The talent of love in Kuprin's work is a garnet bracelet. Love theme in the story pomegranate bracelet Kuprin composition
Kuprin was told an anecdotal story that happened to the noble family of Prince Dmitry Nikolayevich Lyubimov. “... For several years my mother, Lyudmila Ivanovna, received letters almost every day from an unknown addressee, who in his letters revealed his feelings for her. Realizing that their inequality in social status did not give him any hope of a reciprocal feeling, he wrote that he could not stop reminding him of himself. The letters were kept in the family for a long time. Everyone has already forgotten about them ...
This lasted until a pomegranate bracelet was received from the enamored telegraph operator. Our family recognized this as an insult. As it was described in the story, Prince Lyubimov and Lyudmila Ivanovna's brother - Nikolai - tracked down an employee with a "strange" surname Yellow. My father later told me that his visit to Yellow shocked him. The telegraph operator lived in a shabby attic on the sixth floor. It smelled of mice, cats, kerosene and laundry. During the explanations of Yellow, the father was more silent, and the uncle, who was young, hot and arrogant, was unnecessarily harsh. Yellow promised not to write to my mother again. This is how it all ended .. In any case, we do not know anything about his further fate. "
The story is based on a real case. The ending of the story - the suicide of Zheltkov - is a creative conjecture of the writer. He needed such a finale in order to more strongly emphasize the power of Zheltkov's love for a woman almost unfamiliar to him. The main heroine of the story is Princess Vera Nikolaevna Sheina. The story takes place on September 17, the day of Vera Nikolaevna's name day. Vera Nikolaevna's husband was Prince Vasily Lvovich Shein. Vera Nikolaevna's former passionate love for her husband turned into a feeling of strong, faithful, true friendship. Of all actors, with the exception of Zheltkov - the main character in love with Princess Sheina, Kuprin collects the Shein family at the dacha. Among the guests Kuprin singles out the old general Anosov, a comrade-in-arms of Vera's father. The maid handed Vera a parcel. Unfolding it, Vera discovers a case containing a gold bracelet with stones and a note. The note tells about the bracelet, that it is a heirloom, and that it is the most expensive thing the donor has. At the end of the letter were the initials G.S.Zh., and Vera realized that this was the secret admirer who had been writing to her for seven years. This bracelet becomes a symbol of his hopeless, enthusiastic, selfless, reverent love.
Vera considered Zheltkov "unhappy", she could not understand the whole tragedy of this love. Until the guests leave, Vera decides not to talk about the gift to her husband. Only now do we learn about Zheltkov, despite the fact that he the main character... In the story, practically nothing is said about Zheltkov himself. We learn about him thanks to small details: this man was not like others, he was not mired in a wretched and dull everyday life, his soul was striving for the beautiful and the sublime. When only her husband and brother remained in the house, Vera talked about Zheltkov's gift. Vasily Lvovich and Nikolai Nikolaevich were extremely dismissive of Zheltkov's gift. Nikolai Nikolaevich does not believe in the pure, platonic love of Zheltkov, while Vera herself did not attach special importance to letters, did not harbor feelings for her mysterious admirer. Vera Nikolaevna's husband and brother decide to give a gift to a secret admirer and ask him never to write to Vera again. There are insurmountable barriers between the heroes: Vera's different social status and marriage make Zheltkov's love unrequited.
Love gives Zheltkov "tremendous happiness." Zheltkov confesses to Vasily Lvovich that he has been in love with his wife for seven years. He asked permission to write a farewell letter to Vera, after which he would disappear from their lives forever. The next morning Vera Nikolaevna reads in the newspaper that Zheltkov committed suicide. The newspaper wrote that the death was due to the embezzlement of state money. So the suicide wrote in his posthumous letter. Throughout the story, Kuprin is trying to convince readers that there is a “notion of love on the verge of life,” like Zheltkov's, for whom love is life, therefore, if there is no love, there is no life. “... My love is not a disease, not a manic idea, it is a reward from God ... If you ever think of me, then play the L. van Beethoven sonata. Son No. 2, op. 2. Largo Appassionato ... "His prayer was addressed to his beloved:" Hallowed be thy name. " Zheltkov never met his beloved, his feelings remained unrequited. He gave the best qualities to a woman about whom he knew absolutely nothing. General Anosov said: "Love should be a tragedy ..." If you approach love with just such a yardstick, then it becomes clear that Zheltkov's love is just that.
The garnet bracelet itself is a detail that even more vividly emphasizes the whole tragedy of this person. The psychological culmination of the story is Vera's farewell to the deceased Zheltkov, their only "date". “In that second, she realized that the love that every woman dreams of had passed her by.” Love dried the hero, took all the best that was in his nature. But she gave nothing in return. This love can be called a unique, wonderful, amazingly beautiful phenomenon. "Hallowed be Thy name" - sounds like a refrain in the last part of the "Garnet Bracelet". A man has passed away, but love has not gone away. She seemed to dissipate in the surrounding world, merged with Beethoven's sonata No. 2 Largo Appassionato. The story ends on this tragic note.
Despite the sad denouement, Kuprin's hero is happy. He believes that the love that illuminated his life is a truly wonderful feeling. She is beautiful like the moon, pure like the sky, bright like the sun, constant like nature. Such is the chivalrous, romantic love of Zheltkov for Princess Vera Nikolaevna, which engulfed his entire being. Zheltkov leaves this life without complaint, without reproach, saying, like a prayer: "Hallowed be thy name."
Ticket 16
1. "Dialectics of the soul" of the heroes of the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" (on the example of one of the characters chosen by the examinee).
LN Tolstoy believed that the most diverse feelings, aspirations, desires live in a person. Therefore, the heroes of the writer can be different, the author sees his hero "now a villain, now an angel, now a sage, now a strong man, now a powerless being." The attractiveness of seeking, thinking, doubting heroes lies precisely in the fact that they passionately want to understand what life is, what is its highest justice. Hence, a continuous movement of thoughts and feelings arises. Movement is like a collision, a struggle of various solutions. The discoveries that the heroes make are steps in the process of their spiritual development.
N. G. Chernyshevsky called this feature of the artistic method of L. N. Tolstoy in revealing the inner world of characters "the dialectic of the soul." LN Tolstoy himself believed that "in order for readers to sympathize with the hero, it is necessary that they recognize in him as much their weaknesses as virtues, possible virtues, and necessary weaknesses ..."
In the novel War and Peace, the author goes along the path of spiritual quest together with the heroes. Different characters and destinies in his novel represent different types of man's relationship to life, to people, to God. Not all of Tolstoy's heroes strive to know the truth. But the author's favorite heroes are solving moral and philosophical problems, looking for answers to "eternal" questions. One of these heroes is Prince Andrei Bolkonsky.
One of the main characters of Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Prince Andrei, appears on the pages of the novel in the drawing room of Anna Pavlovna Sherer. This is a young man with rather handsome features and a tired, bored look. We see Prince Andrew, tired of the false, stupid society, irritated. For him, the living room, gossip, balls, vanity, insignificance are a vicious circle from which he is trying to escape. That is why Prince Andrei Bolkonsky goes to war. His goal is to achieve glory, glory for which he is ready to sacrifice everything. In the battle of Austerlitz, Andrei, with a banner in his hands, runs to his dream of "Toulon", but, defeated, he falls, and at the same time the significance of the goal he was striving for is falling, Andrei feels its meaninglessness. Prince Andrew sees nothing but the immeasurably high sky, everything seems empty, a deception, everything except the endless sky. In these minutes he sees "little" Napoleon, sees his pettiness, the insignificance of his greatness, as well as the insignificance of life and death, which no one could understand and explain.
His purpose in life was destroyed, life was over. The turning point that changed this view was the accidentally overheard night conversation between Natasha Rostova and Sonya. This thin girl, admiring the beauty of the night, dreaming of a flight, was able to revive in Prince Andrei the belief in the ability to benefit people, in the possibility of happiness and love. The second meeting with Natasha took place at the ball, the first ball of Natasha Rostova.
Andrei Bolkonsky was attracted to her by what distinguished her from secular society: her sincerity, naturalness, joy and timidity, even her mistakes in French. He felt that the world of this girl, alien to him, beckoned to him. Opposites began to coexist in Andrei: that infinitely great and irresistible that lived in him after Austerlitz, and that which she was - narrow and corporeal.
After the engagement, at some point, the hero was frightened by that loyalty and trustfulness of Natasha, that joyful and at the same time heavy sense of consciousness of duty. Perhaps that is why Prince Andrei concedes to his father, agrees to postpone the wedding for a year. During his absence, Natasha's passion for Anatol turns out to be stronger than her love for Andrei. And Prince Andrew, who spoke about the forgiveness of the fallen woman, himself was unable to forgive. He becomes obsessed with a desire for revenge.
But the meeting with Anatol did not bring the expected satisfaction to Bolkonsky. Both heroes were wounded, and the pitiful sight of the groaning Anatole awakened in Prince Andrei a close and heavy feeling that connected him with this man. He remembered his tenderness and love for Natasha and felt her with even greater strength. He managed not only to forgive, but also to fall in love with Anatole with love, which is loved by brothers, loving, hating, enemies.
Prince Andrey forgave Natasha and fell in love with her with that new, pure, divine love. Earthly love gave way to Christian love. During an illness, after being wounded, the hero has a struggle between life and death. He comprehended his new feeling - love, which God preached on earth and which Princess Marya taught him. Love is God, there is life. To love everything is to love God in all manifestations. Bolkonsky was able to understand this because he fell in love. The fear of death was gone, as death began to mean for him the return of a particle of love to the eternal source.
After passing life path constant search for answers to eternal questions, constant self-improvement, Andrei Bolkonsky has reached the highest point of his development.
2. What is the meaning of the mystical finale of N.V. Gogol's "Overcoat"?
Majority final Gogol works- overcoming reality, intrusion into the text of a higher principle, the meaning of which is a moral judgment over the heroes, a breakthrough to the understanding of philosophical - the laws of being: good and evil, truth and lie, life and death, the future. How is this appearance in the story "The Overcoat"?
The author fills the ending of the story with the feeling of an almost mystical cold. A ghost walks around the city at night, he punishes those who are indifferent to someone else's pain, fenced off with a wall of prosperity from someone else's misfortune. NV Gogol needs science fiction as a reminder of the highest truth, that the desire for material well-being is just vanity. The appearance on the pages of the story of a “dead official” is not a description of revenge, not a punishment by fear, but a reminder to every person of the High Court, of the inevitability of just retribution and punishment.
Nobody really saw the fantastic figure of a dead official. To recognize Akaki Akakievich in the dead is given only " significant person". This subjective impression arises in a person with a troubled conscience. In this way, the author tries to make people think about those whom they have offended. Perhaps this is how the mystical finale of the story can be explained.
3. Citizenship and confessionality of the lyrics of A.T. Tvardovsky (for example, 2-3 poems at the choice of the examinee).
Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky is a writer who visibly and sharply, with the blood of his heart, marked the fate of the people's consciousness, its ups and downs for almost half a century.
Tvardovsky's lyrics are predominantly an expression of the simplest, accessible to any reader, but at the same time the most profound human feelings.
Already in the first verses, the author opts for a lyrical hero, which becomes an ordinary, ordinary person. In the 30s of the 20th century, such a hero becomes a collective farmer, an honest worker of the village. Accurate knowledge of their lives, a special gift of understanding the soul common man allowed the poet to create vivid images of humble workers. Often these are craftsmen, craftsmen, people with golden hands ("Matryona's Story", "More about Danila", "Rivals", etc.). Description of skillful, skillful work occupies a significant place in Tvardovsky's pre-war lyrics. The author introduces his reader to the world where bread is grown, houses are built, "They get light" - they do what without which human life is impossible. This is a kind world in which the spirit of love and peace reigns. Stove-maker Ivushka (poem "Ivushka"), having folded the stove, addresses the owners with the following words:
Well, drown, bake bread,
Live together, have fun.
