Images of heroes captain's daughter table. A.S
There are times when you need to quickly familiarize yourself with a book, but there is no time to read. For such cases, there is short retelling(brief). "The Captain's Daughter" is a story from school curriculum, which, of course, deserves attention, at least in a brief retelling.
In contact with
The main characters of "The Captain's Daughter"
Before you get acquainted with the short story "The Captain's Daughter", you need to get acquainted with the main characters.
The Captain's Daughter tells about several months in the life of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, a hereditary nobleman. He is doing military service in the Belogorodskaya fortress during the peasant unrest under the leadership of Yemelyan Pugachev. This story is told by Peter Grinev himself with the help of entries in his diary.
Main characters
Minor characters
Chapter I
Peter Grinev's father, even before his birth, enlisted in the ranks of sergeants of the Semyonovsky regiment, since he himself was a retired officer.
At the age of five, he assigned his son a personal servant named Arkhip Savelich. His task was to educate him as a real master. Arkhip Savelich taught little Peter a lot, for example, to understand the breeds of hunting dogs, Russian literacy and much more.
Four years later, his father sends sixteen-year-old Peter to the service of his good friend in Orenburg. Servant Savelich goes with Peter. In Simbirsk, Grinev meets a man named Zurin. He teaches Peter to play billiards. Having drunk, Grinev loses one hundred rubles to the military.
Chapter II
Grinev and Savelich got lost on the way to the place of service, but a bystander showed them the way to the inn. There Peter examines the guide- he looks about forty years old, he has a black beard, a strong physique, and in general he looks like a robber. Having entered into conversation with the innkeeper, they discussed something in a foreign language.
The guide is practically undressed, and therefore Grinev decides to present him with a hare sheepskin coat. The sheepskin coat was so small for him that he literally burst at the seams, but despite this, he was glad of the gift and promised never to forget this good deed. A day later, young Peter, arriving in Orenburg, introduces himself to the general, and he sends him to the Belgorod fortress - to serve under the command of Captain Mironov. Not without the help of Father Peter, of course.
Chapter III
Grinev arrives at the Belgorod Fortress, which is a village surrounded by a high wall and one cannon. Captain Mironov, under whose leadership Peter came to serve, was a gray-haired old man, and under his command two officers and about a hundred soldiers serve. One of the officers is the one-eyed old lieutenant Ivan Ignatyich, the second is named Alexey Shvabrin - he was exiled to this place as punishment for a duel.
The newly arrived Peter met Alexei Shvabrin the same evening. Shvabrin told about each of the captain's family: his wife Vasilisa Yegorovna and their daughter Masha. Vasilisa commands both her husband and the entire garrison. And daughter Masha is a very cowardly girl. Later, Grinev himself met Vasilisa and Masha, and also with the sergeant Maksimych ... He is very scared by that that the upcoming service will be boring and very long.
Chapter IV
Grinev liked the fortress, despite the experiences of Maksimych. The soldiers are treated here without special severity, despite the fact that the captain at least occasionally arranges exercises, but they still cannot distinguish between "left" and "right". In the house of Captain Mironov, Pyotr Grinev becomes almost a member of the family, and also falls in love with his daughter Masha.
In one of the outbursts of feelings, Grinev devotes poems to Masha and reads them to the only one in the castle who understands poetry - Shvabrina. Shvabrin in a very rude manner makes fun of his feelings and says that earrings - it is a more useful gift... Grinev is offended by this too harsh criticism in his direction, and he calls him a liar in return, and Alexey, on emotions, challenges him to a duel.
An agitated Peter wants to call Ivan Ignatyich as his second, but the old man thinks that such a showdown is too much. After lunch, Pyotr tells Shvabrin that Ivan Ignatyich did not agree to be a second. Shvabrin proposes to conduct a duel without seconds.
Having met early in the morning, they did not have time to sort out the relationship in a duel, because they were immediately tied up and taken into custody by soldiers under the command of the lieutenant. Vasilisa Yegorovna forces them to pretend that they have made up, and after that they are released from custody. Peter learns from Masha - the whole point is that Alexei has already received a refusal from her, which is why he behaved so aggressively.
All this did not cool their ardor, and they meet the next day by the river to bring the matter to an end. Peter had almost defeated the officer in a fair fight, but was distracted by the call. It was Savelich. Turning to a familiar voice, Grinev is wounded in the chest.
Chapter V
The injury turned out to be so serious that Peter woke up only on the fourth day. Shvabrin decides to make peace with Peter, they apologize to each other. Taking advantage of the moment that Masha is caring for the sick Peter, he confesses his love to her and receives reciprocity in return.
Enamored and inspired Grinev writes a letter home asking for a blessing for the wedding. In response, a stern letter comes with a refusal and the sad news of the death of his mother. Peter thinks that his mother died when she found out about the duel, and suspects Savelich of the denunciation.
The offended servant shows proof to Peter: a letter from his father, where he scolds and scolds him because he did not tell about the injury. After a while, suspicions lead Peter to the idea that Shvabrin did this to prevent them and Masha from happiness and disrupt the wedding. Upon learning that her parents are not giving her blessings, Mary refuses to marry.
CHAPTER VI
In October 1773, very quickly rumor spreads about the Pugachev revolt, despite the fact that Mironov tried to keep it a secret. The captain decides to send Maksimych to reconnaissance. Maksimych returns two days later and reports that a tremendous excitement is rising among the Cossacks.
At the same time, Maksimych is reported that he went over to the side of Pugachev and incited the Cossacks to start a riot. Maksimych was arrested, and in his place they put the person who reported on him - the baptized Kalmyk Yulai.
Further events pass very quickly: the sergeant Maksimych escapes from custody, one of Pugachev's people is taken prisoner, but it is impossible to ask him about anything, because he does not have a language. The neighboring fortress has been captured, and very soon the rebels will be under the walls of this fortress as well. Vasilisa and her daughter are going to Orenburg.
Chapter vii
The next morning a bunch of fresh news reaches Grinev: the Cossacks left the fortress, taking Yulai prisoner; Masha did not have time to get to Orenburg and the road was blocked. By order of the captain, the rebel patrols are shot from the cannon.
Soon, the main army of Pugachev appears, led by Emelyan himself, smartly dressed in a red caftan and galloping on a white horse. Four traitorous Cossacks offer to surrender, recognizing Pugachev as ruler. They throw Yulai's head over the fence, which falls at Mironov's feet. Mironov gives the order to shoot, and one of the negotiators is killed, the rest manage to escape.
They begin to storm the fortress, and Mironov says goodbye to his family and blesses Masha. Vasilisa leads her terrified daughter away. The commandant fires once from the cannon, gives the order to open the gate, and then rushes into battle.
The soldiers are in no hurry to run after the commander, and the attackers manage to break into the fortress. Grinev is taken prisoner. A large gallows is being erected on the square. A crowd gathers around, many greeted the rioters with joy. The impostor, sitting on an armchair in the commandant's house, takes the oath from the prisoners. Ignatyich and Mironov are hanged for refusing to take the oath.
The turn comes to Grinev, and he notices Shvabrin among the rebels... When Peter was escorted to the gallows to be executed, Savelich unexpectedly falls at Pugachev's feet. Somehow he manages to beg pardon for Grinev. When Vasilisa was taken out of the house, she, seeing her dead husband, emotionally calls Pugachev - "a fugitive convict." She is immediately killed for it.
