Victor Dragoonsky biography for children. Victor Dragunsky: biography
Dragunsky Victor Yuzefovich- Russian writer. Born November 30, 1913 in New York, where his parents settled, who emigrated from Russia in search of a better life. However, already in 1914, shortly before the start of the First World War, the family returned and settled in Gomel, where Dragunsky spent his childhood. After school, he became an apprentice of a turner at the Samotochka plant, from where he was soon fired for a labor offense. He got a job as a saddler's apprentice at the Sport-Tourism factory (1930).
He entered the "Literary and theatrical workshops" (headed by A. Dikiy) to study acting. After completing the course, he was admitted to the Theater of Transport (now the Theater named after N.V. Gogol). Later, the actor who performed at the young talent show was invited to the Theater of Satire. In 1940, his first feuilletons and humorous stories were published.
During the Great Patriotic War, Dragunsky was in the militia, then performed with front-line concert brigades. For a little over a year he worked as a clown in a circus, then returned to the theater. Appointed to the newly created Theater-Studio of the film actor (1945) Dikiy invited Dragunsky there too. Dragoonsky created a parody "theater within a theater" - the "Blue Bird" (1948-1958) invented by him played something like funny skits. In collaboration with the poetess L. Davidovich, he composed several popular songs (Three waltzes, Miracle song, Motor ship, Star of my fields, Berezonka). Admittedly, Dragunsky was a very talented person, but hardly anyone imagined that he would become a prose writer - it happened as if overnight.
Dragoonsky had a special flair for the little things in life. All this was reflected in Denisk's stories.
The stories are tied to a specific time (the first appeared in 1959), and although there are not so many signs of the time themselves, the spirit of the 1950-1960s is conveyed here. Readers may not know who Botvinnik is or what the clown Pencil is: they perceive the atmosphere recreated in the stories.
The exact details and certainty of situations in those few stories and stories written by Dragoons for adults, on the contrary, give these works a harshness. Their drama almost turns into a tragedy (during the life of the author, the story of the Old Woman was not published, which was highly appreciated by the editor-in-chief of the magazine "New World" AT Tvardovsky). However, the author does not give assessments, much less criticizes social reality: he draws human characters, according to which, as if by scattered details, a whole life can be restored. The story "He Fell on the Grass" (1961) tells about the very first days of the war. Her hero, a young artist who was not taken into the army by disability, joined the militia and died. The story "Today and Daily" (1964) tells about a man who exists in time, in spite of, at least, not in all agreement with him. Clown Nikolai Vetrov, a wonderful carpet-maker, capable of saving any program, making camps even in a provincial circus, is out of tune with himself - and in life he is uncomfortable, awkward. The story was filmed twice, in 1980 and 1993.
Dragoonsky died in Moscow on May 6, 1972.
However, already in 1914, shortly before the start of the First World War, the family returned and settled in Gomel, where Dragunsky spent his childhood. The formation of his personality was influenced not so much by his father who died early from typhus, but by two stepfathers - I. Voitsekhovich, who died in 1920 as a red commissar, and the actor of the Jewish theater M. Rubin, with whom the Dragunsky family traveled to the south-west of Russia. They moved to Moscow in 1925, but this marriage ended dramatically for the mother: Rubin went on tour and never returned. Dragoonsky had to earn his living on his own. After school, he became an apprentice of a turner at the Samotochka plant, from where he was soon fired for a labor offense. He got a job as a saddler's apprentice at the Sport-Tourism factory (1930).
He entered the "Literary and theatrical workshops" (headed by A. Dikiy) to study acting. After completing the course, he was admitted to the Theater of Transport (now the Theater named after N.V. Gogol). Later, the actor who performed at the young talent show was invited to the Theater of Satire. In 1940, his first feuilletons and humorous stories were published.
During the Great Patriotic War, Dragunsky was in the militia, then performed with front-line concert brigades. For a little over a year he worked as a clown in a circus, then returned to the theater. Appointed to the newly created Theater-Studio of the film actor (1945) Dikiy invited Dragunsky there too. Having successfully played in several performances, starring in the film Russian Question with M. Romm, Dragunsky nevertheless was looking for a new field: in the studio theater with its huge troupe, which included eminent movie stars, young and not very famous actors did not have to count on constant employment in performances.