And my answer for the stove:
Without repair for twenty years.
Lyric works Tvardovsky is sometimes called "the lyrics of another person." This is a special form of poem, in which the position of the poet himself grows out of the author's living sympathy for his characters: the poet does not write about himself, but he is so cordially close to his hero that the feelings of the author and the hero merge in the story of the "stranger", acquire warmth and emotion of lyrical self-expression ("Friends", "3 and a thousand miles ...", "Trip to Zagorie").
The poet always responded to all the events that took place in the life of his country. The war, the capture of the Smolensk region cause pain and anger in his heart at the same time. -
In poems of 1941-1945, the poet seeks to show the war as perceived by the wide masses: "The Ballad of Renunciation", "Fire", "Reckoning", " Great summer"," Retribution "," I was killed near Rzhev. " The poems "Vasily Terkin" and "House by the Road" are devoted to the same military theme.
It should be noted that Tvardovsky's military lyrics in many respects echoes the poems of the war years by other poets: K. Simonov, A. Surkov, N. Tikhonov and others. Patriotism, faith in victory, faith in the strength and steadfastness of spirit, the courage of the Russian people are united by the poetry of the war years.
Among the highly patriotic works about the war in the work of Tvardovsky, the poem "I was killed near Rzhev" occupies a special place.
The poem is imbued with deep love for the Motherland, an understanding of the enormous responsibility of every citizen to his country in a moment of formidable danger. “I was killed near Rzhev” is a story full of inescapable grief on behalf of those who will never know how the terrible war ended, who cannot experience the joy of victory.
The unusual story from the person of a killed soldier, combined with a truthful description of the battle, gives the hero the right to learn about the fate of the city he defended, and to speak out loudly about the high measure of the accomplished feat:
And the dead, the voiceless,
There is only one consolation:
We have fallen for the homeland,
But she is saved ...
The sad lines of the poem are constantly interspersed with others, expressing hope and belief that the survivors will be worthy of the memory of the soldiers who fell for the Motherland. The deceased warrior conjures the survivors:
I will in that life
You happy to be
You can fully call lyric poems"House by the Road" and "Vasily Terkin". Both of these works reveal the tragedy of the fate of the Russian person during the war and at the same time have life-affirming power.
Let us turn to the poem "House by the Road". Folk character the poem is emphasized by the introduction into the speech of the heroes of the words "more beautiful", "do not complain", "turn", "darling", "chilled" and others.
If we talk about the theme of this poem, then it is impossible to define the theme better than the author himself: “Its theme is war, but from a different side than in Terkin, from the side of the house, family, wife and children of a soldier who survived the war. of this book could be lines taken from it:
Come on people, never
Let's not forget about this ... "
To enhance the drama of the poem, the author persistently repeats epithets, metaphors, comparisons: "the day was deaf from the roar", "the war fought drunk", "the memory of grief", "pain calls to people", "a sad house", "deaf memory", " sad food "," deaf, joyless peace "," bitter moment "," fierce wind "and others.
The word "home" in the poem is ambiguous. This is a dwelling, this is a family, this is a broader concept - a homeland in general, which must be protected to the last drop of blood, because there is nothing dearer and dearer.
A terrible war has passed, behind the sorrow, ahead is peaceful labor, but no one should forget about this war. Not to forget is to prevent a new war. The author himself compares the poem with crying, writes about the terrible trials sent by the war. The author's voice merges with the voice of the people, condemning the enemy, whom the people called "he" during the war years, putting their civil contempt into this word:
And he's already bombs on Moscow
Drove over their heads.
Tracing the fate of individual heroes, the owners of the house by the road, the author makes the reader a witness tragic fate of the whole people during the war. The poem ends with a description of free labor, which symbolizes hope and belief in happiness.
In the post-war years (60-70s of the XX century), the poet's favorite genre is the lyrical miniature, in the capacious form of which the author manages to express broad ideas. Tvardovsky's lyrics become philosophical and pose important questions of human existence to the reader:
I have fame ashes - without interest
And the authorities are petty passion.
But to me from the morning forest
I need my part in the world;
………………………………...
And I still don’t conceal recognition:
I need, dear to tears,
As a result, a solid consciousness
What flattering I was pulling my cart.
"About existence"
For Twardowski, poetry is a noble service to people that requires hard work and skill. In 1971, the poet's lyric poems were awarded the State Prize.
Ticket 17
1. "Family Thought" in the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".
"From the usual family romance Tolstoy's novel differs in that it is, so to speak, an open family, with an open door - it is ready to spread, the path to the family is the path to people, - “N. Berkovsky writes about the novel War and Peace.
In the novel "War and Peace" Leo Tolstoy talks about different families - these are the Bolkonskys who keep aristocratic traditions; and representatives of the Moscow nobility Rostovs; the Kuragin family, devoid of mutual respect, sincerity and connections; the Berg family, which begins its existence with the laying of a "material foundation". And in the epilogue of the novel, Tolstoy presents to the readers' judgment two new families - Pierre and Natasha, Nikolai and Marya, families based on sincere and deep feelings.
Let's try to arrange the families represented in the novel as they are close to Tolstoy's idea of the ideal family.
Berg itself has much in common with Griboyedov's Molchalin (moderation, diligence and accuracy). According to Tolstoy, Berg is not only a philistine in himself, but also a particle of universal philistinism (the acquisition mania in any situation prevails, drowning out the manifestation of normal feelings - an episode with the purchase of furniture during the evacuation of most residents from Moscow). Berg "exploits" the war of 1812, "squeezes" the maximum benefit out of it for himself. The Bergs do their best to resemble the socially accepted standards: the evening that the Bergs arrange is an exact copy of many other evenings with candles and tea. Faith (although it belongs to the Rostovs by birth) still in girlhood, despite its pleasant appearance and development, good manners and "correctness" of judgments, repels people from itself with its indifference to others and extreme egoism.
Such a family, according to Tolstoy, cannot become the basis of society, because. The “foundation” laid in its foundation is material acquisitions, which rather empty the soul, contribute to the destruction of human relations, rather than unification.
Kuragins - Prince Vasily, Ippolit, Anatole, Helen.
Family members are connected only by external relations. Prince Vasily does not have a fatherly feeling for children, all the Kuragins are disunited. And in an independent life, the children of Prince Vasily are doomed to loneliness: Helene and Pierre have no family, despite their official marriage; Anatole, being married to a Polish woman, enters into new relationships, looking for a rich wife. Kuragins organically fit into the society of the regulars of Anna Pavlovna Sherer's salon with its falsehood, artificiality, false patriotism, intrigues. The true face of Prince Vasily is manifested in the episode of the division of the inheritance of Kirila Bezukhov, which he does not intend to give up under any circumstances. He actually sells his daughter, passing her off as Pierre. The immoral animal nature, laid down in Anatol Kuragin, is especially vividly manifested when his father brings him to the Bolkonskih house in order to marry Princess Marya for him (an episode with Mademoiselle Burienne). And his attitude to Natasha Rostova is so low and immoral that it does not need any comments. Helene completes the family gallery with dignity - this is a woman-predator, ready to marry for the sake of money and position in society, and then cruelly treat her husband.
The lack of connections, spiritual closeness makes this family formal, that is, people who are relatives live in it only by blood, but there is no spiritual kinship, human closeness in this house, and therefore, it can be assumed that such a family cannot foster a moral attitude towards life.
Bolkonskys.
The head of the family, the old prince Bolkonsky, establishes a meaningful life in Bald Mountains. He is all in the past - he is a true aristocrat, and all the traditions of the aristocracy are carefully preserved by him.
It should be noted that real life is also in the field of attention of the old prince - his awareness of modern events surprises even his son. An ironic attitude towards religion and sentimentality brings father and son closer. The death of the prince, according to Tolstoy, is the payment for his despotism. Bolkonsky lives with his "mind", an intellectual atmosphere reigns in the house. Even the old prince himself teaches his daughter the exact and historical sciences. But, despite a number of eccentricities of the prince, his children - Prince Andrey and Princess Marya - love and respect their father, forgiving him some tactlessness and harshness. Maybe this is the phenomenon of the Bolkonsky family - unconditional respect and acceptance of all senior family members, unaccountable, sincere, in some ways even sacrificial love of family members for each other (Princess Mary for herself decided that she would not think about personal happiness so as not to leave the father alone).
The relationship that has developed in this family, according to Tolstoy, contributes to the education of such feelings as respect, devotion, human dignity, patriotism.
Using the example of the Rostov family, Tolstoy presents his ideal of family life, good relations between all family members. The Rostovs live "the life of the heart", not demanding a special mind from each other, easily and naturally referring to life's troubles. They are characterized by a truly Russian striving for breadth and scope. All members of the Rostov family are characterized by liveliness and spontaneity. Departure from the family becomes a turning point in the life of the family. Moscow in 1812, the decision to give carts intended for the removal of property for the transport of the wounded, which in fact was the ruin of the Rostovs. Old man Rostov dies with a sense of guilt for the ruin of children, but with a sense of accomplished patriotic duty. Children in the Rostov family inherit from their parents best qualities- sincerity, openness, disinterestedness, the desire to love the whole world and all of humanity.
And yet, it is probably no coincidence that in the epilogue of the novel, Tolstoy talks about two young families.
Nikolay Rostov and Marya Bolkonskaya.
The love of these people is born at the moment of trouble hanging over the fatherland. Nicholas and Marya are characterized by a common perception of people. It is a union in which a husband and wife are spiritually enriched. Nikolai makes Marya happy, and she brings kindness and tenderness to the family.
Natasha Rostova and Pierre Bezukhov.
The purpose of their love is marriage, family and children. Here Tolstoy describes an idyll - an intuitive understanding of a loved one. The charm of Natasha the girl is clear to everyone, the charm of Natasha the woman is clear only to her husband. Each of them finds in love and family exactly what he has been striving for all his life - the meaning of his life, which, according to Tolstoy, for a woman consists in motherhood, and for a man - in the awareness of himself as a support for a weaker person, of his necessity.
Summing up the reasoning, it can be noted that the theme of the family, its significance in the formation of a person's character for Tolstoy in the novel "War and Peace" is one of the most important. The author tries to explain many of the features and patterns in the life of his heroes by their belonging to one or another family. At the same time, he emphasizes the great importance of the family in the formation of both a young person and his character, and an adult person. Only in the family does a person receive everything that subsequently determines his character, habits, worldview and attitude.
2. The theme of the death of "noble nests" in the play by A.P. Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard".
A.P. Chekhov more than once approached in his works the theme of the disintegration of noble nests. The author writes about the impending death of noble nests in the stories "In the Estate", "Another's Trouble", "In the Native Corner", "At Friends", etc.
In the play "The Cherry Orchard" Chekhov, as it were, generalizes the theme of the death of noble nests and sums up his reflections on the fate of the nobility.
Before us is a typical noble estate surrounded by an old cherry orchard. “What an amazing garden! White masses of flowers, blue sky! .. "- Ranevskaya, the heroine of the play, says enthusiastically.
The noble nest is living out its last days. The estate is not only mortgaged, but also re-mortgaged. Soon, in case of non-payment of interest, it will go under the hammer. What are the owners doing to save the estate? And what exactly are these last owners of the cherry orchard, living more in the past than in the present?
