Fathers and sons summary of the main characters. "Fathers and Sons": the heroes of the immortal work of Turgenev

The most important feature of the amazing talent of I.S. Turgenev - a keen sense of his time, which is the best test for the artist. The images created by him continue to live, but in a different world, whose name is the grateful memory of the descendants who learned love, dreams and wisdom from the writer.

The clash of two political forces, liberal nobles and raznochintsy revolutionaries, has found artistic embodiment in a new work, which is being created in a difficult period of social confrontation.

The idea of ​​"Fathers and Sons" is the result of communication with the staff of the Sovremennik magazine, where the writer worked for a long time. The writer was very worried about leaving the magazine, because the memory of Belinsky was associated with him. Dobrolyubov's articles, with whom Ivan Sergeevich constantly argued and sometimes disagreed, served as a real basis for depicting ideological differences. The radical young man was not on the side of gradual reforms, like the author of Fathers and Sons, but firmly believed in the path of revolutionary transformation of Russia. The editor of the magazine, Nikolai Nekrasov, supported this point of view, so the classics left the editorial office. fiction— Tolstoy and Turgenev.

The first sketches for the future novel were made at the end of July 1860 on the English Isle of Wight. The image of Bazarov was defined by the author as the character of a self-confident, hard-working, nihilist person who does not recognize compromises and authorities. Working on the novel, Turgenev involuntarily imbued with sympathy for his character. In this he is helped by the diary of the protagonist, which is kept by the writer himself.

In May 1861, the writer returns from Paris to his Spasskoe estate and makes the last entry in the manuscripts. In February 1862, the novel was published in Russkiy Vestnik.

Main problems

After reading the novel, you understand its true value, created by the "genius of measure" (D. Merezhkovsky). What did Turgenev like? What did you doubt? What did you dream about?

1. Central to the book are moral problem intergenerational relationships. "Fathers" or "children"? The fate of everyone is connected with the search for an answer to the question: what is the meaning of life? For the new people, it consists in work, but the old guard sees it in reasoning and contemplation, because crowds of peasants work for them. In this principled position there is a place for an irreconcilable conflict: fathers and children live differently. In this divergence we see the problem of misunderstanding of opposites. The antagonists cannot and do not want to accept each other, especially this impasse can be traced in the relationship between Pavel Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov.
2. Just as acute is the problem moral choice: on which side is the truth? Turgenev believed that the past cannot be denied, because only thanks to it the future is being built. In the image of Bazarov, he expressed the need to preserve the continuity of generations. The hero is unhappy because he is lonely and understood, because he himself did not strive for anyone and did not want to understand. However, changes, whether the people of the past like it or not, will come anyway, and we must be ready for them. This is evidenced by the ironic image of Pavel Kirsanov, who lost his sense of reality, putting on ceremonial tailcoats in the village. The writer urges to be sensitive to changes and try to understand them, and not indiscriminately scold, like Uncle Arkady. Thus, the solution to the problem is in a tolerant attitude. different people each other and an attempt to know the opposite life concept. In this sense, the position of Nikolai Kirsanov won, who was tolerant of new trends and was never in a hurry to judge them. His son also found a compromise solution.
3. However, the author made it clear that there is a high purpose behind the tragedy of Bazarov. It is precisely such desperate and self-confident pioneers who pave the way for the world forward, so the problem of recognizing this mission in society also occupies an important place. Eugene repents on his deathbed that he feels unnecessary, this realization destroys him, and he could become a great scientist or a skilled doctor. But the cruel mores of the conservative world push him out, because they feel threatened in him.
4. The problems of the "new" people, the raznochintsy intelligentsia, difficult relationships in society, with parents, in the family are also obvious. Raznochintsy do not have profitable estates and position in society, therefore they are forced to work and become hardened, seeing social injustice: they work hard for a piece of bread, and the nobles, stupid and mediocre, do nothing and occupy all the upper floors of the social hierarchy, where the elevator simply does not reach . Hence the revolutionary sentiments and the moral crisis of an entire generation.
5. Problems of eternal human values: love, friendship, art, attitude to nature. Turgenev knew how to reveal the depths of human nature in love, to test the true essence of a person with love. But not everyone passes this test, an example of this is Bazarov, who breaks down under the onslaught of feelings.

All the interests and ideas of the writer were entirely focused on the most important tasks of the time, went towards the most burning problems of everyday life.

Characteristics of the heroes of the novel

Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov- comes from the people. The son of a regimental doctor. Grandfather from the father's side "plowed the land." Eugene himself makes his way in life, receives a good education. Therefore, the hero is careless in clothes and manners, no one brought him up. Bazarov is a representative of the new revolutionary-democratic generation, whose task is to destroy the old way of life, to fight against those who hinder social development. A complex, doubting person, but proud and adamant. How to fix society, Yevgeny Vasilyevich is very vague. Denies old world, accepts only what is confirmed by practice.

• The writer displayed in Bazarov the type young man who believes exclusively in scientific activity and denies religion. The hero has a deep interest in the natural sciences. From childhood, his parents instilled in him a love of work.
• He condemns the people for illiteracy and ignorance, but is proud of his origin. The views and beliefs of Bazarov do not find like-minded people. Sitnikov, a talker and a phrase-monger, and the "emancipated" Kukshina are useless "followers".
• In Yevgeny Vasilyevich, a soul unknown to him rushes about. What should a physiologist and an anatomist do with it? It is not visible under a microscope. But the soul hurts, although it - a scientific fact - does not exist!
• Turgenev spends most of the novel exploring the "temptations" of his hero. He torments him with the love of old people - parents - what to do with them? And love for Odintsova? Principles are in no way compatible with life, with the living movements of people. What remains for Bazarov? Only die. Death is his last test. He accepts her heroically, does not comfort himself with the spells of a materialist, but calls for his beloved.
• The spirit conquers the enraged mind, overcomes the delusions of the schemes and postulates of the new teaching.

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov - bearer of noble culture. Bazarov is disgusted by Pavel Petrovich's "starched collars", "long nails". But the hero's aristocratic manners are an inner weakness, a secret consciousness of his inferiority.

