Brief biography of Kipling. Tales of Kipling by Rudyard Joseph Kipling's full name
The famous English writer Rudyard Kipling is more familiar to us as children's author, which told the story of Mowgli, a boy raised by wolves. Many of us read his “The Jungle Book” as children. However, Kipling was a controversial figure, and he did not limit himself to stories for children. It is known that the writer had a difficult fate: difficult experiences in childhood, then the early death of his daughter and son. However, Kipling remains a controversial figure due to his support for British imperialism. His poem "The White Man's Burden" became a symbol of Eurocentric racism. At the same time, Kipling became the youngest winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature. So let's find out some details from his life.
The boy was named after Lake Rudyard in England
The parents of the future writer met near this lake. Rudyard was born on December 30, 1865 in Bombay, British India, the first child of John Lockwood Kipling and his wife Alice. His father was a school teacher, taught art, and was a museum curator in India. Rudyard had a younger sister named Trix. early years, which took place in exotic India, were very happy for the future writer.
He described the terrible years of his childhood in his story "By-ah, by-ah, Black Sheep"
After spending his early years in Bombay, 5-year-old Rudyard was sent to England with his sister Trix, where they lived with a foster family in Southsea for the next 6 years. The private boarding house Lorne Lodge was run by a married couple. They treated the children poorly, often punishing them unfairly. This affected the boy so much that Rudyard suffered from insomnia for the rest of his life. Kipling later described the horrors of his time in foster care in his 1888 semi-autobiographical short story "Bah, Bang, Black Sheep."
While working as a journalist in India, Kipling began writing poetry and fairy tales. In 1886, he published his first cycle, “Departmental Ditties,” and in 1888, his first collection of short stories, “Simple Stories from the Mountains,” was published. India clearly inspired the writer; most of his works were written in this exotic place. In 1889, Kipling left India and went to live in London.
Kipling married Caroline Balestier, the sister of an American publisher
In London, Rudyard Kipling met Walcott Balestier, an American writer and publisher. They became friends and began working together. Kipling later married his sister. The couple moved to the United States and settled in Vermont. The couple had three children: two daughters and a son.
Kipling was the highest paid writer in the world
By 1890, Kipling was recognized as one of the most exciting writers of his time, and his reputation continued to grow with the publication of works such as The Jungle Book and Kim. By 1897, Rudyard Kipling was not only one of the most famous authors, but also the highest paid writer in the world.
Two of his three children died at an early age
Daughter Josephine died of pneumonia while still a child. Kipling was devastated by the tragedy. But soon he lost his son too. During World War I, Kipling's son John wanted to join the British military, but was turned away due to poor eyesight. Rudyard used his connections to get the young man accepted into the Irish Guards as a second lieutenant. John Kipling was killed in battle at the age of 18, and Rudyard mourned the loss of his second child.
George Orwell called Kipling "the prophet of British imperialism"
His poem "The White Man's Burden" justifies imperialism by presenting it as a noble enterprise. This work by Kipling has become a symbol of Eurocentric racism. Kipling also opposed Irish nationalism and wrote that before the arrival of the English in 1169, the Irish were a band of bandits living in savagery and killing each other. The famous English writer George Orwell did not share Kipling’s views, calling the writer “the prophet of British imperialism.”
Three Soldiers (1888, collection)
In Black and White (1888)
Under the Deodars (1888)
Life's Handicap (1891)
The Lights Gone Out (1891, novel)
Songs of the Barracks (1892, poetry)
A Mass of Fiction (1893, collection)
The Jungle Book (1894)
"Mowgli's Brothers" (short story)
"Tiger! Tiger!" (story)
"White Cat" (story)
"Lukannon" (poem)
"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" (story)
"Little Toomai" (short story)
The Second Jungle Book (1895)
"Kabir's Song" (poem)
"Gravediggers" (short story)
"A Ripple Song" (poem)
"Royal Ankas" (short story)
"Quikvern" (short story)
""Angutivaun Taina"" (poem)
"Red Dogs" (story)
"Chil's Song" (poem)
"Spring" (story)
"The Outsong" (poem)
Works of the day (1898, collection)
A Fleet in Being (1898)
Ambushed (short story)
Slaves of the Lamp - I (story)
Impressionists (story)
Under a False Flag (short story)
Last trimester (story)
Slaves of the Lamp - II (story)
Kim (1901, novel)
“How the leopard became spotted”
"Baby elephant"
"Old Kangaroo's Request"
"How did armadillos appear"
Weiland's Sword
The Brushwood Boy (1907)
Cold Iron
Gloriana
If... (If, poem)
Conversion of Saint Wilfrid
Simon Simple
Kipling in Soviet animation
1936 - Baby Elephant - black and white
1965 - Rikki-tikki-tavi
1967 - Baby Elephant
1967-1971 - Mowgli
1981 - Hedgehog plus turtle
18.01.1936
Rudyard Kipling
Joseph Rudyard Kipling
Nobel laureate
Joseph Rudyard Kipling was born on December 30, 1865 in Bombay, India. His father, a major specialist in the history of Indian art, worked as a museum director. The mother came from a prominent London family. Both grandfathers were Methodist ministers. When the boy was six years old he was sent to England.