In the past, it was a wealthy noble family that went to Paris on horseback and at whose balls were danced by generals, barons, admirals. Ranevskaya had a dacha even in the south of France in Meton.
The past now stands before Lyubov Andreevna in the form of a blossoming cherry orchard, which is to be sold for debts.
Lopakhin offers the owners of the estate a sure way to save the estate: The Cherry Orchard to plots and rent out for summer cottages. But from the point of view of lordly concepts, this means seems unacceptable, offensive to honor and family traditions. It also contradicts the ethics of the nobility. “The dacha and summer residents are so vulgar, I'm sorry,” Ranevskaya arrogantly declares to Lopakhin in a lordly manner. The poetry of the cherry orchard and its noble past obscure life and the requirements of practical calculation from the owners of the estate.
Lack of will, lack of adaptation, romantic enthusiasm, instability of the psyche, inability to live characterize Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya. The personal life of this heroine was unsuccessful. Having lost her husband and son, she settled abroad and spends money on a man who deceived and robbed her.
At first glance, Ranevskaya's character has many good features. She is charming, loves nature and music. In the opinion of others, she is a "kind, glorious" woman, simple and direct.
She is gullible and sincere to the point of delight. But in her emotional experiences there is no depth, her moods are fleeting, she is sentimental and easily passes from tears to carefree laughter. She seems to be sensitive and attentive to people. And yet what a spiritual emptiness is hidden behind this external complacency, what indifference and indifference to everything that goes beyond the cherry orchard and her personal well-being.
Ranevskaya is essentially selfish and indifferent to people. While her domestic servants “have nothing to eat,” Ranevskaya wastes money left and right and even arranges a ball that no one needs.
Her life is empty and aimless, although she speaks a lot about her tender love for people, for the cherry orchard.
The same as Ranevskaya, weak-willed, worthless in life. her brother Gaev is also a man. All his life he lived on the estate, doing nothing. He himself admits that he ate his fortune on candy. His only occupation is billiards. He is all immersed in thinking about various combinations of billiard moves.
In contrast to his sister, Gaev is somewhat rude. The lordly arrogance towards others is heard in his words "who?", "Boor".
Both Ranevskaya and Gaev are people who are accustomed to living carelessly without working, they cannot even comprehend the tragedy of their situation. They have no future. These are the last representatives of the degenerating nobility.
Another significant figure for understanding the problem of the death of noble nests is the servant Firs. A creature of the serf era, he lives on memories of a happy past. He is full of worries about his master and looks after him like a small child. “They wore the wrong trousers again. And what should I do with you? " - he turns to fifty-year-old Gaev.
The fact that Firs found himself in a boarded-up house and, in essence, was doomed to death is a symbolic episode in the play. His death coincides with the death of the cherry orchard, heralds the end of the era of noble nests.
3. The originality of the artistic world of one of the poets Silver Age(for example, 2-3 poems at the choice of the examinee).
In the history of Russian poetry, literature and art the end of the 19th - the beginning of the 20th century is usually called the "Silver Age" in comparison with the "golden" age of Pushkin. The conditional chronological boundaries of this phenomenon can be determined by two significant for literature phenomena: Dostoevsky's speech about Pushkin (1880) - Blok's speech "On the appointment of a poet" (1921). The name of Pushkin and Dostoevsky is associated with two main tendencies in Russian literature, both the Silver Age and the entire XX century - harmonic and tragic. The roll call of two centuries of Russian poetry - Pushkin's "golden" and "silver" - sounds among the best poets of the early 20th century, who grew and formed under the influence of Pushkin, whose innovation grew on the basis of an excellent knowledge of Russian poetic classics. This is especially evident in the work of Valery Bryusov, Marina Tsvetaeva, Anna Akhmatova, Alexander Blok, Sergei Yesenin, Vladimir Mayakovsky ... Each of them has his own Pushkin.
The dominant artistic worldview and style of the Silver Age became symbolism, that is new form romanticism.
The origins of new trends in Russian literature of the Silver Age (modernism) go back to the 80s - a time of deaf timelessness. The poetry of those years is represented by the names of S. Nadson, K. Sluchevsky, A. Apukhtin and K. Fofanov. Their work is marked by transitional properties: realistic poetics is gradually replaced by romantic, and the oppressive atmosphere of modern reality is increasingly perceived in the light of romantic ideals.
The eighties poets largely paved the way for the appearance of the so-called decadents of the 90s: D. Merezhkovsky, Z. Gippius, F. Sologub, V. Bryusov, K. Balmont, I. Annensky. Decadence in this case meant a break with the ideological heritage of revolutionary democracy and populism, concentration on the complex inner world of one's own "I" and a special kind of aestheticism associated with the disease of beauty.
A particularly significant role - in comprehending the lofty ideals of love, goodness and beauty - of the great Russian philosopher and remarkable poet V. Solovyov, whose spiritual heritage had a profound impact on the poetry of Russian Symbolists, primarily on A. Blok and A. Bely.
In the poetry of the Silver Age, it is customary to distinguish three main trends: symbolism, acmeism, futurism.
For the Symbolists, the main idea of art (poetry) is the comprehension of the secrets of the world, the image of the world through a system of symbols-images.
The Symbolists were replaced by Acmeists, who proclaimed that “for Acmeists the conscious meaning of the word,“ logos ”, is the same beautiful form as music is for the Symbolists” (O. Mandelstam).
Futurists are the next stage in the development of poetry at the beginning of the century. “Only we are the face of our Time. The horn of time trumpets us in verbal, art. "
One of the representatives of the poetry of the Silver Age is Igor Severyanin.
Igor Severyanin ( real surname Lotarev) was born in 1887 in St. Petersburg. Later, with his family, he moved to the Novgorod province, and then in 1904 he returned to St. Petersburg.
Severyanin's poetic biography begins in 1907. It is then that the poet determines his place:
Do not change the planned path,
And remember: who, why and where you are.
The poet loved, in his own words, to stun the audience with self-praise:
I, the genius Igor - Severyanin,
Intoxicated by his victory.
With these poems, Igor Severyanin caused a very ambiguous attitude towards himself and towards his work. For many, his name was associated with self-glorification, even the term "northerners" appeared.
In 1915, during the First World War, sensing the approach of shocks, the poet writes:
Everything is more painful, everything is more painful.
And fortunately the path is already, and the horror is already on it.
Igor Severyanin has a hard time October revolution and civil war. He's writing:
The days of party strife are bleak for us
among the brutal people.
Since 1918, the Northerner by chance finds himself in emigration to Estonia, and from that time until 1941, that is, until his death, he lives in a foreign land.
The theme of the Motherland becomes the main one for the Severyanin. The poems about the native land, about the tragedy of the people, who got a hard fate, are insightful. The poet experiences along with Russia, passing through his heart all her pain and suffering:
My godless Russia, my sacred country.
Severyanin has a cycle of poems dedicated to Russian writers: Gogol, Fet, Gumilyov, Sologub. There is a poem that the poet writes about himself and calls it, without false modesty, "Igor Severyanin". In February 1918, at one of the evenings at the Polytechnic Museum, he was named "the king of poets."
His poems dedicated to a beautiful lady are full of charm. The poem "Kenzel" cannot but delight the reader:
In a noisy moire dress, in a noisy moire dress
Along the olunnaya alley you pass more ...
Your dress is exquisite, your talma is azure,
And the sandy path from the foliage is torn.
Severyanin's poems are musical, they are distinguished by great melodiousness and peculiar lyricism. He called his oral speeches "poetry concerts", and, according to his contemporaries, he almost sang his poems. The poet often resorted to a combination of "high" and "low" styles. Characteristic in this regard is the poem "Lilac Ice Cream":
Lilac ice cream! Lilac ice cream!
Half a portion ten kopecks, four kopecks a bush.
Madam, sir, do you want it? - not expensive - it is possible without debate ...
Eat delicate, square: you will like the product!
From his youth, Igor Severyanin strove to be only a poet - and nothing else. He wanted to achieve the highest poetic glory - he did. And in the difficult years of forced emigration, he could only remain what he was all his life - a poet who knew how to transform everyday life phenomena into revelations of the Russian word.
Lesson topic: The theme of love in the story of A. Kuprin " Garnet bracelet"
Lesson type: workshop.
Goals:
Study of A. Kuprin's skill in depicting the world of human feelings, the author's definition of the meaning of such a feeling as love in a person's life;
Development of the skills of analytical and research work on the text in the unity of form and content, the culture of coherent oral speech, the skills of expressive reading;
Creation of conditions for the expression of emotional and personal assessments of the actions and destinies of the heroes, the formation of a value attitude to the problem posed;
Education of the concept of love as a great and eternal spiritual value of a person, about its influence on human life.
During the classes:
Expressive reading of the poem by A. Pushkin to students "I loved you ..."
I AM you I loved : love yet , to be maybe ,
In my soul it has not completely faded away;
But don't let it bother you anymore;
I do not want to sadden you with anything.
I loved you wordlessly, hopelessly,
Now we are tormented by timidity, now by jealousy;
I loved you so sincerely, so tenderly,
How God grant you beloved to be different.
A. S. Pushkin
Introductory speech of the teacher:
I think you understand that the choice of this poem is not accidental - the theme of love in literature is considered “eternal”, many writers have addressed it: both poets and prose writers. AI Kuprin in this case is not an exception, but, most likely, confirmation. But it should be noted that each of them revealed it in their own way. How is this theme revealed by Kuprin in the story "Garnet Bracelet"? To answer this question, we need to reveal the problematic, consider the plot-compositional features and the system of images of this work.
Acquaintance of students with the history of the creation of the story "Garnet Bracelet". The student's message “The history of the creation of the story by A. I. Kuprin” (student's individual homework).
“Garnet bracelet "has an unusual creative story... Work on the story went on in the fall of 1910 in Odessa. At this time Kuprin often visited the family of the Odessa doctor L. Ya. Maisels and listened to Beethoven's Second Sonata performed by his wife. Musical composition Alexander Ivanovich was so captivated that the work on the story began with the fact that he wrote down the epigraph. “L. van Beethoven. 2 Son. (op. 2, no. 2). Largo Appassionato ”. Beethoven's sonata "Appassionata", one of the most tense, painful, passionate creations of human genius in music, awakened Kuprin to literary creation. The sounds of the sonata combined in his imagination with the story of light love, which he witnessed. October 15, 1910 Kuprin wrote about the plot of the story to his friend, critic FD Batyushkov: “Do you remember this — the sad story of the little telegraph official P. P. Zholtikov, who was so hopelessly, touchingly and selflessly in love with Lyubimov’s wife (D. N. is now the governor in Vilna)” ...(Listening to the fragment "Appassionata") In the recently published memoirs "In a Foreign Land" by the writer Lev Lyubimov, the son of D. N. Lyubimov, we can read:
“In the period between the first and second marriage, my mother began to receive letters, the author of which, without naming himself and emphasizing that the difference in social status did not allow him to count on reciprocity, expressed his love to her. These letters were kept in my family for a long time ... An anonymous lover, as it turned out later, Yellow (in Zheltkov's story) wrote that he was serving on the telegraph ... in one letter he reported that under the guise of a floor polisher he had entered my mother's apartment and described the situation. The tone of the messages was sometimes lofty, sometimes grumpy. He was angry with my mother, then he thanked her, although she did not react in any way to his explanations ...
