American Alpine goats. Alpine mountain goat breed
The Alpine goat is common in Europe and America: this breed is rarely found in Russia. Ibexes are beautiful, peaceful animals; they have very interesting colors. The peculiarity of Alpine goats is that they do not make high demands on living conditions. Females produce high-quality milk without a pronounced aroma.
The Alpine goat is common in Europe and America: this breed is rare in Russia
The Alpine goat breed has its ancestors: they are small-sized goats that spread throughout the province of Savoyard, France. Adult individuals - the predecessors of Alpine goats - came to France from distant Persia. The sailors of the past could not store a lot of meat, despite this, they still engaged in animal husbandry. Sailors tamed Ibexes and left them on the coast of Europe. Returning back, they could not take all the animals, so the Ibex fled to different countries.
People may hear the name chamois - this is an alpine goat. This species of artiodactyl is popular among European farmers. Animals love to live in the mountains; there are very few of them in the steppes. The highland goat is predominantly distributed in France: the number of individuals is more than 97% of all representatives of the genus.
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Crossbreeding
The Alpine breed includes individuals of various colors. The owners noted that the cubs can have the most unpredictable colors (not the same as those of mom and dad). The characteristic indicates that Ibexes can easily withstand cold winds, but in bad weather it is better to drive the animal into a shelter. Judging by the reviews, Ibexes eat hay and regular pasture. It is worth noting that they are unpretentious in care. At the beginning of the 20th century, goats spread throughout Switzerland and Great Britain. In the early 20s of the last century they came to the USA. The breed has been developing for many years. Individuals were crossed with Tajik and Saanen goats. Thus, their color changed.
Most of the breeds that participated in the selection did not meet the Ibex standards. The nursery provides an opportunity to see how these animals differ from each other. As a result of crossbreeding, American livestock breeders received a special breed: they were significantly larger in size than their French predecessors. In Russia, Ibex goats began to spread at the end of the 20th century. This breed is in demand not only in our country, but also in neighboring countries. Animals are also bred in the USA and Europe. Alpine goats are divided into the following subspecies:
- French;
- Swiss;
- British.
Russian farmers love them for their beautiful color, good character. Moreover, females produce high-quality, tasty milk. The characteristics of animals indicate that they easily adapt to new conditions. The Alpine breed of goats prefers to walk outdoors: it is better not to limit the freedom of artiodactyls. Looking at the description of the breed, one can understand that individuals pass on their characteristics through generations.
Gallery: Alpine goat (25 photos)
Alpine goats (video)
What does the animal look like?
The “classic” representative of the breed has a two-tone color, but you can also meet individuals with variegated fur. The animal’s neck is white, gradually turning into a dark gray color. Some goats have a red color in the shoulder area. You can find those in which it turns into dark brown. The approximate weight of a female individual is 60 kg, height - 85 cm. A male individual weighs 80 kg, average height - 1 m. Specimens with a large body stand out from the total mass. Goats have a light head, erect ears, and a noticeable crest. Animals of this breed have a long tail and thick fur. Alpine goats have a thin neck.
Looking closely at the ridge, you can see that the hair in this area is elongated. Female animals produce high-quality milk, and in large quantities. Goats have very voluminous udders. Their horns are oval, curved, and their hooves are hard. Depending on the color, there are 3 types of individuals: white, light gray and chamois.
In nature, there are two-colored chamois, individuals with a black neck. Animals of this breed are distinguished by their endurance and are kind in nature.
With the onset of winter, you can see warm fluff that appears on the body of animals. In the summer, goats molt. Alpine ungulates adapt well to different climatic conditions and are friendly. But if we talk about groups, there is always a leader in them. If you are going to breed Alpine goats, you need to make sure that the selected individual is free of impurities. Before deciding on the breed, you need to taste the milk. If you have a half-breed, its milk will not be as high quality as that of a purebred animal.
Getting milk
An important advantage of the Alpine goat breed is the ability to obtain tasty milk. If you properly care for the animal, you can have up to 1.5 tons of milk per year. The maximum amount of product per year is 2 tons (record). This liquid contains 3% protein and about the same amount of fat.
