The history of the appearance of the image of the Snow Maiden. Images of the Snow Maiden's fairy tale in fine arts, literature, folklore The image of the Snow Maiden and her reflection in art
WINTER IN PAINTING (CHOOSE THE SNOW MAID!)
The classics are always right ?! Since childhood, we (at least I personally) have associated the granddaughter of Santa Claus with the heroine of Viktor Vasnetsov's painting, which everyone remembers perfectly. A pretty, ruddy, young girl who always accompanies Grandfather and is present at all holidays.
Vasnetsov Viktor Mikhailovich (1848-1926) Snow Maiden. 1899 g. Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
But no less eminent and talented classics of painting Vrubel and Roerich argue with Vasnetsov, presenting the Snow Maiden a little different. From what? Maybe because they gravitated more towards modernity and all sorts of "isms"? Or because these drawings are sketches of costumes, so you don't need to pay attention to your face? The closest one, it seems to me, is Snegurochka Boris Zvorykin, who created illustrations for the fairy tale "Snegurochka" in the late 1930s in exile in Paris. Why am I all this? Besides, all sorts of Snow Maidens are needed, and not only young, blue-eyed blondes are important! The main thing is that kindness shines in your eyes, a smile shines on your lips, so that your grandfather is a Timurovka assistant! Here! In general, compare and write which Snow Maiden is closer to you!
Vrubel Mikhail Alexandrovich (1856-1910) Snow Maiden. Costume design for the opera by N. Rimsky-Korsakov. 1890 Ryazan Art Museum
Roerich Nicholas Konstantinovich (1874-1947) Snow Maiden. Costume design for the opera by Rimsky-Korsakov. 1921 g.
Zvorykin Boris Vasilievich (1872-1942) Illustration for the fairy tale "Snow Maiden". 1930s
Well, and so as not to offend contemporary artists, so that you have options to choose from, so that, finally, you get a real gallery of Snow Maidens, I will add a few more paintings by painters of the late XX-early XXI century.)))
Grigorieva-Klimova Olga Vyacheslavovna (born 1984) Snow Maiden 2010
Klimenko Andrey (born 1956) Winter-winter.
Makovetsky Dmitry Viktorovich (born 1985) Snow Maiden. 2013 g.
Shabalin Alexey Anatolyevich (born 1967) Snow Maiden.
Kondyurina Natalya Valerievna Snow Maiden.
Dubovikova Galina Beauty. Fedoskino lacquer miniature
Barakhtyan Fedor Fedorovich (Lithuania, born 1938) Snow Maiden. 2005 year
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State budgetary educational institution school No. 432 of the Kolpinsky district of St. Petersburg "Images of the fairy tale" Snow Maiden "in fine arts»Kharitonova Svetlana Valerievna St. Petersburg
The image of the Snow Maiden is unique for Russian culture. In the New Year and Christmas mythology of the rest of the world, there are no female characters. The Snow Maiden is not a ritual, but a purely folklore character. It is found in legends in the form of a girl - a granddaughter, made of snow by a childless old man with an old woman and revived.
Images of the fairy tale "The Snow Maiden" in Russian fine arts and scenography The image of the Snow Maiden attracted many artists, and each one found his own unique features in this image. The philanthropist Savva Mamontov staged a performance on the home stage in Abramtsevo based on A. Ostrovsky's play The Snow Maiden, and then, in 1885, an opera in his Private Russian Opera. V. Vasnetsov. Scenery sketches for the opera "Snow Maiden" by Rimsky-Korsakov
Viktor Vasnetsov Snow Maiden (1885) Lel
Viktor Vasnetsov Snow Maiden (1899) Oil on canvas
Mikhail Vrubel Snow Maiden (1890s). Canvas, oil
Mikhail Vrubel created a whole series of sculptures in the majolica technique Vesna Lel Tsar Berendey
Nicholas Roerich Snow Maiden (1912)
Nicholas Roerich Snow Maiden and Lel (1921)
Nicholas Roerich Sketch for the opera The Snow Maiden. Tract
Konstantin Korovin Snow Maiden
Konstantin Korovin Sketches of costumes for the opera "Snow Maiden"
Boris Kustodiev Berendeevka. Sketch for the play based on Ostrovsky's play The Snow Maiden (1918)
Ivan Bilibin Slobodka Berendeevka. Set design for the 1st act of the opera by H.A. Rimsky-Korsakov "Snow Maiden"
Ivan Bilibin At the tsar of Bendey. Set design for the 2nd act of the opera by H.A. Rimsky-Korsakov "Snow Maiden"
Boris Zvorykin Snow Maiden
Boris Zvorykin Snegurochka enters the house
Heroes of the fairy tale "Snow Maiden" in Russian lacquer miniatures In the collection of decorative and applied art kept in the Russian Museum, lacquer miniature occupies a significant place. The oldest center of Russian miniature lacquer painting is the village of Fedoskino, located thirty-five kilometers from Moscow.