• Kirsanov believes that self-respect means taking care of your appearance and never losing your dignity, even in the countryside. He composes his daily routine in the English manner.
• Pavel Petrovich retired, indulging in love experiences. This decision of his became a "resignation" from life. Love does not bring joy to a person if he lives only by its interests and whims.
• The hero is guided by principles taken "on faith" that correspond to his position as a feudal lord. Honors the Russian people for patriarchy and obedience.
• In relation to a woman, the strength and passion of feelings are manifested, but he does not understand them.
• Pavel Petrovich is indifferent to nature. The denial of her beauty speaks of his spiritual limitations.
• This man is deeply unhappy.

Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov- father of Arkady and brother of Pavel Petrovich. Do military career failed, but he did not despair and entered the university. After the death of his wife, he devoted himself to his son and the improvement of the estate.

• The characteristic features of the character are gentleness, humility. The intelligence of the hero causes sympathy and respect. Nikolai Petrovich is a romantic at heart, loves music, recites poetry.
• He is an opponent of nihilism, he tries to smooth out any emerging differences. Live in harmony with your heart and conscience.

Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov- a person who is not independent, deprived of his life principles. He is completely subordinate to his friend. He joined Bazarov only out of youthful enthusiasm, since he did not have his own views, so in the final there was a gap between them.

• Subsequently, he became a zealous owner and started a family.
• “A nice fellow,” but “a soft, liberal barich,” Bazarov says about him.
• All Kirsanovs are "more children of events than fathers of their own actions."

Odintsova Anna Sergeevna- an "element" "related" to Bazarov's personality. On what basis can such a conclusion be drawn? The firmness of the outlook on life, "proud loneliness, intelligence - make it" close "to the protagonist of the novel. She, like Eugene, sacrificed personal happiness, so her heart is cold and fearful of feelings. She herself trampled on them, having married by calculation.

The conflict of "fathers" and "children"

Conflict - “collision”, “serious disagreement”, “dispute”. To say that these concepts have only a "negative connotation" means to completely misunderstand the processes of development of society. “Truth is born in a dispute” - this axiom can be considered a “key” that opens the veil on the problems posed by Turgenev in the novel.

Disputes - the main compositional technique, which allows the reader to determine his point of view and take a certain position in his views on a particular social phenomenon, area of ​​development, nature, art, moral concepts. Using the "reception of disputes" between "youth" and "old age", the author affirms the idea that life does not stand still, it is multifaceted and many-sided.

The conflict between "fathers" and "children" will never be resolved, it can be described as a "constant". However, it is the conflict of generations that is the engine of development of everything earthly. On the pages of the novel, there is a burning controversy caused by the struggle of the revolutionary democratic forces with the liberal nobility.

Main Topics

Turgenev managed to saturate the novel with progressive thought: protest against violence, hatred for legalized slavery, pain for the suffering of the people, the desire to found their happiness.

The main themes in the novel "Fathers and Sons":

1. Ideological contradictions of the intelligentsia during the preparation of the reform on the abolition of serfdom;
2. "Fathers" and "children": relationships between generations and the theme of the family;
3. "New" type of man at the turn of two epochs;
4. Immeasurable love for the motherland, parents, woman;
5. Human and nature. The world: workshop or temple?

What is the meaning of the book?

Turgenev's work sounds like an alarming tocsin over all of Russia, calling on fellow citizens for unity, sanity, and fruitful activity for the good of the Motherland.

The book explains to us not only the past, but also the present day, reminds us of eternal values. The title of the novel does not mean the older and younger generations, not family relationships, but people of new and old views. "Fathers and Sons" is valuable not so much as an illustration to history, many moral problems are raised in the work.

The basis of the existence of the human race is the family, where everyone has their own duties: the elders (“fathers”) take care of the younger ones (“children”), pass on the experience and traditions accumulated by their ancestors, educate them in moral feelings; the younger ones honor adults, adopt from them everything important and best that is necessary for the formation of a person of a new formation. However, their task is also the creation of fundamental innovations, which is impossible without some denial of past delusions. The harmony of the world order lies in the fact that these “ties” do not break, but not in the fact that everything remains the same.

The book has great educational value. To read it at the time of the formation of one's character means to think about important life problems. "Fathers and Sons" teaches a serious attitude to the world, an active position, patriotism. They teach from a young age to develop firm principles, engaging in self-education, but at the same time honor the memory of their ancestors, even if it does not always turn out to be right.

Criticism about the novel

• After the publication of Fathers and Sons, a fierce controversy erupted. M.A. Antonovich in the Sovremennik magazine interpreted the novel as "merciless" and "destructive criticism of the younger generation."
• D. Pisarev in the "Russian Word" highly appreciated the work and the image of the nihilist created by the master. The critic emphasized the tragedy of character and noted the firmness of a person who does not back down before trials. He agrees with other critiques that "new" people can be resented, but "sincerity" cannot be denied. The appearance of Bazarov in Russian literature is a new step in the coverage of social - public life country.

Is it possible to agree with the critic on everything? Probably no. He calls Pavel Petrovich "Pechorin of small sizes." But the dispute between the two characters gives reason to doubt this. Pisarev claims that Turgenev does not sympathize with any of his heroes. The writer considers Bazarov to be his "favorite brainchild."

What is "nihilism"?

For the first time, the word "nihilist" sounds in the novel from the lips of Arkady and immediately attracts attention. However, the concept of "nihilist" is in no way connected with Kirsanov Jr.

The word "nihilist" was taken by Turgenev from N. Dobrolyubov's review of a book by the Kazan philosopher, conservative-minded professor V. Bervi. However, Dobrolyubov interpreted it in a positive sense and assigned it to the younger generation. Ivan Sergeevich introduced the word into wide use, which became synonymous with the word "revolutionary".

The "nihilist" in the novel is Bazarov, who does not recognize authorities and denies everything. The writer did not accept the extremes of nihilism, caricaturing Kukshina and Sitnikov, but sympathized with the main character.

Evgeny Vasilievich Bazarov still teaches us with his destiny. Any person has a unique spiritual image, whether he is a nihilist or a simple layman. Respect and reverence for another person is made up of respect for the fact that in him there is the same secret flicker of a living soul as in you.

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The problem of generations is one of the eternal topics that are touched upon by literature, philosophy, psychology and other fields. The work "Fathers and Sons", the characters in which are designed to demonstrate this conflict, is immortal, because the ideas of Turgenev's novel are relevant to this day.

