The image of frost in the poem red nose. The image of Frost in Nekrasov's poem "Frost, Red Nose
One of the important aspects of Nekrasov's poetic thoughts is the responsibility of the people themselves for what is happening to them, and here the poet's hopes are inseparable from skeptical intonations. Nekrasov clearly sees the disintegration of traditional forms of peasant life, and at the same time realizes its peculiar integrity and harmony, the human beauty of peasant characters and the squalor of their existence. The apotheosis of the spiritual beauty of the Russian peasantry was the poem Frost, Red Nose, written shortly before the "Railroad".
Researchers draw attention to the poet's excellent knowledge of folk life, folklore and ethnographic sources, found in this poem, folk beliefs and superstitions. The subject of poetic depiction in the poem "Frost, Red Nose" is the tragedy of a peasant family - the death of a breadwinner, and then the death of his wife. However, this tragedy is made up of everyday, albeit sad episodes, events and facts. The first part of the poem is called "Death of a Peasant", the second, as well as the whole poem - "Frost, Red Nose", and this repetition testifies not so much to stinginess in the choice artistic means how much about the importance of the second part, which carries a special ideological and compositional load.
The first part is a detailed story about the death and funeral of Proclus: how the old father dug the grave, how they dressed him up, how they screamed at the deceased, how sorry his neighbors and fellow villagers (along the way, remember the life and death of Proclus), how after the funeral the widow comes to the hut that has come and on the same Savrask, on which the ashes of her husband had just been transported, he goes to the forest for firewood. As the biographer of Nekrasov V.E. Evgeniev-Maksimov noted, speaking about ordinary phenomena and ordinary people, the poet knows how to show them from such sides that they seem to our consciousness not only wonderful, but also high. Let's pay attention, for example, with what artistic tact the father of Proclus is presented in the poem, whose share had the hardest test - to dig the grave of his own son. Twice more the figure of the unfortunate old man appears - and both times an expressive picture is created with the maximum economy of artistic details. The villagers say goodbye to Proclus, but the father does not merge with this crowd: they and his grief are incomparable:
Useless old man
I did not allow myself to be mastered:
Slipping closer to the splinter,
He was picking at thin bast shoes.
The minute of his last goodbye to his son is also separated from the general farewell:
Tall, gray-haired, lean,
Capless, motionless, dumb,
Like a monument, grandpa is old
I stood at my own grave!
No less impressive is the portrait of Proclus himself, lying "on a white pine table", created without "unnecessary words", with minimal use of pictorial and expressive means. Nevertheless, Daria, the wife of Proclus, remains the central figure in the poem. Already at the very beginning it appears the image of a "beautiful and powerful Slav." Here the question of her drama is also raised:
Fate had three hard parts,
And the first share: to marry a slave,
The second is to be the mother of a slave son,
And the third - to submit to the slave to the grave,
And all these formidable shares lay
On the woman of the Russian land.
But this drama is not so much individual as it is community drama. Daria's personality is fully revealed in the second part of the poem. In the stream of consciousness of the heroine, who has already been overcome by grief and who does not have long to live, the past, the present and deep, hidden dreams of the future are intertwined. Daria thinks about how she and Proclus would have enjoyed the children, married their son, imagines how she alone will now have to bear the whole burden of household chores - she seems to be talking with her deceased husband. The widow recalls how she went ten miles away at night to the monastery to the miraculous icon to save Proclus, but the icon did not produce a miracle. And already in the tenacious embrace of the "voivode Frost", with the last efforts of fading consciousness, Daria "in her enchanted dream" recalls from her memory a picture of a sultry summer and with a smile of contentment and happiness, with thoughts of children and a living husband, she dies ... Image of Frost prompted by the folk-poetic tradition and giving the name to the poem, as it were, makes nature itself an accomplice to the tragedy.
