Always be in the mood. Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin (Tolstoy, "Prisoner of the Caucasus") Caucasian prisoner Zhilin and Kostylin comparative

Teacher: Aratova G.B., MKOU Andreevskaya secondary school

Outline of the lesson of Russian literature in grade 5 (FSES)

Subject:« Comparative characteristics Zhilin and Kostylin"

Target: Give a comparison of the characters

Tasks:

1. Teach students how to create artistic image.

2. Develop the ability to compare literary heroes, to develop the speech activity of students, their imagination.

3. To educate a competent reader.

Technology: problem-based learning technology, interactive technology, elements of critical thinking development technology

During the classes:

Organizational stage

Checking homework

Homework - Write a story

Motivation for learning activities

1. Work on the epigraph

What historical event is depicted in the story? (Caucasian war)

(47 years old)

War is not a fairy tale about Ivan,

And we don't gold it...

Boris Pasternak.

Read the epigraph.

Why is war not a fairy tale?

What does "we don't gild her" mean?

Conclusion:

War is scary, painful, cruel; these are losses, death, crippled destinies, non-healing wounds.

War is the color of ashes, so we do not “golden” it, it cannot be embellished.

For many, war is a test of strength, endurance, and humanity.

What historical event is depicted in the story? (Caucasian war)

Caucasian War 1817 - 1864 (47 years old)- this is war Russian Empire with the mountain peoples of the North Caucasus (Chechens, Dagestanis, Ossetians, Tatars). What people are in the story? (about the Tatars).

The Caucasian war is the longest war.

The story features two officers. In your opinion, what qualities should an officer have? (the officer is not alien to the concepts of honor, conscience, dignity; he is a brave, courageous, brave person; he is devoted to his Fatherland).

Do you think both of our heroes have these qualities? Are they different from each other?

How would you describe the theme of our lesson? (Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin)

What is the purpose of our lesson? What should we learn in class? (Learn to compare heroes, understand how two heroes differ)

4. Work on new topic

a). Techniques for compiling the characteristics of heroes

(portrait, actions of the hero, behavior, characterization of the hero by others actors)

Methods for compiling the characteristics of literary heroes:

External features (portrait);

The actions of the hero, attitude towards other people, his feelings, speech;

Characteristics of the hero by other characters

b). Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin.

- Let's compare Zhilin and Kostylin.

Sometimes it takes years to understand a person, and we will try to learn the characters in a lesson. The task is not easy, but it is quite solvable.

To compare means to find common and difference in their character.

What common?

The officers served in the Caucasus, both were captured, both wrote a letter to send a ransom, participated in the escape.

Of course, these are not character traits, but events, but they will help us figure out who a real officer and a real person are.

Difference:

I . Portrait

Find the description of the characters in the text;

What character traits of the characters do we learn from the description of their appearance?

Zhilin - daring, brave, courageous.

Kostylin is a physically weak person.

Is it possible to limit yourself to this method only? (no, there may be an erroneous idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe hero).

II . "Talking" surname

Surname Zhilin - from the word vein (blood vessels, tendons). Our hero is a wiry man. How else can you say? (lean, strong, hardy).

Surname Kostylin - from the word crutch. What is a crutch? (a stick that serves as a support when walking lame or people with sore legs).

What is our hero? (weak).

III

- What decision does Zhilin make? Read out. What is characteristic of him? (decisiveness, courage, ability to resist the enemy; he is not from a timid dozen).

How is Kostylin behaving? Read out. What do you think of it? (violated the agreement - not to leave; behaves like a coward and a traitor).

IV . In captivity

1. ransom letter

Why did Zhilin indicate the wrong address in the letter? (he knew that his mother had no money)

Suppose he wrote a letter. Would a mother send money despite her poverty? Yes, because there is nothing in life higher and stronger than mother's love.

Zhilin is able to spare the feelings of people close and dear to him.

Kostylin wrote more than one letter, because he was a coward, he thought only of himself.

2. internal state heroes

During his stay in captivity, Zhilin meets a Tatar girl, Dina. This image is not random. "Dina" in Arabic means "faith".

