Crime and punishment characterization of the image of Raskolnikov Rodion Romanovich. “Crime and Punishment”: characterization of Rodion Raskolnikov from the story by Fyodor Dostoevsky Quoted description of Raskolnikov crime and punishment
Dostoevsky's novel is an amazing work of Russian literature. It has been debated throughout the centuries. No one can pass by the text without leaving a piece of their soul in it.
The image and characterization of Raskolnikov in the novel “Crime and Punishment” are the main parts of the content that give an understanding of the entire plot of the book and the state of an entire era of Russian history.
Hero's appearance
To understand the character and get to the essence of the character, they start with appearance. Rodion Raskolnikov - a combination of the beauty of his face and figure with the poverty of his clothes. Little is said about appearance in the novel, but imagine young man not difficult:
- piercing dark eyes;
- “...the whole face is beautiful...”;
- wonderful “...good,...attractive...”;
- Dark hair;
- Slightly above average in height;
- Thin and slender figure;
- The young man's facial features are thin and expressive;
The contrast between appearance and clothing is amazing. Things are strikingly baggy, dirty and poor. An ordinary passerby would consider his clothes to be rags and would be embarrassed to go out into the street in them, but Rodion is calm and confident. How Rodion is dressed:
- “...a wide, strong summer coat made of some thick paper material...”;
- “...very wide, a real bag...” (about the coat);
- “... delivery boy, better dressed...”
Clothing becomes the reason for unsociability; you just want to move away from the young man, step aside.
Positive character traits
Poor student lawyer, 23 years old social status is a tradesman, but his character does not have typical signs of this class. The impoverished townsfolk lost touch with their situation. Mother and sister are closer in education to the highest circles of society than Rodion.
- Intelligence and education. Rodion learns easily. He does not make friends because he is able to comprehend all sciences on his own, he does not need help and support.
- A good son and brother. Rodion loves his mother and sister more than himself. He promises to never stop loving them, but he does not have the means to support them.
- Possession of literary talent. Raskolnikov writes articles. He is not interested in their fate, like many talented people. The main thing is to create. His work is published in the newspaper, and he doesn’t even know about it.
- Courage. The entire plot of the novel speaks about this quality: a coward would not be able to decide to test the theory, that is, to commit murder. Rodion always has his own opinion and is not afraid to prove and justify it.
Negative tendencies
The first impression of the young man is gloomy and gloomy. The author immediately puts him within the framework of a psychological portrait - a melancholic person. The young man is absorbed in internal thoughts, he is quick-tempered. Every external manifestation of attention bothers him and causes negativity. Raskolnikov has a number of traits that cannot be classified as positive:
- Excessive unfounded pride. Rodion is arrogant and proud. When did such qualities appear in him? Unclear. Why did he decide that he could treat others like that? The reader looks for answers in the text. The feeling interferes with Raskolnikov’s good heart, arouses in him anger, cruelty and a thirst for crime.
- Vanity. The young man does not hide the unpleasant feeling. He looks at others as if he constantly sees weaknesses in them. Sometimes a young man behaves with others like an “arrogant youngster,” a boy.
The most terrible quality of a young man is the desire to get rich at the expense of another. If the crime had remained unsolved, everything that the hero had planned would have been achieved, he would have become a wealthy man. His wealth is the tears of people like him. Wealth could change kind person, to make him an even more cynical Svidrigailov. One can, of course, challenge this opinion, but the fates of other characters in the novel show what money does to a person.
Life and work of Dostoevsky. Analysis of works. Characteristics of heroes
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This article presents quotation portrait Raskolnikov in the novel “Crime and Punishment”: description of the hero’s appearance in quotes.
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Portrait of Raskolnikov in the novel “Crime and Punishment”: description of appearance in quotes
Poor student Rodion Raskolnikov is a handsome young man aged 23.
Raskolnikov has a pale face, beautiful dark eyes and dark brown hair. He is quite tall and slender. The young man is dressed so poorly that he looks like a ragamuffin or a chimney sweep.
The following is known about Raskolnikov’s face and figure:
". he was remarkably good-looking, with beautiful dark eyes, dark blond, above average height, thin and slender. " ". in the fine features of a young man. " ". Raskolnikov answered. without lowering his black, inflamed eyes. " ". some kind of wild energy suddenly shone in his inflamed eyes and in his emaciated, pale yellow face. " ". Raskolnikov's pale face. " The following is known about Raskolnikov’s poor clothes:
“But, my God, what a suit he has, how terribly he is dressed! In Afanasy Ivanovich’s shop, Vasya, the delivery boy, is better dressed. " ". The suit he was wearing was too bad, and despite all the humiliation, his posture was still not suited to the suit. " ". He was so poorly dressed that another, even an ordinary person, would have been ashamed to go out into the street in such rags during the day. " ". He turned to Raskolnikov, seeing his rags. " ". he took off his wide, strong summer coat made of some thick paper material (his only outer dress). " ". since the coat was very wide, a real bag. " ". Such a ragamuffin doesn’t even think about hiding. " ". chimney sweep " The following is known about Rodion Raskolnikov’s old hat:
". This hat was tall, round, Zimmerman's, but all already worn out, completely red, full of holes and stains, without a brim and bent to one side at the ugliest angle. " ". this Palmerston (he took Raskolnikov’s mangled round hat from the corner, which for some unknown reason he called Palmerston.). " The following is known about Raskolnikov’s boots:
". Raskolnikov’s old, crusty, holey boot all covered with dried mud. " According to Pulcheria Alexandrovna, Raskolnikov's mother, he has a beautiful face and beautiful eyes. At the same time, she believes that Rodion is even more beautiful than his sister, the beautiful Dunya. Of course, the mother’s opinion cannot be considered completely objective, but still her assessment is also of some interest:
". And what beautiful eyes he has, and what a beautiful whole face he has. He is even better looking than Dounia... But, my God, what a suit he has, how terribly he is dressed! In Afanasy Ivanovich’s shop, Vasya, the delivery boy, is better dressed!”