At first, these letters amused everyone, but then ... my mother even stopped reading them, and only my grandmother laughed for a long time, opening the next message of the telegraph operator in love in the morning. And then there was a denouement: an anonymous correspondent sent my mother a garnet bracelet. My uncle and father went to Yellow. All this took place not in the Black Sea city, like Kuprin's, but in St. Petersburg. But Yellow, like Zheltkov, really lived on the sixth floor ... huddled in a squalid attic. He was caught composing another message. Like Kuprinsky Shein, the father was more silent during the explanation, looking “with bewilderment and greedy, serious curiosity into the face of this strange man”. My father told me that he felt in Yellow some kind of secret, a flame of genuine selfless passion.
Uncle, again like Nikolai Nikolayevich Kuprinsky, got excited, was unnecessarily harsh. Yellow accepted the bracelet and sullenly promised not to write again to my mother. And that was the end of it. In any case, we do not know anything about his further fate ”.
For writing in a notebook: The story "Garnet Bracelet" was written in 1910 and is dedicated to one of the main themes of his work - love. The work is based on a real fact - the love story of a modest official for a secular lady, the mother of the writer L. Lyubimov. The epigraph contains the first note line from Beethoven's second sonata. Let us recall the statement of Nazansky, the hero of The Duel, that love is a talent akin to musical talent.
Teacher:
– We saw that the story of A.I. Kuprin has a real basis. Why do you think Kuprin artistically transformed real story? (Departing from the true events, Kuprin managed to create a work full of great generalizations. Based on the basis of his story "an incident from life" and slightly changing it, the author was able to achieve typification. And thus he defended his right as a writer to be an artist, and not just a reporter life).
– Concluding the story with a tragic denouement, Kuprin wanted to highlight the power of great love, "which repeats itself only once in a thousand years." Do you think the writer has achieved his plan?
Analytical work on the genre correlation of the work. Conversations with students about:
– AI Kuprin defined the genre of his work as a story. Tell,
please, what's called a story?
(A short story is called
a narrative work dedicated to some particular event in a person's life, without a detailed depiction of what happened to him before and after this event).
– What do you know about story composition? (In the composition of the story, the following parts can be distinguished: exposition, setting, culmination, denouement).
– Explain what the above parts are.
The composition of the story includes the following parts:
Exposition - an introductory part (optional), which at the initial stage of the analysis artwork helps answer a number of questions:where ? when ? what's happening? and gives an initial idea of the characters in action.
The tie is the event from which the action begins.
Development of action.
The culmination is the highest point in the development of the action.
Decline in action.
Decoupling is the event that ends the action.
Teacher: Let us turn to the text of the letter and formulate Zheltkov's attitude to Vera, confirming our opinion with examples from the text.
Student: Zheltkov carefully, tenderly, respectfully treats Vera, he is modest, tactful, his feelings are sincere.
Teacher: Draw the attention of the students to the words of Zheltkov from the letter: “no right”, “no fine taste”, “no money”. Which one we know literary type can we attribute a hero with such a characteristic?
Students call the type “ little man", Confirming their opinion with evidence from the text: low social status of the hero, poverty of the environment, funny surname, - note the features of the hero's appearance," speaking "details of clothing, his facial expressions, gestures.
Excerpts from the text:
“... The owner's face was not visible at first: he stood with his back to the light and
rubbing his hands in confusion. He was tall, thin, with long fluffy, soft hair. "
“... He took two steps towards Tuganovsky with outstretched hand. But at the same moment, as if not noticing his greeting, Nikolai Nikolayevich turned his whole body to Shein. "
"... Zheltkov's thin, nervous fingers ran along the side of his brown short jacket, buttoning and unbuttoning the buttons."
“... Now he became all visible: very pale, with a gentle girlish face, with
blue eyes and a stubborn childish chin with a dimple in the middle; he must have been about thirty, thirty-five years old. "
Teacher: How does Vera see a garnet bracelet? And what does he mean for Zheltkov?
Teacher: Let's return to the culminating episode - Zheltkov's conversation with Vera's husband and brother who came - and answer the questions: at what point and why does the course of the conversation and the behavior of the protagonist change? How does Zheltkov suddenly appear before us? How does the author develop the "little man" theme?
Student: the author “straightens out” his hero, giving his image significance and depth (the details help: the name of the hero is George (Victorious), a comparison of his face in the coffin with the faces of Napoleon and Pushkin).
Teacher: it is important for the author to show that a great feeling makes the “little person” “big”.
- Why did Kuprin endow the "little man" with the talent of love?
(The author shows the nobility of the soul of a common man, his ability for lofty feelings by contrasting the hero to the highest society. A strong, disinterested feeling cannot arise in a world where well-being, tranquility, and position in society are valued. A "little man" rises, becomes great with his love ).
The second letter from Zheltkov to Vera is read out.
Teacher: What is love for Vera for Zheltkov?
(great happiness that God sent him)
Teacher: Zheltkov leaves Vera a letter in which he wishes her happiness, the words from the prayer “Hallowed be thy name” to the glory of her beloved and music filled with joy. The immortal soul of Zheltkov speaks with Vera, her tears, cleansing, bringing relief and joy.
- Is Yolkov dying? Could it be otherwise?
The students note that Zheltkov himself chooses death as a solution to the problem. Both Vera and Vasily Lvovich are aware of the inevitability of such a denouement.The probability of "earthly" happiness in this case is impossible.
Teacher: Vasily Lvovich says:
I feel sorry for this man. And I'm not only sorry for that, but
so I feel that I am present at some tremendous tragedy of the soul, and I cannot clown around here.
The keywords here are -tragedy of the soul. And General Anosov says to Vera: “Love should betragedy. The greatestsecret in the world!
No life comforts, calculations and compromises should concern her. "
- What tragic examples of love does General Amosov give? (two stories)
- What are the reasons for such denouements of Anosov's love?
But in most cases
why do people get married? Take a woman. It's a shame to stay in girls
especially when the girlfriends are already married. It's hard to be an extra mouth in
family. The desire to be a mistress, the main in the house, a lady, an independent ...
the same need, the direct physical need of motherhood, and that
start building your nest. And the man has other motives. First, fatigue
living as a family is more profitable, healthier and more economical. Thirdly, you think: here they go
kids, - I'll die, but a part of me will still remain in the world ... something
like the illusion of immortality. Fourth, the temptation of innocence, as in my
case. In addition, there are sometimes thoughts about a dowry. And where is love?
Is love unselfish, selfless, not expecting a reward? The one about which
is it said - "strong as death"? You see, the kind of love for which
to accomplish any feat, to give up his life, to go to torment is not labor at all, but
one joy.
Excerpt 2.
I will say even more: I am sure that almost every
a woman is capable of the highest heroism in love. Understand she kisses
hugs, surrenders - and she is already a mother. For her, if she loves, love
contains the whole meaning of life - the whole universe! But she is not at all to blame for
the fact that love among people took on such vulgar forms and simply condescended to
some everyday convenience, to a little entertainment. To blame
men, at twenty, jaded, with chicken bodies and hare
souls incapable of strong desires, heroic deeds,
tenderness and adoration before love. They say that all this happened before. A
if not, then did not the best minds dream and yearn for it and
souls of humanity - poets, novelists, musicians, artists? I the other day
read the story of Mashenka Lescaut and the cavalier des Grieux ... believe me, in tears
drenched ... Well, tell me, my dear, in all conscience, unless every woman in
deep in his heart does not dream of such a love - one, all-forgiving, on
all ready, humble and selfless?
Teacher: both cases and the case with Zheltkov end tragically. What did Kuprin want to tell us with this?
Love is a tragedy of the soul, mystery, illness, madness, therefore, according to Kuprin, love is doomed to a tragic outcome. Why is it a tragedy of the soul? Because the life of the body ends, but the life of the soul does not. In this world, Zheltkov solved the problem of unrequited love, but this problem has not been solved for eternity. Love conquers death.
Teacher: To the sounds of Beethoven's sonata, Vera listens to what Zheltkov bequeathed - she takes into her heart everything that he endured. And again, in tears of repentance and enlightenment, he experiences "a life that humbly and joyfully doomed itself to torment, suffering and death." Now this life will forever remain with Vera and for her.
The melody of Beethoven sounds and against its background the 13th chapter is read.
"I am not guilty, Vera Nikolaevna, that God was pleased to send me, how
great happiness, love for you. It so happened that I was not interested in
life is nothing: no politics, no science, no philosophy, no concern for the future
happiness of people - for me the whole life is only in you. Now I'm
I feel that I have crashed into your life with some uncomfortable wedge. If
you can, forgive me for that. I'm leaving today and never coming back, and
nothing will remind you of me.
I am infinitely grateful to you only for the fact that you exist. I AM
checked myself - this is not a disease, not a manic idea - this is love, which
God was pleased to reward me for something.
Even though I was funny in your eyes and in the eyes of your brother, Nikolai
Nikolaevich. As I leave, I say in ecstasy: "Hallowed be Thy name."
Eight years ago I saw you in a feast in a box, and then in the first
for a second I said to myself: I love her because there is nothing like this in the world
on her, there is nothing better, there is no beast, no plant, no star, no
a person more beautiful than you and more tender. You seem to have embodied the whole
beauty of the earth ...
Think about what I needed to do? Run away to another city? Does not matter
the heart was always near you, at your feet, every moment of the day is filled with you, the thought of you, the dreams of you ... sweet delirium. I am very ashamed and mentally blush for my stupid bracelet - well, what then? - error.
I can imagine the impression he made on your guests.
I'll leave in ten minutes, I can only put on a stamp and lower
a letter to the mailbox so as not to entrust it to anyone else. You will burn this letter. I've just flooded the stove and burn all the most precious thing in my life: your handkerchief, which, I confess, I stole. You forgot him on a chair at a ball in the Noble Assembly. Your note — oh, how I kissed it — with it you forbade me to write to you. The program art exhibition that you once held in your hand and then forgot on the chair when you left ... It's over. I cut everything off, but still I think and even am sure that you will remember me. If you remember me, then ... I know that you are very musical, I saw you most often at Beethoven quartets, - so, if you remember me, then play or order to play the sonata D major, N 2, op. 2.
I don’t know how to finish the letter. From the bottom of my heart I thank you for
that you were my only joy in life, my only consolation, my only thought. May God give you happiness, and let nothing temporary and worldly disturb your beautiful soul. I kiss your hands.
GSZh. "
Letter No. 1
"Your Lordship,
Dear Princess Vera Nikolaevna!
Respectfully congratulating you on the bright and joyful day of your Angel, I dare to send you my humble loyal tribute. "
"Ah, that's the one!" - Vera thought with displeasure. But, however,
finished reading the letter ...
"I would never allow myself to present you with something that I have personally chosen: for this I have neither the right, nor the fine taste and - I confess - no money. However, I believe that there is no treasure in the whole world,
worthy to decorate you.
But this bracelet still belonged to my great-grandmother, and the last, in time,
it was worn by my late mother. In the middle, between the large stones, you will see one green one. This is a very rare variety of pomegranate - green pomegranate. According to an old legend preserved in our family, it tends to impart the gift of foresight to women wearing it and drives away heavy thoughts from them, while it protects men from violent death.
All stones are accurately transferred here from an old silver bracelet,
and you can be sure that no one has ever worn this bracelet before.
You can throw this funny toy away or donate it now.
to someone, but I will be happy that your hands touched her.
I beg you not to be angry with me. I blush at the memory of mine
insolence seven years ago, when you, young lady, I dared to write
stupid and wild letters and even expect a response to them. Now only reverence, eternal admiration and slavish devotion remained in me. Now I can only wish you happiness every minute and rejoice if you are happy. In my mind, I bow down to the ground of the furniture you are sitting on, the parquet you walk on, the trees that you touch in passing, the servant you are talking to. I do not even have envy either for people or for things.
Once again I apologize for disturbing you with a long, unnecessary letter.
