Carmen in different art forms. The image of Carmen in world art
The image of the young Spanish gypsy Carmen was originally described in the short story of the same name by P. Merime in 1845. Big Picture the character of the fatal beauty is made up of male book narratives.
The narrator meets a gypsy on the embankment. The Frenchman has mixed feelings when looking at the servant of the dark forces. He looks at her with an interest that veers into fear and alienation. Gloomy light, the background of a dark night river, give tragedy and a gloomy atmosphere that will haunt the characters throughout the story.
Georges Bizet, creating an opera
Bizet began work on the opera in 1874. "Carmen" stage subsequently underwent major changes. The libretto was full of drama and deep emotional contrasts, acting heroes became brighter. A colorful folk gypsy theme was added to the opera. The premiere of the story of the life and love of a Spanish woman took place in 1875, but was absolutely unsuccessful, since the concepts of morality of that time differed from those laid down in the opera.
The first to appreciate the image of the girl was Tchaikovsky. According to him, this masterpiece of Bidet reflects everything musical goals era. After 10 years, the picture "Carmen" is gaining more and more popularity and wins the hearts of the audience.
Bizet's opera brought folk character traits to the appearance of a gypsy. To do this, the composer moved the scene of the events to the square and the unimaginable beauty of the mountainous expanses. Wild gorges and gloomy urban slums have been replaced by the sunny streets of Seville. Bizet created a Spain full of joyful life.
He placed in all places a mass of people, which is in constant motion, depicting happy life. An important shade of the opera was the inclusion of folk episodes. The gloomy features of the drama took on the appearance of an optimistic tragedy of what is happening.
Bizet invested in the idea of the opera the importance of affirming the rights of people to express the freedom of feelings. The opera was a clash of two points of view of the psychological development of mankind. If Jose defends only the patriarchal view, then the gypsy is trying to prove that life in freedom, which is not constrained by the norms and dogmas of accepted morality in society, is much better and more beautiful.
Gypsy image of Carmen in the opera "Carmen"
The gypsy is one of the brightest heroines of opera life. Passionate temperament, female irresistibility and independence - all this literally screams in the image of Carmen. She has almost nothing to do with her literary heroine in description. All this was done intentionally in order to open more passion in the heroine and remove the cunning and thieving manners of the book character. Moreover, Bizet gave her the opportunity to seek the right to gain her freedom with the tragic condition - the loss of her own life.
The overture of the opera is the initial description of the musical image of Carmen. A fatal passion is played out between a gypsy and a Spaniard, Jose. The music is reminiscent of the leitmotif from the bullfighters' festival, it is sharp and quick-tempered. Subsequently, this motif returns in dramatic scenes.
Spaniard portrait
The full image of Carmen is revealed through the famous Spanish dance Habanera, which is the progenitor of the tango. Bizet created a whole range of languid, sensual, passionate movements to the real melody of Cuban freedom. This is not just a portrait of a hot gypsy, but also a story in motion about her desire to be free in her love - this is her life position.
The characterization of the girl is kept in the dance variation until the third act. This is a series of scenes with songs and dancing Spanish rhythms. Gypsy folklore completes the picture when the interrogation episode comes. In it, Carmen sings a playful gypsy song, she taunts and defiantly, singing one verse after another.
Hispanic gypsy character
A more meaningful description of the image of Carmen appears in Spanish folk dance Seguidilla. Under the virtuoso playing, the gypsy shows her peculiar Spanish character, and the composer compares the minor and major scales.
Cymbals, a tambourine and a triangle in the next act return the gypsy look to the image of Carmen. The growing dynamics of the tempo gives the girl a perky, energetic and temperamental look.
The image of Carmen in a duet
Military guy Jose, in love with a gypsy, follows with joy in his eyes her songs and dances using a castanet. The melody is simple enough that Carmen sings it without using words. Jose admires the girl, but remembers his military duty as soon as he hears the call to muster.
However, the freedom-loving Carmen does not understand this attachment, even after Jose's declaration of love, she does not stop reproaching the guy. After that, the duet turns into a solo gypsy who wants to lure a young military man into her life full of freedom. Here you can see a very simple and frivolous image of a passionate gypsy.