Features of the construction and plot of the novel

The specificity of Turgenev's work is in the saturation with the details of everyday life. The reader is immersed in the atmosphere of the natural course of life, simple events, unpretentiousness and everyday life. The situation of the novel is as follows: two comrades come to rest in the village. Rest, parental care surrounds young people. Arkady is engaged in “sybaritism”, having defended his diploma with honors. His friend - Bazarov - a student at a medical university - devotes time to experiments and experiments. The plot of the novel is embodied in the short but frequent travels of the characters: either the comrades are visiting Arkady's parents, or they leave for Bazarov's father's house, or they stop by to Anna Sergeevna, a woman they met at the ball.

Ivan Turgenev follows the advice of Anton Chekhov, who said that fiction must repeat life in a combination of complexity and "holy simplicity." It seems to the reader that the writer depicts an ordinary lunch or dinner, but at this time people find happiness or, on the contrary, lose the joy of life. The most significant events begin here - at the kitchen table.

Parents and children - a classic "eternal" theme"

There is an opinion in literary criticism that one of the central problems of Turgenev's novel is the eternal conflict between fathers and children. But in “Fathers and Sons” (it is not for nothing that the writer gave the work such a name), the example of the difference between generations also demonstrates the difference between moral standards and the depth of feelings.

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Parents are an expression of the most sincere, touching, selfless and sacrificial love. These are the parents of Bazarov - demanding nothing in return. Father and mother are old people who miss their son, because it has been three years since their child has not visited their father's house. However, the psychology of the son differs from that of the parents: despite the fact that Bazarov also loves his parents, the hero shows affection differently. Bazarov's feelings for his father and mother do not require constant communication and contact. The young man calmly enjoys the hospitality of the Kirsanovs, travels with his friend to the city, then visits the house of a new acquaintance in Nikolsky, returns to the estate of his friend, Arkady, and only after that he finally decides to visit his parents.

The image of the intelligentsia in Turgenev's novel

Postmodern literature focuses on the fact that works are multifaceted, multilevel constructions that take into account the needs and interests of representatives of different readerships. However, the trend towards diversity appeared earlier. The novel by Ivan Turgenev is an example of this, because you can read this text in different ways. Someone pays attention to the plot outline, someone - to political conflicts between the "left" and "right", between liberal democratic forces and conservatives, etc.

The intelligentsia is the younger generation, these are “children”. Conservatives, monarchists - this is the old generation, the "fathers". Some literary critics believe that the author made derogatory remarks about the older generation in the novel. Let us recall the image of Father Bazarov. This is a man of the old school, who, however, solely out of love for his son, out of a desire to be closer to Eugene, reads newfangled books, newspapers and argues in the context of new, liberal rhetoric. Meanwhile, this is only a mask, because the hero remains at the level of conservative ideas.

The 1850s went down in the history of Russia as a time distinguished by the consolidation of the disparate intelligentsia. The events of the novel take place some time before the abolition of serfdom, in the late 1850s. On the nose - the year 1861 and the revolution. The author's biography also influenced the general atmosphere of the novel.

During this period, the writer worked on the staff of Sovremennik, a well-known magazine in those years. In Turgenev's work, a transformation is also planned: from poetic texts to prose, from romanticism to realistic tendencies.

In social arrangement Russian Empire changes also appear at this time: for example, a new system of so-called raznochintsy was born. These were people who could not be classified as nobles, merchants, philistines, artisans, etc. The origin of a person, therefore, ceases to play any role.

Dear you ours! We suggest that you familiarize yourself with which came out from under his pen in 1857 and, published in the Sovremennik magazine, delighted many writers, and also did not leave the readership indifferent.

The break with Sovremennik forced Turgenev to publish the novel in a conservative magazine. "Fathers and Sons" is published in "Russian Bulletin". A sharp controversy arises around the work immediately after publication. However, the debate is not about the literary side of the novel, but the political one: this is a polemic between the revolutionary democratic wing and the conservatives. In the end, the affair did not satisfy anyone - neither side. Meanwhile, the relevance of Turgenev's work cannot be denied, because the writer showed the causes of discord between generations, the motives for misunderstandings that arise between parents and children, as well as the disastrous consequences that this generational conflict leads to.

Thus, Turgenev's novel was published in 1862, and the reaction literary critics and readership on the works was mixed. The palette of reviews for "Fathers and Sons" was diverse: from stormy admiration for the novel to its extreme rejection and even condemnation.

Analysis of the features of the central characters of "Fathers and Sons"

Ivan Turgenev uses the classical method: with the help of the characteristics of the characters, the behavior and decisions of the characters, the writer conveys to the reader the main ideas of the novel "Fathers and Sons". Therefore, one should turn to the analysis of the specifics actors works.

The main figures of Turgenev's work

Bazarov

Yevgeny Vasilievich Bazarov has already turned thirty. This is an adult man who has an established system of views on the world. Bazarov is a skeptic and even a nihilist. Eugene rejects established values, questions conservative ideals. Turgenev describes Bazarov as a hero distinguished by coldness, harshness, sarcastic and cynical character. Eugene discards all principles - as befits a nihilist. The hero gives the impression of an arrogant, self-confident, proud and arrogant person. Often these traits are defined by the belief in intellectual superiority over most of the environment.

The role of nihilism in the life of Bazarov

Turgenev himself admitted that he abandoned everything “artistic” when he worked on the image of Bazarov. The figure of Eugene is sharp and even somewhat unceremonious. Bazarov demonstrates the image of one of the political currents, which, among other things, inspired Turgenev to create the novel. The writer put the revolutionary-democratic ideas into the mouth of Bazarov. Revolutionary and reformist ideals are what distinguished the "new man" of the mid-19th century. On the other side of the board is the liberal-minded nobility.

Bazarov has an independent character, a skeptical attitude towards reality, independence of judgments and actions, an outstanding, original mind.

Biography, the origin of the hero also influenced the worldview system of Bazarov. Eugene was born into the family of a regimental doctor, so Bazarov was proud that his grandfather worked on the land along with the peasants. Bazarov also despises aristocrats, not hiding this position. Nihilism is felt in the speech of the hero, in particular appearance, in manners and social position.