Yours to death and after death humble servant
GSZh. "
Excerpt 1.
But in most cases, why do people get married? Take a woman. It's a shame to stay in girls, especially when the girlfriends are already married. It's hard to be an extra mouth in the family. The desire to be the mistress, the head of the house, the lady, the independent ... In addition, the need, the direct physical need of motherhood, and to start building your nest. And the man has other motives. First, fatigue
from bachelorhood, from clutter in rooms, from tavern dinners, from
dirt, cigarette butts, torn and scattered linen, from debts, from
unceremonious comrades, and so on and so forth. Secondly, you feel that
living as a family is more profitable, healthier and more economical. Thirdly, you think: if the kids go, I'll die, but a part of me will still remain in the world ... something like the illusion of immortality. Fourth, the temptation of innocence, as in my case. In addition, there are sometimes thoughts about a dowry. And where is love?
Is love unselfish, selfless, not expecting a reward? The one about which it is said - "strong as death"? You see, such a love for which to accomplish any feat, to give one's life, to go to torment is not labor at all, but one joy.
Excerpt 2.
I will say even more: I am sure that almost every woman is capable of the highest heroism in love. Understand, she kisses, hugs, surrenders - and she is already a mother. For her, if she loves, love contains the whole meaning of life - the whole universe! But she is not at all to blame for the fact that love among people took such vulgar forms and condescended simply to some kind of everyday convenience, to a little entertainment. To blame
men, at twenty, jaded, with chicken bodies and hare souls, incapable of strong desires, heroic deeds, tenderness and adoration before love. They say that all this happened before. And if it never happened, did not the best minds and souls of mankind - poets, novelists, musicians, artists - dream and yearn for it? The other day I read the story of Mashenka Lescaut and the cavalier des Grieux ... Believe me, I was shedding tears ... Well, tell me, my dear, honestly, does not every woman in the depths of her heart dream of such a love - one, forgiving, for all ready, humble and selfless?
Author detailsKlimov Sergey Alexandrovich
Place of work, position:
Bilyar secondary school, teacher of Russian language and literature
Republic of Tatarstan
Lesson characteristics (lessons)
The level of education:
Basic general education
The target audience:
Teacher (teacher)
Class (s):
Item (s):
Literature
The purpose of the lesson:
Educational: to cultivate a love for the artistic word; induce responsibility for the expression of human feelings, self-improvement. Developing: develop the creative capabilities of students, the culture of dialogical communication during the discussion of the story, develop the ability to highlight the main thing, generalize and draw conclusions. Educational: show Kuprin's skill in depicting the world of human feelings; the role of the detail in the story.
Lesson type:
Combined lesson
Students in the classroom (audience):
Used tutorials and tutorials:
1. “Lesson studies on the literature of the twentieth century; Grade 11, 1 semester. - 4th ed., Revised. And add.-M .; WACO, 2005.
Used methodical literature:
1. L. Lyubimov "In a Foreign Land"; M.; 1963.
2. Chalmaev V.A., Zinin S.A. "Russian literature of the twentieth century: Textbook for grade 11: 2 hours. Part 1. - 2nd ed., Rev. And add.-M .: "TID" Russian word-RS ", 2003.
3. A.I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet".
Equipment used:
recording of Beethoven's Second Sonata, overhead projector, portrait of A.I. Kuprin.
Short description:
Consolidation of material on the work of Kuprin
During the classes:
- organizational moment.
1) Teacher's word:
The story "Garnet Bracelet", written by Kuprin in 1910, is devoted to one of the main themes of his work - love. The epigraph contained the first line of music from Beethoven's Second Sonata. Let us recall the statement of Nazansky, the hero of The Duel, that love is a talent akin to musical talent. The work is based on the real fact-history love of a modest official for a secular lady, the mother of the writer L. Lyubimov.
2) Story prototypes:
Reading out an excerpt from the memoirs of L. Lyubimov:
“In the period between her first and second marriage, my mother began to receive letters, the author of which, without naming himself and emphasizing that the difference in social status did not allow him to count on reciprocity, expressed his love for her. These letters were kept in my family for a long time, and I read them in my youth. The anonymous lover, as it turned out later, Yellow (in the story of Zheltkov), wrote that he was serving on the telegraph, in one letter he said that he had entered my mother's apartment under the guise of a floor polisher and described the situation. The tone of the messages was grumpy. He was angry with my mother, then he thanked her, although she did not react in any way to his explanations ...
At first, these letters amused everyone, but then my mother stopped even reading them, and only my grandmother laughed for a long time, opening another message from the enamored telegraph operator.
And then there was a denouement: an anonymous correspondent sent my mother a garnet bracelet. My uncle and father, who was then my mother's fiancé, went to Zheltkov. But Yellow, like Zheltkov, lived on the sixth floor. He huddled in a squalid attic. He was caught composing another message. Father is more silent while explaining. He told me that he sensed a secret in Yellow, a flame of genuine selfless passion. Uncle was excited, was unnecessarily harsh. Yellow accepted the bracelet and sullenly promised not to write again to my mother. And that was the end of it. In any case, nothing is known about his further fate. "
3) Analytical conversation of a comparative nature:
How did Kuprin artistically transform the real story he heard in the family of a high-ranking official Lyubimov?
What social barriers push the hero's love into the realm of inaccessible dreams?
Is it possible to say that the “Garnet Bracelet” expressed Kuprin's own dream of an ideal, unearthly feeling?
4) Conversation on the story "Garnet Bracelet".
-How does Kuprin draw the main character of the story, Princess Vera Nikolaevna Sheina?
(The outward inaccessibility, inaccessibility of the heroine is declared at the beginning of the story by her title and position in society - she is the wife of the leader of the nobility. She is a sensitive, delicate, selfless person. She dearly loves her younger sister, with "a feeling of strong, faithful, true friendship" refers to her husband, childishly affectionate with "grandfather", General Anosov, a friend of their father).
(Kuprin "gathers" all the characters of the story, with the exception of Zheltkov, for the name day of Princess Vera. A small society of pleasant to each other people cheerfully celebrates the name day, but Vera suddenly notes that there are thirteen guests, and this alarms her: "she was superstitious").
-What gifts did Vera receive? What is their significance?
(She receives not just expensive, but lovingly chosen gifts: “beautiful earrings made of pear-shaped pearls” from her husband, “a small notebook in an amazing binding ... a love affair of the hands of a skilled and patient artist” from her sister).
-How does Zheltkov's gift look against this background? What is its value?
(Zheltkov's gift - "a golden, low-grade, very thick, but blown and completely covered with small old, poorly polished grenades from the outside" the bracelet looks like a tasteless trinket. But its meaning and value is different. Thick-red grenades light up alive under electric light fires, and Vera comes to mind: “Like blood!” - this is another alarming omen. Yolkov gives the most valuable thing he has - a family jewel).
-What is the symbolic sound of this detail?
(This is a symbol of his hopeless, enthusiastic, selfless love).
- How does the theme of love develop in the story?
(At the beginning of the story, the feeling of love is parodied. Vera's husband is a cheerful and witty man, jokes at the still unfamiliar Zheltkov, showing the guests an album with the telegraph operator's “love story” for the princess. two telegraph buttons and a perfume bottle filled with his tears. "
Further, the theme of love takes on a tragic connotation. General Anosov tells his love story, where love is a marriage of convenience. A conversation about love leads to the story of a telegraph operator, and the general felt its truth: “your life path, Vera, has crossed exactly the kind of love that women dream about and which men are not capable of”).
(Kuprin develops the theme of the "little man." life, he blesses his beloved: “Hallowed be thy name.” Love for the hero is above all earthly, it is of divine origin).
-What is the meaning of the image of the hero after his death?
(The dead Zheltkov acquires "deep importance."
-What mood will the ending of the story be filled with? What role does music play in creating this mood?
( The finale is imbued with a sense of light sadness. Zheltkov dies, but Vera awakens, love is revealed to her. Music plays an important role in awakening the soul of Faith. Beethoven's second sonata is in tune with Vera's mood, through music her soul unites with the soul of Zheltkov).
5) Closing remarks from the teacher:
The author tells about love, which is repeated "only once in a thousand years." The tragedy of love, the tragedy of life, only emphasizes this. Kuprin wrote: “Not in strength, not in dexterity, not in intelligence, not in talent, not in creativity is individuality expressed. But in love! "
The melody of Beethoven's Second Sonata sounds .
- summing up the results of the lesson (active learners receive grades in a diary and a journal).
-Homework:
Prepare for writing an essay on the works of A.I. Kuprin.
Author-developer -, teacher of the Russian language and literature of the highest category, MOU Secondary School No. 1 with in-depth study of individual subjects in Ivanteevka, Moscow Region, Unified State Exam Expert in Russian, Honorary Worker of General Education RF.
Expanded summary of a literature lesson in grade 11
... Life and creation. The talent of love in the story "Garnet Bracelet" (2 hours).
The lesson is built using problem learning technology
Lesson type : a lesson in learning new material
Lesson form: lesson - conversation (analytical research work on the text)
Lesson objectives:
To acquaint (overview) with creativity;
Show Kuprin's skill in portraying the world of human feelings;
Outline the role of the detail in the story;
To develop the skills of analytical and research work on the text, the culture of coherent oral speech; expressive reading skills; thinking;
Awaken the desire of students to philosophize on the topic of love, learn to defend their opinions, giving arguments from the text and life.
Methodical techniques: student's report (computer presentation), teacher's lecture, work with text, analytical conversation, work in pairs.
Problematic question - to understand how Kuprin solves the eternal problem of unrequited love.
Equipment: portrait; audio recording Second sonatas .
Epigraph (for 1 lesson) : It lives and rules on the earth -
Of all the miracles, the only miracle.
Yu. Ognev
During the classes
1. Org. moment.
2. Introductory remarks by the teacher.
- Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin (1 year) - one of the most popular writers pre-revolutionary Russia. His prose was seen with approval. And for Kuprin, these great masters of the word remained the artist's ideal for life.
Already in their early works Kuprin with great skill reveals eternal, existential problems, criticizes the dark sides of the surrounding reality ( "Life", "Horror"), bonded labor ("Moloch"). He also writes about the bitter destinies of people ("From the street"), and about the Russian army ("Duel"). But the most cherished theme for him was love, often unrequited, unrequited ("Holy Love", "Garnet Bracelet"). The topic of a person and the environment also plays an important role. ("Olesya", "On the wood grouse").
Unlike Bunin, who wrote his best works in exile, Kuprin experienced a severe creative crisis during these years. Kuprin's work was better known to the Soviet reader, because, unlike Bunin, a year before his death, in 1937, he returned from emigration to his homeland, returned deeply ill, unable to work. According to the memoirs of the writer Nikandrova, "He did not come to Moscow, but his wife brought him as a thing, since he did not know anything about where he was and what he was."... But in Soviet Moscow, panegyrical (laudatory) essays and repentant interviews were written for Kuprin. But only the signature scribbled with a feeble hand reliably belonged to him. The writer died in 1938 in Leningrad from cancer, and his wife committed suicide during the blockade there.
- Short message or a computer presentation about the life and work of Kuprin and his attitude to revolutionary events will make ...
3. Checking individual homework.
(Message or presentation on the topic « Life and creation " - based on materials from a textbook, additional literature and Internet resources.)
4. Work on the topic of the lesson.
1). Reading and discussing the epigraph.
- How do you understand the meaning of the epigraph to the lesson? What is this “miracle” that “lives and rules on earth”?
- What is love? What does it mean to love?
