Biography of Turgenev, a summary of the most important. Biography of Turgenev

If asked to tell in a nutshell about the life of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, his short biography would consist of one sentence: he lived his life pursuing one goal and following one love. But, it is not enough to tell about this person in a nutshell, so we will consider the life and work of Turgenev in more detail, having read his brief biography.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev short biography

So, a classic was born in a rather wealthy family of a nobleman. This happened in 1818 in October. His development and upbringing was full-fledged, since parents could afford to hire teachers for their child. Turgenev, having this opportunity, delved into the study and already in his teens was well-read and knew three languages. The knowledge gained made it possible to enter the university of the capital without any problems, however, he will soon be transferred to St. Petersburg at the Faculty of Philosophy. During this period, his first work, "The Wall", was published in 1834. He graduated from his studies in 1837, after which he entered the Faculty of Philosophy in Germany. After graduating from a university abroad, Turgenev goes home and plans to create a philosophy faculty, but it was no longer possible to implement the plan, since the tsar issued a decree to close all philosophy departments.

However, biography and life path Turgenev continues and he tries his hand at positions in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. He tries to improve peasant life, but, having suffered a fiasco, leaves his post. Here he completely gives all of himself to creativity. Further, the life of Turgenev and his short biography for children and schoolchildren tells us about the formation creative activity... Turgenev's mentor was Belinsky, who helped determine the direction. In his works, the author uses realism, this is how the poem "Parasha" comes out, and after that from the pen of Turgenev other poems, theatrical plays, essays, stories, stories are born.

The life and work of Turgenev

I would like to talk about the personal life of the writer, but he did not have a family, but he was in love. He fell in love with the married French singer Pauline Viardot, and met her in Petersburg when she was passing through on tour. Since then, the writer has followed on her heels. Where she was, there he found himself. So Turgenev moved to live abroad, but longs for his homeland. He describes his melancholy in the work "Notes of a Hunter", which gained immense popularity. It was a success.

When Gogol passed away, Turgenev created an obituary. This happened in 1852. But, the censorship did not allow this work, moreover, for her Turgenev was in exile. He was sent to the family estate, which is located in the Oryol province, where he writes the equally famous masterpiece "" and several other works. Turgenev stayed in exile until 1856, after which he again left Russia and went to France, where he lived and continued to write until his last breath, occasionally visiting his homeland. This is how "Asya", "Fathers and Sons" appears.

The biography of Turgenev and its brief contents are completed by his death. Due to a serious illness, cancer of the spine, Turgenev passed away in 1883 on the wrong side, but was buried in St. Petersburg, according to his request in his will.

Biography of Turgenev interesting facts

Was Turgenev's biography short Interesting Facts? Were. They say that Turgenev loved to squander parental money in his youth, was frivolous and loved to dress like a dandy. His first love broke his heart, it was Ekaterina Shakhovskaya. And they also say that Turgenev had an illegitimate daughter, whom he did not recognize, but whom he helped. He loved to sing without hearing, and also could not stand the dirt and debris around him. He is such a classic of Russian literature.

Turgenev is one of the few Russian writers known and loved not only at home, but also in other countries of the world. Distinctive feature the writer - that most readers get acquainted with his stories with absolutely sincere pleasure. His creative archive consists not only of novels and stories, but also of poems and translations.

Main life stages

Ivan Sergeevich was born in 1818 into a noble family in the city of Oryol. After some time, his family moved to Moscow, where the young Turgenev entered the University. True, he never graduated - since he soon transferred to Petersburg to study philosophy in educational institution northern capital. After graduation, he went on a long trip to European countries to see the world and supplement his education.

Although the classic is mostly known to us for his stories, he began with poetic form- for example, in 1834 the poem "Steno" was published. The literary community greeted the novice author favorably, Ivan Sergeevich received a friendly welcome from critics - all this contributed to the further development of his talent. After releasing a few more poems and poems, the writer wrote the first works in prose - several short stories.

The most fruitful and successful period in the life of Ivan Sergeevich from a creative point of view was the years of cooperation with Sovremennik. Here he gradually published his "Notes of a Hunter", in writing and personally communicated with the literary stars of his time. Along with the original work, Ivan Sergeevich was engaged in independent translations of English classics - he was interested in understanding the rules and techniques of drama.

After the death of Gogol, Turgenev had to go into exile - though not far away, only to his native village. The fact is that the authorities did not like the too bold obituary written by Ivan Sergeevich. But the forced departure turned out to be useful for the writer - Russian culture was enriched with such works as "Fathers and Sons", " Noble Nest". True, it was only after the death of Nicholas I that these and other works were published in public.

In the 1860s, the writer again went to travel for a long time in Europe. Abroad, he introduced the rest of the world to the works of Russian classics, translating the works of his fellow writers. Europeans perceived their own prose and Ivan Sergeevich's translations with great interest.