In 1882, sixteen-year-old Rudyard returned to India and found work as an assistant editor at a Lahore newspaper. The precocious young man surprised local society with his insightful judgments about the secret springs of colonial rule and his knowledge of India, gleaned mainly from conversations with his encyclopedically educated father.
Annual holidays in the Himalayan city of Simla became the source of many of the writer's works. Since 1889, Kipling traveled around the world, writing travel notes. In October he arrived in London and almost immediately became a celebrity. Starting with the “Ballad of East and West”, he moved towards a new style of English versification, creating “Songs of the Barracks”.
Soon, due to overwork, the writer’s health began to deteriorate, and he spent most of 1891 traveling around America and the British dominions. Returning in January 1892, he married the sister of the American publisher Balestier.
During the four years he lived in America, Kipling wrote his best works. These are stories included in the collections “A Mass of Fiction” and “Works of the Day”, as well as poems about ships, about the sea and pioneer sailors, collected in the book “Seven Seas”, and two “Jungle Books”. In 1896 he wrote the book “Brave Sailors”.
At the height of his fame and fortune, Kipling avoided publicity and refused the title of poet laureate and honors. In 1902 he settled in a remote village in Sussex. During this period, he published the novel “Kim,” his farewell to India, and then the children’s book “Fairy Tales for Just So.” The writer wrote until the early 1930s, but his works remained the most famous late XIX century.
The rich and metaphorical language of Kipling's works made a great contribution to the treasury of the English language. His best works are considered to be “The Jungle Book” and “Kim”. Kipling became the first English Nobel laureate on literature.
Rudyard Kipling died in London on January 18, 1936. Kipling's body was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium and his ashes were buried in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.
Works of Rudyard Kipling
Department songs (1886, collection of poems)
Simple Stories from the Mountains (1888, collection)
Three Soldiers (1888, collection)
The Story of the Gadsbys (1888, novel)
In Black and White (1888)
Under the Deodars (1888)
The Phantom Rickshaw and other Eerie Tales (1888)
This collection contained the short story The Man Who Would Be King
Wee-Willie-Winky (1888, collection)
The collection includes Me-e's story, black sheep
Life's Handicap (1891)
The Lights Gone Out (1891, novel)
American Notes (1891, non-fiction)
Songs of the Barracks (1892, poetry)
Naulaka: A Story of West and East (1892, novel, co-authored with W. Balestier)
A Mass of Fiction (1893, collection)
The Jungle Book (1894)
"Mowgli's Brothers" (short story)
"Hunting-Song of the Seeonee Pack" (poem)
"The Hunt of the Python Kaa" (M) (short story)
“The Road Song of the Banderlogs” (poem)
"Tiger! Tiger!" (story)
"Mowgli's Song That He Sang at the Council Rock When He Danced on Shere Khan's Hide"
"White Cat" (story)
"Lukannon" (poem)
"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" (story)
"Darzee's Chaunt (Song in Honor of Rikki-Tikki-Tavi)" (poem)
"Little Toomai" (short story)
"Shiv and the Grasshopper (The Song That Toomai's Mother Sang to the Baby)" (poem)
"Her Majesty's Men" (short story)
"Parade-Song of the Camp Animals" (poem)
The Second Jungle Book (1895)
"How Fear Came to the Jungle" (story)
"Law of the Jungle" (poem)
"The Miracle of Purun Bhagat" (story)
"Kabir's Song" (poem)
"Jungle Invasion" (short story)
"Mowgli's Song Against People" (poem)
"Gravediggers" (short story)
"A Ripple Song" (poem)
"Royal Ankas" (short story)
"The Song of the Little Hunter" (poem)
"Quikvern" (short story)
""Angutivaun Taina"" (poem)
"Red Dogs" (story)
"Chil's Song" (poem)
"Spring" (story)
"The Outsong" (poem)
Brave Captains (1896, novel for young people)
The Seven Seas (1896, collection of poems)
White Theses (1896, collection of poems)
Works of the day (1898, collection)
A Fleet in Being (1898)
Stalky and Co. (1899, novel, from several short stories)
Ambushed (short story)
Slaves of the Lamp - I (story)
An Unappetizing Interlude (story)
Impressionists (story)
Moral Reformers (short story)
Preparatory lesson (story)
Under a False Flag (short story)
Last trimester (story)
Slaves of the Lamp - II (story)
From sea to sea (travel notes) (1899, reporter's prose)
Five Nations (1903, collection of poems)
Kim (1901, novel)
Just So Stories (1902)
“Why does a whale only eat small fish?”