This was a quotation portrait of Raskolnikov in the novel “Crime and Punishment” by Dostoevsky: a description of the hero’s appearance in quotes.
Characteristics of the hero Raskolnikov, Crime and Punishment, Dostoevsky. The image of the character Raskolnikov
Characteristics of the hero Raskolnikov
Raskolnikov appears in the novel as a young man who is not satisfied with either his life situation or who he is. And he wants, no less, to become a “superman”. In his theory, he divided all people into two classes: reptiles, “trembling creatures,” and people themselves, “those who have the right.” People from the first of these classes serve only as material for self-reproduction and their role in this life is insignificant, and world progress is driven by representatives of the class of “those with the right”, who can break any laws in order to achieve their goals.
Rodion would like to think that he, after all, belongs to the category of “higher people.” But this can only be verified experimentally - through performing a specific act. He just has in mind what he thinks is an “insect-person” - the old money-lender Alena Ivanovna, who does nothing good but only robs the poor. There is also a higher goal for which one can sacrifice the old woman - this means helping the unfortunate family of Semyon Zakharovich Marmeladov.
Thinking over the murder of Alena Ivanovna, Raskolnikov constantly thinks about the correctness of his theory and even almost abandons it. But the whirlwind that he spun inside himself still sucks in the main character, and he kills the old woman and her innocent sister.
The crime is committed, but Rodion’s torment only intensifies. He begins to understand that he is not a “superman” at all, since he is capable of worrying so much about just one murder. Communication with such characters as Luzhin and, especially, Svidrigailov, leads him to the conclusion that the path he has chosen leads to nowhere, and the world is ruled by love and humility. For this he must thank Sonya, who did not leave him and went with him to Siberia.
The image of Raskolnikov in the novel “Crime and Punishment”
A multifaceted novel
Leafing through the first pages of the book, we begin to get acquainted with the image of Raskolnikov in Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment. By telling the story of his life, the writer makes us think about a number of important questions. It is difficult to determine what type of novel the work of F. M. Dostoevsky belongs to. It raises problems affecting various spheres of human life: social, moral, psychological, family, moral. Rodion Raskolnikov is the center of the novel. It is with him that everyone else is connected storylines great classic work.
The main character of the novel
Appearance
The description of Raskolnikov in the novel begins with the first chapter. We meet a young man who is in a sick condition. He is gloomy, thoughtful and withdrawn. Rodion Raskolnikov - former student university, who abandoned classes at the Faculty of Law. Together with the author, we see the meager furnishings of the room where the young man lives: “It was a tiny cell, about six steps long, which had the most pitiful appearance.”
Character traits
The author gives the characterization of Raskolnikov in the novel “Crime and Punishment” gradually. First we get acquainted with the portrait of Raskolnikov. “By the way, he was remarkably good-looking, with beautiful dark eyes, dark-haired, above average height, thin and slender.” Then we begin to understand his character. The young man is smart and educated, proud and independent. The humiliating financial situation in which he finds himself makes him gloomy and withdrawn. He gets irritated by interacting with people. Any help from Dmitry Razumikhin's close friend or elderly mother seems humiliating to him.
Raskolnikov's idea
Excessive pride, sick pride and a beggarly state give rise to a certain idea in Raskolnikov’s head. The essence of which is to divide people into two categories: ordinary and entitled. Thinking about my great destiny, “Am I a trembling creature or do I have the right?
The hero's crime and punishment
In real life, everything turns out differently. Together with the greedy pawnbroker, the wretched Lizoveta dies, having caused no harm to anyone. The robbery failed. Raskolnikov could not bring himself to use the stolen goods. He is disgusted, sick and scared. He understands that he was in vain counting on the role of Napoleon. Having crossed the moral line, taking the life of a person, the hero avoids communicating with people in every possible way. Rejected and sick, he finds himself on the verge of madness. Raskolnikov's family and his friend Dmitry Razumikhin are unsuccessfully trying to understand the young man's condition and support the unfortunate man. A proud young man rejects the care of his loved ones and is left alone with his problem. “But why do they love me so much if I’m not worth it! Oh, if I were alone and no one loved me, and I myself would not love anyone!” - he exclaims.