Chapter viii
Peter began to look for Masha. The news was disappointing - she lies unconscious with the priest's wife, who tells everyone that this is her seriously ill relative. Peter returns to the old plundered apartment and learns from Savelich how he managed to persuade Pugachev to let Peter go.
Pugachev is the same casual passer-by whom they met when they got lost and presented a hare sheepskin coat. Pugachev invites Peter to the commandant's house, and he dines there with the rebels at the same table.
During lunch, he manages to overhear the military council making plans to go to Orenburg. After lunch, Grinev and Pugachev have a conversation, where Pugachev again demands an oath. Peter again denies him, arguing that he is an officer and the orders of his commanders are the law for him. Such honesty is to the liking of Pugachev, and he again releases Peter.
Chapter IX
In the morning before Pugachev's departure, Savelich comes up to him and brings things that were taken from Grinev during the capture in captivity. At the very end of the list is a rabbit sheepskin coat. Pugachev gets angry and throws out a sheet of paper with this list. Leaving, he leaves Shvabrin as commandant.
Grinev rushes to the priest's wife to find out how Masha is in health, but very disappointing news awaits him - she is delirious and in a fever. He cannot take her away, but he also cannot stay. Therefore, he has to leave her temporarily.
Excited, Grinev and Savelich walk slowly to Orenburg. Suddenly, unexpectedly, they are caught up by the former police officer Maksimych, who is riding a Bashkir horse. It turned out that it was Pugachev who had said to give the officer a horse and a sheepskin coat. Peter gratefully accepts this gift.
Chapter X
Arriving in Orenburg, Peter reports to the general about everything that was in the fortress. On the council, they decide not to attack, but only to defend themselves. After a while, the siege of Orenburg by the army of Pugachev begins. Thanks to a fast horse and luck, Grinev remains safe and sound.
In one of these sorties, he intersects with Maksimych. Maksimych gives him a letter from Masha, which says that Shvabrin kidnapped her and forcibly forces her to marry him. Grinev runs to the general and asks for a company of soldiers to liberate the Belgorod fortress, but the general refuses him.
Chapter XI
Grinev and Savelich decide to flee from Orenburg and drive without any problems towards the Bermuda settlement, which was occupied by Pugachev's people. After waiting for the night, they decide to go around the settlement in the dark, but they are caught by a detachment of sentinels. He miraculously manages to escape, but Savelich, unfortunately, does not.
Therefore, Peter returns for him and is then captured. Pugachev finds out why he fled from Orenburg. Peter informs him about Shvabrin's tricks. Pugachev begins to get angry and threatens to hang him.
Pugachev's advisor does not believe in Grinev's story, claiming that Peter is a spy. Suddenly, a second adviser named Khlopusha begins to intercede for Petr. They almost start a fight, but the impostor calms them down. Pugachev decides to take the wedding of Peter and Masha into his own hands.
Chapter XII
When Pugachev arrived to the Belgorod fortress, he began to demand to show the girl who had been abducted by Shvabrin. He brings Pugachev and Grinev to the room where Masha is sitting on the floor.
Pugachev, deciding to understand the situation, asks Masha why her husband is beating her. Masha indignantly exclaims that she will never become his wife. Pugachev is very disappointed in Shvabrin and orders him to immediately release the young couple.
Chapter XIII
Masha with Peter go on the road. When they enter the town, where there should be a large detachment of Pugachevites, they see that the town has already been liberated. They want to arrest Grinev, he enters the officer's room and sees at the head of his old acquaintance - Zurin.
He remains in Zurin's detachment, and sends Masha and Savelyich to his parents. Soon the siege was lifted from Orenburg, and the news of the victory and the end of the war comes, as the impostor was captured. While Peter was going home, Zurin received an order to arrest him.
Chapter XIV
In Court, Pyotr Grinev is accused of treason and espionage. The witness is Shvabrin. In order not to involve Masha in this matter, Peter does not justify himself in any way, and they want to hang him. Empress Catherine, taking pity on his elderly father, exchanges execution for serving a life sentence in a Siberian settlement. Masha decides that she will lie at the Empress's feet, begging to have mercy on him.
Having gone to Petersburg, she stops at an inn and learns that the hostess is the niece of a drowner in the palace. She helps Masha get into the garden of Tsarskoye Selo, where she meets a lady who promises to help her. After a while, a carriage arrives from the palace for Masha. Entering Catherine's chambers, she is surprised to see the woman with whom she spoke in the garden. She announces to her that Grinev is acquitted. read in our article.
Afterword
This was a short retelling. "The Captain's Daughter" is a rather interesting story from the school curriculum. A chapter summary is needed for.
in Wikisource« Captain's daughter"- one of the first and most famous works Russian historical prose, the story of A.S. Pushkin, dedicated to the events of the Peasant War of 1773-1775 under the leadership of Yemelyan Pugachev.
It was first published in 1836 in the Sovremennik magazine without the author's signature. At the same time, the chapter on the peasant revolt in the village of Grineva remained unpublished, which was explained by censorship considerations.
The plot of the story echoes the first in Europe historical novel Waverley, or Sixty Years Ago, which was published without authorization in 1814 and was soon translated into the major languages of Europe. Some episodes go back to the novel by MN Zagoskin "Yuri Miloslavsky" (1829).
The story is based on the notes of a fifty-year-old nobleman Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, written by him during the reign of Emperor Alexander and dedicated to the "Pugachevshchina", in which a seventeen-year-old officer Pyotr Grinev involuntarily took part in a "strange chain of circumstances".
Pyotr Andreevich recalls his childhood with light irony, the childhood of an ignorant noble. His father, Andrei Petrovich Grinev, in his youth, “served under Count Minich and retired as prime major in 17 ... year. Since then he lived in his Simbirsk village, where he married the girl Avdotya Vasilievna Yu., The daughter of a poor local nobleman. " The Grinyov family had nine children, but all of Petrusha's brothers and sisters "died in infancy." “Mother was still a belly of me,” recalls Grinev, “as I was already enrolled in the Semyonovsk regiment as a sergeant.” From the age of five, Petrusha has been looked after by the stirrup Savelich, "for sober behavior" granted to him as an uncle. "Under his supervision, in the twelfth year, I learned to read and write Russian and could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog." Then a teacher appeared - the Frenchman Beaupré, who did not understand the "meaning of this word", since in his homeland he was a hairdresser, and in Prussia - a soldier. Young Grinev and the Frenchman Beaupré quickly hit it off, and although Beaupre was contractually obliged to teach Petrusha "in French, in German and all sciences," he soon preferred to learn from his student "to chat in Russian." Grinev's upbringing ends with the expulsion of Beaupre, who was convicted of dissipation, drunkenness and neglect of the duties of a teacher.
Until the age of sixteen, Grinev lives "undersized, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys." In the seventeenth year, the father decides to send his son to the service, but not to St. Petersburg, but to the army "to sniff gunpowder" and "pull the strap." He sends him to Orenburg, instructing him to serve faithfully "to whom you swear", and remember the proverb: "Take care of your dress again, and honor from your youth." All the "brilliant hopes" of the young Grinev for a happy life in St. Petersburg were destroyed, ahead of them was "boredom in the deaf and distant side."