What does Zhilin believe in? (in own forces, good luck; he is strong-willed.)

What does Kostylin believe in? (for ransom)

3. Hero Activities

needlework;

Explores the area as he thinks of escaping;

Communicates with Dina;

Treats the people of the village.

What can you say about it? (master, smart, cunning, resourceful; a man of action).

Kostylin:

Inactive and moaning.

Confirm what was said about the characters with text.

4. The opinion of the Tatars about the heroes.

Kostylin - "meek."

V . The escape

Tell about it.

How did the heroes behave?

5. Application of knowledge

Fill in the table "Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin"

Kostylin

General

The officers served in the Caucasus, both were captured, both wrote a letter to send a ransom, participated in the escape.

Difference

I . Portrait

Daring, hardy, courageous.

Physically weak.

II . "Talking" surname

Veins - blood vessels, tendons.

A wiry, hardy, strong person.

A crutch is a stick, a support when walking for the lame or people with sore legs.

Weak person.

III . The behavior of the heroes during the attack of the Tatars

Not from the timid, brave, resolute, able to resist the enemy.

Broke an agreement - not to disperse; behaves like a coward and a traitor).

IV . In captivity

1. Letter of ransom

Able to spare the feelings of people close and dear to him.

1. Letter of ransom

Coward, thinks only of himself.

2. Internal state

Strong in spirit, believes in luck, his own strength.

1. Internal state

Mentally weak, believes in ransom.

3. Classes

Master, smart, cunning, resourceful; business man .

3. Classes

Inactive, moaning.

4. The opinion of the Tatars about Zhilina

Zhilin won the respect of children and adults: "Korosh Urus", "dzhigit".

4. The opinion of the Tatars about Kostylin

Kostylin - "meek."

V . The escape

Zhilin shows will, courage, resourcefulness, steadfastness, actively fights.

Kostylin is a burden; suffers, shows selfishness, weakness.

6. Information about homework

1. Make a syncwine in groups (group 1 - Zhilin, group 2 - Kostylin)

2. Imagine that you invited Zhilin and Kostylin to the lesson as participants in the Caucasian War. What could they tell you? What would you ask them?

7. Summing up the lesson. Reflection

1. Significance of the topic

Is it necessary to learn to determine the qualities of a person's character, or can you do without it in life?

It is necessary in life to:

Distinguish between good and evil, love and hate, courage and cowardice;

Make the right choice of friends;

Understand the inner world of a person.

In the work of Leo Tolstoy, the whole story is built around two heroes. They are both officers, serving in the Caucasus. As you know, this place has a heavy atmosphere. Mountaineers allow themselves whatever they want. They easily kidnap people and then demand a ransom for them. Our officers were no exception, during the journey they met mountaineers.

The first officer is Zhilin, the second is Kostylin. The author did not accidentally give his heroes such names. Zhilin is distinguished by fortitude, perseverance, courage and inflexibility. Kostylin is a weak person, incapable of anything. He can only complain and lament. Instead of thinking about how to solve the problem, he only exacerbates it.

On the way, the highlanders attacked the officers. Zhilin fought back to the last. He had no weapons, but he fought to the end. Kostylin immediately turned back, he was immediately seized. Both heroes were captured. It is noteworthy that the heroes went on vacation with different goals. Zhilin went to his mother, and Kostylin simply decided to take a break from the service.

The days in captivity became a real test for both prisoners. While Kostylin whined and counted the days until his release, Zhilin was looking for options. He very carefully observed the life of the Tatars, made friends with some, learned to make different things. Thanks to his courage and observation, Zhilin was able to seize the moment and arranged an escape. After all, he could run himself and then everything would be successful, but no. The hero does not leave his comrade and takes him with him. Because of Kostylin, captives are discovered, caught, and they find themselves in the worst conditions, now they are sitting in a pit.

In captivity, the highlanders force the officers to write a ransom letter. Kostylin immediately writes the whole truth to the family. He expects a wealthy family to pull him out. Zhilin has no one to ask for money. The hero does not want to injure the poor mother, so he indicates the wrong address on the letter. This action is repeated twice.