The writer died in 1883. In the past few years, he had been plagued with ailments, but he retained a clear memory and mind.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is a famous Russian prose writer, poet, classic of world literature, playwright, critic, memoirist and translator. Many outstanding works belong to him. The fate of this great writer will be discussed in this article.

Early childhood

Turgenev's biography (short in our review, but very rich in fact) began in 1818. The future writer was born on November 9 in the city of Oryol. His dad, Sergei Nikolaevich, was a military officer of the cuirassier regiment, but soon after Ivan was born he retired. The boy's mother, Varvara Petrovna, was a representative of a wealthy noble family. It was in the family estate of this imperious woman - Spasskoye-Lutovinovo - that the first years of Ivan's life passed. Despite her heavy, unbending temper, Varvara Petrovna was a very enlightened and educated person. She managed to instill in her children (in the family, besides Ivan, his older brother Nikolai was brought up), a love for science and Russian literature.

Education

The future writer received his primary education at home. So that it could continue in a dignified manner, the Turgenev family moved to Moscow. Here biography of Turgenev (short) made new round: the boy's parents went abroad, and he was kept in various boarding houses. At first he lived and was brought up in Weidengammer's institution, then - at Krause. At the age of fifteen (in 1833) Ivan entered the Faculty of Literature at Moscow State University. After the eldest son Nikolai entered the guards cavalry, the Turgenev family moved to St. Petersburg. Here the future writer became a student at a local university and began to study philosophy. In 1837 Ivan graduated from this educational institution.

Pen test and further education

For many, Turgenev's work is associated with writing prose. However, Ivan Sergeevich originally planned to become a poet. In 1934 he wrote several lyric works, including the poem "Steno", which was appreciated by his mentor - PA Pletnev. Over the next three years, the young writer has already composed about a hundred poems. In 1838, several of his works were published in the famous Sovremennik (Towards Venus of the Medici, Evening). The young poet felt inclined towards scientific activity and in 1838 went to Germany to continue his education at the University of Berlin. Here he studied Roman and Greek literature. Ivan Sergeevich quickly became imbued with the Western European way of life. A year later, the writer returned to Russia for a short time, but already in 1840 he left his homeland again and lived in Italy, Austria and Germany. Turgenev returned to Spasskoye-Lutovinovo in 1841, and a year later he turned to Moscow State University asking to be allowed to take the exam for a master's degree in philosophy. He was denied this.

Pauline Viardot

Ivan Sergeevich managed to obtain a scientific degree at St. Petersburg University, but by that time he had already lost interest in this kind of activity. In search of a worthy career in life, in 1843, the writer entered the ministry's office, but his ambitious aspirations here quickly faded away. In 1843, the writer published the poem "Parasha", which made an impression on V. G. Belinsky. Success inspired Ivan Sergeevich, and he decided to devote his life to creativity. In the same year, Turgenev's biography (short) was marked by another fateful event: the writer met the outstanding French singer Pauline Viardot. Seeing the beauty in the opera house of St. Petersburg, Ivan Sergeevich decided to get to know her. At first, the girl did not pay attention to the little-known writer, but Turgenev was so amazed by the singer's charm that he followed the Viardot family to Paris. For many years he accompanied Polina on her foreign tours, despite the obvious disapproval of his relatives.

The flowering of creativity

In 1946, Ivan Sergeevich took an active part in updating the Sovremennik magazine. He meets Nekrasov, and he becomes his best friend. For two years (1950-1952) the writer was torn between the foreign countries and Russia. Turgenev's work began to gain momentum during this period. The cycle of stories "Notes of a Hunter" was written almost entirely in Germany and made the writer famous throughout the world. In the next decade, the classic created a number of outstanding prose works: "The Noble Nest", "Rudin", "Fathers and Sons", "On the Eve". In the same period, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev fell out with Nekrasov. Their controversy over the novel "On the Eve" ended in a complete break. The writer leaves Sovremennik and goes abroad.

Abroad

Turgenev's life abroad began in Baden-Baden. Here Ivan Sergeevich found himself in the very center of Western European cultural life. He began to maintain relationships with many world literary celebrities: Hugo, Dickens, Maupassant, Frans, Thackeray and others. The writer actively promoted Russian culture abroad. For example, in 1874 in Paris, Ivan Sergeevich, together with Daudet, Flaubert, Goncourt and Zola, organized the famous "bachelor dinners at five" in the capital's restaurants. The characterization of Turgenev during this period was very flattering: he became the most popular, famous and widely read Russian writer in Europe. In 1878, Ivan Sergeevich was elected vice-president of the International Literary Congress in Paris. Since 1877, the writer is an honorary doctor of the University of Oxford.