Approaching Orenburg, Grinev and Savelich were caught in a blizzard. A random person, met on the road, takes the wagon, lost in a blizzard, to the exit. While the wagon was "quietly moving" to housing, Pyotr Andreevich had a terrible dream in which fifty-year-old Grinev sees something prophetic, linking it with the "strange circumstances" of his future life. A man with a black beard is lying in the bed of Grinyov's father, and mother, calling him Andrei Petrovich and "the planted father," wants Petrusha to "kiss his hand" and ask for blessings. A man waves an ax, the room is filled with dead bodies; Grinev stumbles over them, slides in bloody puddles, but his “terrible man” “tenderly calls out”, saying: “Don't be afraid, come under my blessing”.
In gratitude for his salvation, Grinev gives the “counselor”, dressed too lightly, his hare sheepskin coat and brings a glass of wine, for which he thanks him with a low bow: “Thank you, your honor! God reward you for your virtue. " The outward appearance of the “counselor” seemed to Grinev “wonderful”: “He was about forty years old, of medium height, thin and broad-shouldered. His black beard showed gray; lively big eyes kept running. His face had a rather pleasant expression, but rogue. "
The Belogorsk fortress, where Grinev was sent to serve from Orenburg, meets the young man not with formidable bastions, towers and ramparts, but turns out to be a village surrounded by a wooden fence. Instead of a brave garrison, there are disabled people who do not know where is the left and where is the right side; instead of deadly artillery, there is an old cannon clogged with debris.
The commandant of the fortress, Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, is an officer "from the soldiers' children", an uneducated man, but honest and kind. His wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna, completely manages it and looks at the affairs of the service as if it were her own business. Soon Grinev became “native” for the Mironovs, and he himself “imperceptibly [...] became attached to a kind family”. In the daughter of the Mironovs, Masha Grinev, "I found a sensible and sensible girl."
The service does not bother Grinev, he was carried away by reading books, practicing translations and writing poetry. At first, he became close to Lieutenant Shvabrin, the only person in the fortress who was close to Grinev in education, age and occupation. But soon they quarrel - Shvabrin scoffed at the love "song" written by Grinev, and also allowed himself dirty hints about the "temper and custom" of Masha Mironova, to whom this song was dedicated. Later, in a conversation with Masha, Grinev will find out the reasons for the stubborn slander with which Shvabrin pursued her: the lieutenant wooed her, but was refused. “I don’t like Alexei Ivanovich. He is very disgusting to me, ”Masha admits to Grinev. The quarrel is resolved by a duel and by wounding Grinev.
Masha takes care of the wounded Grinev. Young people confess to each other "in a heartfelt inclination", and Grinev writes a letter to the priest, "asking for parental blessing." But Masha is a dowry. The Mironovs have “only one soul, Palashka,” while the Grinyovs have three hundred peasants. The father forbids Grinyov to marry and promises to transfer him from the Belogorsk fortress "somewhere far away" so that the "nonsense" will pass.
After this letter, life became unbearable for Grinev, he falls into a gloomy reverie, seeks solitude. "I was afraid either to go crazy or to go into debauchery." And only "unexpected events," writes Grinev, "that had an important impact on my whole life, suddenly gave my soul a strong and good shock."
In early October 1773, the commandant of the fortress received a secret message about the Don Cossack Yemelyan Pugachev, who, posing as “the late Emperor Peter III”, “gathered a villainous gang, stirred up indignation in Yaik villages and had already taken and ruined several fortresses”. The commandant was asked to "take appropriate measures to repel the aforementioned villain and impostor."
Soon everyone was talking about Pugachev. A Bashkir with "outrageous sheets" was captured in the fortress. But they failed to interrogate him - the Bashkir's tongue was torn out. From day to day, residents of the Belogorsk fortress expect Pugachev's attack.
The rebels appear unexpectedly - the Mironovs did not even have time to send Masha to Orenburg. At the first attack, the fortress was taken. Residents greet the Pugachevites with bread and salt. The prisoners, among whom was Grinev, are taken to the square to swear allegiance to Pugachev. The first to die on the gallows is the commandant, who refused to swear allegiance to "a thief and an impostor." Under the blow of a saber, Vasilisa Yegorovna falls dead. Death on the gallows awaits Grinev, but Pugachev has mercy on him. A little later, Grinev learns from Savelich "the reason for the mercy" - the chieftain of the robbers turned out to be the vagrant who received from him, Grinev, a hare sheepskin coat.
In the evening Grinev was invited to the “great sovereign”. "I have pardoned you for your virtue," Pugachev says to Grinev, "[...] Do you promise to serve me with zeal?" But Grinev is a "natural nobleman" and "swore allegiance to the empress." He cannot even promise Pugachev not to serve against him. “My head is in your power,” he says to Pugachev, “if you let me go - thank you, you will execute me - God is your judge.”
Grinev's sincerity amazes Pugachev, and he lets the officer go "on all four sides." Grinev decides to go to Orenburg for help - after all, Masha remained in a strong fever in the fortress, whom the priest passed off as her niece. He is especially worried that Shvabrin has been appointed commandant of the fortress, who has sworn allegiance to Pugachev.
But in Orenburg, Grinev was denied help, and a few days later the rebel troops surrounded the city. Long days of siege dragged on. Soon, by chance, a letter from Masha falls into the hands of Grinev, from which he learns that Shvabrin is forcing her to marry him, otherwise threatening to give her over to the Pugachevites. Grinev again turns to the military commander for help, and again receives a refusal.
Grinev and Savelich leave for the Belogorsk fortress, but they are captured by the rebels near the Berdskaya settlement. And again, Providence brings Grinev and Pugachev together, giving the officer an opportunity to fulfill his intention: having learned from Grinev the essence of the matter in which he was going to the Belogorsk fortress, Pugachev himself decides to free the orphan and punish the offender.
I.O.Miodushevsky. "Presentation of a letter to Catherine II", on the plot of the story "The Captain's Daughter", 1861.
On the way to the fortress, a confidential conversation takes place between Pugachev and Grinev. Pugachev is clearly aware of his doom, expecting betrayal primarily from his comrades, he knows that he will not wait for "the Empress's mercy" either. For Pugachev, as for an eagle from a Kalmyk fairy tale, which he tells Grinev with “wild inspiration”, “than to eat carrion for three hundred years, it is better to drink living blood once; and there what God will give! " Grinev draws a different moral conclusion from the tale, which surprises Pugachev: "To live by murder and robbery means to peck at the carrion for me."
In the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev, with the help of Pugachev, frees Masha. And although the enraged Shvabrin reveals deception to Pugachev, he is full of magnanimity: "Execute, execute, grant, grant, this is my custom." Grinev and Pugachev part "amicably".
Grinev sends Masha as a bride to his parents, and he himself remains in the army due to his "duty of honor". The war "with robbers and savages" is "boring and petty." Grinev's observations are filled with bitterness: "God forbid to see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless."
The end of the military campaign coincides with the arrest of Grinev. Appearing before the court, he is calm in his belief that he can justify himself, but Shvabrin slanders him, exposing Grinyov as a spy dispatched from Pugachev to Orenburg. Grinev was convicted, he was in for shame, exile to Siberia for an eternal settlement.
