Kabanikh's work. Speech characteristics of Kabanikha in the play by A.N.
In the play "" we meet a large number of heroes who appear before us in various scenes. The heroes are divided into two categories: those who were adherents of the “dark kingdom” and those who were against the rich and hypocritical tyrants.
One of the main heroines of the “dark kingdom” is the merchant’s wife Marfa Kabanova. The author gives her the nickname Kabanikha, and it fully corresponds to her external and internal world.
She was an elderly woman, stubborn and callous, cruel and capricious. She often ate everyone at home and constantly expressed dissatisfaction with their behavior. Kabanikha adhered to the old principles of life, observed long-standing customs and traditions. She also forced her relatives to adhere to moral standards. And if someone was disobedient, she became angry and angry. No one from her home circle could say a word. Her son completely ceased to show resistance to his mother’s activities and simply obediently obeyed her will.
Kabanikha feels contempt for her daughter-in-law and constantly repeats that the younger generation has completely lost control of the elders and does not honor or respect old age at all. Although these were only prejudices. Marfa Kabanova felt that the end of the reign of the “dark kingdom” was coming. She was afraid of losing power over her subordinates and servants.
Kabanikha’s nature is quite religious; she believes in hellish torment after death for her sins. And at the same time, he continues to lead an oppressive lifestyle, humiliate those around him, and show the power of his position and money.
Her behavior leads to sad consequences. It was she who became the last straw in the decision to commit suicide. She expressed intolerable humiliations towards her daughter-in-law. She turned her son into a spineless creature who obeyed the will of his tyrannical mother. ran away from home so as not to have the influence of the unbearable old woman.
Here is the image of a rich merchant's wife who brought so much trouble to her family. The remaining persons of the “dark kingdom” were very similar to the image of Marfa Kabanova.
Kabanikha in the play "The Thunderstorm" is the antagonist of the main character, Katerina. The contrast of characters in a work is of decisive importance, revealing its meaning. The heroines are representatives of opposite poles of the patriarchal world. If Katerina is spirituality, poetry, kindness, mercy, then Marfa Ignatievna is earthiness, love of money, pettiness.
The heroine's relationship with her family
An ignorant person, rude, superstitious, a guardian of old laws, despotic, loves to teach and keep everyone in fear - this is a brief description of Kabanikha. This is a rich merchant's wife, widow, mother of Varvara and Tikhon, mother-in-law of Katerina. A woman appears to her family, her relatives, she constantly nags, lectures, tries to preserve the old ways at home and gets angry when young people do not listen to her. Kabanova Marfa Ignatievna firmly believes that order can only be restored if you keep everyone in fear.
The characterization of Kabanikha allows the reader to understand the attitude of the Old Believers to the new world. The merchant's wife raised her children in fear, and she wants to extend her power to her daughter-in-law. She constantly lectures her son, forces him to punish his wife, to keep her on a short leash. When Tikhon wonders why it is necessary to make Katerina afraid of him, because she loves him, his mother shouts at him. After all, if the daughter-in-law is not afraid of her husband, then she will not be afraid of her mother-in-law.
The merchant's relationship with others
Kabanikha regularly goes to church, surrounds herself with cliques, and regularly gives alms to the poor. The merchant's wife speaks with her godfather Dikiy as equals. Although these two belong to the same world and support the old order, Kabanikha’s characterization shows that the woman still treats the landowner’s tyranny with contempt. Marfa Ignatieva does keep her family in fear, but she does this to maintain order in the house, and not because of her violent nature. In addition, the merchant’s wife will never complain in public about problems in her family, as Dikiy does.
The last guardian of order
The image of Kabanikha is the embodiment of Old Belief, some medieval foundations. The merchant's wife suffers from the fact that her world is slowly collapsing. She sees that young people do not support her, do not respect old laws, and think in new ways. The woman is filled with some kind of apocalyptic expectations; she does not understand what will happen when all the old-timers die out, and there is no one to resist everything modern. The Kabanov House is almost the last stronghold where the dogmas of antiquity are revered.
The characterization of Kabanikha does not evoke pity for this heroine, although at the end of the play not only Katerina, but also her mother-in-law suffered. For the merchant's wife, the public confession of her daughter-in-law, her son's rebellion and her daughter's escape from home were a terrible blow. But this woman never understood that by her non-acceptance modern world she led to the death of Katerina, ruined Varvara’s life and pushed Tikhon to drink. No one got better from Kabanikha’s rule. But she doesn’t understand this, because the merchant’s wife, even after so many misfortunes, continues to insist on her own.
In 1856, A. N. Ostrovsky travels along the Volga. The impressions from the trip are reflected in his work; “The Thunderstorm” was also written based on this trip. This is a story about a merchant's wife, brought up in strictness and morality, who fell in love young man. Having cheated on her husband, she is unable to hide it. Having publicly repented of treason, she rushes into the Volga.