Fedoskino
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The Snow Maiden is a New Year character in Russian legends, the granddaughter of Santa Claus. However, among the Slavs, Snegurochka was considered the daughter of Frost and Spring.
The image of the Snow Maiden is unique for Russian culture. In the New Year and Christmas mythology of the rest of the world, there are no female characters. Abroad, the Russian Snow Maiden is called Snow Maiden.
Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov (1848-1926). Snow Maiden. 1885.
The image of the Snow Maiden is not recorded in the Russian folk rite. However, in Russian folklore, she appears as a character folk tale about a girl made of snow who came to life.
Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov (1848-1926). Snow Maiden and Lel. 1885.
The tales of the Snow Maiden were studied by A. N. Afanasyev in the second volume of his work "Poetic views of the Slavs on nature" (1867).
V. M. Vasnetsov "Snow Maiden" (1899)
In 1873, A. N. Ostrovsky, under the influence of Afanasyev's ideas, wrote the play The Snow Maiden. In it, the Snow Maiden appears as the daughter of Santa Claus and Spring Red, who dies during the summer ritual of worshiping the sun god Yarila. Has the appearance of a lovely pale blonde girl. She is dressed in blue and white clothes with fur trim (fur coat, fur hat, mittens). Initially, the play was not a success with the public.
Mikhail Vrubel. Snow Maiden. 1890s.
In 1882, N.A.Rimsky-Korsakov staged an opera of the same name based on the play, which was a huge success.
N.K. Roerich. Sketch of the Snow Maiden costume. Around 1921
The image of the Snow Maiden was further developed in the works of teachers late XIX- the beginning of the XX century, who prepared scenarios for children Christmas trees... Even before the revolution, the figures of the Snow Maiden were hung on the Christmas tree, the girls dressed up in the costumes of the Snow Maiden, and fragments from fairy tales, Ostrovsky's play or the opera were staged.
Nicholas Roerich. Snow Maiden and Lel, 1921.
Mine modern look the image of the Snow Maiden received in 1935 in the Soviet Union, after the official permission to celebrate the New Year. In the books on organizing Christmas trees of this period, the Snow Maiden appears on a par with Santa Claus, as his granddaughter, assistant and mediator in communication between him and the children.
Kim Svetlana.
At the beginning of 1937, Santa Claus and Snegurochka first appeared together for a Christmas tree holiday in the Moscow House of Unions. It is curious that in the early Soviet images, the Snow Maiden is often depicted as a little girl, in the form of a girl they began to represent her later.
Nesterov Vladimir.
In the post-war period, Snegurochka was almost an obligatory companion of Santa Claus in all festive celebrations, congratulations, etc. On New Year's Eve, students of theatrical universities and actresses often worked as Snow Maidens. In amateur performances, older girls, girls and women, more often fair-haired, were chosen for the role of the Snow Maidens.
Shabalin Alexey.
Zubkova Tamara Ivanovna.
Snow Maiden. Fedoskino, 1998.
Ruth Sanderson.
Boris Zvorykin. Snegurochka.
Boris Zvorykin. Snegurochka At The Court of Tsar Berendei.
Boris Zvorykin. Snegurochka & Lel The Shepherd Boy.
And some more postcards or illustrations ...