Bazarov's behavior is a frank challenge. The hero is deliberately careless, defiantly lazy, and in his speech he often uses common words. The whole appearance of Bazarov shows denial and protest against the authorities.

Kirsanovs

Nicholas

Father of Arkady Kirsanov. Turgenev describes Nicholas as perhaps the most goodie novel. The man is 44 years old, he is clean - in thoughts and in everyday habits. Nicholas is characterized by romance, calmness, balance. Kirsanov feels sincere love for his son. Nikolai's wife died, since then he has been a widow, in a depressed state after the death of his beloved wife. However, later Nikolai was lucky to meet Fenechka, a simple peasant woman, who eventually became his wife.

Arkady

The young man comes from a prosperous, wealthy noble family. Arkady is much younger than Bazarov: young Kirsanov recently turned 23 years old. Youth, naivety and sentimentality are features inherent in the image of Arkady. The young man is influenced by a comrade and friend - Evgeny Bazarov. Arkady graduated from the university, successfully defending his diploma. After that, both friends decided to stay with Kirsanov's parents. Arkady tries to inherit Bazarov in everything, but nihilism does not go well with the gentleness, generosity, kindness and romance of Arkady's nature. The young man is a fair, timid and chaste boy. Despite the fact that Arkady considers Bazarov an example, the young man still believes in true love.

Once Arcadia meets Katya - beautiful girl with whom Kirsanov develops a romantic relationship. Falling in love finally proves to Arkady that nihilism is not his philosophy. So the friendship between young Kirsanov and Bazarov is gradually declining.

Paul

The hero is 45 years old. Pavel is the brother of Nikolai Kirsanov and, accordingly, the uncle of Arkady. Once a man served as a guards officer. A hereditary aristocrat, Paul professes a system of views and beliefs characteristic of the aristocracy of that time. This means that Kirsanov is a supporter of liberal ideology. A typical nobleman, showing his actions and behavior pride and pride. Once Paul suffered because of unhappy love. After that incident, Kirsanov does not believe in love. He also acquired the traits of a misanthrope, a skeptic and a cynic. With relatives, Pavel practically broke off communication, having gone abroad.

"Fathers and Sons": figures of the second plan

Bazarov Sr.

Vasily Bazarov is an old man who is distinguished by good nature and simplicity. Bazarov Sr. shows love and respect for his son, being proud of how smart and educated Eugene is. Tries to inherit his son. Previously, Vasily Ivanovich served as a military doctor, but now Bazarov continues to practice medicine on a pro bono basis: he treats peasants who work for the Bazarovs on the estate. Vasily Ivanovich loves to talk, he tends to conduct "philosophical" conversations. The hero reads newfangled books and magazines, however, understanding very little from there.

A staunch conservative, Bazarov demonstrates his commitment to revolutionary democratic ideals in order to be closer to his son. The life of Bazarov Sr. is modest and simple.

Mother of Evgeny Bazarov

Arina Vlasyevna is a woman from the nobility who married a simple regimental doctor Vasily Bazarov. The estate in which the Bazarovs live is Arina's dowry. The woman is kind and sympathetic, but Arina Vlasyevna is distinguished by excessive piety and suspiciousness. Bazarova keeps the house in perfect cleanliness and tidiness, while the heroine herself is a model of accuracy, care and affection.

The woman dearly loves her son, trying to please Eugene in everything. Knowing that Bazarov is not a supporter of a demonstrative and open expression of emotions, he avoids his son, trying to have less contact with him. Unlike her husband, Vasily Ivanovich, she cannot understand Yevgeny and his worldview.

Anna Odintsova

Anna Sergeevna is only 28 years old, but the woman has already managed to become a widow. Anna is arrogant and cruel. The writer describes the heroine as an unhappy woman, because Odintsova does not know love and has never had sincere feelings for anyone. Accustomed to a luxurious life, a proud and arrogant beauty builds relationships based on calculation. Hosted by Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov.

Kate

Katerina is the beloved of Arkady Kirsanov. The girl was raised by her older sister. The young heroine is distinguished by a meek and calm character. Katya is smart, kind, a girl has an inherent attachment to nature, a love of music. Meanwhile, Katerina's sister is strict and principled, the older sister's character is much stronger than Katya's. Therefore, the heroine is afraid of her sister.

Victor

Viktor Sotnikov is described by Turgenev as coming from a noble family, who, meanwhile, hides his origins out of shame. Sotnikov does not have a great mind, he rather imitates authorities, inherits fashion, than is a legislator of innovations. The character of the hero is weak, too soft and cowardly. In behavior, Sotnikov is characterized by vulgarity and stupidity, importunity and thoughtless adoption of everything new. Victor wants glory at any cost: in this, the hero resembles Herostratus, a character of ancient legends who became famous for burning down the temple of Artemis.

Bazarov for Sotnikov appears as a mentor and teacher. However, after marriage, Victor falls under the heel of his wife and leaves his former hobbies.

Avdotya

The author depicted Avdotya Kukshina as a landowner, showing interest in new trends. Kukshina is friends with Bazarov, Kirsanov and Sotnikov. Avdotya takes in the marginal intelligentsia at home and positions herself as an emancipated woman. The appearance of the heroine maintains a deliberately careless, and the behavior of a woman is distinguished by swagger - this Kukshina considers a sign of progressive views.

bauble

bauble- some feminine ideal. A simple, pure, meek and gentle girl, about whom the reader does not get too much information. Naturalness, comfort, a tendency to spend time at home and with family - these are some of the features of Fenichka. As a result, the peasant girl becomes the wife of Nikolai Kirsanov.

Dunya

Fenechka's maid helping the girl in caring for the baby. A simple, naive and unpretentious peasant woman, Dunya loves fun and laughter. Although at home, while performing household duties, the heroine shows strictness and discipline.

Peter

Petya serves with Pavel Ivanovich Kirsanov. Peter positions himself as a smart and enlightened person, although the hero is a stupid, ignorant and dark young man. However, this does not prevent Peter from being proud and narcissistic.

Nellie

Princess R., or Nelly, is the same unfortunate love of Pavel Kirsanov. The author says little about Nelly, which makes the heroine mysterious and enigmatic. In the eyes of the reader, the princess appears as an eccentric woman, under the influence of which young minds easily fall. But one day Pavel Ivanovich finds out that Nelly has died: from that moment on, life loses its former meaning and color for Kirsanov.