After a fatal event, the hero forces himself to communicate with strangers. He takes part in the fate of Marmeladov and his family, giving money sent by his mother for the funeral of the official. Saves a young girl from molestation. Noble impulses of the soul are quickly replaced by irritation, frustration and loneliness. The hero’s life seemed to be divided into two parts: before the murder and after it. He does not feel like a criminal, does not realize his guilt. Most of all, he worries about the fact that he did not pass the test. Rodion is trying to confuse the investigation, to understand whether the smart and cunning investigator Porfiry Petrovich suspects him. Constant pretense, tension and lies deprive him of his strength and empty his soul. The hero feels that he is doing wrong, but does not want to admit his mistakes and delusions.
Rodion Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova
The revival to a new life began after Rodion Raskolnikov met Sonya Marmeladova. The eighteen-year-old girl herself was in extremely poor condition. Shy and modest by nature, the heroine is forced to live on a yellow ticket in order to give money to her starving family. She constantly endures insults, humiliation and fear. “She is unrequited,” the author says about her. But this weak creature has a kind heart and deep faith in God, which helps not only to survive herself, but also to support others. Sonya's love saved Rodion from death. Her pity initially evokes protest and indignation in the proud young man. But it is to Sonya that he confides his secret and it is from her that he seeks sympathy and support. Exhausted by the struggle with himself, Raskolnikov, on the advice of a friend, admits his guilt and goes to hard labor. He does not believe in God, does not share her beliefs. The idea that happiness and forgiveness must be suffered is incomprehensible to the hero. The girl’s patience, care and deep feeling helped Rodion Raskolnikov turn to God, repent and start living again.
The main idea of the work of F. M. Dostoevsky
A detailed description of Raskolnikov's crime and punishment forms the basis of the plot of the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky. Punishment begins immediately after the murder is committed. Painful doubts, remorse, a break with loved ones turned out to be much worse than long years of hard labor. The writer, subjecting Raskolnikov to a deep analysis, tries to warn the reader against misconceptions and mistakes. Deep faith in God, love for one's neighbor, and moral principles should become the basic rules in the life of every person.
“The image and characteristics of Rodion Raskolnikov in the novel “Crime and Punishment””
F. M. Dostoevsky lived and worked in an era when dissatisfaction with the existing order was growing in the country, and the writer in his works showed people who are trying to protest against the reigning evil. This is Rodion Raskolnikov, the main character of the novel Crime and Punishment. Terrible poverty plunges Raskolnikov into despair; he understands well that the wolfish morals of the proprietary system reign around him, and he is deeply outraged by the heartlessness and cruelty of the rich.
Embittered by his powerlessness to help people, Raskolnikov decides to commit a crime - the murder of an old money-lender who makes profit from human suffering. “Raskolnikov sees and feels for himself how people take advantage of the suffering of their neighbors, how skillfully and diligently, how carefully and safely they suck the last juice out of the poor man, who is exhausted in an unbearable struggle for a miserable and stupid existence,” is how critic D.I. Pisarev emphasized the social meaning of Raskolnikov’s behavior, the main protester, anti-capitalist pathos of the novel. But the hero does not become a fighter for a better future. Familiar with revolutionary ideas only by hearsay, he does not believe that a just structure of society is possible. “People will not change, and no one can change them, and labor is not worth wasting... This is how things have been done until now and this is how it will always be!” - Raskolnikov declares bitterly. But the strong-willed and proud hero does not want to come to terms with his cruel fate. Imagining himself to be an extraordinary, outstanding personality, a person to whom everything is allowed, even crime, Raskolnikov decides to kill and rob a rich old moneylender. After long and painful hesitation, he realizes his terrible intention. The hero experiences mental torment: he is haunted by terrible memories of shed blood, fear of exposure and punishment, and most importantly, a feeling of hopeless loneliness and the meaninglessness of the crime he committed.
Portraying the despair and mental anguish of his hero, Dostoevsky sought to convince readers that such a struggle against injustice not only does not improve life, but, on the contrary, makes it even darker and more terrible. Punishment begins even before the crime, the thought of which burns and torments Raskolnikov: “No, I won’t stand it, I won’t stand it! Let, even if there is no doubt in all these calculations...” The punishment is aggravated at the moment of the crime. The hero feels that the greedy old woman-pawnbroker is still a person, and bringing an ax down on her head is unbearably scary and disgusting. Lizaveta is a defenseless child, frightened to the point of stupor: “She only slightly raised her free left hand, far from her face, and slowly extended it forward towards him, as if pushing him away.”
Punishment does not come down to a judicial verdict, it is concluded in moral torture, which for the hero of the novel is more painful than even prison and hard labor. The pangs of conscience, the chilling fear that haunts Raskolnikov at every step, the consciousness of the meaninglessness of the crime committed, the consciousness of his insignificance, his inability to become a “ruler”, the understanding of the inconsistency of his theory - all this weighs heavily on the soul of the criminal. Raskolnikov is tormented, feels fear, despair, alienation from all people. The false path chosen by the hero of the novel leads not to the elevation of his personality, but to moral torture, to spiritual death. Having committed murder, Raskolnikov put himself in unnatural relationships with the people around him. He is forced to constantly, at every step, deceive himself and others, and this lie devastates the hero’s soul. By crime, Raskolnikov cut himself off from people, but the hero’s living nature, contrary to beliefs and reasoning, constantly draws him to people, he seeks communication with them, tries to regain lost spiritual ties.