Source (abridged): Russian literary classics of the 19th century: Textbook / Ed. A.A. Slinko and V.A. Svitelsky. - Voronezh: Native speech, 2003
Composition
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is rightfully called the singer of the people. People, folk life in all its richness and diversity is reflected in every line of his works. Probably, there is no other poet who, with such immeasurable love and admiration, would sing the image of a Russian woman - a "stately Slav." The heroines of Nekrasov's poems and poems are full of boundless mental health. One of the brightest female images Daria speaks from the poem "Frost, Red Nose". The author describes a Russian woman with sincere admiration:
* Beauty, marvel to the world,
* Blush, slim, high.
* She is beautiful in all clothes,
* Dexterous to any work.
Any work is argued in her hands: "I have seen how she mows: a wave is ready for a shock." Workdays are replaced by merry holidays - and then she will surprise everyone around her with her enthusiasm, prowess, "hearty laughter", songs and dances. No trouble will scare a Russian woman:
* The galloping horse will stop,
* It will enter the burning hut!
The life of the heroine Nekrasov was not easy, "three hard parts" fell to her:
* And the first share: to marry a slave.
* The second is to be the mother of a slave's son,
* And the third - to obey the slave to the grave.
Perhaps it was not necessary to "submit to the slave" (Daria and her husband lived in love and harmony), but they had to part with him prematurely. Not a word of pity for her fate has never been uttered by a proud woman in her life. She patiently endures all the hardships of life, hunger, cold, backbreaking work. Moreover, the heroine does not allow herself to sit idle and does not feel pity for idlers and lazy people. It is in work that she sees her salvation - and therefore her family does not know the need. And yet, the lines of the poem dedicated to the unhappy fate of Daria are permeated with pain and despair. No matter how courageous a woman is in any situation, grief and misfortune undermine her.
In his poem N. A. Nekrasov showed how hard fate broke the proud Russian beauty. But, reading the work, we constantly feel that the author does not cease to admire the inner strength of the peasant woman, her wealth the spiritual world, boundless talents and abilities of a Russian woman. And the author also expresses a firm belief that such a spiritual power can ultimately prevail. This idea sounds not only in the poem "Frost, Red Nose", but also in many other works of the poet.
Other compositions on this work
Expressive means of N. A. Nekrasov's poem "Frost, Red Nose" Folklore and its role in the poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Frost, Red Nose" What feelings did N. A. Nekrasov's poem "Frost, Red Nose" evoke in me (1) Fabulous Morozko in Nekrasov's poem "Frost Red Nose" What admires the poet in the Russian peasant woman (based on the poem "Frost, Red Nose" by N. A. Nekrasov) (3) "There are women in Russian villages ..." (based on the poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Frost, Red Nose") (2) What admires the poet in a Russian peasant woman (based on N. A. Nekrasov's poem "Frost, Red Nose") (2) Turgenev's attitude to Slavyanka in the poem "Frost, Red Nose" What feelings did N. A. Nekrasov's poem "Frost, Red Nose" evoke in me (2) Poem by N. A. Nekrasov "Frost, Red Nose"Folklore and literary basis of the image of Moroz
The image of Frost, a red nose is based on mythological image a deity who, in Slavic mythology, sent snow and frost. Fertility depended on how snowy the winter was.
This winter deity in fairy tales is called Treskun or Studenets, whose function is to give a reward for correct behavior. Frost from a fairy tale presents a daughter to a hard-working old man and punishes a lazy old woman: everyone gets what they deserve.
In proverbs, the natural element of frost is often animated: the nose turns red from frost, it stings on the ears, "gallops over spruce groves, over birch groves." Frost of Mysteries - Bridge Builder.
The literary image of Moroz was developed by Odoevsky. Frost from the fairy tale "Frost Ivanovich" reminds of the Mistress Blizzard from the fairy tale of the Brothers Grimm. You can get to him through the well, frost is falling from his hair (and from the Mistress Blizzard, snow falls from the featherbeds to the ground). Moroz Ivanovich also gives gifts to the needlewoman and brings up (and does not kill) the sloth.