Novel "Fathers and Sons"

Turgenev

- one of the most famous works of Russian literature XIX century.

This article presents the characteristics of the heroes of the novel "Fathers and Sons" in the table: a description of the main and secondary characters.

Characteristics of the heroes of the novel "Fathers and Sons" in the table

This was a description of the heroes of the novel “Fathers and Sons” by Turgenev in the table: a description of the main and secondary characters.

See: All materials on the novel "Fathers and Sons"

"Fathers and Sons"(Russian doref. Fathers and Children) - a novel by the Russian writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev (1818-1883), written in the 60s of the XIX century.

The novel became a landmark for its time, and the image of the protagonist Yevgeny Bazarov was perceived by young people as an example to follow. Such ideals as uncompromisingness, lack of reverence for authorities and old truths, the priority of the useful over the beautiful, were perceived by the people of that time and were reflected in Bazarov's worldview.

Plot

Actions in the novel take place in the summer of 1859, that is, on the eve of the peasant reform of 1861.

Yevgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov arrive in Maryino and stay with the Kirsanovs (father Nikolai Petrovich and uncle Pavel Petrovich) for some time. Tensions with the older Kirsanovs force Bazarov to leave Maryino and go to the provincial town of ***. Arkady goes with him. Bazarov and Arkady spend time in the company of local "progressive" youth - Kukshina and Sitnikov. Then, at the governor's ball, they meet Odintsova. Bazarov and Arkady go to Nikolskoye, Odintsova's estate, and Mrs. Kukshina, wounded by them, remains in the city. Bazarov and Arkady, carried away by Odintsova, spend some time in Nikolskoye. After an unsuccessful declaration of love, Bazarov, who frightened Odintsova, is forced to leave. He goes to his parents (Vasily and Arina Bazarov), Arkady goes with him. Bazarov, along with Arkady, is visiting his parents. Tired of the manifestations of parental love, Bazarov leaves his father and mother discouraged, and, together with Arkady, goes back to Maryino. On the way, they accidentally stop at Nikolskoye, but, having met with a cold reception, they return to Maryino. Bazarov lives for some time in Maryino. A surge of passion spills over into a kiss with Fenechka, the mother of the illegitimate son of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov, and because of her he shoots himself in a duel with Pavel Petrovich. Arkady, returning to Maryino, leaves alone for Nikolskoye and stays with Odintsova, becoming more and more carried away by her sister Katya. Having finally ruined relations with the older Kirsanovs, Bazarov also goes to Nikolskoye. Bazarov apologizes to Odintsova for his feelings. Odintsova accepts an apology, and Bazarov spends several days in Nikolskoye. Arkady declares his love to Katya. After saying goodbye to Arkady forever, Bazarov returns to his parents again. Living with his parents, Bazarov helps his father treat the sick and dies from blood poisoning, accidentally cutting himself during the autopsy of a person who died of typhus. Before death last time sees Odintsova, who comes to him at his request. Arkady Kirsanov marries Katya, and Nikolai Petrovich marries Fenechka. Pavel Petrovich goes abroad forever.

The novel became a landmark for its time, and the image of the protagonist Yevgeny Bazarov was perceived by young people as an example to follow. Such ideals as uncompromisingness, lack of reverence for authorities and old truths, the priority of the useful over the beautiful, were perceived by the people of that time and were reflected in Bazarov's worldview.

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  Actions in the novel take place in the summer of 1859, that is, on the eve of the peasant reform of 1861.

  Yevgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov arrive in Maryino and stay with the Kirsanovs (father Nikolai Petrovich and uncle Pavel Petrovich) for some time. Tensions with the older Kirsanovs force Bazarov to leave Maryino and go to the provincial town ***. Arkady goes with him. Bazarov and Arkady spend time in the company of local "progressive" youth - Kukshina and Sitnikov. Then, at the governor's ball, they meet Odintsova. Bazarov and Arkady go to Nikolskoye, Odintsova's estate, and Mrs. Kukshina, wounded by them, remains in the city. Bazarov and Arkady, carried away by Odintsova, spend some time in Nikolskoye. After an unsuccessful declaration of love, Bazarov, who frightened Odintsova, is forced to leave. He goes to his parents (Vasily and Arina Bazarov), Arkady goes with him. Bazarov, along with Arkady, is visiting his parents. Tired of the manifestations of parental love, Bazarov leaves his father and mother discouraged, and, together with Arkady, goes back to Maryino. On the way, they accidentally stop at Nikolskoye, but, having met with a cold reception, they return to Maryino. Bazarov lives for some time in Maryino. A surge of passion spills over into a kiss with Fenechka, the mother of the illegitimate son of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov, and because of her he shoots himself in a duel with Pavel Petrovich. Arkady, returning to Maryino, leaves alone for Nikolskoye and stays with Odintsova, becoming more and more carried away by her sister Katya. Having finally ruined relations with the older Kirsanovs, Bazarov also goes to Nikolskoye. Bazarov apologizes to Odintsova for his feelings. Odintsova accepts an apology, and Bazarov spends several days in Nikolskoye. Arkady declares his love to Katya. After saying goodbye to Arkady forever, Bazarov returns to his parents again. Living with his parents, Bazarov helps his father treat the sick and dies from blood poisoning, accidentally cutting himself during the autopsy of a person who died of typhus. Before his death, he sees Odintsova for the last time, who comes to him at his request. Arkady Kirsanov marries Katya, and Nikolai Petrovich marries Fenechka. Pavel Petrovich goes abroad forever.