Big solo exit
Her solo performance occupies a large place in the opera. It is built on the themes of farewell to one's duty and escape to one's native land. The second theme is accompanied by a tarantella dance, and the first theme is accompanied by song motifs. As a result, all this turns into a kind of hymn to freedom.
However, the conflict is aggravated, and the more the girl's experience grows, the deeper and more dramatic the image of Carmen becomes. The turning point comes only during the aria in the divination scene. Carmen finally realizes that having only selfish intentions to bend others to her will, she loses her own "I". For the first time, a gypsy thinks about how she burns her life.
End of opera
In the divination scene, the characterization of Carmen's image has three forms. The first and last are funny songs with girlfriends, the second is a separate aria of a gypsy. The expressiveness of the performance of the aria is a distinctive feature of the image of Carmen in this phase of the opera. The song was originally set to be performed in a minor key, without dance accompaniment. The low tones of the orchestra part, in which a gloomy color is achieved thanks to the sound of trombones, bring an atmosphere of mourning. The wave principle of vocals is adjacent to the rhythmic pattern of musical accompaniment.
The gypsy performs the last act in duets with Escamillo, who brings an imprint of love into the image of Carmen. The second duet is embodied with Jose, it resembles a tragic duel full of sorrow - it is the culmination of the entire opera "Carmen". The image of Carmen is adamant to the entreaties and threats of José. She dryly and succinctly answers the melodic songs of the military. The theme of passion reappears in the orchestra.
The development of events takes place along a dramatic line with the intrusion of the cries of outsiders. The finale of the opera ends with Carmen's death while Escamillo is honored as the winner. Born in freedom, the gypsy decides to commit suicide and prove that she is also free in this choice. The festive sound of the theme of the march of the bullfighters is compared with a fatal motive.
Good afternoon to all who visit!
It is with this review-article that I begin a series of analyzes of foreign works second half of the 19th century.
Today we will analyze "Carmen" P. Merimee
- Stages of creativity P. Merimee
- The structure of the short story-ellipsis
- Short story composition
- Plot Features
- Image of Don José
- The image of Carmen
Stages of creativity P. Merimee
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Traditionally, in literary criticism, 3 stages are distinguished in the work of P. Merimee:
- 1822-1833 (P. Merimee leaves the mainstream of romanticism, but at the same time he does not ironically comprehend this direction. He begins to choose genre forms. He actively writes short stories as a single cycle, is interested in the history of France)
- 1833-1846 (at this stage, the elliptical novel genre appears)
- 1846-1870 (actively translates foreign literature, including Russian)
The structure of the short story-ellipsis
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According to Wikipedia
Ellipsis(from other Greek ἔλλειψις - lack) in linguistics - intentional omission of words that are not essential for the meaning of the expression
V work of art the same principle applies. Only whole events are skipped instead of words.
Novella ellipsis -
it is a work of art in which all content is organized around two centers that are equal in rights and interact with each other. In terms of plot, only the center serves as the basis of the short story, while the others form an essay. A dynamic plot in which the situation of the story is accentuated.
If you translate from Russian into Russian, then:
- Two equal centers are Carmen and José
- They interact closely with each other.
- The plot develops dynamically: Don Jose tells his story to the narrator, which is the basis of the novel
- The novel tells only the most important things to reveal the images of the characters.
- Jose's story is the center, and parts 1 and 4 of the novel are the essay
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Short story composition
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My favorite kind of composition! Of course, in the middle of the 19th century it was no longer new.
This story within a story
If you imagine the composition schematically, you get a square in a square or a circle in a circle.
External frame short stories - the speech of the narrator-traveler-archaeologist (which is also very important). The hero-narrator conveys the story of José to the reader.
Inner part short stories - the story of the life of José and his love for Carmen.
It is very important to pay attention to points of view here. Jose sees Carmen in a completely different way than the narrator
This is how our hero-archaeologist saw her:
suddenly a woman, coming up the stairs from the river, sat down next to me. She had a large bouquet of jasmine in her hair, the petals of which emit an intoxicating smell in the evening. She was dressed simply, perhaps even poorly, in all black, like most grisettes in the evenings. Society women only wear black in the morning; in the evening they dress a la francesa. Approaching me, my bather dropped the mantilla that covered her head onto her shoulders, “and in the gloomy light streaming from the stars,” I saw that she was short, young, well-built, and that she had huge eyes.