“How a hump appeared on the camel’s back”
“How folds appeared on the skin of a rhinoceros”
“How the leopard became spotted”
"Baby elephant"
"Old Kangaroo's Request"
"How did armadillos appear"
"How the first letter was written"
“How the first alphabet was compiled”
"The Sea Crab Who Played with the Sea"
"The cat who walked wherever he wanted"
"The Moth Who Stomped His Foot"
Paths and Discoveries (1904, collection)
Puck of Pook’s Hill, 1906, fairy tales, poems and stories
Weiland's Sword
Puck's Song (poem)
Hymn to the Trees (Tree Song, poem)
Young Men at the Manor
Sir Richard's Song (poem)
The Knights of the Joyous Venture
Harp Song of the Dane Women, poem
Thorkild's Song (poem)
Old Men at Pevensey
Runes on Weland's Sword (poem)
Centurion of the Thirtieth
What kingdoms, thrones, capitals... (Cities and Thrones and Powers, poem)
British Roman Song, poem
On the Great Wall
Rimini (Rimini, poem),
Song to Mithras (poem)
The Winged Hats
Pict Song (poem)
Hal the Artist (Hal o" the Draft)
Prophets at Home (poem)
Smuggler's Song (poem)
Flight from Dymchurch Flit
The Bee Boy's Song, poem
A Three-Part Song, poem
The Treasure and the Law
Song of the Fifth River (poem)
Children's Song (The Children's Song, poem)
The Brushwood Boy (1907)
Action and Reaction (1909, collection)
Awards and Fairies (1910, fairy tales, poems and stories)
Cold Iron
Amulet (a Charm, poem)
Cold Iron (poem)
Gloriana
Two Cousins (poem)
The Looking-Glass, poem
That, but not that! (The Wrong Thing)
A Truthful Song, poem
King Henry VII and the Shipwrights (poem)
Marklake Witches
The Way through the Woods, poem
Brookland Road (poem)
The Knife and the Naked Chalk
From East to West (The Run of the Downs, poem)
Song of the Men's Side, poem
Brother Square-Toes
Philadelphia (Philadelphia, poem)
If... (If, poem)
A Priest in Spite of Himself
Lullaby of St. Helena (St Helena Lullaby, poem)
Poor Honest Men, poem
Conversion of Saint Wilfrid
Eddie's Service, poem
Song of the Red War-Boat, poem
Doctor of Medicine
Astrologer's Song, poem
Our Fathers of Old, poem
Simon Simple
The Thousandth Man (poem)
Frankie's Trade (poem)
The Tree of Justice
"The Ballad of Minepit Shaw" (poem)
A Christmas Carol (a Carol, poem)White fur seal(cartoon) (The White Seal) - dir. Chuck Jones (USA, 1975)
Rikki-Tikki-Tavi (cartoon) (Rikki-Tikki-Tavi) - dir. Chuck Jones (USA, 1975)
"Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" - dir. Alexander Zguridi (USSR-India, 1975)
Mowgli's Brothers (cartoon) - directed by Chuck Jones (USA, 1976)
"Kim" - dir. John Howard Davies (UK, 1984)
The Jungle Book (anime series, 52 episodes) - dir. Fumio Kurokawa (Japan (TV Tokyo) 1989-1990)
"The Jungle Book" - dir. Stephen Sommers (USA, 1994)
The Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story - directed by Nick Mark (USA, 1998)
"The Jungle Book" - dir. Jon Favreau (USA, 2016)
Kipling in Soviet animation
1936 - Baby Elephant - black and white
1936 - Brave Sailor - black and white
1938 - Why does a rhinoceros have folds in its skin - black and white
1965 - Rikki-tikki-tavi
1967 - Baby Elephant
1967-1971 - Mowgli
1968 - The cat who walked by himself
1981 - Hedgehog plus turtle
1984 - How the first letter was written
1988 - The cat that walked by itself
The British writer and poet Rudyard Kipling gained popularity in his homeland thanks to his stories and poems. Aphorisms, quotes and statements of the author do not lose their relevance. The life and work of the writer also continue to arouse interest - Kipling had an interesting, but difficult fate.