Creativity in recent years

Turgenev's biography - short but vivid - testifies to the fact that the long years spent abroad did not alienate the writer from Russian life and her pressing problems. He still writes a lot about his homeland. So, in 1867, Ivan Sergeevich wrote the novel "Smoke", which caused a large-scale public outcry in Russia. In 1877, the writer wrote the novel "Nov", which became the result of his creative reflections in the 1870s.

Demise

For the first time, a serious illness that interrupted the life of the writer made itself felt in 1882. Despite severe physical suffering, Ivan Sergeevich continued to create. A few months before his death, the first part of the book "Poems in Prose" was published. Great writer died in 1883, September 3, in the suburbs of Paris. Relatives fulfilled the will of Ivan Sergeevich and transported his body to his homeland. The classic was buried in St. Petersburg at the Volkov cemetery. Numerous admirers accompanied him on his last journey.

This is the biography of Turgenev (short). This man devoted his whole life to his beloved work and will forever remain in the memory of posterity as an outstanding writer and famous public figure.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev - was born in 1818 and died in 1883.

Representative of the noble class. Born in the small town of Oryol, but later moved to live in the capital. Turgenev was an innovator of realism. The writer was a philosopher by profession. On his account there were many universities in which he entered, but not many managed to graduate. He also traveled abroad and studied there.

At the beginning of its creative path Ivan Sergeevich tried his hand at writing dramatic, epic and lyrical works. As a romantic, Turgenev wrote with particular care in the above directions. His characters feel like strangers in the crowd of people, alone. The hero is even ready to admit his insignificance in front of the opinions of others.

Also, Ivan Sergeevich was an outstanding translator and it was thanks to him that many Russian works were translated into a foreign way.

He spent the last years of his life in Germany, where he actively initiated foreigners into Russian culture, in particular, literature. During his lifetime, he achieved high popularity both in Russia and abroad. The poet died in Paris from a painful sarcoma. His body was brought home, where the writer was buried.

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A very short biography (in a nutshell)

Born November 9, 1818 in Orel. Father - Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev (1793-1834), military man. Mother - Varvara Petrovna Lutovinova (1787-1850), noblewoman. In 1836 he graduated from the Faculty of Philosophy of St. Petersburg University. From 1836 to 1839 he lived and studied in Germany. In 1852 he was exiled to his village for two years. He moved to Germany in 1863. In 1879 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford. Was not married. He had an illegitimate daughter. He was fond of hunting. He died on September 3, 1883 at the age of 64 in Paris. Buried at the Volkovskoye cemetery in St. Petersburg. Major works: "Fathers and Sons", "Mumu", "Noble Nest", "Rudin", "Asya", "On the Eve" and others.

Brief biography (in detail)

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is a 19th century Russian realist writer, poet, translator and corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Turgenev was born on October 28 (November 9) 1818 in the city of Oryol into a noble family. The writer's father was a retired officer, and his mother was a hereditary noblewoman. Turgenev's childhood was spent on the family estate, where he had personal teachers, tutors, and serf nannies. In 1827, the Turgenev family moved to Moscow in order to give their children a decent education. There he studied at a boarding school, then worked with private teachers. Since childhood, the writer spoke several foreign languages, including English, French and German.

In 1833, Ivan entered the Moscow University, and a year later he transferred to the St. Petersburg Department of Literature. In 1838 he went to Berlin to give a lecture in classical philology. There he met Bakunin and Stankevich, meetings with whom were of great importance for the writer. During the two years spent abroad, he managed to visit France, Italy, Germany and Holland. They returned to their homeland in 1841. At the same time, he began to actively attend literary circles, where he met Gogol, Herzen, Aksakov, etc.

In 1843, Turgenev joined the office of the Minister of Internal Affairs. In the same year, he met Belinsky, who had a considerable influence on the formation of the literary and social views of the young writer. In 1846, Turgenev wrote several works: "Breter", "Three portraits", "Freeloader", "Provincial", etc. In 1852, one of the writer's best stories, Mumu, appeared. The story was written while serving his exile in Spassky-Lutovinovo. In 1852, "Notes of a Hunter" appeared, and after the death of Nicholas I, 4 of Turgenev's largest works were published: "On the Eve", "Rudin", "Fathers and Sons", "Noble Nest".

Turgenev gravitated towards the circle of Western writers. In 1863, together with the Viardot family, he left for Baden-Baden, where he actively participated in cultural life and made acquaintances with the best writers Western Europe... Among them were Dickens, Georges Sand, Prosper Mérimée, Thackeray, Victor Hugo and many others. He soon became an editor for foreign translators of Russian writers. In 1878, he was named vice-president at the International Literature Congress held in Paris. The following year, Turgenev was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford. Living abroad, his soul was also drawn to his homeland, which was reflected in the novel "Smoke" (1867). The largest in terms of volume was his novel "Nov" (1877). I.S.Turgenev died near Paris on August 22 (September 3) 1883. The writer was buried according to his will in St. Petersburg.