The history of the creation of the image in the poem
The poem "Frost, Red Nose" consists of two parts. The first part of the poem is called The Death of a Peasant, and the second, like the whole poem, is called Frost, Red Nose. It is in the second part that the hero appears, who is included in the title of the poem.
The original version of the poem was called The Death of Proclus. There was no emphasis on the mythological Frost in it, because Daria played less importance, with whom the Frost-voivode is connected in the plot.
The image of Frost appears in the XXX chapter of the second part. Before Frost becomes a person, he causes the death of Proclus, trapped in a snowdrift and frozen in a snowy winter. Frost encroaches on Daria's children, cooling her hut. It is the frost that makes her go into the forest for firewood.
Daria is a warrior, she fights for the life of her family, Proclus and children. She is not going to give up and, undoubtedly, would have won the fight if Moroz had not come to her personally.
Essence of Frost
Chapter XXX begins with a winter landscape. Frost is personified in it. He is a formidable voivode who examines his possessions. Nekrasov uses the most ancient folklore comparison - a negative one: "It is not the wind that rages over the forest, the streams did not run from the mountains, the Frost-voivode is patrolling his possessions."
The voivode's app is a metaphor. Who is Frost fighting against? Against everything that winter has not captured: bare earth, bare branches. Frost the governor is fighting against life itself.
Mythological Frost has magical properties: he can walk through trees, crackle on frozen water. This is how he finds himself above the head of Daria, who has stopped by a tall pine tree.
At this moment, his image becomes anthropomorphic, a portrait appears: he has a shaggy beard, he is gray-haired, and holds a club in his hands (at the end of the poem - a mace).
The nature of frost
In the song of Frost, his character is revealed: he boasts of his victories over reservoirs: the okyan seas and rivers. Frost transforms living, moving water into inanimate palaces and bridges, "which the people will not build." Frost mocks the dead, freezing their blood and freezing their brains, laughing at the living and frightening them indiscriminately: riders, horses, thieves, drunks, and women. Frost fools people, whitens their faces and freezes their beards. So Moroz's character is unsympathetic: boastful, mocking and cocky.
But Frost is rich: "I am rich, I do not count the treasury." Frost invites Daria to become his queen and promises: "I will add it, I will warm it, I will give the blue palace." Here Frost plays the role of the god Hades, who kidnapped the goddess of fertility Persephone, who was forced to live one third of a year in the kingdom of the dead. Daria, the personification of fertility and prosperity (mother of two children, bearing a third) is ready to go into the realm of the dead.
In order to take possession of Daria, Moroz utters a fabulous formula with a triple repetition: "Are you warm?" According to the law of a fairy tale, you need to answer in the affirmative three times, then the deity will reward. And if you start complaining, you will die. After the third question, Frost turns to Proclus. It was this trick of the "gray-haired sorcerer" that made Daria surrender: she felt so affectionate that she closed her eyes and smiled.
Daria slowly falls asleep in a death dream, which relieves her of torment: "The last signs of torment from Daria have disappeared from her face." Daria is gradually becoming a part of the nature defeated by Frost: "Fluffy and white eyelashes, frosty needles in her eyebrows ... She is dressed in sparkling frost ..."
Frost defeats Daria, turning her into dead, as he conquers all living things. But he generously endows Daria not only with imaginary riches (frost and snow), but also with the most expensive thing that can be bestowed on a person - peace that has replaced sorrow and passion.
- "Frost, Red Nose", analysis of the poem by Nekrasov
- The image of Daria in Nekrasov's poem "Frost, Red Nose"
The collective image of a peasant woman in the poem
Daria is a peasant woman, widow of the deceased Proclus. Her image does not immediately appear in the poem "Frost, Red Nose". In Chapter III, Nekrasov discusses the slavish fate of the Russian peasant woman, which has not changed for centuries. The lyrical hero turns to the peasant woman and promises to reveal to the world her sufferings and complaints.
Nekrasov undertakes to describe a special type of peasant woman. This is a stately Slavic woman who manages to remain regal, despite the circumstances of life: "They go the same way that all our people go, but the dirt of the miserable environment does not seem to stick to them."