From shame and exile, Grinev is saved by Masha, who goes to the queen to "ask for mercy." Walking through the garden of Tsarskoye Selo, Masha met a middle-aged lady. In this lady, everything "involuntarily attracted the heart and inspired confidence." Having learned who Masha was, she offered her help, and Masha sincerely told the lady the whole story. The lady turned out to be the empress, who pardoned Grinev in the same way as Pugachev once pardoned both Masha and Grinev.
Screen adaptations
The story has been filmed many times, including abroad.
- The Captain's Daughter (film, 1928)
- The Captain's Daughter - a film by Vladimir Kaplunovsky (1958, USSR)
- The Captain's Daughter - TV show by Pavel Reznikov (1976, USSR)
- Volga en flammes (fr.) Russian (1934, France, directed by Viktor Tourjansky)
- Captain's daughter (ital.) Russian (1947, Italy, directed by Mario Camerini)
- La Tempesta (ital.) Russian (1958, directed by Alberto Lattuada)
- The Captain's Daughter (1958, USSR, directed by Vladimir Kaplunovsky)
- The Captain's Daughter (animated film, 2005), director Ekaterina Mikhailova
Notes (edit)
Links
Works by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin | |
---|---|
Novel in verse | Eugene Onegin |
Poems | |
Poems | |
Fairy tales | |
Fictional prose | |
Historical prose |
Pugachev's story Peter's story |
Other |
List of works by Pushkin Pushkin's translations from foreign languages |
« Captain's daughter"- one of the first and most famous works of Russian historical prose, a novel by Alexander Pushkin, dedicated to the events of the Peasant War of 1773-1775 under the leadership of Yemelyan Pugachev. The main characters of the work "The Captain's Daughter" live an unusual life in the imagination of each reader.
The main characters "The Captain's Daughter"
The main character of "The Captain's Daughter" is Pyotr Andreevich Grinev... An honest, decent young man, faithful to his duty to the end. He is 17 years old, he is a Russian nobleman who has just entered military service. One of the main qualities of Grinev is sincerity. He is sincere with the heroes of the novel and with the readers. Telling about his life, he did not seek to embellish it. On the eve of the duel with Shvabrin, he is agitated and does not hide it: "I confess, I did not have that composure that those who were in my position almost always boast about." He also directly and simply says to his condition before his conversation with Pugachev on the day he captured the Belogorsk fortress: "The reader can easily imagine that I was not completely cold-blooded." Grinev does not hide his negative actions (an incident in a tavern, during a storm, in a conversation with the Orenburg general). Gross mistakes are atoned for by his repentance (the case of Savelich).
Grinev was not a coward. He accepts the challenge to a duel without hesitation. He is one of the few to defend the Belogorsk fortress, when, despite the commandant's command, "the timid garrison does not move." He returns for the straggler Savelich.
These actions also characterize Grinev as a person capable of love. Grinev is not vindictive, he sincerely reconciles with Shvabrin. Malevolence is not characteristic of him. Leaving the Belogorsk fortress, with Masha freed by order of Pugachev, he sees Shvabrin and turns away, not wanting to "triumph over the humiliated enemy."
A distinctive feature of Grinev is the habit of paying good for good with the ability to be grateful. He gives Pugachev his sheepskin coat, thanks for saving Masha.
Emelyan I. Pugachev - the leader of the anti-noble uprising, who calls himself “the great sovereign” Peter III. Pugachev is one of the main heroes of Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter", the invader of the fortress in which the main characters of the story are. This image in the novel is multifaceted: Pugachev is spiteful, and magnanimous, and boastful, and wise, and disgusting, and omnipotent, and depends on the opinions of the environment.
The image of Pugachev is given in the novel through the eyes of Grinev, an uninterested person. According to the author, this should ensure the objectivity of the hero's presentation. At the first meeting of Grinev with Pugachev, the appearance of the rebel is unremarkable: he is a 40-year-old man of average height, thin, broad-shouldered, with gray hair in a black beard, with shifting eyes, and a pleasant but roguish expression on his face.
The second meeting with Pugachev, in a besieged fortress, gives a different image. The impostor sits in chairs, then prances on horseback, surrounded by the Cossacks. Here he cruelly and mercilessly dealt with the defenders of the fortress, who did not swear allegiance to him. One gets the feeling that Pugachev is playing, portraying a "real sovereign." He, from the king's hand, "executes so he punishes, he has mercy so much mercy."
And only during the third meeting with Grinev, Pugacheva fully reveals herself. At the Cossack feast, the ferocity of the leader disappears. Pugachev sings his favorite song (“Don't make noise, mother green oak tree”) and tells a tale about an eagle and a raven, which reflect the philosophy of the impostor. Pugachev understands what a dangerous game he has started, and what the price is in case of loss. He does not trust anyone, not even his closest associates. But all the same he hopes for the best: "Isn't there good luck to the daring one?" But Pugachev's hopes are not being justified. He was arrested and executed: "and nodded his head to him, which a minute later, dead and bloody, was shown to the people."
Pugachev is inseparable from the element of the people, he leads it with him, but at the same time depends on it. It is no coincidence that he appears for the first time in the story during a snowstorm, among which he easily finds his way. But, at the same time, he can no longer turn from this path. The suppression of the riot is tantamount to the death of Pugachev, which happens in the finale of the novel.
Alexey Shvabrin - a nobleman, the antipode of Grinev in the novel. Shvabrin is dark, not good-looking, lively. He has been serving in the Belogorsk fortress for the fifth year. Transferred here for “murder” (he stabbed the lieutenant in a duel). Differs in mockery and even contempt (during the first meeting with Grinev, he very derisively describes all the inhabitants of the fortress). Shvabrin is very smart. Undoubtedly, he is more educated than Grinev, he was even associated with V.K.Trediakovsky.
Shvabrin courted Masha Mironova, but was refused. Not forgiving her for this, he, taking revenge on the girl, spreads dirty rumors about her (recommends that Grinev give her not a poem, but earrings: “I know from experience her disposition and custom”, speaks of Masha as the last fool, etc.) ... All this speaks of the hero's spiritual dishonor. During a duel with Grinev, who defended the honor of his beloved Masha, Shvabrin stabs in the back (when the enemy looks back at the servant's call). Then the reader suspects Shvabrin of secretly informing Grinev's parents about the duel. Because of this, the father forbids Grinev to marry Masha. The complete loss of ideas about honor leads Shvabrin to treason. He goes over to the side of Pugachev and becomes one of the commanders there. Using his power, Shvabrin tries to persuade Masha to alliance, keeping her in captivity. But when Pugachev, having learned about this, wants to punish Shvabrin, he is lying at his feet. The villainy of the hero turns into his shame. At the end of the novel, after being captured by government troops, Shvabrin denounces Grinev. He claims that he also went over to the side of Pugachev. Thus, in his meanness, this hero reaches the end.
Maria Ivanovna Mironova - the main female character of the story, the same Captain's daughter, because of which the story bears such a name. Masha is a girl of about eighteen, pretty, modest, capable of passionately and lovingly.