And such Carmencita appeared before Jose:
She wore a very short red skirt, which showed white silk stockings, quite full of holes, and pretty shoes of red morocco, tied with fiery ribbons. She threw back her mantilla to reveal her shoulders and a large bouquet of acacia tucked into the neckline of her chemise. She also had an acacia flower in her teeth, and she walked with her hips moving like a young Cordoba mare.
The same woman is seen in completely different ways by the two characters. It is called points of view. For an archaeologist, only the external part is important: eyes, height, physique, hair. Jose, on the other hand, notes something completely different: what did Carmen do and how
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Plot Features
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At first glance, the plot may seem very simple: a certain criminal, before his death, decides to tell the story of his life to a random acquaintance, the acquaintance remembers this story, and then publishes it.
In fact, everything is not so simple (for which I love literature)
- The plot develops in exotic setting
For Don Jose Lisarrabengoa, the place of development of events is not his homeland, he is a Basque by nationality, and, once in a foreign environment, he contrasts sharply with it.
Carmen is a gypsy and gypsies are a nomadic people. In addition, Andalusia is also a non-native place for her - she was born in Etchalar, and grew up in Seville:
I am from Elizondo, I answered her in Basque, excited that she spoke my language.
I'm from Etchalar, she said. (It's four hours away from us.) - The gypsies took me to Seville. I worked in a factory to save up enough to return to Navarre to my poor mother, who has no other support than me and a small barratcea with two dozen cider apple trees.
- Verticity plot
The vertex of the plot refers to the ellipsis.
In literary criticism, vertex is understood as a reflection of only the main events that are turning for the fate of the hero. If we imagined the axis of coordinates, then on it the decisive events would be indicated by dots, after which the line would go down, indicating a decrease in tension. Ultimately, the drawing is mountains. That is why we call such a phenomenon in texts vertex.
In "Carmen" The main events it:
The meeting of Carmen and Jose ➜ Jose in prison ➜ the murder of a hussar ➜ the murder of Carmen's husband ➜ the murder of Carmen
- Fragmentation plot
Literary scholars understand fragmentation as a reflection of only a series of the most important key events, omissions of details that are not interconnected and do not entail consequences for each other.
In "Carmen" one can observe transitions in time, all events-murders, as it were, of the same order. And Jose tells the travel narrator only the most important things from his life. That's why it's a novella, not a novel.
José's image
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José is a Basque, purebred Christian, the type of hero is a careerist. This is of course related to the idea of Napoleonism at the time:
Soon I became a corporal, and they promised to make me a sergeant major.
Entering the soldier, I imagined that I would become at least an officer. And my compatriots, Chapalangarra, "black" like Mina, and who, like him, found refuge in your country, rose to the rank of captain-general Long, Mina; Chapalangarra was a colonel, and how many times I played ball with his brother, a poor man like me.
In the image of Jose, it is very important to pay attention to alienation motive:
- Fight (an event due to which the hero was forced to leave his native place
Once, when I won, one Alav youth started a quarrel with me; we took on maquila, and I defeated him again; but because of that I had to leave.
- Releases the criminal, commits a crime (an event after which the hero enters the circle of smugglers)
Suddenly Carmen turns around and punches me in the chest. I fell on my back on purpose. With one jump, she jumps over me and rushes to run, showing us a pair of legs! ..
it seemed rather unnatural, to tell the truth, that a fragile girl could topple a fine fellow like me with one blow of her fist. All this seemed suspicious, or rather, too clear. When the changing of the guard came, I was demoted and put in jail for a month. It was my first service charge. Farewell, Wahmistr galloons, which I already considered mine!
Jose, on the eve of his death, tells the story of his life - this is biography-confession
The image of Carmen
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Carmen begins a series of femme fatales in literature; she has masculine traits (independent, free, "her" in the circle of criminals, smokes a cigar)
- She cannot help but stand out from the crowd, she is always in the spotlight, but at the same time she does not give herself offense
- Acts as a tempter (serpent) - biblical overtones:
It is on Snake Street that Jose releases Carmen, on the same street she later bought a dozen oranges.
For José, Carmen is a snake-tempter who offers to go to the robbers.
Jose expected that Carmen would submit to him, but this freedom-loving woman could not do this, she is a gypsy, this is not in her national character.