Childhood and youth
Joseph Rudyard Kipling was born on December 30, 1865 in Bombay. The name is believed to have been given to the boy in honor of the lake of the same name, where his mother and father met. The early years in the exotic atmosphere of India were happy for the child. But when he was 5 years old, Rudyard and his sister, who was 3 years old at that time, were sent to study in England.
For the next 6 years, Kipling lived in a private boarding house. At this time, he had a hard time: the owners treated the child poorly and often punished him. The teacher turned out to be an unkind woman and a prude. Rudyard was constantly restrained, intimidated and beaten. This negative attitude had an extremely strong influence on Kipling and left consequences: the author suffered from insomnia until the end of his life.
The mother, who went to visit the children a couple of years later, was horrified by her son’s condition: the boy was almost blind from nervous shock. The woman took the children back to India, but Kipling was not at home for long.
In order for Rudyard to enter the prestigious military academy, at the age of 12 he was accepted into the Devon Westward Ho School. The position of director was held by a friend of Kipling's father, Cormell Price, who was the first to encourage the child's interest in literature.
IN educational institution An atmosphere of drill and violence reigned. The boy was annoyed by both ignorant teachers and students, among whom there were rude and primitive youths. Rudyard read a lot, at the age of 12 he wore glasses and was short. Staying at Westward Ho became a difficult test for the future writer, but nothing broke the young man as a person. Over the course of 5 years, he got used to it and even “got a taste” for crude pranks.
The teenager fully believed in the need for lessons in submission, which allowed him to maintain self-respect. Kipling recognized harsh education as appropriate, and the idea of law as a conditional system of prohibitions and permissions took possession of Kipling’s consciousness. His time at the school largely determined Kipling's views and principles. His personality was formed early, as were the ideals of the young man.
Due to poor eyesight, Rudyard did not continue military career. He left Westward Ho without completing his studies, and since the school did not issue diplomas for entry into Oxford or Cambridge, Rudyard's education ended there.
Impressed by his son’s stories, his father got him a job as a journalist in the editorial office of the Civil and Military Newspaper, which was published in Lahore. The young man's life was influenced by his acceptance into the Masonic lodge. Her spirit, ritualism, unquestioning obedience to laws and messianism played not the least role in Rudyard’s fate.
Literature
Kipling, sensing a calling to write, created the work “School Lyrics”, where he mainly imitates the leading poets of the time. After 3 years, in the collection “Echoes,” the writer changes his writing style, parodying famous poets and revealing the conventionality and artificiality of their manner.
Rudyard Kipling's poem "The Commandment". Read by Maxim KaluzhskikhAt the end of 1882, the young man returned to his homeland and worked as a journalist. IN free time Rudyard writes stories and poems that are sent to newspapers for publication. Kipling was engaged in journalism for 7 years: he traveled a lot around the country, where mass ignorance and prejudice are intertwined with high spirituality. The reporter's craft allowed him to develop natural observation and sociability.
Rudyard quickly mastered the skill short story, he amazed with his early maturity and fertility. When writing works, Kipling complies with a strict condition: keep within 1200 words. The best were included in the first collection “Simple Stories from the Mountains.” Most of the stories created in India were published in small paperback volumes.
A newspaper published in Allahabad invited a journalist to write a series of essays on different countries. Enthusiastic Kipling explored with interest the life of the peoples of Asia and America. The unique impressions gained from meeting dissimilar cultures were embodied in 6 books. The world of literature received the author with enthusiasm, and critics appreciated the original originality of his style.