Nekrasov gives a collective portrait of such a peasant woman: "A beauty to the world, blush, slender, tall, beautiful in all clothes ...". She has heavy hair, beautiful, even teeth that look like pearls (comparison). The beauty is dexterous at work, endures cold and hunger, is hardworking, knows how to have fun, she is brave and courageous: "She will stop a galloping horse, she will enter a burning hut."
The conviction of the peasant woman that the salvation of her family lies in work, gives her the "stamp of inner strength." Her family is not poor, everyone is healthy, well-fed and happy.
Daria's character is the widow of Proclus
Such was the widow Proclus, until her grief dried up. It is compared to a birch tree in a forest without a top.
Only in the description of the details of the life and death of Proclus does the name of his wife appear. And this is no coincidence. She thinks of herself only as a part of her family, as a helper and protector of her husband, at night to heal him she runs after the miraculous icon to a monastery 10 miles away: “Didn't I try for him? Am I sorry for what? I was afraid to tell him how I loved him! "
All the way through the forest, Daria, fearing animals, evil spirits, and most of all - will accept (a hare running across the road, a falling star, a crow on a cross), prayed to the Queen of Heaven. Daria dares to reproach the Lady for not having mercy on her fate and her Proclus.
The family of peasants worked day and night: Proclus “lived in summer, he didn’t see children in winter,” and Daria kept crying at night and weaving a long linen thread. They have amassed their prosperity "for a penny, for a copper penny." After the funeral, Daria has to go to the forest for firewood, taking the children to the neighbors.
Daria's cry and complaints
In the forest, where “dead, burial rest”, Daria gives vent to the tears that she had been holding back for so long. Nekrasov describes her moaning with the help of metaphors: "The groans poured out in the open, the voice was torn and trembling, the strings of the poor peasant soul broke." Nature is indifferent to her grief: the forest listened indifferently, the soulless sun indifferently looked at the torment.
Daria chops wood (this is her usual occupation), but cannot forget her husband, she talks to him. In her mind, the reality associated with the death of her husband is confused, and her future life with him as if he were alive. Daria thinks over how she will plow the land alone, how to harvest hay, how to harvest the harvest in agony. According to the genre of her lamentations - folk lamentations about her deceased husband. She recalls a prophetic dream about rye ears that attacked her, which she takes for enemies (a metaphor for her husband's death).
Daria dreams of the future of her children: how Masha will play in a round dance, how Grisha will grow up and get married. With the help of psychological parallelism (the image of a wolf emerging from the forest and a black thick cloud with lightning), Nekrasov conveys Daria's fears that it is her son that the thief-judge will take into recruits.
Having wept and chopped so much wood that she could not be taken away by a cart, Daria stopped by a tall pine tree. It was here that her meeting with folklore Frost took place.
Daria and Moroz
It is important for Nekrasov to understand what is happening in Daria's soul. Physically quite alive and strong, she loses the will to live: "The soul is tired of melancholy, there has come a calm of sadness - an involuntary and terrible peace!" Frost is wooing Daria, he is an enviable groom: strong and rich. He offers Daria either death, or eternal life, promising to make her his queen, who, like Frost, will reign in winter and fall asleep in summer.
Daria resigns herself only when Frost turns to her beloved husband and kisses her. He gifts her for the correct answer to the fabulous question "Are you warm?" a sweet dream of summer and warmth. This is the best and happiest memory from Daria's life: hard peasant labor among her family, caring for her husband and children. The last thing that is revealed to the reader from Daria's dream is the faces of children in sheaves of rye (a symbol of life) and a song, the words of which the lyric hero does not say to the reader. The lyrical hero urges not to regret the happy Daria and even envies her. But it still gives her a chance to wake up and take care of the children. The only living creature that did not succumb to Frost - the squirrel - drops a lump of snow on Darya. But, obviously, the peasant woman is already dead.
- "Frost, Red Nose", analysis of the poem by Nekrasov
- The image of Frost in Nekrasov's poem "Frost, Red Nose"