Zhilin remembers that no one will help him except himself. Therefore, he is full of strength and determination to make a second escape. After an unsuccessful attempt, Kostylin wilted even more and became seriously ill. Zhilin did not leave attempts to assess the environment and, at the first opportunity, got out to freedom. Kostylin refused to run a second time, and remained waiting for his release in the pit.

Zhilin is a confident and courageous person, accustomed to relying only on himself. Kostylin is an inert and weak-willed person. It's amazing how he became an officer with such a character. As a result, Zhilin was free, and Kostylin was waiting for a ransom from his family.

Essay 2

In his work, Lev Nikolayevich introduces the reader to the two main characters, they are officers. They serve in the Caucasus, there are other people and completely different rules. Two heroes are captured, the reaction to this situation is completely different. Each character has their own view of life and what is happening.

This work raises the theme of reaction different people for the same circumstance. This work is a reflection of the worldview of a single character. Both officers serve in the same regiment, which is located in the Caucasus. It has its own laws and completely different people. Zhilin and Kostylin go on vacation together.

The Tatars attacked the heroes shortly after leaving. This case instantly shows what the difference between the characters of the characters is. It is noteworthy that Kostylin had a weapon with him, but Zhilin did not. From the first minutes of the attack, Kostylin decides to return to the fortress. If he had courage, it was only when there were colleagues nearby. He was unable to fight alone.

Zhilin immediately acted differently, he was ready to fight to the death. There were many Tatars, Ivan had one checker, but this fact did not stop him. However, the Tatars knew how to do everything to twist the hero. A shot was fired at the horse, which helped capture Ivan.

Thus the officers became prisoners. The difference between the characters is manifested in all circumstances. After the heroes were imprisoned, Kostylin immediately began to lament and complain. He immediately wrote a letter home to be ransomed. He is very worried about the fact that life may soon end.

Zhilin has no one to rely on, at home he has a sick mother who has no money. And it's not in his rules. Ivan is confident that he can get out on his own. The hero wrote the wrong address, he will not scare his relatives.

Kostylin is constantly in a state of sleep and is counting down to release, because the ransom must be paid.

Zhilin is not sitting here idly by. He fixes broken things, makes toys for the kids, and takes the time to explore the area to get away.

Ivan has been slowly digging a tunnel for a month. As soon as he caught the opportunity, he immediately arranged an escape, taking a comrade with him.

However, because of Kostylin, the escape was thwarted. He could not escape, for this reason the officers were again caught. After that, the heroes were forced to write new letters, now they are in a hole.

After the incident, Kostylin finally gave up, he became seriously ill. Zhilin does not stop looking for ways to leave the ill-fated pit. Thanks to a girl named Dina, Zhilin was able to leave prison. His purposefulness, strength of will and spirit helped to achieve the goal. He did not succumb to panic and fear, acted reasonably, relying on a cold and calculating mind.

Zhilin is a hero worthy of the title of officer. You can always count on him. Kostylin showed himself as a weak and fearful person who thinks only of himself. It was for this reason that he remained in the pit and waited for his family to pull him out. He himself made no effort to free himself.

Comparison of Zhilin and Kostylin Grade 5

In his wonderful work, the author shows completely opposite characters in the person of Zhilin and Kostylin. It will tell an incredibly sincere and realistic story of how two heroes become comrades in misfortune, and it is also worth noting that the story is told in a fairly understandable and simple language. While serving in the Caucasus, both characters, who are nobles, were captured by the enemy, and this situation is seen in the context of completely opposite worldviews, as they choose completely different paths of behavior.

It is worth starting the description of the characters with their external data. Kostylin is a plump man who is overweight, and is often a very clumsy person. Unlike him, Zhilin is in excellent physical shape, he takes care of himself, and is a dexterous person in business and actions. Even the names of the characters speak for themselves, for example, it can be said about Zhilin that he is a person who is used to working and doing various things that led him to look good. All real essence characters is revealed in the moment associated with captivity. When Zhilin is offered to write a letter asking his relatives to prepare a ransom for his life, he refuses, because he does not want to put the lives of his relatives at risk. Unlike him, Kostylin scribbles many lines in which he asks for help without thinking about further consequences.