Here is what he wrote Yu. B. Vipper about Carmen's character:
The ability of Carmen and Don Jose to surrender to an all-consuming passion is the source that strikes the reader with the integrity of their natures and the charm of their images. Carmen absorbed a lot of bad things from the criminal environment in which she grew up. She cannot help but lie and deceive, she is ready to take part in any thieves' adventure. But in the contradictory inner appearance of Carmen, there are also such wonderful spiritual qualities that the pampered or hardened representatives of the master's society are deprived of. This is sincerity and honesty in the most intimate feeling for her - love. This is a proud adamant love of freedom, a willingness to sacrifice everything up to life for the sake of preserving inner independence.
Carmen - this is the embodiment of the entire gypsy people. She absorbed all the brightest features of this people. It is through her image that the life and customs of the gypsies are shown.
Lukov:
The “framing” was created by Merimee not at all for stylistic reasons (to contrast the “learned” narrative with the description of the passions of Carmen and Jose), this is an important part ideological concept. The author is primarily interested not in Carmen, but in the gypsy people. Carmen is called upon to emphasize his main features, "physiognomy", to solve his riddle. The tragic clash between Carmen and Jose is not at all a consequence of the individual properties of their characters: two nationalities collided and, accordingly, two views of the world.
That's how many secrets are fraught with a small short story by P. Merimee "Carmen". Of course, I have not revealed all the secrets of this novel, but I think this is enough to interest you in the work of P. Merimee
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Russia, Moscow, GBOU GYMNASIYA No. 000, 7 "a" class
Scientific Supervisor: IRINA YURIEVNA VOLOSATOVA,
music teacher, deputy director for innovation work
GBOU gymnasium No. 000, methodologist of the GBOU CPM of Moscow, Ph.D.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IMAGE OF CARMEN IN ART
Each art form is distinguished by its specific system of visual, means of expression and has advantages over other types of art in the transfer of certain life phenomena. However, a complete artistic picture of the world can be recreated only with a complex impact on a person of various types of art. At the same time, the meaning of the artistic image is revealed only in a certain communicative situation, and the final result of such communication depends on the personality, goals and even the momentary mood of the person who encountered it, as well as on the specific culture to which he belongs. Therefore, often after one or two centuries have passed since the creation of a work of art, it is perceived in a completely different way than its contemporaries and even the author himself perceived it.
Was no exception and artistic image Carmen, reflected in many types and genres of art.
An attempt to answer the question: why Carmen in J. Bizet and R. Shchedrin - opposite artistic images with an outward similarity of musical intonations, which still attracts this image of contemporaries, led to the choice research topic "The embodiment of the image of Carmen in art."
In addition, we studied the opera "Carmen" by G. Bizet and the ballet "Carmen Suite" by R. Shchedrin at a music lesson in the past academic year. Such bright music cannot but be remembered! Interest in this topic increased in the classroom in the choreographic group of the recreation center "Salyut" when learning Spanish dances.
The problem of the embodiment of the artistic image in various types art is not new. These are the images of Romeo and Juliet in the story of the same name by W. Shakespeare, the ballet by S. S. Prokofiev, the fantasy overture by P. I. Tchaikovsky and even the rock opera by V. Kalle, the image of Herman in The Queen of Spades in the story by A. S. Pushkin, the opera by P. I. Tchaikovsky and the ballet "Troika, Seven, Dame", etc.
Writers (P. Merimet) and poets (A. Blok, M. Tsvetaeva and others), musicians (J. Bizet and R. Shchedrin) and choreographers (R. Petit, A. Alonso, V. Elizariev) turned to the image of Carmen , artists (M. Vrubel, S. Dali and others) and fashion designers (T. Koltsova, I. Alsanova and others). For all the collectivity of this image in each art, it is embodied individually and uniquely. However, it should be recognized that at present, young people have a reduced level of need to communicate with art and there is an ignorance of the figurative understanding of the world.
Therefore, it is revealed contradiction between ability of art“to stimulate the individuality of the development of the world, giving it artistry”, (V. P. Ivanov), and insufficient accumulation of experience in the perception of images high quality works of art.
The desire to find ways to resolve the above contradiction determined problem of our research: what is the need to embody the image of Carmen in various forms of art and fashion, and what determines the readiness of contemporaries to perceive it?