The desire to fill the spiritual vacuum with something begins to take on painful, perverted forms in Raskolnikov, reminiscent of a craving for self-torture. The hero is drawn to the old woman’s house, and he goes there, once again listening to how the ringing of a bell, which deeply shook him at the moment of the crime, echoes with a painful, but still living feeling in his withered soul. The feeling of crime gives rise to a catastrophic disproportion in the hero’s relationships with other people , this also applies to Raskolnikov’s inner world: he develops a painful feeling of suspicion towards himself, constant reflection and endless doubts appear, hence the hero’s strange attraction to investigator Porfiry Petrovich. In the “duel” with Raskolnikov, Tsorfiry acts as an imaginary antagonist: the dispute with the investigator is a reflection and sometimes a direct expression of Raskolnikov’s dispute with himself. Raskolnikov, with his heart's instinct, does not accept the idea that continues to retain power over his mind. Raskolnikov is lost in himself, Porfiry’s busy chatter irritates, worries, excites the hero, and this is enough to prevent him from “psychologically running away” from the investigator. Raskolnikov tries in vain to rationally control his behavior, to “calculate” himself.
The hero keeps the secret of the crime within himself and cannot escape from the lie. An hour before reporting to the police, Raskolnikov says to Dunya: “A crime? What a crime. I don’t think about it and I don’t think about washing it off.” He tries to speak “naturally” with the investigator in conditions that exclude such naturalness, but “nature” is more cunning than calculation and gives itself away. Raskolnikova is let down by her inner feeling of her criminality. He decides to tell his terrible, painful secret to Sonechka Marmeladova. There is a growing desire in his soul to confess for not entirely clear, subconscious reasons: Raskolnikov can no longer contain the painful feeling of criminality.
In the person of Sonya, he meets a person who awakens in himself and whom he still pursues as a weak and helpless “trembling creature”: “He suddenly raised his head and looked intently at her; but he met her restless and painfully caring gaze; there was love here; his hatred disappeared like a ghost.” “Nature” demanded from the hero that he share with Sonechka the suffering of his crime, and not the manifestation that causes it; Raskolnikov’s Christian-compassionate love calls Raskolnikov to this type of recognition.
Dostoevsky wrote that Raskolnikov, contrary to his convictions, preferred “at least to die in hard labor, but to join people again: the feeling of isolation and disconnection from humanity... tormented him.” But even in hard labor, Raskolnikov did not consider himself guilty of murder: “He judged himself strictly, and his bitter conscience did not find any particularly terrible guilt in his past, except perhaps a mistake that could happen to anyone.” Raskolnikov was spiritually dead: “I didn’t kill the old woman, I killed myself.” The real meaning of the Gospel narrative of the resurrection of Lazarus is revealed to Raskolnikov only when his own soul is resurrected to a new life, when he repents and understands that his whole life “was some kind of external, strange fact, as if it had not even happened to him.” And this was not his life, because now he is different - renewed, capable of loving and opening his heart to people and God.
Crime and punishment portrait characteristics of Raskolnikov
Rodion Raskolnikov’s comrade, Razumikhin, characterizes him as follows: “Gloomy, gloomy, arrogant and proud; V Lately, and perhaps much earlier, he was suspicious and a hypochondriac. Generous and kind. He doesn’t like to express his feelings and would rather commit cruelty than express his heart in words. Sometimes he's terribly taciturn! He has no time, everyone interferes with him, but he lies there and does nothing. Never interested in what everyone else is interested in at the moment. He values himself terribly highly and, it seems, not without some right to it.”
Crime and Punishment. Feature Film 1969 1 episode
In some scenes of Crime and Punishment (see his summary) the reader sees how behind this crust of dryness and pride created from insults, humiliation and bitterness in life, a tender and loving heart sometimes opens. Raskolnikov is drawn primarily to the “humiliated and insulted.” He gets close to the unfortunate Marmeladov, listens to the whole life story of his long-suffering family, goes to their home, gives them his last money. He picks up Marmeladov, who finds himself under the feet of a horse on the pavement, takes care of him, and Raskolnikov is pleased by the childish, enthusiastic gratitude of his little sister Sonya, who hugged him.
It is these impressions that fill him with a joyful feeling of life: “He was filled with a new, immense feeling of a sudden surge of full and powerful life. This sensation could be similar to that of a person sentenced to death who is suddenly and unexpectedly granted forgiveness. “That’s enough,” he said decisively and solemnly, “away with mirages, away with feigned fears, away with ghosts. There is life! Wasn’t I living now!”
A multifaceted novel
Leafing through the first pages of the book, we begin to get acquainted with the image of Raskolnikov in Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment. By telling the story of his life, the writer makes us think about a number of important questions. It is difficult to determine what type of novel the work of F. M. Dostoevsky belongs to. It raises problems affecting various spheres of human life: social, moral, psychological, family, moral. Rodion Raskolnikov is the center of the novel. It is with him that all the other storylines of the great classic work are connected.
The main character of the novel
Appearance
The description of Raskolnikov in the novel begins with the first chapter. We meet a young man who is in a sick condition. He is gloomy, thoughtful and withdrawn. Rodion Raskolnikov is a former university student who dropped out of law school. Together with the author, we see the meager furnishings of the room where the young man lives: “It was a tiny cell, about six steps long, which had the most pitiful appearance.”