Teacher: - Indeed, it is very difficult to explain what love is. For many centuries, philosophers, composers, poets, writers and ordinary people... They never ceased to glorify this great and eternal human feeling. This is how the famous playwright wrote about love back in the 17th century J.-B. Moliere:
The day would darken in my soul, and darkness would come again,
When would we banish love on earth.
Only that bliss knew who did not live with a passionate heart,
And who did not know love, he doesn’t care
That he didn’t live ...
Kuprin himself spoke this way about love: this feeling, "Which has not yet found an interpreter for itself".
Probably, you will be interested in thinking about love. V. Rozhdestvensky:
Love, love is a mysterious word
Who could fully understand it?
Always in everything you are old or new,
The languor of spirit are you or grace?
An irreparable loss
Or endless enrichment?
A hot day that doesn't have a sunset
Or the night that wasted hearts?
Or maybe you are just a reminder
About what inevitably awaits us all?
- What are the main topics Kuprin raises in the story?
Recording ... In the story "Garnet bracelet" Kuprin reveals "eternal" themes: high and unrequited love, the theme of inequality.
- Explain the wording of the theme "The talent of love in the story" Pomegranate bracelet ".
Teacher. By the way, the heroes of the story have real prototypes. The work is based on facts from the family chronicles of the Tugan-Baranovsky princes. This sad story happened in Odessa. Zholtikov, a small telegraph official, is hopelessly and touchingly in love with the wife of a member of the State Lyubimov, Lyudmila Ivanovna, nee Turan-Baranovskaya; the princess's brother - an official of the State Chancellery - Nikolai Ivanovich Turan-Baranovsky.
Teacher. And I would like to end today's lesson with a poem Nikolay Lenau, Austrian poet of the first half of the 19th century: "Silence and perish ..." , which, as it seems to me, has a connection with the content of the story " Garnet bracelet »:
Silence and perish ... But sweeter,
Than life, magic shackles!
Her best dream is in her eyes
Search without a word! -
Like the light of shy lamps
Trembles in the face of Madonna
And, dying, catches a glance,
Her heavenly gaze is bottomless!
Teacher. "Silence and perish" - this is the spiritual vow of a telegraph operator in love. But still, he violates it, reminding himself of his only and inaccessible Madonna. This sustains hope in his soul, gives him the strength to endure the suffering of love. Passionate love, incinerating, which he is ready to take with him to the other world. Death does not frighten the hero. Love is stronger than death. He is grateful to the one who caused this wonderful feeling in his heart, which raised him, a little man, over a huge vain world, a world of injustice and anger. That is why, leaving this life, he blesses his beloved: "Hallowed be thy name."
5. Reading and discussing epigraphs.
- Explain the choice and meaning of the epigraphs:
1). "Hallowed be thy name."
2). “Not in strength, not in dexterity, not in intelligence, not in talent ..., not in creativity, individuality is expressed. But in love.
Batyushkov (1906)
3). There is no love on earth that does not know suffering,
There is no love on earth that does not bring torment,
There is no love on earth, so that it does not live in sorrow ...
Louis Aragon, French poet
6. Lesson summary. Estimates. Reflection.
- Is such love possible now? Does it exist at all?
- Is the work relevant today?
- How do you now answer the question: what is love?
- How Kuprin solves this eternal problem of unrequited love.
7. Homework.
· Students' choice: Composition-miniature "What is love?" or syncwine on one of the topics: "Happiness", "Love"(based on the story of A. Kuprin "Garnet bracelet".)
· Individual assignment(through the lesson): based on the materials of the textbook, additional literature and Internet resources (list of recommended literature on page 81) prepare a message or presentation on the topic "Maksim Gorky. Personality. Creation. Fate".
· Everyone: Prepare for a creativity control lesson and (multilevel assignments - at the choice of students)
The lesson is built using problem learning technology
Lesson type : a lesson in learning new material
Lesson form: lesson - conversation (analytical research work on the text)
Problematic question - to understand how Kuprin solves the eternal problem of unrequited love.
Download:
Preview:
A.I. Kuprin. Life and creation. The talent of love in the story "Garnet Bracelet"(2 hours).
The lesson is built using problem learning technology
Lesson type: a lesson in learning new material
Lesson form: lesson - conversation (analytical research work on the text)
Problematic question- to understand how Kuprin solves the eternal problem of unrequited love.
Equipment: portrait of A.I. Kuprin; audio recording The second sonatas by L.V. Beethoven.
Epigraph (for 1 lesson): It lives and rules on the earth -
Of all the miracles, the only miracle.
Yu. Ognev
During the classes
1. Org. moment.
2. Introductory remarks by the teacher.
- Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin (1870 - 1938) - one of the most popular writers of pre-revolutionary Russia. His prose was noticed with approval by L.N. Tolstoy, A.P. Chekhov. And for Kuprin, these great masters of the word remained the artist's ideal for life.
Already in his early works, Kuprin with great skill reveals eternal, existential problems, criticizes the dark sides of the surrounding reality ("Life", "Horror"),bonded labor("Moloch"). He also writes about the bitter destinies of people("From the street"), and about the Russian army("Duel"). But the most cherished theme for him was love, often unrequited, unrequited("Holy Love", "Garnet Bracelet").The topic of a person and the environment also plays an important role.("Olesya", "On the wood grouse").
Unlike Bunin, who wrote his best works in exile, Kuprin experienced a severe creative crisis during these years. Kuprin's work was better known to the Soviet reader, because, unlike Bunin, a year before his death, in 1937, he returned from emigration to his homeland, returned deeply ill, unable to work. According to the memoirs of the writer Nikandrova, "He did not come to Moscow, but his wife brought him as a thing, since he did not know anything about where he was and what he was."... But in Soviet Moscow, panegyrical (laudatory) essays and repentant interviews were written for Kuprin. But only the signature scribbled with a feeble hand reliably belonged to him. The writer died in 1938 in Leningrad from cancer, and his wife committed suicide during the blockade there.
A short message or computer presentation about Kuprin's life and work and his attitude to revolutionary events will make ...
4. Work on the topic of the lesson.
1). Reading and discussing the epigraph.
- How do you understand the meaning of the epigraph to the lesson? What is this “miracle” that “lives and rules on earth”?
What is love? What does it mean to love?
Teacher: - Indeed, it is very difficult to explain what love is. For many centuries, philosophers, composers, poets, writers and ordinary people have sought and continue to seek the answer to this question. They never ceased to glorify this great and eternal human feeling. This is how the famous playwright wrote about love back in the 17th century J.-B. Moliere:
The day would darken in my soul, and darkness would come again,
When would we banish love on earth.
Only that bliss knew who did not live with a passionate heart,
And who did not know love, he doesn’t care
That he didn’t live ...
Kuprin himself spoke this way about love: this feeling,"Which has not yet found an interpreter for itself".
Probably, you will be interested in thinking about love.V. Rozhdestvensky:
Love, love is a mysterious word
Who could fully understand it?
Always in everything you are old or new,
The languor of spirit are you or grace?
An irreparable loss
Or endless enrichment?
A hot day that doesn't have a sunset
Or the night that wasted hearts?
Or maybe you are just a reminder
About what inevitably awaits us all?
With nature, with unconsciousness merging
And the eternal world circulation?
2). Reading and discussion of the sonnet by I.L. Selvinsky's "Wreath of Sonnets".
- "Love" and "falling in love": how are these concepts different?
Teacher: - Probably, it is not easy to immediately understand the feeling that gripped and captured you: what is it - love or being in love?
Listen to the sonnetI.L. Selvinsky.
- What do you think the hero is experiencing: love or falling in love?
I used to be in love, but I didn't.
Love? I don’t know such a name.
I could describe it sensibly
As Turgenev explained to me.
Or flash a quote from Tolstoy,
Or borrow some ink from Pushkin ...
But why - I whisper only this word,
And behind your shoulders the outlines of the wings?
But the wings fluttered like a fan.
My soul languished and sighed,
But the sails did not rush through the fog.
Nothing, nothing fascinated me.
And although love is an endless ocean,
Also, my breg did not move from the dock.
Explain the meaning of the metaphor “love is an endless ocean”.
- Love, passion, sensuality, pity, compassion ... In your opinion, are these words synonymous?
Choose epithets for the word "LOVE", discuss in pair x and write down.
Distinguish between these concepts:love is passion; love is pity; love is a habit; love is worship.
Is loving and being loved the same thing? What's better?
Love without reciprocity: happiness or tragedy?
What are the qualities of a loving person?
Is there a perfect love? What is she like?
Do you agree that love elevates a person?
Teacher's word
The story “The garnet bracelet, written by AI Kuprin in 1910, is dedicated to one of the themes of his work - love. In the epigraph, the author put the first note line from Beethoven's Second Sonata. Let us recall the statement of Nazansky, the hero of The Duel, that love is a talent akin to musical talent.(Music plays.) The work is based on a real fact - the love story of a modest official for a secular lady, the mother of the writer L. Lyubimiy.
V. Analytical discussion
About story creation
The story was published in 1911. At the heart of its plot is a real event (the love of a telegraph official Zolotoy P.P. for the wife of an important dignitary, a member of the State Council Lyubimov).
In life, everything turned out differently - the official accepted the bracelet and stopped writing letters; nothing else is known about him. In the Lyubimov family, this incident was perceived as strange and curious.
Find similarities between the stories told by A.I. Kuprin and L.Lyubimov. 1. A student prepared in advance reads the following passage:
“In the period between her first and second marriage, my mother began to receive letters, the author of which, without naming himself and emphasizing that the difference in social status did not allow him to count on reciprocity, expressed his love for her. These letters were kept in my family for a long time, and I read them in my youth. An anonymous lover, as it later turned out - Yellow, wrote that he was serving on the telegraph, in one letter he reported that under the guise of a floor polisher he had entered my mother's apartment, and described the situation. The tone of the messages was sometimes lofty, sometimes grumpy. He was sometimes angry with my mother, then he thanked her, although she did not react in any way to his explanations ...
At first, these letters amused everyone, but then (they came almost every day for two or three years) my mother even stopped reading them, and only my grandmother laughed for a long time, opening the next message of the telegraph operator in love in the morning.
And then there was a denouement: an anonymous correspondent sent my mother a garnet bracelet. My uncle<...>and my father, who was then my mother's fiancé, went to Yellow. All this took place in St. Petersburg. But Yellow did live on the sixth floor. “The spattered staircase,” writes AI Kuprin, “smelled of mice, cats, kerosene and laundry” - all this corresponds to what I heard from my father. Yellow huddled in a squalid attic. He was caught composing another message. My father was more silent during the explanation, looking "with bewilderment and greedy, serious curiosity into the face of this strange man." My father told me that he felt in Yellow some kind of secret, a flame of genuine selfless passion. Uncle, on the other hand, was excited, was unnecessarily harsh. Yellow accepted the bracelet and sullenly promised not to write to my mother again. And that was the end of it. In any case, we do not know anything about his further fate ”.
L. Lyubimov. In a foreign land, 1963
2. Conversation
- Find similarities between the stories told by A.I. Kuprin and L.Lyubimov.
- How A.I. Kuprin artistically transformed the real story he heard in
family of a high-ranking official Beloved?
Note in the notebook:
A special case is poeticized by A.I. Kuprin. The author tells about love, which is repeated "only once in a thousand years." Love, according to AI Kuprin, "is always a tragedy, always a struggle and achievement, always joy and fear, resurrection and death." The tragedy of love, the tragedy of life only emphasize its beauty.
3). Quiz based on the story "Garnet Bracelet" (1910).
Teacher: -
we will conduct a quiz, the questions of which will help you remember the content and some details of the work.
What time of year does the story take place? (Autumn, September.)