Dragoonsky created a parody "theater within a theater" - the "Blue Bird" (1948-1958) invented by him played something like funny skits. The instantly famous team was invited to the House of the Actor, to research institutes. At the suggestion of the leadership of Mosestrada, Dragunsky organized a pop ensemble, which was also called "Blue Bird", and staged concert programs. E. Vesnik, B. Sichkin played here, texts were written by V. Mass, V. Dykhovichny, V. Bakhnov. For these programs, Dragunsky invented sideshows and scenes, composed couplets, pop monologues, circus clownery. In collaboration with the poetess L. Davidovich, he composed several popular songs (Three waltzes, Miracle song, Motor ship, Star of my fields, Berezonka). Admittedly, Dragunsky was a very talented person, but hardly anyone imagined that he would become a prose writer - it happened as if overnight.
Dragoonsky had a special flair for the little things in life. Memoirists recall that he found some wonderful Moscow corners unknown to others, knew where wonderful bagels were sold or that you could see something interesting. He walked around the city and absorbed colors, sounds and smells. All this was reflected in Denisk's stories, which are good not only because they convey the psychology of a child with extraordinary accuracy: they reflect a fresh, not distorted perception of the world - the very sounds, smells, sensations seen and felt as if for the first time. The fact that songbirds are shown in the "Pig Breeding" pavilion (story White finches) is not just an unusually sharp turn that gives an opportunity to look at events with irony, it is a detail that is both strikingly accurate and ambiguous: here is a sign of the times (the pavilion is located at VDNKh ), and the sign of space (Deniska lives near Chistye Prudy, and the Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy is located far from the city center), and the psychological characteristics of the hero (he went so far instead of going to the Bird Market on Sunday).
The stories are tied to a specific time (the first appeared in 1959), and although there are not so many signs of the time themselves, the spirit of the 1950-1960s is conveyed here. Readers may not know who Botvinnik is or what the clown Pencil is: they perceive the atmosphere recreated in the stories. And in the same way, if Deniska had a prototype (the son of the writer, the namesake of the main character), the hero of Deniska's stories exists on his own, he is a completely independent person, and he is not alone: next to him are his parents, friends, comrades in the court, just acquaintances or not yet familiar people.
In the center of most of the stories there are, as it were, antipodes: the inquisitive, trusting and active Deniska - and his friend Mishka, a dreamy, slightly inhibited. But this is not a circus pair of clowns (red and white), as it might seem - the stories are often funny and dynamic. Clownery is also impossible because, with all the purity and definiteness of expressive means, the characters drawn by Dragunsky are rather complex and ambiguous. The adaptations made later showed that the main thing here is the tonality, which exists only in the word and is lost when translated into the language of another art.
The exact details and certainty of situations in those few stories and stories written by Dragoons for adults, on the contrary, give these works a harshness. Their drama almost turns into a tragedy (during the life of the author, the story of the Old Woman was not published, which was highly appreciated by the editor-in-chief of the magazine "New World" AT Tvardovsky). However, the author does not give assessments, much less criticizes social reality: he draws human characters, according to which, as if by scattered details, a whole life can be restored. The story He fell on the grass (1961) tells about the very first days of the war. Her hero, a young artist who was not taken into the army by disability, joined the militia and died. The story of Today and Every Day (1964) tells about a person who exists in spite of, at least, not in all agreement with him. Clown Nikolai Vetrov, a wonderful carpet-maker, capable of saving any program, making camps even in a provincial circus, is out of tune with himself - and in life he is uncomfortable, awkward. The story was filmed twice, in 1980 and 1993.
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Biography, life story of Dragunsky Viktor Yuzefovich
Russian Soviet writer Viktor Yuzefovich Dragunsky was born on November 30, 1913 in New York. His parents, Jewish by nationality, left their native Belarus shortly before his birth, going to the New World in search of a better life. However, the childhood of the future classic of children's literature was spent in Gomel.
The war had a huge impact on the family of Viktor Dragunsky. Soon after it began, his father died of typhus, and his mother again married a commissar of the Red Army named Voitsekhovsky. Stepfather died in 1920 during the Civil War. But soon Victor's mother got married again. The actor of the Jewish theater Menachem Rubin became her chosen one. The second stepfather had a great influence on the formation of the personality of Viktor Dragunsky. He quite often used his stepson in theatrical performances, which allowed him to quickly master recitation, tap-dancing and entertaining. In this, Victor was greatly helped by innate artistry, a subtle sense of humor, as well as an excellent memory.
Creative career
In 1925, the family settled in Moscow, where its head Menachem Rubin and Ilya Trilling created their own theater company. But soon his stepfather unexpectedly parted with Victor's mother and went to America, where he became the director of the Jewish theater. As a result, Viktor Dragunsky became the only breadwinner in the family. Over the next few years, he had to try many professions, each of which did not become the work of his whole life.