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The residence of our Father Frost, as everyone knows, is located in the Vologda region, in Veliky Ustyug. The Snow Maiden does not live with him. Where is it? Two places apply for the title of "patrimonial nest" of the daughter of Frost and Spring. At the Shchelykovo estate in the Kostroma region, Ostrovsky invented his own play based on an old fairy tale - this, it seems, is the birthplace of the Snow Maiden. But on the other hand, in the village of Abramtsevo near Moscow, Viktor Vasnetsov gave birth to the image of an ice beauty. Here, the artist created the scenery for the first theatrical production based on Ostrovsky's play and, again in Abramtsevo, on the stage of Savva Mamontov's home theater, Rimsky-Korsakov's opera was performed for the first time.
The Snow Maiden is unique in her own way, unusually interesting character... She is a kind hero of New Year's mythology.
As a character, she is reflected in the visual arts, literature, cinema, music. And the images of the fairy tale "Snow Maiden" in painting became the personification of the external image of the girl.
Snow Maiden: the origin of the heroine
Only Russian New Year mythology includes goodie female. Despite its uniqueness, its origins are shrouded in mystery. There are three most popular theories, which not only are not interconnected in any way, but also contradict each other.
The images of the fairy tale "The Snow Maiden" in the visual arts clearly describe all three theories.
Various family ties are attributed to the young companion of Santa Claus. She and the daughter of Big Spruce, who appeared out of nowhere: she got out from under a spreading spruce branch. She is the daughter of Frost and Spring. Also, her appearance is associated with childless old people, who at the end of their years thought about children. Ivan and Marya made a little girl out of the snow, so the Snow Maiden was born.
Snow-blinded girl
IN AND. Dal wrote that in Russia snow maidens, snowmen and bullfinches were called ptah (birds) that hibernated in the forests. In addition, he noted that these are "dummies made of snow." According to V.I. Dalia, these boobies had the form of a man.
It is noteworthy that Dahl's words characterize in general terms all the images of the fairy tale "The Snow Maiden" in the visual arts.
The image of a girl cobbled together from snow by the old people appeared after the baptism of Rus.
"The Snow Maiden" is Ostrovsky's fairy tale, it is the most popular reflection of the character we are considering. However, the work is not isolated and unique.
The Russian folk tale "Snegurushka" shows us a heroine who was born from direct contact with a stove: a grandmother and a grandfather ...
IN AND. Dahl in his fairy tale "Girl Snow Maiden" presents the birth of the heroine as follows:
Mythologized image of frozen winter waters
Zharnikova S.V., an ethnologist, believes that the image of the Snow Maiden was first reflected in the god Varuna. Svetlana Vasilievna explains this simply: Snegurochka is a faithful companion of Santa Claus, and he originates in the times of Varun. Therefore, Zharnikova suggests that the Snow Maiden is the embodiment of frozen (winter) waters. Her traditional attire also corresponds to her origin: white clothes combined with silver ornaments.
Snow Maiden - the prototype of Kostroma
Some researchers associate our heroine with the Slavic funeral rite of Kostroma.
What do the images of Kostroma and Snegurochka have in common? Seasonality and appearance (in one of the interpretations).
Kostroma is depicted as a young woman in snow-white robes, holding an oak branch in her hands. Most often shown surrounded by many people (round dance).
It is this face of Kostroma that makes her in common with the Snow Maiden. However, the straw effigy of a woman (the second image of Kostroma) also has a lot in common with the snow maiden. It is believed that the merrymaking ends with the burning of a scarecrow: this means that winter is over - spring is coming. The Snow Maiden ends her annual cycle in the same way: she melts by jumping over the fire.
What else do Snegurochka and Kostroma have in common? Kostroma is not only female folk image, but also the city of the Central Federal District of Russia, which is the birthplace of the granddaughter of Santa Claus.
A fairy tale-play by A.N. Ostrovsky "Snow Maiden"
In the estate "Shchelykovo", located in the Kostroma region, there is small homeland playwright who wrote the work "Snow Maiden".
The tale of Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich "The Snow Maiden" reveals the image of a girl from a slightly different side than the works of Russian folklore.
Ostrovsky tests his heroine:
- others (residents of Sloboda) do not understand her;
- Bobyl and Bobylikha, unlike their grandfather and grandmother from a folk tale, do not like their daughter, but use her in pursuit of only one goal: profit.