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The controversial image of Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova
The play is based on a comparison of two strong opposite images: Ekaterina and Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova. In fact, they have a lot in common: the primacy of the patriarchal world, the maximalism inherent in both, strong characters. Despite their religiosity, they do not compromise and are not inclined to mercy. This is where their similarities end. They are at different poles of the patriarchal world. Kabanikha is an earthly woman; she is concerned about maintaining order down to the smallest detail. She is not interested in human relationships. Patriarchal way of life life for Katerina is contained in dreaminess and spirituality.
The image of Kabanikha in the play “The Thunderstorm” is one of the central. She is a widow left with two children, Varvara and Tikhon. She can rightly be called harsh and merciless for Tikhon’s reproaches that he loves his mother less than his wife Katerina, and constantly strives to escape his mother’s will.
The predominant personality trait of Kabanikha can be called despotic, but not extravagant. Each of her demands on others, be it her son or daughter-in-law, is subject to the moral and everyday code of “Domostroy”. Therefore, she firmly believes in the principles that it speaks of, and considers their strict adherence to them correct. Turning to Domostroevsky concepts, she believes that children should honor their parents so much that the will of the children does not matter at all. Relations between spouses should be built on the wife’s fear of her husband and unquestioning submission to him.
Kabanikha in the speech of strangers
The characterization of Kabanikha becomes clear to the reader thanks to the statements of the characters in the play. The first mention of Marfa Ignatievna comes from the lips of Feklusha. This is a poor wanderer who is grateful to her for her kindness and generosity. In contrast, Kuligin’s words sound that she is generous to the poor, and not to her relatives. After these brief characteristics the reader meets Kabanikha. Kuligin's words are confirmed. The mother finds fault with the words of her son and daughter-in-law. Even with her meekness and sincerity, Katerina does not inspire confidence in her. Reproaches fly towards the son for lack of love for his mother.
Opinion of her family members about Kabanova
One of the most emotional moments of the play - scene of seeing off Tikhon's son. Kabanikha reproaches him for not bowing at his mother’s feet and does not say goodbye to his wife as he should. Katerina, after Tikhon’s departure, according to Kabanikha, should show her love for him - howl and lie on the porch. The younger generation is violating all customs and traditions, and this leads Kabanikha to sad reflections.
Katerina, the daughter-in-law, gets more than everyone else. Any word she says is cut off with harsh attacks and remarks. Noticing affection, and not fear, in Tikhon’s treatment, Kabanikha angrily reproaches her. Her ruthlessness reaches its limit after Katerina's confession. In her opinion, her daughter-in-law deserves to be buried alive in the ground.
Kabanikha treats Katerina with contempt, considering her an example of how disrespectful young people are towards the older generation. Most of all, she is burdened by the thought that she may be left without power. Her behavior leads to the tragic ending of the play. The suicide committed by Katerina is also her fault. The daughter-in-law endured humiliation against her for a long time and one day she could not stand it.
Obeying the orders of an extravagant mother, Tikhon becomes a spineless creature. The daughter runs away, tired of her parent’s constant interference in her personal life. The ancient way of life with true high morality disappears from life, leaving only a dead, oppressive shell. The young heroes of the play pretend to observe patriarchal commandments. Tikhon pretends to love his mother, Varvara goes on secret dates, only Katerina is tormented by conflicting feelings.
Marfa Ignatievna is busy with earthly affairs. She considers herself fair because, in her opinion, the severity of her parents will be reflected in the most in the best possible way on children - they will learn to be kind. But the old way of life is collapsing, the patriarchal system is disappearing. This is a tragedy for Marfa Ignatievna. However, hot temper and extravagance are not in her character. She is dissatisfied with the temper of her godfather Dikiy. Dikoy’s willful behavior and complaints about her family irritate her.
Kabanikha is devoted to the traditions of her family and ancestors and honors them without judging, evaluating or complaining about them. If you live according to the will of your fathers, this will lead to peace and order on earth. There is religiosity in Kabanikha’s character. She believes that a person will go to hell for committing evil deeds, but at the same time she does not consider herself guilty of anything. Humiliation of others at the expense of her wealth and power is in the order of things for her.
Kabanikha characterized by authority, cruelty and confidence in the correctness of one’s views. In her opinion, maintaining the old ways can protect her home from the unrest happening outside her home. Therefore, rigidity and firmness manifests itself more and more clearly in her character. And having eradicated his own unnecessary emotions, he cannot tolerate their manifestation in others. For disobedience to her words, those closest to her are punished with cold-blooded humiliation and insults. At the same time, this does not apply to strangers; she is pious and respectful with them.
Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova is an ambiguous character, it is difficult to feel sorry for her or just condemn her. On the one hand, she hurts her family members, and on the other, she firmly believes in the correctness of her behavior. Thus, the negative qualities of Kabanikha’s character can be called:
- cruelty;
- authority;
- composure.
And the positive ones:
- strong unshakable character;
- religiosity;
- "kindness and generosity towards strangers."
As is known, in classical works There are several types of heroes in fairy tales. This article will focus on the antagonist-protagonist pair. This opposition will be examined using the example of Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm”. The main character of this play, in other words, the protagonist is a young girl Katerina Kabanova. She is opposed, that is, is an antagonist, by Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova. Using the example of comparisons and analysis of actions, we will give a more complete description of Kabanikha in the play “The Thunderstorm”.