In 1931, Viktor Dragunsky came across an advertisement for a course in the Literary and Theater Workshops. After 4 years of hard study, this educational institution produced a talented actor, who was accepted into the troupe of the Satire Theater. In parallel with his acting career, Viktor Dragunsky began writing feuilletons, the first of which were published in 1940.
War and post-war years
Asthma prevented Viktor Dragunsky from going to the front in the ranks of the active army in the early days of the war. However, after a few months, he nevertheless achieved his goal by enrolling in the militia. All the years of the war Viktor Yuzefovich spent in the front-line concert brigades.
CONTINUED BELOW
In 1945 he invited his former student to the theater-studio of the film actor. Despite his natural talent, Viktor Yuzefovich was not too often busy in theatrical performances. This was due to the high competition within the troupe with more eminent actors, many of whom were movie stars.
The search for an application resulted in the parody "theater within the theater" "Blue Bird", the first performances of which were presented to the public in 1948. The well-chosen format of funny skits almost immediately glorified the theater collective, which included B. Sichkin, V. Dykhovichny, V. Mass, V. Bakhnov.
Deniskin's stories
At the end of the 50s, Viktor Dragunsky gradually lost interest in "Blue Bird", work in which became routine for him, and therefore of little interest. In the winter of 1959, Viktor Dragunsky took a vacation, which he spent at his dacha in the suburbs. The vacation was just enough to write 13 children's stories about Denisk Korablev. The prototype of the main character of these works was the writer's son, and many events in them were taken from the real life of the writer's family.
"Deniskin's stories" were included in the collection "He is alive and shines ...", which was published in 1961. It is difficult to find words to describe the success of this book. Works about the adventures of a fidget were reprinted almost every year, which brought Victor Dragunsky a very wide fame, which turned him into a lifelong classic of children's literature. In addition to numerous children's stories, Viktor Yuzefovich, over the next 10 years, wrote two stories for an older audience - "Today and Daily" and "He Fell on the Grass ...". In 1980, after the death of the writer, who passed away on May 6, 1972, another work, What I Love, was published.
(1913-1972) Russian writer
Despite the wide popularity of Viktor Yuzefovich Dragunsky, biographical information about the writer is scanty and fragmentary. It is known that Victor was born in New York. His father died early from typhus, and the boy was raised by Commissar Voitsekhovich. At the age of sixteen, Dragoonsky's working biography began, he tried many professions: he was a worker, a saddler, a boatman.
For the first time he was able to realize himself as an actor when he entered the Literary and Theater Workshops, where A. Dikiy, V. Kachalov, V. Toporkov taught.
Since 1935, Viktor Dragunsky worked as an actor in the Moscow Theater of Transport (now the Theater named after N. Gogol), the Theater of Satire, the Theater-Studio of Film Actor. He also took part in circus performances and even starred in films, playing a small role in the film "Russian Question". Perhaps his work in the theater determined the special structure of his stories: each of them is built on dialogue and is a complete scene or miniature.
During the war, Viktor Dragunsky fought in the ranks of the people's militia. Returning from the front, he continued to work in theaters in Moscow. In 1948-1958, he directed the ensemble of the literary and theatrical parody "Blue Bird", which grew out of skits that were arranged in the film actor's Geatre studio. Together with his colleague on "Blue Bird" L. Davidovich tried to compose songs, and later collaborated with composers L. Lyadova and A. Tsfasman.
The literary biography of Viktor Yuzefovich Dragunsky began in 1940, when he began to compose feuilletons, texts for reprises of clowns, scenes for stage performances. Known for his miniature "The Magic Power of Art", for some time performed by A. Raikin. Some of Dragoonsky's works were later collected in the book "The Iron Character" (1960).
Fame comes to the writer in 1961, when the first sixteen stories about a boy named Deniska appear. Usually Victor Dragunsky gave a title to collections based on one of the stories - "He is alive and glows" (1961), "Tell me about Singapore" (1961), "The man with a blue face" (1963), "The girl on the ball" (1964), The Old Sailor (1964), Deniskin's Stories (1966), The Dog Thief (1966).
Over a decade of active creative activity, Dragunsky created more than 90 works. On their basis, scripts for films and productions were created ("Merry Stories", 1962).
The image of Deniska is collective, and the features of his prototype - the writer's son - are intertwined in it, and the strokes spied on by children of the same age, possibly reflected the childhood impressions of Viktor Dragunsky himself.
Deniska actively perceives the world, is in constant motion, something happens to him all the time, and he vividly reacts to what is happening. This unfading immediacy is the secret of the little hero's charm.