An object research: artistic image of Carmen.
Thing research: the process of transformation of the image of Carmen in various forms of art and fashion.
Target research: systematization of ideas about the integrity of the artistic image of Carmen in art and fashion.
Hypothesis.
The study of the image of Carmen in art and fashion makes it possible to understand the phenomenon and cultural meaning of artistic communication with the world of art, which makes it possible to search for personal ideals.
Tasks research:
1) to reveal the concept of an artistic image in art and fashion;
2) develop criteria for evaluating the image of Carmen in art and fashion and characterize them;
3) analyze the artistic image of Carmen in the novel, opera, ballet, poetry, fine arts and fashion;
4) to do experimental work to identify the color associative range of Carmen's image in art and fashion by students of grade 6 "a".
results research and their novelty:
Held comparative analysis color representations of the artistic image of Carmen in various arts and fashion;
The process of transformation of the image of Carmen from the short story by P. Merimee to the ballet by R. Shchedrin and modern fashion collections is substantiated.
Practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the work reveals the mechanisms of perception of the artistic image of Carmen by means of literature, poetry, music, fine arts, choreography, fashion.
An artistic image is any phenomenon that is creatively recreated in a work of art. Science defines the artistic image as a universal category artistic creativity, a form of interpretation and development of the world from the standpoint of a certain aesthetic ideal by creating aesthetically affecting objects. An artistic image is created on the basis of one of the means of the art form or a combination of several. Under the artistic image in art we understand m is a set of means and techniques by which an idea is created about the hero, the phenomenon of a work of art.
V literature and poetry an artistic image is created on the basis of a specific language environment. Meaning, internal structure, clarity of the artistic image in music largely determined by the acoustic qualities of musical sound. In fine arts(including photo and film art) it is created based on the display of visual characteristics. In choreography- through the expression of thoughts and feelings by means of conditional movements - gestures and postures (dance) in interaction with music and rhythm. "Fashionable" the image takes the place of the artistic image in culture and forms the world of beauty of culture. The imagery of fashion allows us to understand the cultural meanings of this phenomenon.
The artistic image of Carmen was addressed by writers, poets, composers, choreographers, fashion designers, critics, screenwriters, etc. etc. Therefore, ideas about it have a certain “stamp” in the minds of people of many generations, being collective. We examined the image of Carmen in literature (separately highlighting poetry), music, choreography, fine arts, and fashion.
Research progress.
1. Development of the main criteria for the study of the image of Carmen in the short story of the same name by P. Merimee: appearance, character traits, attitude towards people, attitude towards oneself, worldview, story line and the characterization of the image according to the text of the novel is given. Conclusion: Carmen in the literary source appears as a freedom-loving, cruel, unfaithful girl with a quick temper, for whom deceit and cunning are part of life.
2. Development of the main criteria for the study of the image of Carmen in the opera of the same name by Georges Bizet: intonation, rhythm, character, dynamics, tempo, melody, mode, texture, distinctive features image, his cinquain. Conclusion: Bizet's Carmen also appears freedom-loving, cruel, independent, but no longer prone to theft and cunning.
3. Analysis of the poetic image of Carmen in the lyrical cycle of Alexander Blok and the poem by Marina Tsvetaeva according to the developed criteria: what feelings are expressed in the poem, poetic rhythm, rhymes, tropes, oppositions, methods of enhancing phonetic attractiveness, syntax, worldview, features of the image, syncwine. Conclusion: Marina Tsvetaeva's perception of Carmen is more human, feminine and passionate. Perhaps this is due to the greater musicality of the poetess's versification and the individual associations of the authors. The image of Carmen in Blok is endowed with divine features that raise her to the level of the ideal.
4. The study of the image of Carmen from the point of view of choreography in A. Alonso's ballet to the music of R. Shchedrin "Carmen Suite" according to the developed criteria: plasticity, gestures, attitude to music, pas de deux, image created by choreography, storyline, cinquain image. Conclusion: image analysis main character in "Carmen Suite" by R. Shchedrin allows you to see that Carmen in the ballet is a beautiful girl looking for true love. She strives for mutual understanding with people, but the people around her are hostile to her.