  main characters

  • Evgeniy Vasilyevich Bazarov- nihilist, student, studying to be a doctor. In nihilism, he is Arkady's mentor, protesting against the liberal ideas of the Kirsanov brothers and the conservative views of his parents. Revolutionary democrat, raznochinets. By the end of the novel, he falls in love with Odintsova, changing his nihilistic views on love. Love turned out to be a test for Bazarov, he understands that an obvious romantic lives in him - he even declares his love to Odintsova. At the end of the book, he works as a village doctor. Opening a man who died of typhus, he himself becomes infected through inattention. After death, a religious ceremony is performed on him.
  • Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov- landowner, liberal, father of Arkady, widower. Loves music and poetry. Interested in progressive ideas, including in agriculture. At the beginning of the novel, he is ashamed of his love for Fenechka, a woman from the common people, but then marries her.
  • Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov- the elder brother of Nikolai Petrovich, a retired officer, an aristocrat, proud, self-confident, an ardent supporter of liberalism. Often argues with Bazarov about love, nature, aristocracy, art, science. Lonely. Experienced in youth tragic love. He sees in Fenechka Princess R., with whom he was in love. He hates Bazarov and challenges him to a duel, in which he receives a slight wound in the thigh.
  • Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov- the son of the first wife of Nikolai Petrovich - Maria. A recent candidate of sciences from St. Petersburg University and a friend of Bazarov. Becomes a nihilist under the influence of Bazarov, but then abandons these ideas.
  • Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov- Bazarov's father, a retired army surgeon. Not rich. Manages his wife's estate. Moderately educated and enlightened, he feels that rural life has left him isolated from modern ideas. He adheres to generally conservative views, is religious, loves his son immensely.
  • Arina Vlasevna- Bazarov's mother. It is she who owns the village of the Bazarovs and 15 souls of serfs peasants. A devout follower of Orthodoxy. Very superstitious. Suspicious and sentimental-sensitive. She loves her son, deeply concerned about his renunciation of the faith.
  • Anna Sergeevna Odintsova is a wealthy widow who hosts nihilist friends on her estate. He sympathizes with Bazarov, but after his confession does not reciprocate. He considers a calm life without worries the most important thing, including more important than love.
  • Katerina (Ekaterina Sergeevna Lokteva) - the sister of Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, a quiet girl, invisible in the shadow of her sister, plays the clavichord. Arkady spends a lot of time with her, languishing in love with Anna. But later he realizes his love for Katya. At the end of the novel, Catherine marries Arkady.

  Other heroes

  • Victor Sitnikov- an acquaintance of Bazarov and Arkady, an adherent of nihilism. Belongs to that category of "progressives" who reject any authority, chasing the fashion for "free thinking". He really doesn’t know anything and doesn’t know how, but in his “nihilism” he leaves both Arkady and Bazarov far behind him. Bazarov openly despises Sitnikova.
  • Evdoxia Kukshina- An acquaintance of Sitnikov, who, like him, is a pseudo-adherent of nihilism.
  • bauble(Fedosya Nikolaevna) - the daughter of the housekeeper Nikolai Petrovich - Arina Savishna. After the death of her mother, she became the mistress of the master and the mother of his child. It becomes a reason for a duel between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, since Bazarov, finding Fenechka alone, kisses her tightly, and Pavel Petrovich becomes an accidental witness to the kiss, who is outraged to the core by the act of "this hairy one", he is especially indignant also because and he himself is not completely indifferent to his brother's beloved. In the end, Fenechka became the wife of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov.
  • Dunyasha- servant at Fenechka.
  • Peter- Servant of the Kirsanovs.
  • Princess R. (Nellie)- beloved Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.
  • Matvey Ilyich Kolyazin- an official in the City ***.
  • Sergey Nikolaevich Loktev- father of Anna Sergeevna Odintsova and Katerina. A well-known swindler and gambler, after 15 years of living in Moscow and St. Petersburg, “lost to ashes” and was forced to settle in the countryside.
  • Princess Avdotya Stepanovna- Anna Sergeevna Odintsova's aunt, an evil and swaggering old woman. After the death of her father, Anna Sergeevna settled her with her. At the end of the novel, she dies, "forgotten on the very day of her death."
  • Timofeich- the clerk of Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov, the former uncle of Evgeny Bazarov. A shabby and agile old man with faded yellow hair.

  Film adaptations of the novel

  • 1915 - Fathers and children (dir.

  Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov- the central character of the novel; commoner, staunch democrat and nihilist. As a medical student, he has a skeptical attitude towards the world. Confessing nihilism, he is the ideological mentor of Arkady Kirsanov and the main opponent in disputes with Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. He used to hide his real feelings under the guise of an indifferent pragmatist. Having met Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, she is subjected to a test of love, which in the end does not stand up.

  Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov- hereditary nobleman; friend of E. V. Bazarov, son of N. P. Kirsanov from his first marriage. At the beginning of the novel, he shares the nihilistic views of E. V. Bazarov and is his student, but subsequently refuses his ideas. By nature, he has a soft sentimental character. In love with a girl Katya, whom he later marries.

  Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov- landowner; father of A.N. Kirsanov and brother of P.P. Kirsanov. Like his son, he is endowed with a calm and subtle nature. He loves a young peasant woman, Fenechka, from whom he will have a son, Mitya. Passionate about poetry and art in general, in one of the episodes he reads Arkady Pushkin. Upon the arrival of Bazarov, he cordially receives him; unlike his brother, he does not take part in disputes about nihilism.

  Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov- retired guards officer, brother of N.P. Kirsanov, an aristocrat, strictly committed to the principles of liberalism. In disputes with Bazarov, Pavel Petrovich is his main ideological opponent, who vehemently defends his point of view. The themes of love, nature, art, and science often become the source of disputes between the two heroes.

  Anna Sergeevna Odintsova is a landowner who became a widow in her young years. Upon receiving Arkady and Bazarov, he becomes the subject of the latter's interest. Cold and reasonable, she prefers a quiet, calm life to violent unrest, which is why she refuses Bazarov in love.

  Ekaterina Sergeevna Lokteva- landowner, younger sister of A. S. Odintsova. A quiet, kind and modest girl, brought up under the strict guidance of her sister. She loves nature and loves music. At the end of the novel, he marries Arkady.

  bauble- a young peasant woman in the Kirsanovs' house, beloved of Nikolai Petrovich. Despite her lack of education, she is endowed with all the virtues of a meek and sympathetic girl. From Nikolai Petrovich, he has a little son, Mitya. In the last chapter, it is shown that she becomes Kirsanov's wife.

  Option 2

  In 1862 I.S. Turgenev created the novel "Fathers and Sons", in which he reveals the important problem of conflict between generations. This problem helps to reveal a whole system of heroes, different in character.

