moral duty.
- Feats are an eternal theme in literature. Cowardice and courage, their confrontation, numerous victories of one over the other, and now become the subject of controversy and searches for modern writers.
One of these authors is the famous British writer J.K. Rowling and her world-famous hero, Harry Potter. Her series of novels about a wizard boy won the hearts of young readers with the fantastic plot and, of course, the courage of the heart of the central character. Each of the books is a story of the struggle between good and evil, in which the first always wins, thanks to the courage of Harry and his friends. In the face of danger, each of them maintains steadfastness and faith in the ultimate triumph of good, which, according to a happy tradition, the winners are rewarded for courage and courage. Interesting? Keep it on your wall!
Courage. What it is? I think that courage is decisiveness in thoughts and deeds, the ability to stand up for yourself and for other people who need your help, overcoming all kinds of fears: for example, fear of the dark, of someone else's brute force, of life's obstacles and difficulties. Is it easy to be bold? Not easy. Probably, this quality should be brought up from childhood. Overcoming your fears, going forward despite difficulties, developing willpower, not being afraid to defend your opinion - all this will help to cultivate such a quality as courage. Synonyms for the word "courage" - "courage", "decisiveness", "courage". The antonym is cowardice. Cowardice is one of the human vices. There are many things we fear in life, but fear and cowardice are not the same thing. I think that cowardice grows meanness. The cowardly will always hide in the shadows, stay away, fearing for his own life, betray in order to save himself.
The theme of courage and cowardice is also reflected in fiction, in particular in the works of the Russian writer Maxim Gorky.
"We sing glory to the madness of the brave!" - wrote M. Gorky in his "Song of the Falcon". This work is a hymn to courage and courage. In a battle with enemies, the Falcon received his mortal wounds, he is bleeding to death. Already, for whom the main thing is to be "warm and damp" does not understand what the sky, battle, real life, and not a miserable existence are. And Falcon, and in the last minutes of his life, does not think about pain and wounds, but about a bold flight in the sky, about a battle with the enemy. Courage lives in the hero of Gorky. The falcon does not want to die, lying on the stones, bleeding. On the advice of a snake, he approaches the edge of the cliff and throws himself down, making his last flight. "The madness of the brave is the wisdom of life!" - the author exclaims. Without the likes of Falcon, life would be dull and bleak.
In M. Gorky's story "The Old Woman Izergil" there is a legend about Danko. The image of his burning heart has long become a symbol of love for people, willingness to give his life for them. Danko's courage is manifested in the fact that he was not afraid to take responsibility for the lives of other people, before whom there was a choice: either to die, or to go through a dense forest to be saved. Danko stood at the head of these people. The path was difficult, many perished in the forest. And when they lost the faith that they would come out of the thicket, the brave Danko lit the way for them with his heart and led people out into freedom. But the writer speaks not only of courage. He talks about Danko's compatriots, who were afraid to die so as not to lose their traditions. I think they just got cold feet, scared of the enemies, and who needs the traditions of cowards. After all, they did not fight for their land, but left, giving it to the enemy. Gorky calls the one who stepped on Danko's heart a cautious person so that it does not shine on people anymore. I would call such a coward. A “cautious person” is afraid of the brave, because it’s easier to live without them.
In conclusion, I would like to say that this theme of the essay made me think about the role that courage and cowardice play in our life, how to cultivate the best human qualities, become brave and strong, and not be a coward.