Ostrovsky subjects the girl to tests: she goes through mental anguish.
Images of the fairy tale "Snow Maiden" in the visual arts
"Spring Tale" by A. N. Ostrovsky came to life and acquired its melody thanks to the composer, whose name is N. Rimsky-Korsakov.
After the first reading of the play, the composer was not inspired by its drama, but in the winter of 1879 he began to think about creating the opera The Snow Maiden.
The images of the fairy tale "Snow Maiden" in the visual arts begin their journey here.
The first artist to capture the image of a fabulous Russian beauty can be called V.M. Vasnetsov. It was he who performed the scenery for the opera by N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov's The Snow Maiden, staged at the Bolshoi Theater.
Inspired by the opera, Viktor Mikhailovich not only created the scenery for the production, but also became the author of a separate work: the painting The Snow Maiden (1899).
Vasnetsov is not the only artist who has brought to life the images of the fairy tale "The Snow Maiden". The sketches of the costumes and the scenery belong to the pen of N.K. Roerich. He worked on the design of the play "Snow Maiden" four times.
The first design versions (1908 and 1912) by N.K. Roerich transported the viewer to the world of ancient pre-Christian Russia, when paganism reigned in society and recklessly believed in fairy tales. And the production of 1921 was distinguished by a more modern (for those years) vision of the plot. when creating his works he drew inspiration from V.M. Vasnetsov. He used motives of Russian embroidery and painting on wood to decorate the royal chambers.
Viktor Mikhailovich created the image of the Snow Maiden, consisting of a sundress and a hoop on his head. It is noteworthy that the artist himself was engaged in the painting of the girl's clothes. Many parts of the scenery are also his brush. Later, art critics will say that V.M. Vasnetsov became a full-fledged co-author of the play.
Description of the presentation for individual slides:
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"The Image of the Snow Maiden in Russian Art and Literature" The project was prepared by: a student of the 8th grade Ekaterina Krasnopyorova Checked by: A.S. Shekhireva.
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Project goal: to show the originality and uniqueness of the image of the Snow Maiden in the culture of the Russian people. *
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* For many years, one of the beloved and adored characters of the New Year is a beautiful and cute girl - Snow Maiden. Even the ancient Slavs revered the image of the Snow Maiden, the daughter of the Snow Queen and Frost. However, such a character did not appear in folk rituals. The Snow Maiden came to us from Russian folklore like a girl made of snow and comes to life in a folk tale.
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* For the first time, this image was investigated by A. N. Afanasyev. And a little later, inspired by such an idea, the outstanding playwright A. N. Ostrovsky embodied the image of the Snow Maiden in the play of the same name. According to the author's idea, Snegurochka is a fair-haired girl whose parents were Santa Claus and Vesna - Red. She looked very pale and her clothes were the same, a blue and white fur coat with a fur hat and mittens. The play was written in the form of a drama, a beautiful and sweet girl dies in the summer during an ancient Slavic ritual in honor of the sun god Yarila.
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* Until now, the Snow Maiden is very popular and is an obligatory companion of Santa Claus.
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* THE SNOW Maiden (Snow Maiden) The Russian people have their own pagan (i.e., folk) holy New Year's Trinity - Santa Claus (God the Father), S negovik (God the Son) and Snegurochka (Goddess Granddaughter). And every real Russian, almost from birth and all his life, selflessly believes in his Holy Russian Trinity. And how can you not believe in these of our great Russian gods, which each New Year delight children and adults and generously present everyone with New Year's gifts!