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Female Ibexes produce up to 5 liters of milk daily. The lactation period lasts a long time - up to 3 years. Milking is easy, since the animal has a regular-shaped udder. Processed goat milk is given to children. The product is highly prized for its creamy taste. Its consistency is quite thick. This milk is ideal for making cheese. As already noted, animals eat pasture.
Goat climbers (video)
Offspring
A large number of reviews confirm that keeping Ibexes is profitable. It is recommended to include food with table salt in the animal's diet. It is important to ensure that goats consume enough fluids.
Ibexes need water regardless of gender and age. Its quantity affects milk yield.
Ibexes are fertile - this is another advantage. The female gives birth to 3-4 cubs. Childbirth occurs naturally; the owner does not have to interfere. Kids grow quickly if they feed on their mother's milk. However, pregnant goats need special attention: it is important to watch what they eat. In conclusion, it should be noted that the most prolific Alpine goats are born as a result of crossing wild subspecies with domestic ones.
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Alpine goats differ from related species in their extraordinary level of resistance to various climatic conditions. They adapt to cold and heat equally quickly. Possessing a calm and friendly disposition.
The Alpine goat is very resistant to temperature changes
Description of the species
The color of the fur changes. They come in white, brown and gray colors. All representatives of the species have horns; they grow short and vertical. The Alpine breed of goats is endowed with a straight muzzle and upright ears.
Individuals have thick, smooth, but short fur. Their limbs are thin and their hooves are massive. Their height reaches eighty centimeters and their weight is sixty kilograms.
How much milk do they give?
The breed is distinguished by its productivity, which is related to the amount of milk yield. The female provides the farmer with one and a half thousand liters of milk per year. The quality of the milk and its fat content allows their milk yield to be used for cheese production.
What sets a species apart is the strength of their genes. Characteristic of the breed appearance is passed down through generations. Therefore, it is difficult to determine whether you are dealing with a purebred representative or not. Alpine goats are not widespread in Russia.
Alpine goat is a rarity in Russia
Breeding
Females are highly productive, giving birth to five kids at a time. Females are endowed with good lactation and independently feed their young.
Nubian goats originated in Africa. They reach one hundred centimeters in height and are endowed with long horns.
Coat color varies between black, white and mixed. Their ears droop. Nubian goats have smooth, odorless fur.
Breeding individuals is characterized by the absence of excessive food costs, since the animals are unpretentious in feeding. They eat green food and cereals. They love to eat root vegetables and tree branches. Don't give birch branches to Nubians, it makes them sick.
If you provide the females with warm housing in the cold, they will produce the same amount of milk as they did in the warm season. The milk yield reaches one and a half thousand liters.
Representatives have high productivity in breeding, providing the farmer with large lambing.
If there is a warm goat's rue in winter, milk yield will be as high as in summer
Care
A description of the care provided that Alpine goats need is as follows:
- Mandatory walking on pastures.
- Feeding with concentrated feed, root crops, cereals and hay.
- They need exceptionally clean and fresh water.
Animals are picky about the condition of water. They will not drink fresh and dirty water under any circumstances.
Monitor the cleanliness of bowls. from which goats eat and change the water promptly. Provide space for animals. Suitable for any type of goat. These are dryness, cleanliness, spaciousness and moderate humidity. Animals love to maintain their space. That is, make the stalls at least four square meters wide. For females and offspring, the stalls are increased. Keep the offspring and goats in separate stalls so that they can see each other.
Despite their frost resistance, Alpine goats do not tolerate drafts
Breeding the breed requires keeping them in a warm room; goats are susceptible to cold. Line the floor with wooden planks covered with straw and hay in a thick layer. The walls are lined with warm insulating material to protect the room from cold and drafts.
Change floor coverings in a timely manner to eliminate dampness in the room. Build the goat's rue on a hill so that melting snow does not cause an influx of moisture into the room.
How much milk a female gives depends on the housing conditions provided and the organization of nutrition. The fat content of goats' milk is high.
Just like alpine individuals, Nubian heat-loving animals. How much milk a Nubian goat will produce depends on how much it is kept in the cold. The milk yield reaches thousands of liters.