5. The study of the image of Carmen in the visual arts required the development of the following criteria: artistic genre, look, colors, colors, shadows, impression of the image, cinquain. The image of Carmen worried artists from the moment of writing the famous short story by P. Merimee. These are images of portraits of world famous painters: E. Manet, M. Vrubel, F. Goya, S. Dali, and contemporary masters brushes: V. Simonova, T. Berestova, E. Vorontsova. Conclusion: although each artist “sees” Carmen in his own way, she does not look like a “villain” in any portrait. Artists painted Carmen with a sad, slightly tired look, the colors of her clothes are not flashy, but eye-catching. Her image in the visual arts evokes sympathy, but not rejection.
6. Study of the image of Carmen in fashion for three collections of dresses and for a collection of clothes for the home. Development of the following criteria: silhouette, combination of colors, building models, syncwine image. Conclusion: in all three collections of weekend clothes, such features of Carmen as independence, sincerity in the manifestation of feelings, love of freedom are revealed, while in the collection of home clothes her femininity, charm, and the ability to evoke boundless love are revealed.
Thus, having analyzed the identified features of the image of Carmen in various types of art and fashion, we can state that this artistic image is presented in them in different ways. It depends both on the expressive means of a particular type of art, and on the subjective view of the author (writer, poet, composer, choreographer, artist, fashion designer). The representation of the image of Carmen, its diversity in the forms of art is expressed in the desire to improve and elevate it. The study showed that this is not just a female character in one of literary works, but also one of world images human culture, such as Hamlet, Don Quixote.
Next direction research work - experimental work on the study of color associations of the image of Carmen, which was held on the basis of Gymnasium No. 000 in three stages: ascertaining, forming and final. In the process of experimental work, the following methods:
ñ questioning;
ñ S. L. Sobchik's color selection method;
Carmen, whose name means “blessed Madonna of Mount Carmel,” does not in any way coincide with the image of a pure and immaculate virgin. A gypsy who has been earning a living by deceit since childhood, easily seduces men without thinking about the consequences. And even realizing the inevitable disaster, the beauty is not ready to retreat. The desire for profit in the girl's heart is too strong.
History of creation
The author of the short story about the rebellious beauty is a French writer. The first thoughts about writing a short story, in which human tragedy and the biography of the Spanish people intertwined, visited the author of "Carmen" in Spain. The man spent a year and a half in a sunny country and deeply studied the customs and habits of the local population.
The work "Gypsies" had no less influence on Merimee's inspiration. French writer Since childhood, he studied Russian, so he easily translated the poet's work. The man was especially impressed by the sincerity and love of freedom. actors works.
In 1845, the short story was presented to the public, and in 1875 the premiere of the opera Carmen took place, the composer of which was.
Both the opera and the short story did not make a positive impression on critics. But it was the devastating reviews that appeared in the newspapers that attracted the public. Musical composition flooded the stage, bringing Bizet incredible popularity. At the same time, the literary source of the opera went unnoticed by many of Mérimée's contemporaries.
"Carmen"
A reliable biography of the gypsy Carmencita has been known since the appearance of the girl in the city of Seville. The beauty worked at a tobacco factory, where, in addition to the heroine, 400 more women rolled cigars. However, unlike other workers, Carmen did not make friends, as she had an explosive temper and a sharp tongue.
“Her skin, though impeccably smooth, closely resembled copper in color. Her eyes were slanted, but wonderfully carved; the lips were a little full, but beautifully defined, and behind them were visible teeth, whiter than peeled tonsils. Her hair, perhaps a little coarse, was black, with a blue tint like a raven's wing, long and shiny.
Opera "Carmen"
Once a skirmish with a factory worker reached a stabbing - offended by a cruel joke, Carmen slashed the face of a woman she knew. Due to the seriousness of the injuries, the authorities decide to send the gypsy to prison, and Jose Lisarrabengoa is trusted to accompany the arrested woman.
The young man, who was not impressed by the first meeting with Carmen, started a conversation with the girl. The troublemaker told the inexperienced soldier that she was born in Etchalar, from where the gypsies took her away. In the homeland of the beauty, a single mother remained, and the girl worked in a factory in order to save money for the way home.
During a sincere conversation, the seductress persuaded José to help her escape. The girl pushed her new acquaintance in the chest, and while he pretended to lose his balance, she disappeared from sight. Despite her impudent nature, Carmen did not forget her assistant. Upon learning that Jose was in prison because of complicity in escaping, the gypsy sent bread to the man, in which she hid a file and money. However, the soldier did not take advantage of such kindly provided assistance.