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* The image of the Snow Maiden is not recorded in the Russian folk rite. However, in Russian folklore, she appears as a character in a folk tale about a girl made of snow who came to life. The tales of the Snow Maiden were studied by A. N. Afanasyev in the second volume of his work "Poetic views of the Slavs on nature" (1867). In 1873, A. N. Ostrovsky, under the influence of Afanasyev's ideas, wrote the play The Snow Maiden. In it, the Snow Maiden appears as the daughter of Santa Claus and Spring Red, who dies during the summer ritual of worshiping the sun god Yarila. Has the appearance of a lovely pale blonde girl. She is dressed in blue and white clothes with fur trim (fur coat, fur hat, mittens). Initially, the play was not a success with the public. In 1882, N.A.Rimsky-Korsakov staged an opera of the same name based on the play, which was a huge success. The image of the Snow Maiden was further developed in the works of teachers of the late 19th - early 20th centuries, who prepared scenarios for children's New Year trees. Even before the revolution, the figures of the Snow Maiden were hung on the Christmas tree, the girls dressed up in the costumes of the Snow Maiden, and fragments from fairy tales, Ostrovsky's play or the opera were staged. At this time, the Snegurochka did not play the leading role. The image of the Snow Maiden got its modern look in 1935 in the Soviet Union, after the official permission to celebrate the New Year. In the books on organizing Christmas trees of this period, the Snow Maiden appears on a par with Santa Claus, as his granddaughter, assistant and mediator in communication between him and the children. At the beginning of 1937, Santa Claus and Snegurochka first appeared together for the holiday of the Christmas tree at the Moscow House of Unions (i.e., the most important Christmas tree of the Soviet Union).
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* Granddaughter of Santa Claus Is incomparably good! On her cheeks - a blush of roses, A gentle voice, a light step. She's all like a breath of the Young breeze, Awakens inspiration, Romantic and light. Boots are decorated with White embroidery of snow, And her earrings are ringing Better than any magnificent words. On a new morning, she goes to us on her own. Hello, dear Snow Maiden! Hello Zimushka-winter!
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* The image of the Snow Maiden got its modern look in 1935 in the Soviet Union, after the official permission to celebrate the New Year. In the books on organizing Christmas trees of this period, the Snow Maiden appears on a par with Santa Claus as his granddaughter, assistant and mediator in communication between him and the children.
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* In the post-war period, the Snow Maiden is almost an obligatory companion of Santa Claus in all festive celebrations, congratulations, etc.
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* Following our wonderful Russian New Year tradition, now a wonderful granddaughter also began to accompany the European New Year's Grandfather.
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History of creation History of creation The circumstances of the creation of "Snegurochka" are well known. N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov himself told about them in the "Chronicle of my musical life". A. N. Ostrovsky's fairy tale "The Snow Maiden" was first read by Rimsky-Korsakov around 1874, when it had just appeared in print. The composer later recalled that then he did not like it much, and the kingdom of the Berendeys seemed strange. In the winter of 1879/80, he read it again, and this time "as if he saw its amazing beauty." The composer had a thick book of music paper and he began to write down musical thoughts that came into his head in it in the form of sketches. Inspired by the new plot, Rimsky-Korsakov went to Moscow to meet with Ostrovsky and ask him for permission to use his work as a libretto with the right to make changes to the drama necessary for the work on the opera. The playwright received the composer very kindly, gave him the right to properly dispose of the text and even presented him with a copy of his fairy tale. *
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The summer of 1880 Rimsky-Korsakov spent in the village of Stelevo. This was his first summer in a real Russian village. And everything - the landscape, the birdsong, the setting - extraordinarily inspired him to this work. He worked all day, "musical thoughts and their processing haunted me relentlessly" - the composer later wrote. He recorded the progress of work literally by day: the beginning on June 1 (the introduction to the prologue was written), the end - on August 12 (the final chorus). No work was given to him with such ease and speed as The Snow Maiden. “Nobody knew about the composition of The Snow Maiden,” the composer wrote, “because I kept this matter a secret, and by announcing the completion of the sketch to my loved ones upon my arrival in Petersburg, I thereby surprised them a lot.” The composer spent another six months on the instrumentation of the opera, and, finally, on February 10, the opera was performed at the Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg. Since then, it has remained one of the composer's most beloved creations by the public. *
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In "Snow Maiden" N. Rimsky-Korsakov very subtly conveyed folk character music. Of the truly folk melodies that sound in "The Snow Maiden", one can name "The Eagle Voivode, the Clerk's Quail" (in the dance of birds), in the chorus "Cheerfully meet you, greet you" (in the farewell to Shrovetide), the melody of the song "And we are waiting for Shrovetide" is used. the song "Ay, in the field there is lipenka" sounds in the choruses of acts I and III, Bobyl's song "The beaver was swimming" was borrowed from folk song"Oh, fell, fell young powder." *
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