Breeding and selling the species does not encounter any difficulties. Both breeds are not widespread in our country, so acquiring a purebred representative is problematic.
The cost of representatives of the breeds exceeds one hundred thousand rubles.
Not widespread among our breeders will cause difficulties in selling goats on the market, but they are always in demand in neighboring countries with a more favorable climate for their cultivation. The cost will be the same as ours. The only question will be one of transportation. Individuals of the breed are used for crossing with other species.
Goats were the first animals domesticated by humans. Goat bones have been found in caves along with signs of human habitation in these caves. One of the goat remains showed signs of a healed broken leg that could only have been healed by human intervention. Without this, the animal would die in wildlife. The age of the remains was determined to be 12-15 thousand years. These goats belonged to the Persian ( middle Asia) Pashang goat. All European mountain goats are descended from the Pashang goat, also known as the Bezoar goat.
This also applies to our Alpines today and other color-based breed variations including the Saanen, Toggenburg and Oberhasli. Alpine was named after their home mountain region, the Alps.
Over thousands of years of natural selection, the Alpine breed has developed superior agility to survive on steep mountain slopes. An ideal sense of balance has developed. The breed has retained its ability to survive in arid regions. European goat herders began selective breeding for milk production and colors they liked.
High adaptability, a sense of balance, and many other personal characteristics made Alpines good candidates for travel. During travel, goats were also necessary as sources of meat and milk. Sea captains often left a couple of goats on islands along their shipping routes. This helped them find food or a fresh source of milk during future stops. Today, the Alpine breed thrives in almost any climate, and the goat is the most common farm animal in the world.
In 1906, Mrs. Edward Roby of Chicago worked actively to create the "American goat" that would help provide tuberculosis-free milk for Chicago children. It was a cross between American goats and imported Swiss ones. Her crossbred goats could become American Alpines if their registration would have taken place at that time.
When the first settlers arrived in America, they brought their milk goats with them. Captain John Smith brought dairy goats on the Mayflower. The 1630 census of Jamestown lists goats as one of its most valuable assets. Swiss breeds, along with Spanish and Austrian goats, were brought to North America between 1590 and 1700. The Austrian and Spanish breeds were similar to the Swiss breeds, although they were slightly smaller. The crossing of breeds produced the so-called "American" goat.
1904 was a turning point for goats in America. In 1904, as part of the World's Fair in St. Louis, Missouri, the first exhibition of dairy goat breeding in America was held. The exhibition featured both goats brought to the USA and those already bred in America. There were also two Schwarzwald Alpine goats, brought by Carl Hagenbeck from Germany from the town of Schwarzwald (Black Forest). They were shown in a natural setting simulating the mountains of the Alps. Also in 1904, Frenchman Joseph Crepin and Canadian Oscar Dufresne imported a group of Alpine goats to Canada and California. That same year, the American Goat Association (now ADGA) was formed. Interest in dairy goats began to spread throughout America.
From 1904 to 1922, 160 Saanen goats were imported into the United States. From 1893 to 1941 - 190 Toggenburg goats. They were actively used in crossing with American goats. This breeding program was very successful. Because the resulting animals often did not meet the color requirements for the Saanen and Toggenburg breeds, the animals became classified as Alpine breed.
French Alpines
were first imported to the United States in 1922 by Dr. Charles P. Delangle. From a huge French herd, 19 goats and 3 bucks were selected to be sent to America.
After quarantine in Cuba, they were transported to the port of New Orleans. From there it's by rail to California. Dr. Delangle's legacy lives on today, as all goats registered as "French Alpine" are directly descended from the 22 animals he selected and brought to America in 1922
British Alpines
British Alpines look like black and white Toggenburgers. They also resemble the Swiss Grison breed. British Alpines were first bred in England after a Sundgau goat was brought from the Paris Zoo in 1903. In 1925, a section of the British Alpine breed was registered with the British Goat Association. This breed was brought to America in the 50s of the 20th century. It is not registered as a separate breed in America. But the Sundgau color is present in both French Alpines and American Alpines. Sundgau is the name of a hilly geographical area near the French-German-Swiss border along the Rhine River.