We carefully examine the details of worn-out clothing. Rodion Raskolnikov is in extremely dire straits. He doesn’t have money to pay off debts for his apartment or pay for his studies.
Character traits
The author gives the characterization of Raskolnikov in the novel “Crime and Punishment” gradually. First we get acquainted with the portrait of Raskolnikov. “By the way, he was remarkably good-looking, with beautiful dark eyes, dark-haired, above average height, thin and slender.” Then we begin to understand his character. The young man is smart and educated, proud and independent. The humiliating financial situation in which he finds himself makes him gloomy and withdrawn. He gets irritated by interacting with people. Any help from Dmitry Razumikhin's close friend or elderly mother seems humiliating to him.
Raskolnikov's idea
Excessive pride, sick pride and a beggarly state give rise to a certain idea in Raskolnikov’s head. The essence of which is to divide people into two categories: ordinary and entitled. Thinking about his great destiny, “Am I a trembling creature or do I have the right?”, the hero prepares for a crime. He believes that by killing the old woman, he will test his ideas and be able to begin new life and make humanity happy.
The hero's crime and punishment
In real life, everything turns out differently. Together with the greedy pawnbroker, the wretched Lizoveta dies, having caused no harm to anyone. The robbery failed. Raskolnikov could not bring himself to use the stolen goods. He is disgusted, sick and scared. He understands that he was in vain counting on the role of Napoleon. Having crossed the moral line, taking the life of a person, the hero avoids communicating with people in every possible way. Rejected and sick, he finds himself on the verge of madness. Raskolnikov's family and his friend Dmitry Razumikhin are unsuccessfully trying to understand the young man's condition and support the unfortunate man. A proud young man rejects the care of his loved ones and is left alone with his problem. “But why do they love me so much if I’m not worth it!
Oh, if I were alone and no one loved me, and I myself would not love anyone!” - he exclaims.
After a fatal event, the hero forces himself to communicate with strangers. He takes part in the fate of Marmeladov and his family, giving money sent by his mother for the funeral of the official. Saves a young girl from molestation. Noble impulses of the soul are quickly replaced by irritation, frustration and loneliness. The hero’s life seemed to be divided into two parts: before the murder and after it. He does not feel like a criminal, does not realize his guilt. Most of all, he worries about the fact that he did not pass the test. Rodion is trying to confuse the investigation, to understand whether the smart and cunning investigator Porfiry Petrovich suspects him. Constant pretense, tension and lies deprive him of his strength and empty his soul. The hero feels that he is doing wrong, but does not want to admit his mistakes and delusions.
Rodion Raskolnikov and Sonya Marmeladova
The revival to a new life began after Rodion Raskolnikov met Sonya Marmeladova. The eighteen-year-old girl herself was in extremely poor condition. Shy and modest by nature, the heroine is forced to live on a yellow ticket in order to give money to her starving family. She constantly endures insults, humiliation and fear. “She is unrequited,” the author says about her. But this weak creature has a kind heart and deep faith in God, which helps not only to survive herself, but also to support others. Sonya's love saved Rodion from death. Her pity initially evokes protest and indignation in the proud young man. But it is to Sonya that he confides his secret and it is from her that he seeks sympathy and support. Exhausted by the struggle with himself, Raskolnikov, on the advice of a friend, admits his guilt and goes to hard labor. He does not believe in God, does not share her beliefs. The idea that happiness and forgiveness must be suffered is incomprehensible to the hero. The girl’s patience, care and deep feeling helped Rodion Raskolnikov turn to God, repent and start living again.
The main idea of the work of F. M. Dostoevsky
A detailed description of Raskolnikov's crime and punishment forms the basis of the plot of the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky. Punishment begins immediately after the murder is committed. Painful doubts, remorse, a break with loved ones turned out to be much worse than long years of hard labor. The writer, subjecting Raskolnikov to a deep analysis, tries to warn the reader against misconceptions and mistakes. Deep faith in God, love for one's neighbor, and moral principles should become the basic rules in the life of every person.
The analysis of the image of the main character of the novel can be used by 10th grade students in preparation for writing an essay on the topic “The image of Raskolnikov in the novel “Crime and Punishment”.”
Work test
Main character novel, Rodion Raskolnikov is a student. He is poor, far from any ideas tormenting the youth of that time. He has a sister who works as a governess for a rich family. The mother, being a widow, receives a pension and does not work. The family sends all funds to Raskolnikov. But they are still not enough. Raskolnikov worked part-time as a repeater. However, classes with students did not bring either satisfaction or decent pay.
The image of Raskolnikov is the spiritual and compositional center of the novel.
Character of Raskolnikov
Raskolnikov is a closed person, prone to hypochondria. The main character turned his isolation into a character trait that he seemed to be proud of. However, this is not quite true. He would be happy to communicate with people more, but poverty oppresses him and forces him to move further and further away from friends and family.
At the beginning of the novel F.M. Dostoevsky introduces Raskolnikov to the reader as follows: “By the way, he was remarkably good-looking, with beautiful dark eyes, dark brown hair, above average height, thin and slender.” At the same time, the writer emphasizes that Rodion was extremely poor.