First, let's look at the list characters: Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova (Kabanikha) - an old merchant's wife, a widow. Her husband died, so the woman had to raise two children alone, manage the household and take care of business. Agree, this is quite difficult at the present time. Despite the fact that the merchant's nickname is indicated in parentheses, the author never calls her that. The text contains remarks from Kabanova, not Kabanikha. With such a technique, the playwright wanted to emphasize the fact that people call a woman this way among themselves, but they personally address her with respect. That is, in fact, the residents of Kalinov do not like this man, but they are afraid of him.
Initially, the reader learns about Marfa Ignatievna from the lips of Kuligin. The self-taught mechanic calls her “a hypocrite who has eaten up everyone at home.” Kudryash only confirms these words. Next, a wanderer, Feklusha, appears on the stage. Her judgment about Kabanikha is exactly the opposite: quote. As a result of this disagreement, additional interest in this character arises. Marfa Ignatievna appears on stage already in the first act, and the reader or viewer is given the opportunity to verify the veracity of Kuligin’s words.
Kabanikha is not happy with the way her son behaves. She teaches him to live, despite the fact that his son is already an adult and has been married for a long time. Marfa Ignatievna shows herself as a grumpy, domineering woman. Her daughter-in-law Katerina behaves differently. In general, it is quite interesting to trace the similarities and differences of these characters throughout the play.
In theory, both Kabanikha and Katerina should love Tikhon. For one he is a son, for another he is a husband. However, neither Katya nor Marfa Ignatievna have real love for Tikhon. Katya feels sorry for her husband, but does not love him. And Kabanikha treats him as a guinea pig, as a creature on whom you can take out your aggression and test methods of manipulation, while hiding behind maternal love. Everyone knows that the most important thing for every mother is the happiness of her child. But Marfa Kabanova in “The Thunderstorm” is not at all interested in Tikhon’s opinion. Through years of tyranny and dictatorship, she was able to teach her son that the lack of his own point of view is quite normal. Even observing how carefully and, in some moments, tenderly Tikhon treats Katerina, Kabanikha always tries to destroy their relationship.
Many critics argued about the strength or weakness of Katerina’s character, but no one doubted the strength of Kabanikha’s character. This is a truly cruel person who tries to subjugate those around him. She should rule the state, but she has to waste her “talents” on her family and provincial town. Varvara, the daughter of Marfa Kabanova, chose pretense and lies as a way of coexistence with her oppressive mother. Katerina, on the contrary, resolutely opposes her mother-in-law. They seemed to take two positions, truth and lie, defending them. And in their conversations that Kabanikha should not categorically blame Katya for mistakes and various sins, the struggle of light and darkness, truth and “ dark kingdom", whose representative is Kabanikha.
Katerina and Kabanikha are Orthodox Christians. But their faith is completely different. For Katerina, faith that comes from within is much more important. For her, the place of prayer is not important. The girl is devout, she sees the presence of God throughout the world, and not just in the church building. Marfa Ignatievna’s religiosity can be called external. For her, rituals and strict adherence to rules are important. But behind all this obsession with practical manipulations, faith itself disappears. Also, for Kabanikha it turns out to be important to observe and maintain old traditions, despite the fact that many of them are already outdated: “they won’t be afraid of you, and even less so of me. What kind of order will there be in the house? After all, you, tea, live with her in law. Ali, do you think the law means nothing? Yes, if you hold such stupid thoughts in your head, you should at least not talk in front of her, in front of your sister, in front of the girl.” It is impossible to characterize Kabanikha in Ostrovsky’s “The Thunderstorm” without mentioning her almost manic attention to detail. Tikhon, the son of Kabanova Sr., is a drunkard, his daughter Varvara is lying, hanging out with whoever she wants, and is about to run away from home, disgracing the family. And Marfa Ignatievna is worried that they come to the door without bowing, not as their great-grandfathers taught. Her behavior is reminiscent of the behavior of the priestesses of a dying cult, who are trying with all their might to maintain life in it with the help of external paraphernalia.
Katerina Kabanova was a somewhat suspicious girl: in the “prophecies” of the crazy lady she imagined her own fate, and in the thunderstorm the girl saw the punishment of the Lord. Kabanikha is too mercantile and down-to-earth for this. She is closer to the material world, practicality and utilitarianism. Kabanova is not at all afraid of thunder and thunder, she just doesn’t want to get wet. While the residents of Kalinov are talking about the raging elements, Kabanikha grumbles and expresses her dissatisfaction: “Look, what races he has made. There is something to listen to, nothing to say! Now the times have come, some teachers have appeared. If an old man thinks like that, what can we demand from young people!”, “Don’t judge your older self! They know more than you. Old people have signs for everything. an old man he won’t say a word to the wind.”
The image of Kabanikha in the play “The Thunderstorm” can be called a kind of generalization, a conglomerate of negative human qualities. It’s hard to call her a woman, a mother, or even a person in general. Of course, she is far from the dummies of the city of Foolov, but her desire to subjugate and dominate killed all human qualities in Marfa Ignatievna.
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