This image personifies high morality and spiritual purity. An interesting detail: the novel contains very few conversations, in general the words of Masha. This is no coincidence, since the strength of this heroine is not in words, but in the fact that her words and deeds are always unmistakable. All this testifies to the extraordinary integrity of Masha Mironova. Masha combines simplicity with a high moral sense. She immediately correctly assessed the human qualities of Shvabrin and Grinev. And in the days of trials, which many fell to her lot (the seizure of the fortress by Pugachev, the death of both parents, captivity at Shvabrin), Masha retains unshakable fortitude and presence of mind, loyalty to her principles. Finally, in the finale of the story, saving her beloved Grinev, Masha, as an equal with an equal, talks to the empress she does not recognize and even contradicts her. As a result, the heroine wins, freeing Grinev from prison. Thus, the captain's daughter Masha Mironova is the bearer of the best traits of the Russian national character.
Ivan Kuzmich Mironov- the captain of the fortress, in which the events of Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" unfold. This is a minor character, father the main character... According to the plot, his fortress is captured by rioters led by Pugachev. Captain Mironov is the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, a kind, honest, deeply decent person, a loyal campaigner who did not break his oath even in the face of death.
Vasilisa Egorovna- the wife of Captain Mironov, kind, economic, ardently loving her husband and daughter. A woman who is aware of all events in the fortress.
Andrey Petrovich Grinev- Petrusha's father, in his youth he served under Count Minich and retired as Prime Major. For his only son, he does not look for easy ways, therefore he sends him to serve not in St. Petersburg, where the regiment to which Petrusha was assigned is stationed, but in the hinterland, in the army, in the Belogorsk fortress.
Avdotya Vasilievna Grineva- Petrusha's mother, wife, who gave birth to 9 children, 8 of whom died in infancy, so that Petrusha turned out to be the only son of the Grinyov couple.
Beaupre- the governor of Petrusha, who was a hairdresser in France.
Savelich- the uncle of Petrusha, that is, the serf of the Grinyovs, who raised Petrusha, watched the child while he was growing up. sent together with Peter to the fortress. Thanks to Savelich, Pyotr Grinev was not executed by Pugachev.
Ivan Ivanovich Zurin- the captain who beat Petrusha in Simbirsk. At the end of the story, he will contribute to the capture of the fugitive Shvabrin.
The main characters of the novel "The Captain's Daughter"- Petr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin immediately grab the reader's attention. From the very beginning of acquaintance with them, it turns out that these people have very, very little in common. However, they are both young, daring, hot, smart and, on top of that, have a noble origin. Fate decreed that both of them ended up in a distant fortress and both fell in love with the captain's daughter Masha Mironova. And it is in the feeling for Masha that the difference between the characters begins to manifest.
Even before Pyotr Grinev met Masha, Shvabrin had already taken care of presenting her potential rival as a "complete fool." Shvabrin is sarcastic and mocking, he tries to ridicule everything and everyone around him. That is why it is becoming more and more difficult for Grinev to communicate with him. “Of course, I saw AI Shvabrin every day; but hour by hour his conversation became less pleasant for me. I did not like his usual jokes about the commandant's family, especially his sharp remarks about Marya Ivanovna. There was no other society in the fortress, but I did not want another ”.
The first major quarrel, which led to a duel, broke out between Shvabrin and Grinev precisely because of Masha. Shvabrin set out to defame the girl's honest name, tried to show her in the most unfavorable light. The quarrel showed Grinev the true face of his opponent. And he already assesses his recent interlocutor quite differently, with whom he had previously been in the most friendly relations.
Only later does Pyotr Grinev find out that, it turns out, Shvabrin has tender feelings for Masha. He even wooed the captain's daughter, although he was refused. Only then did Pyotr Grinev realize that in fact Shvabrin specifically wanted to discredit the poor girl in his eyes. Shvabrin feared rivalry and did everything possible to remove the obstacle in the person of Grinev.
It seems surprising to the reader that such a simple girl as Masha Mironova could arouse Shvabrin's interest in herself. Obviously, Masha's modest grace, sensitivity and tenderness seemed to Shvabrin quite worthy of attention. Masha's refusal hurts Shvabrin's pride and makes it impossible to continue any relationship with her. Needless to say, the happy lover Pyotr Grinev quickly becomes Shvabrin's enemy.
Shvabrin is not distinguished by nobility. That is why he easily commits betrayal and goes over to the side of Pugachev. How amazed Pyotr Grinev was when he saw Shvabrin among Pugachev's entourage.
What can the betrayal of a nobleman testify to? First of all, this means that the word "honor" is an empty phrase for him. Shvabrin is afraid to part with his life, and he is ready to do anything for his own salvation, and therefore takes the side of the rebels. And now the oath given to the empress is forgotten, all the ideals and traditions of the nobility are forgotten.
Grinev was raised in the family of a retired military man and became an officer himself. The officer's honor is above all for him. Therefore, despite the mortal danger, Grinev does not betray his military oath and dares to stand up for the orphaned Masha Mironova. Thus, rivals in love find themselves on opposite sides of the barricade.
Two officers - Pyotr Grinev and Alexei Shvabrin - behave completely differently: the first follows the laws of officer honor and remains faithful to the military oath, the second easily becomes a traitor. Grinev and Shvabrin are carriers of two fundamentally different worldviews. These are the main characters of the story "The Captain's Daughter" as portrayed by the author.
« will help you understand their inner world and the reasons for the misconduct.
Now you know who the main characters of the story "The Captain's Daughter" are, whom you should remember very well if you have read the entire work.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is still with school years is known to everyone as an outstanding Russian poet, one of the founders of the modern Russian literary language. His poems are often learned by heart, stories are listened to in the audiobook format, and the poems continue to arouse readers' interest. At the same time, Pushkin was engaged not only in poetic genres. During the period of his mature creativity, he became more and more interested in artistic opportunities prose, and later drama.
Pushkin's prose
The beginning of the formation of Pushkin as a prose writer dates back to 1827: then a historical novel was published, partially based on biographical material, "The Arap of Peter the Great." While in the autumn of 1830 in the village of Boldino, Pushkin created a number of works, including Belkin's Tales and Little Tragedies. It is obvious that at this time Pushkin is more experimenting, harnessing the potential prose genres. So, the story "The history of the village of Goryukhin" remained unfinished.
As a result, Pushkin formulates two principles that become fundamental for his prose works: accuracy and brevity. He carefully follows them, which makes it possible, with a relatively small volume of works, to create entertaining plot and implement it effectively.
After the autumn of Boldin, the proportion of prose in Pushkin's work sharply increased. Although many subsequent works remain unfinished, the writer is gradually getting to the top their skills: stories "The Queen of Spades", "Kirdjali" and "The Captain's Daughter".
The history of the creation of the story
Since the beginning of the publication of "History of the Russian State" by N. M. Karamzin, interest in the events of the past has increased significantly. Pushkin did not escape this either. Already his first novel is devoted to the past. The writer intended to create and scientific analysis reign of Peter I, but then the center of his interests shifted to more recent events: the peasant uprising led by Yemelyan Pugachev.
In 1834, a historical work about the peasant war was completed and published with the permission of the emperor. When creating it, Pushkin used three types of sources:
- Archival data.
- Oral conversations with old-timers.
- Personal inspection of the fortresses where the main battles of the peasant war took place.
But the charm of the era and the very personality of Pugachev did not disappear. The research he had done earlier becomes basis for the plot"The Captain's Daughter" - the last prose work of Pushkin.
Written in the form of a diary of an elderly member of the noble class, recalling the events of his youth, the work was published in a magazine called Sovremennik without attribution. Initially, Pushkin wanted to make the main character of Mikhail Shvanvich, a nobleman who went over to the side of Pugachev. But the plot noble robber had already been previously realized by him in the unfinished, so the writer changed his plan.