The next meeting of young people took place in the house of the colonel, where José was sent after being demoted from the officers. A company of gypsies came to entertain the military guests. And among the noisy camp, Jose saw the charming Carmen.
Already leaving the holiday, the beauty whispered an appointment to the soldier. As soon as Jose arrived at the meeting place, Carmen took the already fallen in love man for a walk. Wandering the streets, the gypsy, with childish spontaneity, spent all the money of her boyfriend, after which she took Jose to an old house, where the couple spent a day and a half in unbridled fun and lovemaking.
Soon Carmencita herself escorted the man out. In a fit of revelation, the girl asked Jose not to think about her anymore, because such a relationship would end badly for young man. Alas, the soldier is already too in love to think about the future.
For some time, Carmen disappeared from the city, and attempts to find her beloved did not lead to anything. A new meeting of Jose with a gypsy took place next to a breach in the wall through which the smugglers passed.
For help in transporting illegal goods, Carmen promised the man in love another passionate night, and José, tormented by remorse, gave up. The gypsy, whose temper was notable for inconstancy, tormented the soldier for a long time. The girl then swore in love, then drove her lover away.
A tragic turn of history was the collision of Jose with an opponent. Carmen, who did not know about the arrival of her lover, brought a new boyfriend to a love date. The scene of jealousy ended in murder. Bandaging the wounds, the cunning seductress invited José to join her team. The girl described to the former soldier all the charm of a smuggling life, and he once again believed the beauty.
Now José opened up the other side of Carmen. The girl worked as a scout in a gang and did a better job than men. The beauty became more affectionate with her lover, but carefully concealed her own attitude towards the man with other smugglers. However, there was an explanation for this behavior.
Carmen has long connected life with another. And while Jose was earning money, the woman seduced the prison doctor in order to rescue her husband, who was sitting under lock and key. But the cunning gypsy did not plan to again bind herself with obligations to the gypsy who was disgusted with her.
Illustration for the novel "Carmen"
The woman released her husband only to pull off a couple of thefts and get rid of the objectionable man. For these purposes, Carmen moved to Gibraltar, citing gypsy affairs. A true master of reincarnation, the gypsy woman posed as an aristocrat and turned the head of an English officer who was assigned the role of bait.
The only one whom the beauty dedicated to her own plan is Jose. Indeed, without the help of a faithful spineless assistant, Carmencita would not have coped. The plan went even better than the woman planned. Jose did not wait for an opportunity and killed the gypsy's husband himself.
Now Carmen was free from any obligations. But the movement of the beauty was limited by the former soldier, who decided that he now has all the rights to the beauty. This attitude irritates the extravagant Carmen.
In Granada, a gypsy met a picador named Lucas. Constant quarrels between two irreconcilable lovers only heated up the situation. Carmen, accustomed to doing everything contrary to others, became more and more fond of Lucas. Driven to despair, Jose made a last attempt to improve relations with his beloved, but the stubborn gypsy stood her ground: she no longer loves the former soldier and is not going to live with him.
Realizing that such words only bring her death closer, Carmen does not back down. Cruelty breeds cruelty. Jose, who was tired of fighting for the attention of his beloved, stabbed the beauty with the knife of a former rival.
Screen adaptations
One of the first to transfer the Spanish passion story to television screens was the Italian director Gerolamo Lo Savio. In 1909, the premiere of the black-and-white film Carmen took place, in which the main role was played by actress Vittoria Lepanto.
A year later, the Americans presented their own adaptation of the novel. The film "Cigarette from Seville" was a revised short story by Mérimée. The role of the cynical and cruel Carmen went to Madame Pilar-Morin.
In 1959, the musical film "Carmen of Ronda" was released. The film was created in two versions: French and Spanish. The first version differs from the original in several added scenes. main role played by an actress and singer. The artist independently sang the songs that the gypsy sings in the frame.
In 1989, at the Venice Film Festival, the French director presented his own vision of the image of Carmen. The film "Name: Carmen" is a combination of Merimee's short story and the musical "Carmen Jones". The role of the gypsy was played by Maruska Detmers.