Being in such a difficult situation, the picture shows how the characters experience these difficulties prepared by life. Zhilin initially hopes that he will eventually be able to escape. However, he understands that it just won't work. And therefore, he tries to win over the locals, he helps them, and serves, gaining more and more trust and respect. He also treats a girl named Dina well, who, in the end, will help him escape. The author makes it so that in the course of the whole story, the reader is overcome by feelings of contempt for Kostylin, and on the contrary, a strong respect for Zhilin, who proves that only with the help of ingenuity, confidence and patience can the desired result be achieved. The work shows two completely opposite images, which show how much the worldview and characters of people can differ, and that the desire to quickly solve the problem is not always the right choice.

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Class: 5

Goals:

• Teach students how to create art.
• To develop the ability to compare literary characters, to develop the speech activity of students, their imagination.
• Cultivate a smart reader.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Work based on the work of L.N. Tolstoy " Prisoner of the Caucasus»

(Appendix 1 . slide 1)

1. Repetition of knowledge of literary theory

- We continue the conversation about the work of L.N. Tolstoy "Prisoner of the Caucasus".
Use literary terms and don't let yourself be confused.

- Is the "Prisoner of the Caucasus" a literary fairy tale? (No, this is a story, because this work is narrative, small in volume, united by a plot and consisting of several episodes)

- If this is a narrative work, then there is a personal narrative? (The narrative is impersonal, because the conversation in the Prisoner of the Caucasus is on behalf of the narrator)

- I believe that the work has no plot, only events are all around. What do you think? (There is a plot in the work. The plot is a chain of events)

Is the episode and the plot the same thing? (No, an episode is one event that has a beginning and an end)

What groups of characters are in the story? (Main, minor and episodic.)

- Name the main characters. (Zhilin, Kostylin and Dina.)

“Now look at the screen to see if you made a mistake.

(Appendix 1 . slide 2)

Story- a short narrative work, united by a plot and consisting of one or more episodes.
Plot is a chain of events that take place in a work.
Episode- one event that has a beginning and an end.

(Appendix 1 . slide 3)

Narration:

• Personal - on behalf of the hero-narrator;
• Impersonal - on behalf of the narrator.

(Appendix 1 . slide 4)

Characters:

• main;
• secondary;
• episodic.

– Do you agree with your answers? (Yes)

Answer scores...

2. Work on the epigraph

What historical event is depicted in the story? (Caucasian war)
Caucasian War 1817 - 1864 (47 years old)- this is a war of the Russian Empire with the mountain peoples of the North Caucasus (Chechens, Dagestanis, Ossetians, Tatars). What people are in the story? (About the Tatars).
The Caucasian war is the longest war.

War is not a fairy tale about Ivan,
And we don't gold it...

Boris Pasternak.

- Read the epigraph.
- Why is war not a fairy tale?
– What does “we don’t gild her” mean?

Conclusion:

War is scary, painful, cruel; these are losses, death, crippled destinies, non-healing wounds.
War is the color of ashes, so we do not “golden” it, it cannot be embellished.

- For many, war is a test of strength, endurance, humanity.
- The story depicts two officers.
- In your opinion, what qualities should an officer have? (The officer is not alien to the concepts of honor, conscience, dignity; he is a brave, courageous, brave person; he is devoted to his Fatherland).

3. Lesson topic

(Appendix 1 . slide 4)

a) Techniques for compiling the characteristics of heroes

(Appendix 1 . slide 3)

Methods for compiling the characteristics of literary heroes:

– external features (portrait);
- the actions of the hero, attitude towards other people, his feelings, speech;
- characterization of the hero by other characters

b) Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin.

– Let's compare Zhilin and Kostylin.
- Sometimes it takes years to understand a person, and you and I will try to learn the characters in a lesson. The task is not easy, but it is quite solvable.
To compare means to find common and difference in their character.

What common?