  The first in the book before the reader appears Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. He is an aristocrat, a landowner, but he is completely incapable of handling the economy and the estate. He is a person who respects the traditions of his parents and follows them. Nikolai Petrovich received a full education, loves art, plays the cello himself and reads Pushkin. Despite the divergence of views with his son, Kirsanov does not conflict and tries to understand and accept his worldview. At the moment when Arkady takes Pushkin's collection from him and puts a book by some German writer, Nikolai Petrovich does not get angry with him, but only smiles.

  At the beginning of the work, the son of Nikolai Arkady and his friend Yevgeny Bazarov come to the Kirsanov estate. Both of them are people of the 60s. He has different views on life from his father, but in general they are similar in nature. He has a rather gentle character, he is also educated and easily understands his father. After communicating with Bazarov, Arkady falls under his influence and tries to be a nihilist, but in fact he is a sentimental romantic like Nikolai Petrovich. Soon the young man realizes this and falls in love with Katya.

  Bazarov Evgeny- the son of a simple doctor, raznochinets. He did not receive a proper education and could not hold high positions. He covers up his insignificance with the denial of everything - nihilism. He can treat people perfectly, but Russia does not need him. "First you need to clear the place," says Bazarov to Nikolai Petrovich. He destroys all the foundations, customs, and he no longer cares who will build a new one. Bazarov is presented in the form of an "extra person". And such his beliefs influenced his fate. He would never become a musician, an artist, because he does not recognize art in all its manifestations. It is important for him that a person be useful to society. Because of nihilism, he considered his falling in love with a mistake and began to fight these feelings, crush romance in himself. He began to experience depression amid the fact that he internally betrayed his beliefs. At the same moment, he decides to go to treat a typhoid man. Employment of thoughts, reflections led to injury and infection through the blood. On the basis of different views on life, Evgeny and Pavel Kirsanov begin to clash. The second one is trying to kindle all disputes, since he cannot tolerate such a person nearby, in whom he sees a competitor to himself.

  Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov- brother of the previously mentioned Nicholas. Despite their relationship, their characters are completely different. Like his brother, he is educated, an aristocrat. He always holds himself high, does not allow weakness, swagger in himself and does not tolerate it from others, strictly observing the principles. He loves everything in the English manner. He is a smart man, but bilious, who does not tolerate rivals, for example, Bazarov. "He was not born a romantic, and his smartly dry and passionate, French-style misanthropic soul did not know how to dream..." - this is how the author characterizes it. The character of Nikolai Petrovich is revealed in the story about him by Arkady. In his youth, the hero experienced a personal drama: he went up the career ladder, but unhappy love destroyed everything. Beloved Princess R. dies and Pavel Petrovich gives up hope for a happy life.

  At one of the evenings, young people meet Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. This is a strong, calm woman, a widowed countess with a rather vivid life story, during which she experienced a lot of things and now her desire for peace is due to this. By the age of 20, her father had lost all his means and was forced to go to the village, where he soon died, leaving his daughters practically nothing. Anna did not give up and discharged the old princess Avdotya Stepanovna Kh., but the upbringing of her twelve-year-old sister was not easy. By a lucky chance, the heroine marries a certain Odintsov, a wealthy sedate man, who dies after 6 years, leaving her a huge fortune. “She went through fire and water ... and copper pipes,” people said about Anna. She always remained calm and friendly, her eyes expressed serene attention to the interlocutor.

  Sister Katherine 8 years younger than Anna, she was a calm and intelligent girl, with a meek and gentle look. Arkady listened to her playing the piano and fell in love. At the end of the work, young people play a wedding.

  On the same evening is Evdoxia Nikitishna Kukshina. This is an ugly, unkempt woman with a new and progressive outlook on life, fighting for women's rights. "Emancipe" calls her Bazarov.

  Also at the end of the work, Nikolai Petrovich marries bauble- a peasant woman serving in the Kirsanovs' house. They have a son, Mitya, after learning about whom Arkady partially condemns his father because they are not yet married.

  Bazarov's parents- impoverished people. His father was a doctor, and his mother was a noblewoman by birth. Both love their only son.

  The main characters of the work Fathers and Sons (Description of characters)

  The composition of the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" is monocentric, which means that all the characters are subordinated to one goal: to reveal the image of the protagonist.

  Evgeny Bazarov is a 30-year-old medical student. By social status, Bazarov is a commoner, and by origin he is the son of a simple doctor who says about his grandfather that he plowed the land. Bazarov is proud of his roots and feels close to the people.

  Bazarov is a rather cold person. He cannot find a common language even with his own parents. Bazarov can be called " an extra person". This is closely related to his beliefs. Evgeny Bazarov is a nihilist who is critical of all generally accepted values.
  This theory of nihilism influences the fate of the hero. He denies love, but falls in love himself, he wants to be closer to the people, but there is a wall of misunderstanding between them. But Bazarov does not give up his convictions, he tries to suppress them. The theory, faced with real life, does not stand up and breaks the hero. Against the background of these internal fractures, he decides to treat the typhoid peasant, which leads him to infection and death.

  To show all the convictions of Bazarov the nihilist, Turgenev confronts the hero with the older generation, a prominent representative of which is Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. This is an aristocrat. Unlike Bazarov, he is far from the people and will never be able to understand him. Kirsanov takes an example from English culture: clothes, books, manners.

  Throughout the novel, the author pushes the views of Kirsanov and Bazarov on various issues. Pavel Petrovich cannot understand how one can live and not believe in anything. He believes that only people without principles can do without principles. moral values. The points of view of the characters constantly clash. And then we see that Kirsanov is a man of a bygone era. This is also indicated by the history of his life.

  Pavel Petrovich, the son of a military general, who dreams of becoming a military man, thanks to his determination, by the age of 28 he really achieved a lot. However, an unsuccessful love for the mysterious Princess R turned his whole life upside down: he quits his service and does nothing else. In the image of Pavel Petrovich, a whole generation is represented, which can only live out its life.

  Another image necessary to reveal the main character is the image of Anna Odintsova. The author tests Bazarov with love. Odintsova is a young rich widow of twenty-eight. She is smart, beautiful and, most importantly, independent of anyone. Odintsova loves comfort and peace of life very much. It is the fear of destroying a quiet life that breaks off all the love relationships of the heroine with Bazarov. However, Bazarov, going against his theory, irrevocably falls in love with Odintsov and does not pass the love test.