Another crime drama "Carmen" was released in 2003. The plot of the film develops in modern Russia. Ribbon - free interpretation classical work. The image of a criminal nicknamed Carmen was embodied by an actress.
Quotes
“You see that I am a gypsy: do you want me to tell you fortune?”
"A dog on the go will always find food."
“I pay my debts! I pay my debts! Such is the law of the Kales!”
“You know, son, I think I love you a little. But it won't be for long."
Impressed by yesterday's performance "Carmen" by the Vologda Puppet Theatre. Award-nominated performance" golden mask". Of course, I did not see the performances of the "rivals" for the award, but I already gave my vote for the performance of the Vologda residents. The performance of St. Petersburg director Boris Konstantinov (by the way, already a laureate of the Golden Mask) turned out to be brightly theatrical, stylishly musical, very emotional and imaginative. And even those who happen to be unfamiliar with the names Carmen, Mérimée or Bizet will still understand the passionate love story played by puppets and wonderful theater actors. it is not clear where the actor ends and the puppet begins and vice versa." As the director said in an interview: "At some point, already at the rehearsal, I noticed that it was not the actors who were leading the puppet, but she was leading them. She decides where to go, where to look, whom to love ... "
Scenes from the play "Carmen" by the Vologda puppet theater "Teremok".
If we add to this that there is practically no text in the performance - only the exclamations of characters, plastic and music. If we note that the musical score, which is based on Spanish songs and melodies, is very rarely and very precisely "flavored" with the themes of Bizet's brilliant music. If you say that you, as a child, are surprised and delighted by the scenery rearrangements from simple sticks and cart wheels, images and symbols that arise during the performance, then all this still cannot describe the sensations from what you see. At the same time, the performance turned out to be both festival and international - it will be understood in any corner of the planet.
I decided to go over the museum galleries to see how the image of Carmen is displayed in painting. I realized that the topic can be explored endlessly, so I collected two opening days - classics and modern authors dedicated to the gypsy Carmen. By the way, female name Spanish origin Carmen (Carmen) is formed from the epithet of the Virgin "Madonna of Mount Carmel", where Her appearance took place. Now let's look at the pictures!
Artist unknown Poster for Carmen's premiere. 1875
Édouard Manet (French, 1832-1883) Émilie Ambre as Carmen. Philadelphia Museum of Art
Valentine Cameron Prinsep (British, 1838-1904) Carmen. 1885
Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel (1856-1910) Portrait of T.S. Lubatovich as Carmen. 1895 Tretyakov Gallery
Alexander Yakovlevich Golovin (1863-1930) Portrait of Maria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova-Benois as Carmen. 1908 Theater Museum. A.A. Bakhrushina
Alexander Yakovlevich Golovin (1863-1930) Woman suit for the actress Pavlova to the opera "Carmen" by G. Bizet.
Alexander Yakovlevich Golovin (1863-1930) Carmen. Costume design for the opera by G. Bizet. 1908 Theater Museum. A.A. Bakhrushina
Marc Zakharovich Chagall (1887-1985) Carmen. 1966
Tatyana Georgievna Bruni (1902-2001) Sketch of the theatrical costume for Carmen.
Pavel Alexandrovich Skotar (b. 1920) Irina Arkhipova as Carmen in G. Bizet's opera Carmen.
Alexander Nikolaevich Benois (1870-1960) Costume design for Carmen for the opera of the same name by G. Bizet. 1931
Ernesto Fontana (Italian, 1837-1918) Carmen. 1886
And finally, a few watercolors, which are attributed on auction sites as the work of Prosper Mérimée himself, the author of the short story about Carmen. However, this is not surprising, since the writer's father, Jean-François-Leonor Mérimée (September 16, 1757 - September 26, 1836) was an artist and art historian. To be honest, it seems to me that only the first and last illustrations belong to Merimee, the rest are frankly naked, in style and manner they do not resemble the middle of the 19th century. Although, who knows, who knows ... As the saying goes, "for what I bought - for that I sold."
Prosper Mérimée (French, 1803-1870) Carmen.
Prosper Mérimée (French, 1803-1870) Carmen suivi de la course de taureaux (Carmen after the bullfight).
Prosper Mérimée (French, 1803-1870) Carmen et Don José. 1845 Bibliothèque nationale de France.