Raskolnikov has no friends except Razumikhin, who has a hard time enduring Rodion’s bad character. Dostoevsky writes about his character: “Raskolnikov was not used to the crowd and, as already said, ran away from any society, especially recently.”
Razumikhin characterizes Raskolnikov’s character in a contradictory way. He says that, on the one hand, Raskolnikov is a taciturn and sometimes cruel person, on the other, he is a kind and generous young man. A feature of Raskolnikov’s character is that he not only expresses his opinion, but also defends it.
F.M. Dostoevsky portrays to us a man mired in poverty: “He was so poorly dressed that another, even an ordinary person, would be ashamed to go out into the street in such rags during the day.” Rodion Raskolnikov lives in a room that looks like a coffin: “It was a tiny cell, about six steps long, which had the most pitiful appearance with its yellow, dusty wallpaper that was falling off the wall everywhere, and so low that a slightly tall person felt embarrassed She was terrified, and it seemed like you were about to hit your head on the ceiling."
Such a life is one of the incentives for harboring thoughts of murder. It is against the backdrop and under the influence of abject poverty that Raskolnikov is isolated from everyone. The world and people cease to be a true reality for him. However, the “ugly dream” he has been nurturing for a month disgusts him. He does not believe that he can commit murder, and despises himself for being abstract and incapable of practical action. He goes to the old pawnbroker for a test - to inspect the place and try it on.
Thoughts of the upcoming murder torment Raskolnikov's soul. She, like a bird in a cage, wants to break free and run away from black thoughts and hatred.
External action only reveals it internal struggle. He must go through a painful split, feel all the pros and cons in order to understand himself and the moral law, inextricably linked with human essence. From the first pages of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky sympathizes with his character.
In the dream-memory of a horse being whipped in the eyes, the truth of his personality is revealed, the truth of the earthly moral law, which he still intends to transgress, turning away from this truth.
The image of Rodion Raskolnikov is the image of a superstitious man prone to exaggeration and paranoia.
In the novel "Crime and Punishment" F.M. Dostoevsky writes the following: “Traces of superstition remained in him long after, almost indelibly. And in this whole matter, he was always inclined to see some kind of strangeness, mystery, as if the presence of some special influences and coincidences.”
The image of Raskolnikov is not devoid of kindness and nobility. F.M. Dostoevsky especially emphasizes them when Rodion gives money to the Marmeladov family and saves a drunken girl on the boulevard from persecution. In addition, the writer tries to justify his hero by emphasizing that one of the reasons why he kills the old pawnbroker is the desire to help his mother and sister, who decides to marry Luzhin in order to financially help her brother.
Critics about the image of Raskolnikov
According to the Russian writer and critic Sergei Askoldov, the image and name of Raskolnikov acquires symbolic meaning: Schism means division, understood in a broad sense. Here is Raskolnikov’s ethical duality (murder - love for one’s neighbors, crime - pangs of conscience, theory - life), and the duality of direct experience and introspection - reflection.
DI. Pisarev analyzes the socio-psychological reasons that pushed Rodion Raskolnikov to commit a crime and explains it by the inhumanity and unnaturalness of the existing system.
In the article by critic N.N. Strakhov, “Our Fine Literature,” the idea that F.M. Dostoevsky brought out a new image of a “nihilist” in the person of Rodion Raskolnikov, depicting “...nihilism not as a pitiful and wild phenomenon, but in a tragic form, as a distortion of the soul, accompanied by cruel suffering.” Strakhov saw in the image of Raskolnikov a feature of the “true Russian man” - a kind of religiosity with which he indulges in his idea, the desire to reach “to the end, to the edge of the road on which his lost mind led him.”
Despite all the tragedy of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky ends Crime and Punishment with Raskolnikov's optimistic dreams of happiness. The writer gives his hero a second chance to start over, but with the burden of past mistakes. F. M. Dostoevsky emphasizes that Raskolnikov has become a wiser person.
Rodion Raskolnikov is one of the central characters in Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky's novel Crime and Punishment. The character of Raskolnikov is taken from life. In the second half of the nineteenth century there was a robbery of a rich house. During this robbery, the criminal killed two maids with an ax. It was this robber who became the prototype of Rodion Raskolnikov.
Raskolnikov in the work “Crime and Punishment” is a controversial character. While reading the book, the reader will ask an important question: How could a person from a decent family commit a crime?
The answer is not as simple as it seems. Rodion was an adherent of the theory of Napoleon III. The theory was that there are ordinary people and those who make history. There are no laws written for those who make history. They solemnly move towards their goal.
Rodion wanted to check what kind of person he was. “An ordinary trembling creature” or a person with the right. Rodion thought that he was a man who was making history.
By killing the old woman, Rodion tries to prove to himself not only that he is an unusual person, but also that, by committing murder, he is ridding the world of a tyrant who profits from the misfortune of others.
After the murder, Rodion feels remorse. Rodion thinks about whether he can continue to live with the stigma of a murderer. He realizes that he is not like his heroes, who sleep peacefully while sending thousands of innocent people to their deaths. He's only killed two women, but he's already looking for redemption.
Losing himself in his thoughts, Rodion begins to move away from people. He needs to find someone who can understand him. This person is Sonya Marmeladova.