- Officers served in the Caucasus, both were captured, both wrote a letter to send a ransom, participated in the escape.
Of course, these are not character traits, but events, but they will help us figure out who a real officer and a real person are.

Difference:

Portrait

- Find the description of the characters in the text;
- What character traits of the characters do we learn from the description of their appearance?
Zhilin - daring, brave, courageous.
Kostylin is a physically weak person.
- Is it possible to limit ourselves to this technique only? (no, there may be an erroneous idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe hero).

"Talking" surname

- The author endowed Zhilin and Kostylin with "talking" surnames.
Surname Zhilin - from the word vein (blood vessels, tendons). Our hero is a wiry man. How else can you say? (Lean, strong, hardy).
Surname Kostylin - from the word crutch. What is a crutch? (A stick that serves as a support when walking lame or people with sore legs).
What is our hero? (Weak).

The behavior of the heroes during the attack of the Tatars

– What decision does Zhilin make? Read out. What is characteristic of him? (Determination, courage, ability to resist the enemy; he is not from a timid dozen).
- How does Kostylin behave? Read out. What do you think of it? (I violated the agreement - not to leave; behaves like a coward and a traitor).

In captivity

1. Letter of ransom

- Why did Zhilin indicate the wrong address in the letter? (He knew that mother had no money)
“Suppose he wrote a letter. Would a mother send money despite her poverty?
- Yes, because there is nothing in life higher and stronger than mother's love.
Zhilin is able to spare the feelings of people close and dear to him.
Kostylin wrote more than one letter, because he was a coward, he thought only of himself.

2. The internal state of the heroes
During his stay in captivity, Zhilin meets a Tatar girl, Dina. This image is not random. "Dina" in Arabic means "faith".
- What does Zhilin believe in? (in his own strength, in luck; he is strong in spirit.)
- What does Kostylin believe in? (for ransom)

3. Activities of heroes

Zhilin:
- Handicraft;
- Studying the area, as he thinks about escaping;
- Communicates with Dina;
- Treats the people of the village.

– What can you say about him? (Master, smart, cunning, resourceful; a man of action).

Kostylin:
- Inactive and groaning.
- Confirm what was said about the characters with text.

4. The opinion of the Tatars about the heroes.

Zhilin won the respect of children and adults: "Korosh Urus", "dzhigit".
Kostylin - "meek."

The escape

– Tell us about it.
How did the heroes behave?

Zhilin shows will, courage, resourcefulness, steadfastness, actively fights.
Kostylin is a burden; suffers, shows selfishness, weakness.

c) Creation of an oral statement "Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin"
using a table compiled in the course of work

d) Significance of the topic

- Is it necessary to learn to determine the qualities of a person's character, or can you do without it in life?

It is necessary in life to:

- distinguish between good and evil, love and hate, courage and cowardice;
- make the right choice of friends;
- understand the inner world of a person.

4. Homework:

1. Oral statement "Meeting with Zhilin and Kostylin"

- Imagine that you invited Zhilin and Kostylin to the lesson as participants in the Caucasian War.
What could they tell you?
What would you ask them?

Zhilin and Kostylin - the heroes of the story "Prisoner of the Caucasus" by L.N. Tolstoy. They are both Russian officers. They participate in the war for the annexation of the Caucasus to Russia. Zhilin received a letter from his mother, who asks to come to her before her death, to say goodbye. The loving son set out on the road almost without thought. However, it was impossible to go alone. They could catch and kill the Tatars. We drove in a group, but very slowly. Zhilin and Kostylin decided to go ahead alone. Zhilin was careful and prudent. After making sure that Kostylin had a loaded gun and a saber in his scabbard, he decided to climb the mountain and see if the Tatars were coming. As soon as he rode a horse to the top, he saw those whom he so did not want to see. Not far from him stood the Tatars, who noticed the officer. Zhilin was brave and, thinking that if he reached the gun (Kostylin had it), they would escape, shouted to Kostylin. But the cowardly officer was afraid for his life and ran away. committing a wicked act. Both officers were taken prisoner, where they met. The chief of the Tatars said that a ransom had to be paid in order to release them. (5000 rubles). Kostylin immediately wrote a letter home to send the money. And Zhilin said. that if they kill him they won’t get anything at all, he ordered to wait. He sent a letter to a different address. He felt sorry for his seriously ill mother, but they didn’t have such money. Zhilin had no other relatives. He thought. that he could escape. In captivity, Zhilin dug a tunnel at night, and during the day he made dolls for the girl Dina. In return, the girl brought him cakes and milk. Lazy Kostylin did nothing all day, and slept at night. And then the day came. when everything was ready to escape. They fled with Kostylin. They abraded their legs on stones and had to carry the weak Kostylin on themselves. Therefore, they were caught. They were put in a large pit, but Dina brought a stick and helped Zhilin escape. This time Kostylin was afraid to run. Zhilin managed to reach his own. Kostylin was bought out for 5,000 rubles only a month later. As a result, in Tolstoy's story "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Zhilin shows courage and bravery, and Kostylin shows laziness, cowardice and weakness.

Comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin - the heroes of L. N. Tolstoy's story "Prisoner of the Caucasus"

In the story "Prisoner of the Caucasus" Leo Tolstoy introduces us to two Russian officers - Zhilin and Kostylin. The author builds his work on the opposition of these heroes. By showing us how they behave in the same situations, Tolstoy expresses his idea of ​​what a person should be like.

At the beginning of the story, the writer brings these characters together. We learn that Zhilin decides on a dangerous act, because he is in a hurry to his mother, and Kostylin - only because "I want to eat, and it's hot." The author describes Zhilin as follows: "... although he is small in stature, he was daring." “And Kostylin is a heavy, fat man, all red, and the sweat is pouring from him.” Such a difference in the external description is further enhanced by the meaning of the names of the characters. After all, the surname Zhilin echoes the word "lived", and the hero can be called a wiry person, that is, strong, strong and hardy. And in the name Kostylin the word “crutch” sounds: indeed, he needs support and support, but he himself can’t do anything.

The writer depicts Zhilin as a decisive, but at the same time very prudent person: “We must go to the mountain, have a look ...”. He knows how to assess the danger and calculate his strength. Unlike him, Kostylin is very frivolous: “What to watch? let's go ahead." Frightened by the Tatars, he behaved like a coward.

Even the horses are treated differently by the characters. Zhilin calls her "mother", and Kostylin mercilessly "fries" her with a whip. But most clearly, the difference in the characters of the heroes manifests itself when they both find themselves in Tatar captivity.

Once captured, Zhilin immediately manifests himself as a courageous, strong man, refusing to pay "three thousand coins": "... with them what is shy is worse." Moreover, pitying his mother, he deliberately writes the address “wrongly” so that the letter does not reach. And Kostylin, on the contrary, writes home several times and asks to send money for ransom.

Zhilin set himself a goal: "I will leave." He does not waste time in vain, he observes the life, way of life and habits of the Tatars. The hero learned to "understand in their language", began to needlework, make toys, and heal people. By this he managed to win them over and even won the love of the owner. It is especially touching to read about Zhilin's friendship with Dina, who saved him in the end. On the example of this friendship, Tolstoy shows us his rejection of self-interest and enmity between peoples.

And Kostylin “sits in the barn for whole days and counts the days when the letter arrives, or sleeps.” Thanks to his intelligence and ingenuity, Zhilin was able to organize an escape and, as a friend, took Kostylin with him. We see that Zhilin courageously endures pain, and "Kostylin is still lagging behind and groaning." But Zhilin does not leave him, but carries him.

Being captured for the second time, Zhilin still does not give up and runs. But Kostylin is passively waiting for money and is not at all looking for a way out.

At the end of the story, both heroes escaped. But the actions of Kostylin, his cowardice, weakness, betrayal in relation to Zhilin cause condemnation. Only Zhilin deserves respect, because he got out of captivity thanks to his human qualities. Tolstoy has a special sympathy for him, admires his perseverance, fearlessness and sense of humor: “So I went home, got married!” We can say that the writer dedicated his story to Zhilin, because he called him “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, and not “Prisoners of the Caucasus”.

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