The genre of the work is a debatable topic. Two options are discussed, which can be briefly described as follows:
- "The Captain's Daughter" is a story, since it is a small text, it lacks a bright personality as the main character;
- "The Captain's Daughter" is a novel in its content, since Pushkin raised a number of important questions and raised wide circle problems.
Characters
The characters in The Captain's Daughter are known even to schoolchildren. Central character stories - Peter Andreevich Grinev - a young nobleman with highly developed sense of duty and justice... At the same time, he is alien to complacency and is not afraid to admit his own weaknesses: before the duel with Shvabrin, and then shortly before the conversation with Pugachev, he declares that he was not completely cold-blooded. But Grinev cannot be called a coward either. He accepts a challenge to a duel and takes part in the defense of the Belogorsk fortress. Grinev knows how to remember good deeds and forgive evil: he gives Pugachev a sheepskin coat, thanks for saving Masha, without a second thought puts up with Shvabrin.
The antipode of Grinev is Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich. He is devoid of external attractiveness, but he is very smart and educated. In terms of his moral characteristics, he is sharply opposed to Grinev: Shvabrin despises almost everyone, often makes fun of people. Having not received reciprocity from Masha, he does not shy away from spreading rumors about her, contrary to all ideas of honor in a duel with Grinev, he stabs him in the back. As a result, Shvabrin goes over to the side of Pugachev and, using his position, tries achieve reciprocity and from Masha. After the liberation of the fortress, Shvabrin declares that Grinev, like him, supported Pugachev.
Maria Ivanovna Mironova is the very captain's daughter, in whose honor the story is called. She is about the same age as Grinev. All high categories of morality, honor and dignity are embodied in her character. Masha is an integral nature, in the story she speaks very little, but at the same time her actions are always honest in relation to people. Despite the severe trials - the fall of the fortress, the death of her parents and captivity - Masha does not lose her presence of mind, does not indulge in complaints and lamentations, but tries to survive herself and help others at the same time, without sacrificing principles.
The image of Emelyan Pugachev is ambivalent, he combines both magnanimity and anger, he can be a braggart, or he can be a wise person. He leads the way the behavior of the king is presented to the people: he punishes and pardons those whom he wishes and as he wishes. The description of his appearance makes it possible to understand that this is an impostor: a peasant with a black beard, which has already been touched by gray hair, thin and broad-shouldered. Pugachev is quick to punish: he immediately executes the defenders of the fortress after its capture. But he is also characterized by some lyricism: Pugachev sings folk songs, relies more not on strength, but on prowess.
Numerous minor characters are also an important part of the work:
- Ivan Kuzmich Mironov is Masha's father and commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. He is firmly committed to the oath - which should be a good campaigner - that even the threat of death does not force him to betray her.
- Vasilisa Yegorovna, his wife. A kind and active old woman, she is distinguished by her hospitality. At the same time, she does not limit herself only to economic concerns, in fact, she is responsible for the leadership of the entire fortress.
- Arkhip Savelyev or Savelyich is Grinev's grumpy but kind servant. Loyal to his master and for his sake is capable of brave deeds.
- Empress Catherine I. I. Appears in the story once, meeting in the garden with Masha. Only thanks to her intercession, Grinev manages to avoid execution on the false accusation of Shvabrin of treason.
A brief retelling of "The Captain's Daughter" is interesting to many. Although the small size is what "The Captain's Daughter" is known for. The chapter summary below will give you a quick glimpse of its abbreviated content. Each chapter is preceded by quotation epigraphs, allowing a deeper understanding of the meaning of the text.
Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard
At the very beginning, biographical information about Pyotr Andreevich Grinev in his presentation is briefly reported. He comes from a not very wealthy noble family, poorly educated due to the negligence of Governor Beaupre. The story begins when Peter, accompanied by Savelich's servant, is sent to serve in Orenburg. On the way, Grinev meets Captain Zurin, who, seeing the inexperience young man persuades to play billiards with him for money. As a result, Peter loses a huge amount - 100 rubles. Savelich refuses to give money to pay off the debt, but Grinev, true to his ideas of honor, forces the old servant to do it.
Chapter 2. Counselor
Peter repents and promises Savelich never to gamble. Because of Grinev's indiscretion, they continue their journey, they face a new problem: not being afraid of an approaching storm, he ordered the driver to go on. As a result, they go astray. They were helped by a stranger who led them to inn.
Grinev has a prophetic dream: his mother informs him that his father is dying, but instead of his father, a strange bearded man lies in bed. This man wants to bless Peter, but he refuses. Then the false father grabs the ax, corpses appear everywhere, but Peter remains alive.
In gratitude for his help, Peter treats the stranger to wine and gives him his rabbit sheepskin coat. He promises to always remember this service. Finally, Grinev and Savelich reach Orenburg. A colleague of his father reads a cover letter, where he is punished not to spoil the young man, and sends him to serve in the Belgorod Fortress.
Chapter 3. Fortress
Grinev meets the commandant and his wife, easy-to-handle and hospitable people. They talk to him a lot about the Mironovs' daughter, Masha. From Lieutenant Shvabrin, Peter hears the assessment of the girl: she seems selfish and stupid. At the end of the chapter, Grinev and Masha meet, after which it turns out that Shvabrin's stories are just spiteful gossip.
Chapter 4. Duel
Grinev strikes up a close relationship with the commandant's family. He likes Masha more and more, so Shvabrin's caustic attacks on her anger the young man. Grinev writes fervent poems about Masha and decides to show them to Shvabrin. He ridicules both the poetic gift and the addressee of the poems. A quarrel ensues, which ends with a challenge to a duel. The commandant is trying to prevent this, and Masha tells that Shvabrin wooed her, but was refused. Despite all the efforts of Vasilisa Yegorovna, a duel with swords takes place, and at the climax, Peter, distracted by Savelich's cry, is wounded.
Chapter 5. Love
Masha takes care of the wounded Grinev, and a mutual attraction develops between them. Peter sends a letter to his father, where he talks about what happened, but receives an angry answer from him: Shvabrin has already informed the elder Grinev about the episode with the duel. Father does not want to hear anything about marriage, and Masha refuses to get married without a blessing.
Chapter 6. Pugachevshchina
In the meantime, it becomes known that Pugachev's troops are approaching the fortress. The fortress garrison is preparing for defense. The commandant tries to send his wife and daughter to Orenburg, but Vasilisa Yegorovna does not agree to leave her husband, and Masha fails to leave the fortress.
Chapter 7. Attack
Pugachev's army surrounds the fortress, and the chieftain offers to surrender without a fight. The commandant refuses and orders to open fire on the rebels, but Pugachev manages to break into the fortress. This is followed by the oath and execution of those who do not wish to take the oath. Savelich manages to beg for a pardon for Grinev.
Chapter 8. An uninvited guest
Masha hides in the house of the priest, and fearing for her life, Grinev goes there. In the house, he encounters the stubborn Pugachev and his closest henchmen. It turns out that Pugachev was the same stranger who saved Grinev in a blizzard. In gratitude, the chieftain gives the young man freedom and allows him to leave for Orenburg.