  Another representative of the "fathers" is Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. However, he doesn't look like his brother at all. He is kind, gentle and romantic. Nikolai Petrovich prefers a quiet, calm life in ancient times. He is madly in love with his son Arkasha.

  Arkady Kirsanov is a young educated nobleman. Having fallen under the spell of Bazarov, he also tries to be a nihilist. But soon the soft and sentimental hero realizes that he was not created to be a nihilist.

  The images of Arkady and two "pseudo-nihilists" - Kukshina and Sitnikov - emphasize the theory of nihilism. They try to imitate Bazarov, but it looks quite funny. Both Kukshina and Sitnikov do not have their own views. These images are given as a parody of nihilism. They are described by Turgenev satirically.

  If Anna Odintsova is a love test for Bazarov, and Princess R is for Pavel Petrovich, then there is still female images performing the same function. The image of Katya, with whom Arkady falls in love, is needed in order for him to get rid of the ideas of nihilism. Fenechka, she is closest to the ideal type of Turgenev's girl. She is simple and natural.

  Bazarov's parents, Vasily Ivanovich and Arina Vlasyevna, are simple and kind people who love their son very much. Outwardly, Bazarov treats his parents dryly, but still he loves them. Here Bazarov the theoretician and Bazarov the man collide.

  Important in the work are the images of ordinary men. Bazarov indicates his closeness to the people, understands all their problems, but there is no mutual understanding between them. The common people are alien to Bazarov.

  I. S. Turgenev showed great skill, describing various types of heroes, thereby revealing the image of the main character - Bazarov.

  Sample 4

  Evgeny Bazarov

  Evgeny Vasilievich Bazarov is about 30 years old, he is fond of natural sciences, he is studying to be a doctor. Bazarov considers himself a nihilist, he rejects art and love, he recognizes only facts proven by science. Evgeny Bazarov is sharp in his judgments, a hard and cold person.

  Bazarov falls in love with Odintsova. The feeling that the characters have for Anna Sergeevna destroys the nihilistic theories and ideals of Yevgeny. Bazarov can hardly cope with the collapse of his ideals.

  Eugene becomes infected with typhoid when a person suffering from this disease is autopsied. A brief illness kills the hero.

  Arkady Kirsanov

  Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov - Bazarov's junior comrade. Arkady is 23 years old. The hero considers himself a student of Bazarov, but he does not delve into nihilistic ideas. After graduating from the university, he returned home to Maryino. Arkady is a kind and unsophisticated hero. He respects the noble way of life, loves art and nature, believes in real feelings. Arkady marries Katerina Lokteva. IN family life the young man finds his happiness.

  Nikolay Kirsanov

  Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov is the father of Arkady Kirsanov. Nikolai Petrovich is a nobleman and landowner. In his youth, he wanted to become a military man, but could not do it because of his lameness. Kirsanov is a smart and kind person. His first wife was the daughter of an official. The hero loved his wife. Nikolai Petrovich was widowed early. From his first marriage he had a son, Arkady, whom he loves very much. Bazarov calls Nikolai Kirsanov a "golden man" for his kindness, hospitality, and warmth in communication.

  Nikolai Kirsanov has a romantic temperament, he is a calm, gentle person. Kirsanov marries a peasant girl, Fenechka, and they have a son, Mitya.

  Pavel Kirsanov

  Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov - the elder brother of Nikolai Kirsanov, uncle of Arkady. Pavel Petrovich is a proud, narcissistic, arrogant person. He considers himself an aristocrat with refined manners. Unrequited love happened in the life of Pavel Petrovich, the hero is internally unhappy. The elder Kirsanov goes abroad, practically does not keep in touch with his relatives.

  Minor characters
  

  Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov and Arina Vasilievna Bazarova

  Parents of Evgeny Bazarov. Vasily Bazarov is engaged in medical practice, helping the peasants. Good talkative person. Arina Bazarova is a sweet elderly woman belonging to a noble family. She is pious and superstitious. Arina Vasilievna loves her son, it is very difficult for him to experience his death.

  Odintsova

  Anna Sergeevna Odintsova is a young landowner, 28 years old. After the death of her parents, the younger sister Katerina remained in the care of the girl. Anna Sergeevna married Odintsov, a middle-aged nobleman. Some time later she became a widow. Odintsova and her sister live in Nikolskoye, on the estate of Anna Sergeevna.

  Odintsova has a beautiful appearance. Anna Sergeevna has an independent, resolute character, a well-read and cold mind. A woman is accustomed to luxury and comfort, leads a secluded lifestyle from secular society.

  Ekaterina Sergeevna Lokteva

  The younger sister of Anna Odintsova, she is 20 years old. A modest and intelligent girl who loves music and nature. Katerina is afraid of her sister's tough temper, the girl was brought up in strictness. Katerina is practically overwhelmed by her sister's authority. However, unlike Odintsova, the girl found her happiness: the mutual love of Arkady and Katerina grew into a strong union.

  Victor Sitnikov

  Considers himself a student of Evgeny Bazarov. Sitnikov is a timid, weak-willed person who follows fashion trends. The hero is ashamed of his noble birth. Victor's main dream is public recognition, fame. After marriage, a weak character is also manifested in family relationships. The hero obeys his wife in everything.

  Avdotya Kukshina

  Avdotya is an acquaintance of Bazarov and Sitnikov. Avdotya lives separately from her husband, which was a rarity in those days. Kukshina has no children. Avdotya manages the estate herself. Kukshina is untidy, according to the author, she is not beautiful woman. Avdotya loves to spend free time reading, enjoys chemistry. At the end of the story, the reader learns that she went abroad to study architecture.

  bauble

  A peasant girl, simple and kind. She most of all fits the description of the ideal of the Turgenev girl. The author admires the sincerity and openness of the heroine. At the end of the story, Fenechka becomes the wife of Nikolai Kirsanov.

  Peter

  Servant of Pavel Kirsanov. Peter, like the elder Kirsanov, is a narcissistic, arrogant person.

  Princess R.

  Nelly is the enigmatic heroine of the novel. She became the love of Pavel Petrovich's life, significant influence to his fate.

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