Swiss Alps
The Swiss Alpine, now called Oberhasli, has a warm red-brown coat with black trim along the muzzle, face, back, and belly. This color is known as "chamoisee" among Alpines. Oberhasli originate from the Brienzer region of Switzerland near Bern. In the early nineteenth century, the first Oberhasli were imported to the United States. But purebred Oberhaslis are descended from four goats and one buck imported into Missouri in 1936 by Dr. H.O. Pence, and were identified as Swiss Alpines. In 1937, Dr. Pence wrote: "I was especially interested in purebred animals with a long lactation period, quantity of milk of excellent quality. I found this in Switzerland. Goats were in the Alps. Having seen herds of various breeds, I chose the Swiss Alpine." In 1979, the ADGA recognized the Swiss Alpine as a separate breed, and the name was changed to Oberhasli.Without a doubt, Oberhasli is still part of the gene pool of the American Alpine breed.
American Alpines
are an American original breed. This breed is the result of a crossbreeding program with both French and American Alpines. This program has brought genetics from several breeds into the breed and makes the American Alpine one of the largest genetically rich breeds in America. The breed's results are impressive, both in the production of dairy products and the results of victories at exhibitions. American Alpine goats represent a success of hybrid breeding.
This information is taken from the Alpines International Club website
American Dairy Goat Association
The Alpine goat breed is also called the French Alpine and ADGA registration documents use both names, which are synonymous. Alpine goats are medium to large-sized animals, agile and graceful, and the only breed with vertical ears, and come in a variety of colors and different color combinations, giving them a distinctiveness and personality from other breeds. They are hardy, highly adaptable animals in all climates, while maintaining good health and excellent performance. The length of the coat is medium to short. The height of adult goats is not less than 76.2 cm at the withers and the weight is not less than 61.23 kg. Mature goats are at least 81.28 cm at the withers and weigh no less than 77.11 kg. The muzzle is straight. A Roman nose, Toggenburg color and markings, or an all-white coat are disqualifying faults.
The following colors are available:
COU BLANC (Russian Peacock)
literally "white neck" - white front quarter of the body, black hind limbs, black or gray markings on the head.
COU NOIR
literally “black neck” - black front quarter of the body and white back and back of the limb.
PIED (Russian Motley)
spotted or mottled
COU CLAIR (Russian Peacock)
literally “light neck” - the front quarter of the body is tan-colored, saffron-colored, fading into dark gray with black hind limbs.
SUNDGAU (Russian Sangou)
black, with white markings on the lower part of the body, and stripes on the muzzle, etc.
CHAMOISEE (Russian Chamois)
Brown or laurel color, characteristic black markings on the face, a black stripe on the back, black legs.
FRENCH VERSUS AMERICANS...
Among new Alpine enthusiasts, there is often a misunderstanding of the difference between French Alpines and American Alpines. French or Purebred Alpines are those that are descended from only genuine animals imported from France. American Alpines are those animals that have been crossed with other breeds and then brought back through registered American or French Alpine goats. French Alpines (Purebred Alpines) can only be obtained by crossing two French Alpines. The terms French and Thoroughbred are synonymous and can be used interchangeably. Since American Alpines are created by crossing different breeds, they cannot be described as "purebred". Registration papers for all Alpines are issued if the animal is a French or American Alpine. At shows, French and American Alpines compete with each other and are shown in the same "Alpine" ring.