After traveling around England, Kipling went to China, visited Burma, Japan and North America. Kipling was first talked about in India, and soon in the metropolis. Having received a lot of impressions from his travels, Rudyard returned to London, where he began work on new works.
Rudyard Kipling's poem "Grey Eyes - Dawn". Read by Maxim KaluzhskikhHere his stories were in great demand, Kipling continued to develop the Indian theme, and the distance between the author and home gave even more vividness to his impressions. In addition to creativity, the writer tried to participate in literary life capital Cities. Critics responded favorably to The Indian Railway Library, but The Lights Out did not receive favorable reviews.
The amazing success of the young writer is comparable only to that of everyone's favorite. Kipling's popularity is explained by the extent and nature of his innovation. He entered literary world just at the moment when this area was in need of renewal, the need for new heroes and interesting ideas.
Rudyard noticed ordinary people, showing them in unusual and extreme situations, where the whole essence of a person is highlighted, his hidden depths are revealed. At a time of general despondency and apathy, the writer glorified work and revealed the heroism of everyday creation.
Rudyard Kipling's poem "The White Man's Burden." Read by Irina NarmonteneAfterwards, Kipling became interested in writing children's stories. Critics approved of these works - the fairy tales brought the author unprecedented popularity. In 1907, Kipling, the world's first Englishman, received the Nobel Prize for Literature. Interestingly, Kipling is the youngest to receive the prize. The author came to the ceremony, but did not make a solemn speech. Soon after this event, the writer's creative activity decreased.
Personal life
In London, Rudyard Kipling met the young publisher Walcott Balesir, who died of typhus in 1892. Soon after his death, the writer married Walcott's sister, Caroline. While the couple was enjoying each other on their honeymoon, the bank where Kipling's savings lay went bankrupt. The young people only had enough money to travel to Vermont, where their wife’s relatives lived.
At first, the newlyweds rented a small house. But soon after the birth of their daughter Josephine, when the room became too crowded for the three of them, the family bought land, building and furnishing a house on it. Elsie's second daughter was born in this house. The family lived here for four years, until Kipling’s quarrel with his brother-in-law.
After a scandal in 1896, the family returned to England, where their third child, son John, was born. Rudyard was loving father, even fairy tales, in which there is so much warmth, Kipling composed for children.
Not everything in the writer’s personal life went smoothly. During a trip to the USA, the eldest daughter Josephine died of pneumonia - this was a strong blow for the author.
Rudyard's losses did not end there - the death of his son in the First World War, whose body was never found, left a wound in the author's heart. Kipling and Caroline worked in the Red Cross during wartime; they spent 4 years clarifying the circumstances of their son's death.
They had hope that their son had been captured by the Germans. But in June 1919, completely desperate, the writer informed the military command about the death of his son. The film “My Boy Jack” was made about these events.
Of Kipling's three children, only Elsie lived a long life: she died at the age of 80. The woman, whose photo is on the Internet, tried throughout her life to preserve the traditions of her husband and father. After her death, Elsie bequeathed her property to the National Trust.
Death
Rudyard continued to write, but the author had less and less success. Since 1915, the writer suffered from gastritis, but it later turned out that the diagnosis was made incorrectly - in fact, Kipling suffered from an ulcer. The writer died in London on January 18, 1936, less than a week after the operation. Rudyard's body was cremated, and his ashes are located in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey, next to Charles Dickens and.
The decline of Kipling's literary fame was most likely explained by great-power and conservative views, as well as the general availability of his works. Modernists assumed that the writer avoided the themes and aesthetic principles that they professed.
However, since the early 40s, Kipling's work has been rethought by critics. After the re-release of a collection of Rudyard's poems, interest in the works is being revived.
Bibliography
- 1888 – “Simple Tales from the Mountains”
- 1888 – “Three Soldiers”
- 1888 – “Little Willie Winky”
- 1893 – “White Cat”
- 1894 – “The Jungle Book”
- 1895 – “The Second Jungle Book”
- 1896 – “Brave Captains”
- 1896 – “Seven Seas”
- 1896 – “White Theses”
- 1898 – “Works of the Day”
- 1899 – “Stalky and Co.”