Where do the events of the work take place? (Black Sea resort.)
What is the name of the main character? (Princess Vera Sheina.)
Surname of Princess Sheina before marriage? (Mirza-Bulat-Tuganovskaya.)
Who was Vera Sheina's ancestor? (Tamerlane.)
What is the name of Vera Sheina's sister? (Anna Friesse.)
What is the name of Princess Vera's husband? (Prince Vasily Lvovich.)
His position? (The leader of the nobility.)
What date was the name day of the princess of faith Sheina? (September 17 old style, September 30 new style.)
What did her husband give her? (Pear-shaped pearl earrings.)
What did your sister give Vera? (A remarkably bound notebook.)
What was the name of the famous pianist, Vera's friend? (Zhenya Reuters.)
Who donated the garnet bracelet? (Yolkov.)
What does Vera compare to the deep red pomegranates? ("Like blood.")
Who is Zheltkov? (A telegraph operator in love with Vera.)
What is his mistress calling Zheltkov? (Pan Hedgehog)
Zheltkov's real name? (George.)
About whom Kuprin wrote: “I went to my mother, a beautiful Englishwoman, with her tall flexible figure, gentle but cold and proud face, beautiful, albeit rather large hands, and that charming slope of the shoulders that can be seen on ancient miniatures ...” (About the princess Faith.)
What was the name of Anna's husband, Vera's sister? (Gustav Ivanovich.)
Whose portrait is this? “She was ... somewhat broad in the shoulders, lively and frivolous, a mockery. Her face was of a strongly Mongolian type with quite noticeable cheekbones, with narrow eyes ... captivated by some elusive and incomprehensible charm ... "(Anna.)
About whom Kuprin writes: “… very pale, with a gentle girlish face, with blue eyes and a stubborn childish chin with a dimple in the middle; he must be about thirty, thirty-five years old ”? (About Zheltkov.)
What kind of music does the piece sound like? (Beethoven's Second Sonata.)
Whose portrait is this? "A fat, tall, silver old man, he was getting off the footboard with difficulty ... He had a large, rough, red face with a fleshy nose and that good-natured, stately, slightly contemptuous expression in narrowed eyes ... which is characteristic of courageous and common people ..." ( General Anosov.)
About whom he writes
Who owns the words “Where is the love? Is love unselfish, selfless, not expecting a reward? The one about which it is said - "strong as death"? ... such a love for which to accomplish any feat, to give up one's life, to go to torment is not labor at all, but one joy ... Love should be a tragedy. The greatest secret in the world! No life comforts, calculations and compromises should concern her. " (To General Anosov.)
4. Discussion of the story "Garnet bracelet". Analytical research work on the text.(2nd lesson)
Epigraphs : "Hallowed be thy name ..."
“Not in strength, not in dexterity, not in intelligence, not in talent ..., not in creativity, individuality is expressed. But in love "
Teacher: - In the story "Garnet bracelet"found reflection on the "eternal" theme - love.
What kind of love is this? What epithets apply to the feeling described in this story?
(Passionate, sublime, ideal, extraordinary, pure, undivided, unrequited.)
The purpose of our lesson(problematic question) - to understand how Kuprin solves this eternal problem of unrequited love.
The main character, who caused a sublime, unearthly feeling of love, is Princess Vera Nikolaevna Sheina
Pay attention to how lovingly Kuprin sees the everyday life of the surrounding world. This tragically - joyful world is beautiful and harmonious. But only a person endowed with a powerful love for life, a sensitive heart can see its true beauty.
- How does the princess appear before the readers in the first chapters of the story?(Life proceeds calmly, everything, like everyone else, nothing remarkable ... We just lived and loved, but this life and love did not bring much joy ... Life dragged on boringly and monotonously ... Vera herself personified coldness, indifference, kept in herself a regal calm, a sense of superiority External inaccessibility was declared at the beginning by her title and position in society - she is the wife of the leader of the nobility.)
- What is the background of the events depicted in the story?
(Kuprin shows the heroine against the background of clear, sunny, warm days, in silence, solitude, which Vera enjoys. This suggests that she is a delicate and delicate person.
What positive moment do we highlight in her in relation to her husband?(She selflessly tries to help her husband unnoticed…., Dearly loves her sister….)
Is she capable of ardent, passionate love?(In her youth and early youth, the princess was capable of a strong, all-consuming feeling, but now she has changed, and “the former passionate love for her husband has long since passed into a feeling of strong, faithful, true friendship”)
Who is the one who deified Faith, sang it in letters and is ready to go to death for the sake of this feeling? What technique does the author use to highlight the appearance of the second protagonist G.S. Zheltkov?(Kuprin gathers the entire Shein community at Vera's birthday, with the exception of Zheltkov ..)
- Who is Zheltkov?
The person who fell in love with Vera Nikolaevna so much was an ordinary person, an official of the Control Chamber, G.S. Yolkov.
- How do we know about Zheltkov's love? Who is talking about her?(We learn about Zheltkov's love for the first time from the stories of Prince Shein. The prince's truth is intertwined with fiction. For him, this is a funny story. after death testament)
What gifts does Vera receive?(The princess receives not just expensive gifts, but lovingly selected earrings from pear-shaped pearls, a small notebook in a wonderful binding ...)
- How did Zheltkov's gift differ from all the others? Why did Vera Nikolaevna feel anxious?What is the value of this gift?(Zheltkov's gift is "gold, low-grade, very thick, but blown and covered with small old, poorly polished pomegranates on the outside", a tasteless thing. But its meaning and value lies elsewhere. Yolkov gives the most precious thing he has - a family jewel .)
- What does the color of the bracelet matter?(Thick red grenades under the electric light light up with fire, similar to blood "Exactly blood!" as real as the person's feelings.)
How the theme of love develops in the story? (at the beginning of the story, this feeling is parodied by Vera's husband, the prince makes fun of the unknown Zheltkov .., shows the guests a humorous album .. The story of a man who was exalted and destroyed by love is told in such a way that we see her through her eyes different people: Prince Vasily (as an anecdote), Nicholas (for whom this story is suspicious and offensive), Vera (she only wants to end it all), General Anosov (assumes that true love lies here). A detailed message is prepared by a student with a link to the text.
- - When do you first talk about true love?(In a conversation with Anosov. He believes that in his time they forgot how to love)
Who turned out to be capable of such sublime love?(Yolkov.)
Why is this passionate love of Zheltkov unrequited?
(The different social status of the heroes (she is from high society, and he is a minor official) and Vera's marriage.)
Teacher: - The hero himself perfectly understands and admits in the letter that it fell to his lot"Only reverence, eternal admiration and slavish devotion."
What is this secular society to which Vera belongs? What is the lifestyle of these noble and wealthy people? What do they do, how do they have fun? How does Kuprin describe the guests?
Who stands out among them?
(The author does not describe in detail the portraits of the guests, but only gives their brief characteristics. There is a "fat, ugly huge" Speshnikov, Anna's husband "with rotten teeth on the face of the skull", "prematurely old, thin, bilious" Ponomarev. They gamble play games, view a humorous magazine, listen to singing, tell stories.
Of all the guests, General Anosov, a friend of the late father of Vera and Anna, stands out. This is a brave campaigner, a simple and wise man. The heroines affectionately call him "grandfather." He knows many stories. The human relationship to everyone is what distinguishes him. Anosov is one of the guests who understands music.)
Teacher : - Parties, poker games; gossip, secular flirting; walks - this is what these noble people do; someone else is listed in some charity.
When does the plot of the story take place?
What does the heroine expect from the name day and what happens on this day?
(Vera “always expected something wonderful and happy from the birthday.” She receives a gift from her husband - earrings; a gift from her sister - a notebook; and from a man with the initials GS Zh. - a bracelet.)
Teacher : - Probably, indeed, a gift G.S. J. looks like a gaudy trinket next to expensive, delicate gifts. But its value is completely different.
What does this garnet bracelet mean for Zheltkov?
(For him, the bracelet is a heirloom.)
Teacher : - For Zheltkov, a bracelet is not only a symbol of reverent love, it also has a certain magical power, like any family jewel. The young man writes about this in a letter to Vera Sheina: "According to an old legend preserved in our family, he tends to impart the gift of foresight to women who wear it and drives away heavy thoughts from them, while he protects men from violent death ..."
Why did Zheltkov give this valuable thing and did not keep it for himself?
(For the sake of the peace of his beloved woman - the bracelet will help her foresee something bad and prevent it. In addition, the bracelet is the most expensive thing for him - this is the only way he could express his love for her.)
How did the heroine feel when she received this gift?
(She felt anxiety, a feeling of approaching something unpleasant. In this bracelet she sees some kind of omen. It is no coincidence that she compares these red stones with blood: the bracelet lights up with “living fires”, “like blood!” She exclaims. Vera was calm. violated.)
Teacher ... Kuprin in the story does not emphasize the "inequality of states", does not openly criticize the society to which the main character belongs. The author finds another way to show the abyss that separates the main characters and which makes mutual feeling impossible. This method is a description of the behavior of people from the environment of Princess Vera Sheina.
How do these noble people behave when they learn about the letters, feelings and gift of Zheltkov?
(They laugh at the letters of the young official, scoff at his feelings, disdain for his gift. These people are ready to trample the plebeian for encroaching on what, in their opinion, is inaccessible to him, they can easily recognize an ordinary person as crazy. Vera's brother are offended.)
Are these rich, influential people capable of true love? Was there an ardent, passionate love in their life? For example, at Vera Nikolaevna, at General Anosov, at Anna Nikolaevna?
(Anna only flirts; the general never loved; Vera passionately loved her husband, Prince Vasily Shein, but for some reason she faded away - Kuprin says nothing about this.)
Do they believe that passionate, unselfish love still exists? How does General Anosov explain to Vera the absence of true love? Who, in his opinion, is to blame for this?
(Ch. 8. General Anosov, told two stories about "love." “Lenochka's happiness.” “The men are to blame, at the age of twenty, satiated, with chicken bodies and hare souls, incapable of strong desires, of heroic deeds, of tenderness and adoration before love ...” The general concludes: “Love must be a tragedy. a secret in the world ... ", and all that he saw was" so ... some sour thing ... ")
Let's remember the pages of the story, where the heroes tell love stories that happened to them or heard.
Retell the love story of the poor telegraph operator that Shein told to amuse the guests.
(Pp. 386-387, ch. VI. From Shein's stories we learn about Zheltkov's love for the first time. Vera's husband laughs at the unfamiliar Zheltkov, showing the guests a humorous album with a letter from a telegraph operator. At the same time, the prince's truth is intertwined with fiction. history, “news of the book market”, “touching poem”, which he called “Princess Vera and the telegraph operator in love.” The image of Zheltkov in the stories undergoes changes: the telegraph operator> disguises himself as a chimney sweep> becomes a dishwasher> turns into a monk> the hero dies tragically, leaves after death testament (two telegraph buttons and a perfume bottle filled with his tears).
And what is the love in the stories of General Anosov?
(Pp. 390-391, ch. 7: "A decent romance" with a "pretty Bulgarian"; "hugged her, pressed her to his heart and kissed her several times ..."; "when the moon appeared in the sky with stars, he hurried" to her and “I forgot all my daily worries for a while with her.” Of course, the guests called this love story “the adventure of an army officer.” And the general himself realized that, unfortunately, there was no real love in his life: “holy, pure, eternal ... unearthly ... "The general did not have a special love for his wife - she was simply attracted by the" fresh girl ", whose" chest still walks under the blouse ", but this" reel, actress, slob, greedy ", so calls the general ex-wife, also cheated on ... This is such a "love" ...)