In the pedigrees of the ADGA French Alpines they write - Purebred French Alpine
In the ADGA pedigrees of American Alpines it is written - American Alpine
Excerpts from the 2012 American Dairy Goat Association (ADGA) Guide to the Disadvantages and Defects of Alpine Goats
Alpine goat standard
All defects are divided into the following categories:
Average defects
Defects between moderate and severe
Serious defects
Very serious defects
Disqualifying defects
MEDIUM DEFECTS
Goat sizes are less than:
Minimum height at withers – 76 cm
Minimum weight – 61.36 kg
Goat sizes are less than:
Minimum height at withers – 81 cm
Minimum weight – 77.27 kg
Goats with Taggenburg colors and markings
Goats are completely white
MODERATE TO SEVERE DEFECTS
Roman nose
SERIOUS DEFECTS
Goats with Toggenburg colors and markings
Goats are completely white
DISQUALIFYING DEFECTS
floppy ears
Lamancha type ears
GENERAL DEFECTS (common to any breed of goats, including Alpine)
BETWEEN MILD AND SEVERE:
Large scars or sores
Overshot or undershot
Extended knees; non-threatening lameness
Thin bones for body size
Loose or heavy shoulders
Narrow chest
Short, narrow or shallow body
Low or steep sacrum
Broken or crooked tail
Close set hocks
Swollen hocks
Swollen knee joints
Rear legs approaching
Springy pasterns
Crooked legs
The udder has a muscular texture or folds
Weak anterior, posterior or lateral udder ligaments
Separation between the two halves of the udder or presence of scar tissue
Nipples that:
Located close to each other
Bulbous
Too big or too small
Directed in different directions
Various sizes
Spontaneous milk leakage or other milking problems
Not clearly separated from the udder
VERY SERIOUS DEFECTS
Too stretched
Hard or swollen (except for newly lambed ones)
So uneven that one half of the udder is smaller than half of the other half of the udder
With two holes in the nipple
Extra teat or teats removed from a goat
Spontaneous leakage of milk
Incorrect placement of nipple holes
2. Curvature of the muzzle
3. Too crooked legs
DISQUALIFYING DEFECTS FOR ALL BREEDS
Complete blindness
Serious exhaustion
Persistent limp or difficulty walking
- “Blind” or non-functioning half of the udder
- “Blind” nipples
Double nipple/nipples
Extra nipples
Active mastitis/any other cause of abnormal milk
Hermaphroditism or any other reason for lack of reproduction
The Alpine goat breed received the same name from its place of origin - the Alps. The exterior was greatly influenced by the fact that the breed comes from a mountainous area, because it is known that in order to stay stable on the mountain slopes you need to have great strength and grace, which are combined in the Alpine breed of goats. Another incomparable plus, especially in extreme conditions, is a high level of adaptation, strong immunity and positive character. If you combine these advantages together with productive qualities, you get one of the most common goat breeds throughout the world.
No less popular is the Alpine goat breed, which was improved in America. She got there with Western Europe approximately in the 20s of the last century. Specialists worked to further increase the milk yield of individuals of the Alpine breed and they really succeeded. To achieve success, experts selected only the best individuals of the Saanen and Toggenburg breeds. As a result, Alpine goats of the American type turned out to be slightly larger and more productive than the European ones.
Due to constant attempts to improve the milk production of goats, their color also changes, so you can find the following main varieties of the Alpine breed: Rock, British, Swiss, French, and this is far from the limit. Interestingly, even if the goat and the goat were white, then little goats can be of completely different colors and shades, so it is almost impossible to preserve any color. For this ability, Alpine goats received another funny name - Multicolor.
If we talk about the external structure of the body, then it is characterized as strong, strong and dense. The head is medium in size, the body is not too large, the limbs are long and graceful. The head has erect ears and dark eyes. The neck is not too thin, long. The hooves are strong and strong, able to move easily over unstable mountainous terrain. As for color, there is no single true sign of the breed. The only thing that can be said with confidence is that the classic Alpine breed is not completely white, as many believe, but has its own specific characteristics. The white coat should mainly be on the neck, and then graduate into a darker color, close to gray or brown. The main thing is a smooth gradient, which should go from light to darker. Thus, in addition to the classic Alpine goat, the following varieties can also be distinguished: bay, magpie, sandgow, paid, ku nvar, which differ only in coat color.
Alpine goats are an excellent option for keeping at home because they are unpretentious to food, produce large amounts of milk and produce healthy kids. Alpine goats have a well-developed maternal instinct; they can take care of their offspring for a long time. The lactation period lasts a very long time, a maximum of 3 years, which allows you to receive milk in large quantities almost all year round. It is possible to milk Alpine goats without any technical devices, since the udder has a very regular shape and the teats are placed very conveniently. Milk does not have a specific taste if Alpine goats are kept under normal conditions, with moderate fat content - 3.5%. Thanks to these qualities, this breed is considered one of the most widespread in the world and is in great demand and popularity.