- 1899 – “The White Man’s Burden”
- 1903 – “Five Nations”
- 1901 – “Kim”
- 1904 – “Paths and Discoveries”
- 1906 – “Puck from Puka Hill”
- 1909 – “Action and Reaction”
- 1910 – “Rewards and Fairies”
- 1910 – poem “Commandment” (“Control yourself among the confused crowd”)
- 1918 – “Garden of Gethsemane”
- 1919 – “Gray Eyes Dawn”
- 1923 – “Irish Guards during Great War»
- 1932 – “Restriction and Renewal”
- 1937 – “A little about myself”
A truly talented person must be talented in everything. Confirmation of these words is Joseph Rudyard Kipling. The biography of this man, in particular, the fact that he received the Nobel Prize at the age of forty-two, is evidence of this. The writer, poet and writer loved people and nature, was interested in everything, and read a lot. He was courageous, always took a clear social and political position. He believed that there was a “noble fear” that should be shared by all people - for the fate of another person. Being British by upbringing, he always considered India, whose language he knew, to be his second homeland.
What works made Kipling famous?
As you know, British poetry is one of the richest in talents in the world: George Gordon Byron, William Shakespeare, Matthew Arnold. Therefore, the choice of the English public when the famous BBC radio station tried to name their most favorite poems is indicative. The championship (and by a significant margin!) belonged to Kipling’s “Commandments”. However, he is no less famous as a prose writer. Kipling's creativity is multifaceted. The most significant among his works are the novel “Kim” and the collection of short stories “The Jungle Book”.
The lines of this writer are picturesque. Indeed, The Jungle Book can rightfully be called prose in verse. This is what our classics Turgenev and Gogol wrote, but, of course, about Russia. The mosaic of 15 stories from The Jungle Book consists of the story of Mowgli, which unites 8 of them, and other stories about endowed with human traits about the brave mongoose Rikki-Tikki-Tavi, about the cat who walks on his own. The story of Kipling's boy Mowgli, raised by a pack of wolves, and his confrontation with the cruel tiger Shere Khan has been repeatedly depicted in cartoons and is familiar to all children.
The writer's childhood
Kipling became famous for his stories about India. His biography begins in Bombay, where he was born in 1936. In India the country he knew and loved passed away. The strongest, most vivid childhood impressions of the son of the rector of the Bombay School of Art are associated with the magical stories of his Indian nanny about animals (the boy understood and could speak Hindi well).
At the age of six he was sent to England, to a private boarding school - Kipling's biography testifies. For children accustomed to free colonial life, it was often difficult to get used to boarding drills. He was not a favorite of the hostess of the boarding house. Memories of injustice and cruelty that the writer faced in early years, he later introduced in the short story "Black Sheep".
Youth
At first, his father believed that young Kipling should become an officer. His biography shows that as a thirteen-year-old boy he was accepted into the Devon School (essentially an analogue of our Suvorov School), which is a kind of springboard for future officers wishing to enter famous military academies. Boyish “graters”, bruises and “mini-battles” with bully classmates - all this had to go through in a male team before receiving recognition as “one of our own”. Joseph fell in love with school and service. The collection of stories “Stalky and Co” tells about this period of his life. There his talent as a writer manifested itself. At the same time, poor eyesight left no hope for a military career. The father called the 17-year-old away young man to India, where a position was found for him in the Civil and Military Newspaper.
Start of writing work
It is from the journalistic path that R. Kipling's stories originate. His collection “Department Notes” is a success. An aspiring writer is fluent in the Hindustani language, he is close to the Indian reader, he is understood and loved. The 34-year-old writer, already famous in Britain, comes to London to “make a name for himself.” Here, in collaboration with the American publisher Walcott Balestier, Kipling is working on the story “Naulahka”. The biography, a brief chronology of his life during this period, is most interesting. He found a true friend and also fell in love with his sister. However, their collaboration did not last long. After the death of his partner from typhus, he marries his sister Caroline. He writes his famous poems "Gunga Din" and "Mandalay".
Vermont creative period
The young couple moved to where the two-volume book “The Jungle Book” and the collection of poems “The Seven Seas” were published. Here the happy parents had two daughters, then a son. Kipling's best novel is being written - "Kim" about a ragged Indian boy who learned Buddhist wisdom and became a British intelligence officer. After a quarrel with his wife's relatives, a thirty-three-year-old writer and his family move to New York. Here he and his daughter contract pneumonia, after which the girl dies.