What new did G.S. J. from Vera's story to the general?
(Ch. 8. G.S.Zh. began to persecute her with his love two years before marriage. how she knows where she goes, how she is dressed, etc. But when she asked him not to bother himself with letters, he practically stopped writing to her - his letters came only on Easter, on New Year's and on her name day. this garnet bracelet.)
What unexpected assumption does the general make after listening to Vera's story? What characteristic does General Anosov give to Zheltkov?
("Madman; maybe this is just an abnormal guy, a maniac, who knows? - maybe your path, Vera, crossed exactly the kind of love that women dream about and which men are no longer capable of.")
Why exactly Zheltkov, this little official, is opposed to the jaded, lazy rich people who are not capable of true love? What did the author mean by this?
(With this opposition, he challenges the base world, this rich, but selfish, hypocritical society. Zheltkov argues, as it were, with the “mighty of this world.” They prove that there is no real love, and give convincing examples. that he just really loves, without demanding anything in return.)
Why did Zheltkov decide to disappear? Why does he end his life? Maybe he was frightened by the visit of her husband and brother Vera?
(Vera asked to "stop this story.")
Maybe he should have left?
(You can't hide from love.)
Read the suicide letter of Zheltkov to Vera Nikolaevna. How did the hero seem to you? What do we learn about the young man from this letter?
Compare it with other friends and acquaintances of Vera Nikolaevna.
(Ch 11. Pages 406-407. "I am not guilty, Vera Nikolaevna, what God pleased to send me. Like a tremendous happiness, love for you ... I am not interested in anything in life: neither politics, nor philosophy, nor concern for the future the happiness of people - for me all life is only in you. I tested myself - this is not a disease ... - this is love, which God wanted to reward me for something ... It was as if all the beauty of the earth was embodied in you ... I thank you from the bottom of my heart for the fact that you were my only joy in life, the only consolation ... God grant you happiness, and let nothing ... everyday life disturb your beautiful soul. I kiss your hands. GS Zh. ")
How does Zheltkov appear in the suicide letter?(Zheltkov admits that he “cut into an uncomfortable wedge” into Vera's life and is infinitely grateful to her only for the fact that she exists. His love is not a disease, not a manic idea, but a reward sent by God. His tragedy is hopeless, he is a dead man. The little man "turns into a Man. Nobility and fortitude exclude pity for him. The features of not a" little man ", but a" poor knight ", who by strength and purity of feeling serves the highest forces, serves as the gift of polite, chivalrous, heroic love, are becoming more and more clear.
And in confirmation of this, only at the end of the story do we learn the name of our hero, or rather, we guess about him. What is it like? Who pronounces it? (Story about the meaning of the name George ) Great Martyr George - the patron saint of knights and warriors, the Victorious, who defeated the serpent - the tempter, fighting vice. Considered the patron saint of Russia; in honor of him, an order for the highest valor on the battlefield was established - the St. George's Cross. Do we know the middle name of the hero? No, and this is symbolic. This image is the image of a knight, but not from a novel, but from everyday, everyday life.
Why didn't he say in a letter that he decided to commit suicide?
(I could not disturb the calmness of my beloved.)
Read the final chapter - V.N. listens to Beethoven's sonata, which Zheltkov bequeathed to listen. What discovery does she make for herself, listening to Beethoven, what does she comprehend? What words that coincide with the music are composed in her mind? Why did the heroine cry?
Note. Beethoven's Second Symphony is played - the student reads the final chapter, reminiscent of"Prayer" "Hallowed be thy name"
(Ch. XIII, pp. 410-411. "Now I will show you in gentle sounds life, which humbly and joyfully doomed itself to torment, suffering and death ... I am before you - one prayer:" Hallowed be thy name. "
... I remember your every step, smile, look, the sound of your gait ... I will not cause you grief. I leave alone, in silence, so it was pleasing to God and fate. "Hallowed be thy name."
... In the sad hour of my death I pray only to you ... In my soul I call for death, but in my heart I am full of praise to you: "Hallowed be thy name."
... you and the people who surrounded you, you all do not know how beautiful you were. ... in the mournful hour of parting with life I still sing - glory to Thee.
Here she comes, all pacifying death, and I say - glory to Thee. ")
(VN comprehends “a life that humbly and joyfully doomed itself to torment, suffering and death.” Perhaps she realized that “a great love passed by her, which repeats itself only once in a thousand years.” her soul, at least for a moment, awakened a reciprocal feeling.)
Why Zheltkov "forced" his beloved woman to listen to exactly this immortal work? (Chapter XIII, p. 319)
(Music plays an important role in the awakening of Vera's soul. Beethoven's second sonata is in tune with Vera's mood, through the music her soul seems to unite with the soul of Zheltkov.)
Why is their only date - the farewell of V.N. with ashes young man- can be considered a turning point in her internal state?
(She realized that the love that every woman dreams of passed by her. She realized how different he was from her empty, insensitive and indifferent acquaintances - on his face she saw “that very peaceful expression” that she saw “on the masks great sufferers - Pushkin and Napoleon ".)
So how does Kuprin solve the "eternal" problem - undivided, passionate, but true love? Was she unhappy, this unrequited love of Zheltkov? Has it led to suffering? Or something else the author wanted to say?
(The high and unrequited love of Zheltkov became "tremendous happiness" for him. It is with his love that he rises above other heroes, it is with his love that he destroys the royal tranquility of Vera Nikolaevna. “Humbly and joyfully she condemned herself to torment and death.”)
And what other theme, besides lofty and unrequited love, sounds in the story? Why V.N. immediately, even before marriage, somehow frivolously treated an unknown fan?
(The topic of inequality. Heroes have different social backgrounds.)
Imagine that this passionate admirer was a wealthy, influential person. How would society assess his behavior? Would you allow yourself to interfere with this story?
(No. Everywhere and everywhere there was flirtation, love affairs - the rich can do anything. But a small official ... How could he dare ?!)
Teacher. You've probably noticed that there are many landscape sketches in the work; human feeling is identified with the creative energy of nature itself.
What is the role of the landscape at the beginning of the story? How does the landscape help you understand Vera's psychological state?
(The first chapter is an introduction, which should prepare the reader for the perception of subsequent events. Kuprin draws a parallel between the description of the autumn garden and internal state the main character... There is a feeling of wilting. Her life is the same: monotonous, autumn. "The trees calmed down, silently and obediently shedding yellow leaves." Princess Vera is in the same calm, prudent state, she has peace in her soul: “And Vera was strictly simple, cold with everyone ... kind, independent and regally calm.”)
Teacher. A completely different picture in chapter 7: in nature - "the autumn sunset was burning out." AND in life - with the death of Zheltkov (he shot himself), real, passionate love, which women are waiting for, dream of it, died. We, unfortunately, both in nature and in life, often do not notice beauty!
“A light wind swooped down and, as if sympathizing with her, rustled the leaves ...” Nature is able to sympathize, empathize.
So can Zheltkov's feeling be called madness? Find in the text the words of Prince Shein, which will become the answer to the question posed.
(“I feel that this person is not capable of deceiving and lying deliberately ... (Ch. 10);“ I feel that I am present at some tremendous tragedy of my soul, and I cannot keep my mouth down here. ”(Ch. 11) and the prince's appeal to his wife: "I will say that he loved you, and was not at all crazy."
(The name George means "victorious" ... Yolks from the victorious. Kuprin in his work drew a "small but great man.")
- The heroes of the story express their opinion about love. Before you are the statements of the heroes of the story. Whose point of view is closer to you and why?
Anosov : “Love must be a tragedy. The greatest secret in the world! No life comforts, calculations and compromises should concern her. "
Vera Nikolaevna : "And what is it: love or madness?"
Yolkov : “… This is not a disease, not a manic idea - this is love, which God wanted to reward me for something…“ Hallowed be thy name… ”
Shein : "... is it possible to control such a feeling as love - a feeling that has not yet found an interpretation for itself"
Output: Kuprin is looking in real life for people obsessed with a high sense of love, capable of rising above the surrounding vulgarity and lack of spirituality, ready to give everything without demanding anything in return. The writer sings sublime love, opposing it to indifference and inability to feel.
That is why the music of love has been heard for centuries; sounds for Vera in a moment of moral insight, tragic for her; sounds to us all.
What, in your opinion, is the power of love?
(Love raises a person, transforms his soul. Love gives a lover tremendous happiness. Sincere, pure love raises a person not only in his own, but also in others’s eyes. It is this kind of love that is immortal!)
Teacher. Indeed, the image of Zheltkov is one of Kuprin's best achievements. This young man is the only bearer of a light, selfless feeling in the base world of wealth, selfishness, and hypocrisy. And therefore this story sounds like a call from the writer to value and protect love as a high value of human existence.
What are the main topics Kuprin raises in the story?
Recording. In the story "Garnet bracelet"Kuprin reveals "eternal" themes: high and unrequited love, the theme of inequality.
Explain the wording of the theme “The Talent of Love in the story“ Garnet Bracelet ”.
Teacher. By the way, the heroes of the story have real prototypes. The work is based on facts from the family chronicles of the Tugan-Baranovsky princes. This sad story happened in Odessa. Zholtikov, a small telegraph official, is hopelessly and touchingly in love with the wife of a member of the State Council L. Lyubimov, with Lyudmila Ivanovna, nee Turan-Baranovskaya; the princess's brother - an official of the State Chancellery - Nikolai Ivanovich Turan-Baranovsky.
Teacher. And I would like to end today's lesson with a poem Nikolay Lenau , Austrian poet of the first half of the 19th century:"Silence and perish ...", which, as it seems to me, has a connection with the content of the story "Garnet bracelet»:
Silence and perish ... But sweeter,
Than life, magic shackles!
Her best dream is in her eyes
Search without a word! -
Like the light of shy lamps
Trembles in the face of Madonna
And, dying, catches a glance,
Her heavenly gaze is bottomless!
Teacher. "Silence and perish"- this is the spiritual vow of a telegraph operator in love. But still, he violates it, reminding himself of his only and inaccessible Madonna. This sustains hope in his soul, gives him the strength to endure the suffering of love. Passionate love, incinerating, which he is ready to take with him to the other world. Death does not frighten the hero. Love is stronger than death. He is grateful to the one who caused this wonderful feeling in his heart, which raised him, a little man, over a huge vain world, a world of injustice and anger. That is why, leaving this life, he blesses his beloved: "Hallowed be thy name."
5. Reading and discussing epigraphs.
Explain the choice and meaning of the epigraphs:
1). "Hallowed be thy name."
2). “Not in strength, not in dexterity, not in intelligence, not in talent ..., not in creativity, individuality is expressed. But in love.
A.I. Kuprin. Letter to F.D. Batyushkov (1906)
3). There is no love on earth that does not know suffering,
There is no love on earth that does not bring torment,
There is no love on earth, so that it does not live in sorrow ...
Louis Aragon, French poet
6. Lesson summary. Estimates. Reflection.
Is such love possible now? Does it exist at all?
Is the work relevant today?
How do you now answer the question: what is love?
How Kuprin solves this eternal problem of unrequited love.
7. Homework.
- Students' choice:Composition-miniature "What is love?" or syncwine on one of the themes: "Happiness", "Love" (based on the story of A. Kuprin "Pomegranate Bracelet".)
- Individual assignment(through the lesson): based on the materials of the textbook, additional literature and Internet resources (list of recommended literature on page 81)prepare a message or presentation on the topic “Maxim Gorky. Personality. Creation. Fate".
- Everyone: Prepare for a lesson in control over the creativity of I.A. Bunin and A.I. Kuprin(different level assignments - at the choice of students)