Rodion's misconceptions are well revealed when the reader sees another character in front of him - Svidrigailov. His ideas are very similar to those of Rodion. Svidrigailov believes that you can do evil if the goal is good. What distinguishes him from Rodion is that Svidrigailov committed crimes more than once. He was a murderer and a swindler.
Unlike Svidrigailov, Rodion understands that all his theories and truths are lies. Sonechka Marmeladova helps him in repentance. Rodion understands that there is no greater truth than faith in God. He goes to execution, having fallen in love with Sonya.
Thus, Raskolnikov is a man who foolishly believed in the theory of the separation of people. This is a man who has a conscience, who questions his dogmas when true love appears in his life.
Option 2
In the novel “Crime and Punishment” by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky central character is Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov.
Rodion grew up in a loving but poor family. He is 23 years old, a law student, but he had to give up his studies because the young man lives on the brink of poverty.
The young man is scantily dressed, but handsome: he has a slender figure, tall stature, dark eyes and light brown hair.
At the beginning of the novel, the author describes Raskolnikov as a kind, sympathetic, intelligent, but proud person. He is no stranger to compassion for others. Due to the complexity financial situation, which left much to be desired, Rodion is withdrawn and gloomy. He finds it humiliating to accept help from his friend or elderly mother.
Despair and helplessness lead to the destruction of Raskolnikov's moral principles. He develops his own theory regarding modern society: divides people into “trembling creatures” and “those who have the right.” The former, in his opinion, are useless and “secondary,” while the latter are allowed everything, even ignoring moral principles in order to achieve a “higher goal.” Of course, Rodion considers himself to be in the second category.
Raskolnikov comes up with a way to test the boundaries of what is permitted and makes a deal with his conscience - he decides to kill. For a long time, the young man is tormented by doubts, he experiences a strong internal struggle and even thinks of abandoning the terrible undertaking, but poverty, entailing oppressive despair, drives him to madness from hopelessness. He crosses the line of morality and humanity by killing an old pawnbroker and stealing her money. Rodion takes the life of not only the elderly Alena Ivanovna, but also her pregnant sister Lizaveta.
Raskolnikov was never able to use the stolen money, although he really needed it. After committing a crime, he experiences a breakdown in his personality: he is tormented by painful remorse, and incessant nightmares force him to relive what happened again and again.
After the murder, Rodion becomes even more unsociable, he is sick of himself. Loneliness brings him to the brink of madness. He is afraid of exposure and tries to find out whether he is suspected of committing a crime. The young man trusts his secret to Sonya Marmeladova, a girl living on a “yellow ticket”. She convinces Raskolnikov to confess everything, because, in her opinion, only in this way can the path to correction and healing of the soul begin.
Rodion surrenders to the police. He repents of his actions. Now his theory seems senseless, cruel and immoral to the young man, and Raskolnikov renounces it. He is sent to hard labor, where Rodion takes the path of spiritual rebirth and atonement.
Essay Image and characteristics of Rodion Raskolnikov
Raskolnikov is a handsome young man with aristocratic features. He rented a tiny closet in the attic of a five-story building.
Raskolnikov was mired in poverty, the misery of his situation, eternal debts, led the young man to the idea of crime. He wants to help his family financially, but cannot find a way. The idea of instant enrichment is born and strengthened in Raskolnikov, he creates a theory in which murder will be justified. The student thinks that if he kills the old pawnbroker, he will benefit society. Possessing a calculating, inquisitive mind and a cold heart, Raskolnikov is trying to prove to himself that he is a brave and decisive person, and not a “trembling creature.”
Rodion has been nurturing the idea of murder for a whole month, thinking through every step, paying attention to the smallest details of the crime. Sometimes true reason awakens in him, and he renounces his theory, realizing the illegality of his actions. And yet, the desire to feel like the arbiter of destinies prevails over reason, and Raskolnikov commits a crime.
There is also a cowardly element in him, having created his own theory, he goes to kill not some strong and rich man, but a helpless old woman, whom perhaps no one will remember. Still, he is consumed by the thought that he must be held accountable for what he has done. Putting doubts aside, thinking only about easy and quick money, the young man goes to the old woman.
When committing a murder, he is attacked by fear and panic. Raskolnikov acts without taking precautions, which leads to a second murder.
Raskolnikov did not repent of the murder; he admitted his crime only in that he could not stand it and turned himself in. Only his feelings for Sonya began to break his soul, which means that Rodion is not yet a completely finished person, and has the right to spiritual and moral resurrection. Raskolnikov’s love for Sonechka touched some new strings in the young man’s soul. He felt Sonya as one with himself, and from that moment the rebirth of man began, Raskolnikov realized all the cruelty and senselessness of his crazy theory.
Option 4
In the 60s of the 19th century, reforms made huge changes in the country. A sharp social stratification began. This was especially noticeable in large cities. Some became rich, rapidly rising, while others found themselves in dire straits. The time of permissiveness and monetary relations has begun. For Dostoevsky, it was necessary to understand what result moral nihilism could lead a person to. It was to this topic that the writer devoted his work “Crime and Punishment.”