Chapter 9. Parting
In Orenburg, Grinev must report that Pugachev will attack the city in a week. Together with Savelich, he leaves the fortress, where Masha remains in captivity of Shvabrin. Grinev's property was plundered, but Pugachev gives him a horse, a sheepskin coat and some money, which the messenger, however, does not give.
Chapter 10. Siege of the city
A military council is being held in Orenburg, at which only Grinev speaks out for an attack on the rebels. Pugachev surrounds the city, a terrible famine begins. Defenders make unsuccessful forays into the enemy's camp. In one of these cases, Grinev is given a letter from Masha, where she says that Shvabrin is forcing her to marry him. Having received no soldiers from the command, Grninev decides personally save girl.
Chapter 11. Rebellious settlement
The rebels capture Grinev and send him to Pugachev. He wants to find out why the young man wanted to enter the fortress, and Grinev honestly talks about his plans to rescue Masha. On the way to the fortress, the chieftain shares his plans with the young man: to go to Moscow. Grinev begs the rebel to surrender, but he declares that it is too late and either he will win, or his days will end on the chopping block.
Chapter 12. Orphan
Masha lives in difficult conditions: Shvabrin gives her only bread and water. Faced with Pugachev, he says that the girl is the daughter of a rebellious commandant. Only Grinev's intervention stops the impostor's anger.
Chapter 13. Arrest
Pugachev writes out a pass for Grinev and Masha, which allows him to pass through all the outposts. Together they send Peter to his parents, but they are confused with the rebels and ordered to be arrested. The error is soon revealed, and Masha is allowed to pass further, and Peter remains in the service. Government forces chase the rebels through devastated villages. Soon a message arrives that Pugachev has been taken prisoner.
Chapter 14. Judgment
Shvabrin accuses Grinev of treason, and he is arrested again. The Empress orders the young man to be sent into exile for life, but Masha goes to Petersburg and begs for pardon. The story ends with the execution of Pugachev and the wedding of lovers.
Analysis of Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" helps to better understand and understand the famous historical novel by Alexander Pushkin. It tells about the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev. The novel first saw the light of day in 1836, it was published in the Sovremennik magazine.
The plot of the novel
To do detailed analysis"The Captain's Daughter", you need to know the plot of this work well. The work is written in the form of memories of the aged landowner Pyotr Grinev about the turbulent events of his youth.
He tells how, at the age of 16, his father sent him to serve in the army.
On the way to his duty station, he accidentally meets Yemelyan Pugachev, who was then a fugitive Cossack who was only thinking about a large-scale uprising. They meet during a storm, Pugachev agrees to escort Grinev with his elderly servant to the inn, so as not to die in the elements. As a token of gratitude, Grinev gives him his sheepskin coat.
For service the main character stays in the Belogorsk fortress. Almost immediately, he falls in love with the commandant's daughter Masha Mironova. His colleague Shvabrin is also not indifferent to the girl and challenges Peter to a duel. During the fight, he is injured. His father finds out about the incident and refuses to bless this marriage.
Pugachev revolt
The rebels also come to the Belogorsk fortress. Masha's parents are being killed. Shvabrin demonstrates his essence by swearing allegiance to Pugachev, but Grinev refuses to do so. Peter is saved from execution by Savelich, who reminds Pugachev that this is the same young man who once gave him a hare sheepskin coat.
But Grinev still refuses to fight on the side of the rebels, he is released to besieged Orenburg. Peter begins to fight against Pugachev. One day he receives a letter from Masha, who, due to illness, could not leave the Belogorsk fortress. She writes that Shvabrin is forcing her to marry him.
Grinev rushes about, choosing between feeling and duty. As a result, he voluntarily leaves the unit, comes to Belogorye and, with the help of Pugachev, saves Masha. Soon he was arrested by government troops on the basis of Shvabrin's denunciation. Grinev is awaiting a verdict in prison.
Masha tries to do everything to prevent the death penalty for her lover. She goes to Tsarskoe Selo to see the Empress Catherine II. She accidentally meets the Empress on a walk. Alone and without retinue. She honestly tells the circumstances of the case, thinking that in front of her is one of the Empress's maids of honor.
Catherine II is impressed by this story. She lets go of Grinev, he returns to his parents, soon plays a wedding with Masha. This is summary"The Captain's Daughter" by Pushkin.
History of creation
This novel is a lively response of Russian literature to the historical novels of Walter Scott, which were extremely popular in Russia at the time. It is worth noting that Pushkin planned to write the historical novel back in the 1820s. This is how the "Arap of Peter the Great" appeared.
The first classic Russian historical novel is considered "Yuri Miloslavsky" by Mikhail Zagoskin. Literary critics note the influence of Zagoskin on Pushkin. For example, a meeting with a counselor repeats one of the scenes from "Yuri Miloslavsky".
The story of the creation of "The Captain's Daughter" is interesting. The idea of the novel came to Pushkin when he was working on the chronicle "The History of the Pugachev Revolt". For the sake of documentary information, he specially traveled to the South Urals, met with eyewitnesses of those formidable years.
Initially, Pushkin intended to make the main character of the novel the real officer Mikhail Shvanvich, who went over to the side of Pugachev. But apparently, the plot about a nobleman who is served as a robber was realized by him in "Dubrovsky". Therefore, this time Pushkin decided to turn to the memoir form, and the main character to make an honest officer who remained faithful to the oath, despite the temptation to go over to the side of the rebels for the sake of saving life.
Analyzing the history of the creation of "The Captain's Daughter", many note that the scene of Masha's meeting with the Empress in Tsarskoye Selo was most likely invented by Pushkin, having learned a historical anecdote about the mercy of the German King Joseph II to the daughter of a low-ranking officer. The home image of Catherine herself, obviously, was inspired by Utkin's engraving.
A novel or a story?
An important question asked by all researchers of Pushkin's work is how to define the genre of this work. "The Captain's Daughter" - Novel or Novel? There is still no consensus on this issue.
Those who claim that this is a story insist that the work itself is very small in volume. This is an important formal feature that indicates belonging to the story. In addition, the events described cover a short period of time, which, as a rule, is not typical for a novel. Supporters of this hypothesis also point to the mediocrity of the personality of Pyotr Grinev, as well as his entourage, arguing that such heroes cannot be characters in this novel.
In the dispute, what is "The Captain's Daughter" - a novel or a story, there is a second point of view. Not paying attention to its small volume, the researchers nevertheless note that the text raises a large number of serious questions and problems, covers important, eternal themes... Therefore, in terms of semantic content, it can be considered a novel, they believe.
There is still no definite answer to the question about the genre of this work.
Petr Grinev
One of the main characters in The Captain's Daughter is Grinev. At the time of the events described, he was only 17 years old. He is an ignoramus who, practically from birth, was enrolled in the Semyonovsky Guards Regiment. At that time, this was done with young men in almost all noble families. Therefore, when they reached adulthood, they were sent to the army already in the officer ranks.
Grinev appears before the reader in the rank of ensign. This is the main character, on whose behalf the story is told. At the same time, it is mentioned that by that time the country was already ruled by Alexander I. The story is regularly interrupted by old-fashioned maxims.
The act of Grinev in "The Captain's Daughter", when he goes from Orenburg to the fortress captured by Pugachev, is still being discussed. A Russian officer, faced with a choice - between duty and feeling, chooses the latter. He actually deserts, leaving his duty station, receiving help from the leader of the rebels. All this is for the love of the girl.