To feel comfortable in mountain conditions and easily survive adverse weather conditions, alpine goats must be very strong and large. An adult goat grows more than 80 cm at the withers, and a goat more than 75 cm, weighing 62 and 78 kg respectively. It's really considered quite big sizes for goats, but this does not bother them at all. Goats give birth to fairly large and healthy kids, which quickly begin to stand on their feet and graze with their mother. Most often 2 kids are born, less often 1 and 3.
When individuals of the Alpine breed are in a common territory, they always strive to show which of them is the leader, so sometimes small fights can occur that do not bring serious consequences. But goats treat their owner very well, they quickly get used to it and remember their owner’s voice. It often happens that a farmer needs to intervene in a showdown between animals, since the strongest individuals may not allow the weaker ones to approach the feeder or the area where the grass is the most lush. This must be monitored so that weaker individuals do not begin to lose weight, and as a result, their productive qualities will decrease.
Alpine goats are valued for their high milk yield and good taste of milk. An adult goat can produce up to 1,500 liters of milk per year, which can be consumed or sold. You can also make cheese, feta cheese and other dairy products that have positive properties for the body.
Nowadays, experts are still working on improving the breed and have already created many hybrids. One of the earliest is the British Alpine goat, which was recorded back in the 30s of the last century. This breed is characterized by short, thick black wool; another name for the breed is no less well known - Black Toggenburg sheep. But in fact, this is a name that refers to a completely different breed, but very similar in appearance. Almost all parts of the body are black, but there are light markings on the ears, limbs and tail that are very hungry.
The milk yield of such a goat is more than 1600 liters per year.
The Alpine goat breed is very hardy. For the winter they become overgrown with warm fluff, and closer to summer they molt. This allows them to endure harsh winters without risk. Such a goat is unpretentious, and therefore quickly adapts to completely different climatic conditions and feed.
The Alpine goat is significantly different from other breeds.
Despite the fact that its color may be different, it is not difficult to distinguish it. “White neck” - the white color of the head gradually turns into gray or black on the shoulders. “Red neck” - according to the same scheme, the color goes from red to dark brown and black.
"Bay" - a reddish-brown, red or brown color with black markings on the head, and also along the back and will transform into legs. The "magpie" goat has a pure white head. "Sandgo" is a black goat with white spots. "Paid" is a spotted or motley goat. "Ku nwar" is characterized by a black front and back of the body.
In addition to color, the Alpine goat breed can be distinguished by size. This goat is quite large. An adult goat has a height at the withers of at least 72 centimeters and a weight of 61 kilograms, and a male goat is 81 centimeters and 77 kilograms, respectively.
Also, the Alpine goat is very productive. It produces about 1200 - 1600 liters of milk per year, and it has a fairly good fat content - about 3.5%.
The Alpine goat has a thin build. her head is short and light, her neck is also not long and thin, her back is straight, her rump is narrow and very low. The legs of this goat are dry and thin, the horns are small and very light. In summer the coat is short, but on the ridge it is longer.
This breed has a very quiet, calm and peaceful character. On the other hand, this does not prevent them from trying to take a leading position in a group of other goats.
In 1911, the British Alpine goat appeared and was selected. It is a short-haired goat, with pure black coloring and white stripes on the face, edging on the ears, legs below the hocks and carpal joints, and under the tail. Also, such a goat is characterized by erect ears and slightly forward ears, a very long and graceful neck. On average, such a goat produces 4.5 liters of milk per day.
When asked where to buy Alpine goats, beginners in breeding should look for the answer in specialized markets. You can even do this via the Internet.
Interestingly, the Alpine goat breed was originally developed and bred in the French Alps. It was brought to the USA in 1922, and only after its breeding began to actively spread in other countries except France and Great Britain.
Breeding Alpine goats is considered quite a profitable business. These goats produce a lot of milk, have a calm character and at the same time high fertility. They are unpretentious in conditions of detention and different types feed The time and expenses that go into finding and purchasing such goats will pay off handsomely, because they bring great profit to the farm.
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