The protagonist theory had personal and social motives for committing murder. Raskolnikov was a proud, ambitious person, and at the same time he was sensitive to the suffering of others. The poor student began to look for a way that would help him get rid of this poverty. However, he wants to find a way out of this situation not only in his own favor, but also to help other people. Why did such a wild theory suddenly appear in the thoughts of a well-mannered and intelligent student? Is it because of the poverty in which he can no longer live? No. Raskolnikov, committing a criminal act, goes against the law, gaining freedom for himself. It is not without reason that the image of Napoleon appears in the novel. After all, he was indifferent to the fate of individuals, but his path helped an educated person find a way out of the current situation. Raskolnikov, unlike the emperor, wants to make not only himself happy, but also other people. He thinks that having committed a crime, he will atone for this sin with many good deeds, because the life of a simple pawnbroker is not worth a penny compared to many happy lives.
However, cold calculation and a noble soul cannot be combined at once in Rodion. His kindness and compassion for the grief of others conflict with pride and vanity, which leads our hero to such moral experiences that prevent him from turning into Napoleon. After Raskolnikov killed the old woman, he is gnawing at the feeling that he has moved away from his family. For their sake, the young man committed this crime and now they have become strangers. And the young man, instead of being proud of what he has done, finds himself completely alone. He seems to be full of dreams of repeating the fate of Napoleon, and at the same time doubts his choice. He cannot make a certain choice.
It was this doubt and indecision that brought him to the police station. Dostoevsky clearly showed here that the character’s punishment consists of his moral suffering and being alone. Only the attention and care of Sonechka Marmeladova helped bring him back to life. While he suffers, he also torments the girl. However, after some time, Raskolnikov will understand that only love will help atone for all his mental torment. Ultimately, the young man is drawn to the eternal power of good through biblical teachings.
Sample 5
Roman F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" caused many controversial opinions in society because of the main character.
Rodion Raskolnikov - central character novel. He is very handsome, dark brown hair, deep dark eyes, tall and slender. At the same time, he is smart, educated, proud. Loves independence. But his surroundings made him very withdrawn and irritable.
A young student who dreamed of becoming a great lawyer was a beggar. Due to lack of money, he is forced to quit his studies and live in a small room with minimal furnishings. His clothes are pretty worn, but he can’t afford new ones. At first glance, it is noticeable that he is constantly thoughtful and withdrawn. His mood is always bad. Raskolnikov stopped communicating with people. He was humiliated by help from strangers.
The main character divides all people into two groups and cannot understand which one he himself belongs to: “Am I a trembling creature or do I have the right?” These thoughts haunt him. To test his concept, Raskolnikov decides to kill his grandmother, a pawnbroker. Rodion thinks that by taking away the valuables, he will make not only himself, but all of humanity happy.
The reality turned out to be completely different. Together with his grandmother, Raskolnikov had to kill her sister Lizoveta, who had never offended anyone in her life. He was never able to use the loot, having hidden it. He is scared and ill. The conscience of the main character haunts him and leads to madness. His friends try to help him, but it turns out to be unsuccessful.
By the end of the novel, Raskolnikov has no strength left at all. He understands that he can’t fix anything and he won’t be able to live with such a burden. Rodion confesses and is sentenced to 8 years of hard labor. But he accepts the sentence with enthusiasm and is proud to serve his sentence. After all, a completely different life awaits him in freedom, with new and pure thoughts, as well as with Sonya Marmeladova, who was able to believe that human qualities remained in Raskolnikov.
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, in the image of Rodion Raskolnikov, wanted to show that every person is capable of repenting of their actions and becoming a full-fledged member of society.
Essay 6
In the image of this hero psychological novel the author raised problems of morality and gave his analysis of the idea of a superman, popular in his time, from a Christian point of view.
Rodion Raskolnikov is a typical poor student, immersed in the then fashionable philosophical and political ideas radical in nature. He only takes care of food and the necessities of life out of necessity. In his person is a writer who was himself at one time sentenced to death, commuted to hard labor and conscription as a soldier, for participating in activities secret society, showed a reliable image of a fighter for the reconstruction of the world.
Like many Narodnaya Volya members and other political radicals, Raskolnikov is to some extent a pure and ideological person. He kills the old pawnbroker to check whether he can change the world, whether he is one of those capable of ruling and transforming, or whether he is simply a representative of the controlled masses. It is significant that, despite his extreme poverty, Raskolnikov, having embezzled a large sum of money after committing a murder, not only does not spend it, but, in general, seems to forget about its existence. He remains immersed in his ideas and thoughts. For him, as for representatives of the radical youth of that time, only this has value.
However, unlike another novel, “Demons,” in this work the author set as his main goal not to show the terrible face of a populist, ready to step over blood and morality, such as Nechaev. In the image of Raskolnikov, the writer, who himself went through a passion for radical ideas, sought to show a way out for many young people. To do this, Dostoevsky describes in detail the collapse of Raskolnikov’s views, who failed to become a superman.
It is not known for certain whether the writer himself killed anyone, but, in any case, the image of Raskolnikov contains a lot of what the author of the novel himself experienced.
Dostoevsky reliably depicted the moment of repentance, to which his hero then comes, calling on readers to feel what Raskolnikov experienced and, rejecting fashion ideas reconstruction of society, follow Christ.
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