It is noteworthy that the original version contained information that Grinev died in 1817, but then Pushkin got rid of this fact. Belinsky characterizes Grinev's character as insensitive and insignificant. The well-known critic believes that Pushkin needed him only as an impartial witness to Pugachev's actions.
Masha Mironova
Masha Mironova in "The Captain's Daughter" is the main female character. Pushkin describes her as an 18-year-old girl with light blond hair, ruddy and chubby face. She is the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, where Grinev comes to serve.
At first, she seems weak and spineless, but her true face appears when Masha goes to the capital, to the empress, to ask for the preservation of Grinev's life. Prince Vyazemsky, giving an analysis of "The Captain's Daughter", notes that the image of this heroine is a kind of variation on the theme of Tatyana Larina.
But Tchaikovsky did not consider her very interesting character, but at the same time an honest and kind girl. Marina Tsvetaeva expresses herself even more sharply about Masha Mironova in "The Captain's Daughter" - "an empty place of any first love."
Alexey Shvabrin
The antagonist of Pyotr Grinev in the work "The Captain's Daughter" is a young officer Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin. Pushkin describes him as a short and swarthy officer with a superbly ugly face.
When Grinev finds himself in the Belogorsk fortress, the character of "The Captain's Daughter" Shvabrin has been serving there for five years. He ended up in this distant division because of a duel. He was transferred from the guard. As we can see, punishment did not teach this hero anything, since soon he calls another opponent to the barrier. This time Grinev himself.
In the fortress Shvabrin from "The Captain's Daughter" is considered by many to be a freethinker. At the same time, he is well versed in literature, fluent in French. But when one of the decisive moments in his life comes, he has to choose which side to take, he changes his oath and goes over to the side of the rebels, Pugachev's troops. In the future, he uses his position for selfish ends, forcing Masha Mironova, an orphan left in the fortress, to marry him.
According to many literary critics, this is the classic romantic villain.
Emelyan Pugachev
The figure of Emelyan Pugachev in "The Captain's Daughter" looks large-scale and colorful. For example, Marina Tsvetaeva, a big fan of Pushkin, saw in him the only present actor works, believing that he completely overshadows the nondescript Grinev.
It is noteworthy that for a long time Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky had a plan to stage an opera based on this work of Pushkin. But in the end he abandoned this idea. He decided that the censorship would never miss this opera because of the image of Pugachev in The Captain's Daughter. This character is written so powerfully that the viewer will be forced to leave the audience, fascinated by the rebel. Since Pushkin, according to Tchaikovsky, in the work "The Captain's Daughter" turned out to be a surprisingly handsome villain.
Epigraph of the novel
Researchers of Pushkin's creativity always attach great importance to the epigraph in "The Captain's Daughter". It becomes the famous Russian proverb "Take care of honor from your youth".
She very accurately reflects what is happening with Peter Grinev. For this hero, events develop in such a way that he is forced to make one of the most difficult choices in his life. Act like an honest person or, fearing mortal danger and probable punishment after that, betray those closest to him and his ideals, in which he believed all these years.
Remembering the heroes of "The Captain's Daughter", it is necessary to mention the father of Peter, who instructs his son before leaving for the army. He urges him to faithfully serve the one to whom he has sworn, obey his superiors, not chasing approval without reason, not asking for service, but also not shirking it, and also remember the proverb "take care of your dress again, and honor - when you are young." This is how the father formulates the basic values for Peter, pointing out what should be the most important in this life.
It should be noted that not only upbringing, but also key character traits help Grinev fulfill his father's order. He is always sincere and directly tells people what he thinks of them. Rescues Masha Mironova from Shvabrin, rescues his servant Savelich from the hands of Pugachev's henchmen. At the same time, he remains faithful to the word and oath that he gave to the empress. This adherence to principles conquers Pugachev. Because of her, he first leaves Peter's life, and then helps to leave with his beloved.
The honesty and loyalty of Grinev's oath are especially vividly manifested against the background of Shvabrin. The latter is an educated and eloquent officer, but he thinks and cares only for himself. At the same time, remaining completely indifferent to others. For the sake of saving his life, he easily renounces the oath and goes over to the side of the enemy. Such different heroes in "The Captain's Daughter".
Grinev's personality is made up of sincerity and a sense of duty. He tries exactly to follow the proverb that his father admonished and which is included in the epigraph of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's novel "The Captain's Daughter". Moreover, we can observe a completely realistic hero who at times is afraid, doubts the correctness of his decisions, but still does not give up his beliefs, committing truly heroic deeds for the sake of his loved ones and those close to him. For Grinev, in addition to duty and service, it is extremely important to always remain a person with a kind and loving heart who cannot tolerate injustice. Moreover, in those around him he tries to see only the good. Even in Pugachev, the first thing that distinguishes him is his intelligence, generosity and courage, the fact that he tries to act as a defender of the poor and disadvantaged.
In the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", the image of Pyotr Grinev is given in development. Each episode of the novel gives him the opportunity to prove himself from one side or another.
Analysis of the "Captain's Daughter"
Analyzing this work, the first thing to note is that it is written in the form of memoirs. Its structure consists of 14 chapters, each of them has its own title and epigraph. The work is based on a real historical event - the uprising of Yemelyan Pugachev, which took place during the reign of Empress Catherine II from 1773 to 1775. Many of the problems of "The Captain's Daughter", which are raised in the work, remain relevant to this day.
Let's dwell on the composition in more detail. At the outset, Grinev briefly recalls his childhood and adolescence, about life in his parents' home.
But there are two climaxes in the novel at once. In the first, Pugachev's army captures the Belogorsk fortress. Many officers were executed, including Masha's father, the commandant of Captain Mironov.
The second culmination of the novel is the heroic rescue of Masha by Peter Grinev, who remained in the fortress in the power of Shvabrin. The denouement is the news of the pardon of the protagonist, which Masha Mironova achieved from the empress herself. The novel ends with an epilogue.
An important role in the novel is played by the vividly described picture of a spontaneous and merciless popular uprising. The author dwells in detail on the main reasons for this riot, its participants and followers. As is often the case in the works of Pushkin, an important role is assigned to the people. For the writer, he is not some faceless mass that blindly follows the leader. Each representative of the people is a separate independent person. At the same time, people unite with each other, follow a specific goal. As a result, Pugachev is supported by the Cossacks, the Bashkirs, and the peasants.
Delving deeper into the characters' characters, it is worth noting that Pushkin attaches great importance to the upbringing and characters of the heroes. The author deliberately does not idealize the Grinev family. So, Grinev Sr. has an unsteady character, but Peter, on the contrary, immediately arouses sympathy in the reader. Even being at the beginning of his life path, he sacredly remains faithful to his words and deeds. He is a brave man who is not afraid of danger, which is why he commands the respect of most of the readers of this novel.
It is interesting that the Mironov family is described by Pushkin not without irony. The author endows Masha with a courageous and simple character, a pure heart and, most importantly, high moral standards.
Only one character, the slanderer Shvabrin, evokes a clear dislike. Very soon the reader will find out that he is capable of betrayal and denunciation and does not follow his oath at all. The image of the leader of the rebels, Pugachev, is majestic and tragic.
Readers are captivated by the simple and laconic language in which this work is written. This makes the events described as true as possible.