The main thing for the writer is to study the behavior of a child and partly an adult in a concrete everyday or everyday situation. Therefore, the narration is usually conducted in the first person, which gives it a special confidential intonation. Deniska is both a commentator and a protagonist of the stories.
Together with Nosov, Viktor Dragunsky managed to create a new kind of story, in which the comic situation determines the arrangement of the characters and allows the author to come to the necessary conclusions. He does not teach or moralize, but simply presents possible options for behavior.
The author constantly distinguishes between the world of the child and the world of adults. The phenomena of the outside world are explained through realities understandable to the hero. Deniska's characterization is given in the stories “What I Love” and “What I Don't Love”, which have become a kind of autobiographical characteristic of the writer. The author does not idealize Deniska, shows both the strengths and weaknesses of his character. Denis is afraid of the dark ("Twenty years under the bed"), likes to ask questions ("You need to have a sense of humor"), loves to command and be a leader ("And we!").
A special place among other characters is occupied by the image of a childhood friend Mishka, who interestingly complements Deniska's original characterization (“What Bear Loves”, “Childhood Friend”, “Space Distances”, “Exactly 25 Kilos”, “Fire in the Wing”).
In the stories of Viktor Yuzefovich Dragunsky, temporary realities are accurately conveyed. Talking about a puppy, father and son dream of the time when they will live in a more spacious apartment. The heroes enthusiastically play astronauts, watch films, sing songs. From such details, the atmosphere of the action taking place in the sixties of the XX century is formed.
The typicality of the situations created, the brilliant disclosure of the psychology of the child does not allow the writer's stories to become outdated. Using one-piece sentences, rhetorical addresses, specific vocabulary, simple and vivid language, the author creates a dynamic story.
In addition to stories for children, Viktor Dragunsky wrote two stories, also created on a biographical basis, but addressed to an adult reader. The first, "He Fell on the Grass" (1961), is dedicated to the events of the Great Patriotic War, the second - "Today and Daily" - to the circus and circus artists.
The special lessons of morality taught by the writer in his books attract all new generations of readers.
The difficult life path of Dragunsky.
Viktor Yuzefovich Dragunsky is a Soviet writer, author of numerous children's stories. Dragoonsky was born in New York into a Jewish family, later the family left for their native Gomel. This was the beginning of a long stage in the life of the author, marked by frequent travel. Father Yuda Pertsovsky died early, then stepfather Ippolit Voitsekhovich. The second stepfather Menachem Rubin moved the family to Moscow, and later left to direct the Jewish theater in America, from where he never returned.
Victor had to grow up early and start making money. In his youth, he managed to change and master a huge number of different professions that were far from literary creativity. For this, acquaintances were nicknamed "the man-orchestra", so multifaceted was his personality. After graduating from the Literary and Theater Workshops in 1935, he began performing at the Transport Theater. In 1940 he became an author, began writing feuilletons, poems, scenes, humorous stories, pop monologues for circus performers, and later he himself began to work in the circus. The story "Today and Daily" was dedicated to the everyday life of the circus workers.
Over time, roles appeared in the cinema, played in several performances as an artist in the Theater of the Film Actor. In 1948, Dragunsky independently created, as it later turned out, a successful ensemble of literary and theatrical parody called "Blue Bird", it existed for 10 years. Lyrics for songs composed by Dragunsky together with Lyudmila Davydovich in "Blue Bird" took root well on the stage.
At the beginning of World War II, Victor became a militia, the experience did not pass without a trace, in 1961 the story "He Fell on the Grass" was published about the hard days of war.
In 1960, a whole series of books "Deniskin's Stories" was published, which sold in huge numbers. The main character of the stories was the boy Deniska Korablev and his friend Mishka Elephants. Deniska is not an accidental invented name, the hero was named after the writer's own son.
It was with these cheerful and kind stories that the name of the author began to be associated, Dragunsky gained wide popularity. Films were made based on such stories as "Where has it been seen, where it has been heard", "Spyglass", "Girl on a ball", "Amazing adventures of Denis Korablev". And these are far from the only works of the author that have appeared on the screen.
Denis is not the only son of Dragunsky, the author had three children, he was married twice in his life. The son from the first marriage, Leonid became a journalist, the children from the second marriage followed in the footsteps of their father.
Victor was very fond of children and all his life tried to please them with his stories and performances. The author had many stories in stock, but he did not manage to tell all of them.
Songs based on the author's verses were published by his widow.
The writer died on May 6, 1972 in Moscow.