Moving to Britain
He works for a South African newspaper for several months, then buys a private house in England, in Sussex. He is actively involved in political life, supporting conservatives. A confession comes to him: Nobel Prize, honorary degrees from British and European universities. But again a serious loss awaits the writer. His son dies on the front of the First World War. The writer and his wife devote all their time to helping people in the Red Cross. He hardly writes, his grief is so great. However, Kipling soon finds a friend who managed to “shake him up” and awaken him to life. He became... English king(Kipling was unusually friendly with this man until the end of his days.) The writer’s biography shows how he perpetuated the memory of his son by writing the story “The Irish Guards during the Great War” at the age of fifty-eight. The life of this writer was not easy; creative triumphs, unfortunately, were often accompanied by the loss of loved ones. The gastritis that tormented him developed into a peptic ulcer. He died from internal bleeding and was buried in
Conclusion
Kipling's work is multifaceted. We know him thanks to the bright and magical children's stories “The Jungle Book”. However, his works also have another side. called him "the English Balzac." The novel "Kim" is rightfully considered the best work about India on English language. Kipling was and is respected by adults, this was especially evident during the First World War. Our classic Konstantin Simonov noted Kipling’s “masculine style,” his “soldier’s severity,” “masculinity.”
Indeed, could an unmasculine person say that a man should not be “stopped” and “penetrate into the soul” by triumphs and failures, that he must always treat them “distantly.”
Born December 30, 1865 in Bombay (India). His father, a major specialist in the history of Indian art, was the director of the museum; mother came from a prominent London family; both grandfathers were Methodist ministers. At the age of six, the boy was sent to England to be cared for by a Calvinist family. In 1882, sixteen-year-old Rudyard returned to India and found a job as an assistant editor in a Lahore newspaper. In 1886 he published a book of poems, Department Songs. It was followed by Plain Tales from the Hills (1888) - laconic, often crude stories about life in British India. In 1887, Kipling moved to the Pioneer newspaper in Allahabad. His best stories were published in India, in cheap editions, and were later collected in the books “Three Soldiers” and “Wee-Willy-Winky,” containing pictures of the life of the British army in India.
In 1889, Kipling traveled around the world, writing travel notes. In October he arrived in London and almost immediately became a celebrity. The following year became the year of Kipling's glory. Starting with the “Ballad of East and West,” he moved towards a new style of English versification, creating “Songs of the Barracks.”
There are some bibliographical difficulties associated with the release of Kipling's first novel, The Light Has Gone Out (1890), since it appeared in two versions - one with a happy ending, the other with a tragic one. Due to overwork, the writer's health declined, and he spent most of 1891 traveling around America and the British dominions. Returning in January 1892, he married the sister of the American publisher W. Balestier, with whom he co-wrote the unsuccessful novel Naulanka (1892).
During the Kipling couple's honeymoon in Japan, a bank crash left them penniless, and they settled in the Balestier home in Brattleboro, Vermont. During the four years he lived in America, Kipling wrote his best works. These are stories included in the collections “A Mass of Fiction” (1893) and “Works of the Day” (1898), poems about ships, about the sea and pioneer sailors, collected in the book “Seven Seas” (1896), and two “Jungle Books” (1894–1895). In 1896 he wrote the book Brave Mariners. The Kiplings' life in New England ended in an absurd quarrel with their brother-in-law, and in 1896 they returned to England. On the advice of doctors, the writer spent winters in South Africa, where he became close to the ideologists of colonialism A. Milner, L. S. Jameson and S. Rhodes. He was a war correspondent during the Boer War 1899–1902.
At the height of his fame and fortune, Kipling avoided publicity, ignored hostile criticism, and refused the title of poet laureate and many honors. In 1902 he settled in a remote village in Sussex. In 1901, Kipling published the novel “Kim,” his farewell to India, and in 1902, the delightful children’s book “Just So Fairy Tales.”
By the middle of the writer’s life, his literary style had changed; now he wrote leisurely, carefully, carefully checking what he wrote. Two books of historical stories, “Puck from Puka Hill” (1906) and “Rewards and Fairies” (1910), are characterized by a higher structure of feelings; some of the poems reach the level of pure poetry. Kipling continued to write stories, collected in the books Paths and Discoveries (1904), Action and Reaction (1909), Creatures of All Kinds (1917), Debt and Credit (1926), and Limitation and Renewal ( 1932). Kipling's popularity waned in the 1920s. The writer endured the death of his son in the First World War and persistent illnesses stoically. Kipling died in London on January 18, 1936.