The administrative center of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug: capital, districts and cities
Nenets Autonomous Okrug- a subject of the Federation in the north-east of the European part of Russia. The district is located on the northeastern outskirts of the East European Plain. The relief of the territory is mostly flat; the Timan Ridge and the Pai-Khoi Ridge stand out, between which the swampy Bolshezemelskaya and Malozemelskaya tundras are located.
The Nenets Autonomous Okrug, being an independent subject of the federation within the Northwestern Federal District, is part of the Arkhangelsk Oblast. The administrative center is the city of Naryan-Mar.
The territory of the region is 176,810 km2, the population (as of January 1, 2017) is 43,937 people.
Surface water resources
The territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug belongs to the basin of the Arctic Ocean, most of it belongs to the basin of the Barents and Pechora Seas, the extreme western part - to the basin of the White Sea, the extreme east - to the basin of the Kara Sea.
The river network of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is represented by 1854 rivers with a total length of 47,144 km (the density of the river network is 0.27 km / km 2), most of which belong to small rivers and streams. The rivers of the Autonomous Okrug are predominantly of ranvin character. They are characterized by a mixed diet with a predominance of snow (up to 75%). The rivers of the region belong to the Eastern European type of water regime, they are characterized by spring floods with a sharp rise in water level, summer-autumn low water, occasionally interrupted by rain floods, and low winter low water. The duration of freeze-up on the rivers of the Autonomous Okrug is 7-8 months, many rivers freeze in winter. The lower parts of the Pechora, Kara and Korotaikha basins, as well as a number of medium and small rivers flowing into the Barents and Kara Seas, are located on the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Also, the largest rivers, partially or completely flowing through the territory of the Autonomous Okrug, are the tributaries of the Pechora of the first and second order - Sula, as well as Adzva and Kolva (tributaries of the river Usa). Among the regions of the federal district, the Nenets Autonomous District occupies the last place in terms of the density of the river network.
The area and number of lakes and artificial reservoirs, swamps and wetlands are not constant, they depend on natural (water regime, climatic phenomena, swamping, etc.) and anthropogenic (drainage of territories, etc.) factors.
Groundwater resources
Functions for the provision of public services and the management of federal property in the field of water resources in the region are carried out by the Department of Water Resources of the Dvinsko-Pechora BVU for the Arkhangelsk Region and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Powers in the field of water relations transferred to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, functions for the provision of public services and the management of regional property in the field of water resources in the region are carried out by the Department of Natural Resources, Ecology and Agro-Industrial Complex of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
On the territory of the Autonomous Okrug, the State Program "Environmental Protection, Reproduction and Use of Natural Resources" is being implemented, aimed at the protection and rational use of water bodies, ensuring the protection of the population and economic facilities from the negative impact of water and solving other problems.
In preparing the material, data from the State reports "On the state and protection of the environment of the Russian Federation in 2015", "On the state and use of water resources of the Russian Federation in 2015", "On the state and use of land in the Russian Federation in 2015", “On the state of the environment in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug in 2015”, collection “Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators. 2016". The ratings of regions for surface and underground water resources do not take into account the indicators of cities of federal significance - Moscow,
The Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a unique inimitable subject of the Russian Federation. The vast territory of the region is almost completely located beyond the Arctic Circle. The last snow here melts at the end of July, and winter lasts 220–240 days on average.
The Nenets Okrug is a mysterious northern expanse with a unique landscape and a set of natural, historical and cultural values, unusual and indescribable for a person who has never been to the north. For example, northern lights or a winter rainbow, snowstorms when visibility ends at arm's length, vast expanses of snow-covered tundra, when it seems that you can go to the edge of the world and look there.
The Nenets Autonomous Okrug was formed on July 15, 1929 by the Decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the basis of the will of the Nenets people.
The territory of the district is 176.7 thousand square meters. km. Within the current borders, the district borders on the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (yes, these are two different subjects of the Russian Federation), the Komi Republic and the Mezensky District of the Arkhangelsk Region, from the north the border runs along the coast of the White, Barents and Kara seas, including the adjacent islands.
In the Nenets Autonomous Okrug there are more than 30 cultural heritage sites - monuments of architecture and history, which are under state protection.
Naryan-Mar is the administrative center and the only city in the district. Also in the district there are 1 urban-type settlement and 42 rural settlements.
An interesting feature of the city is that the houses are given names. Locals can easily show you where the Titanic, Little Red Riding Hood, Sandwich, Gingerbread House, Bruise, Sandwich or the Royal stables are located. By calling a taxi, you can ask the dispatcher to drive up to the sandwich, and you will be understood.
For 12 years, the city has completely changed its appearance, from 2-storey barrack-type houses to modern high-rise buildings.
Naryan-Mar and other settlements of the district are not connected with the "mainland" by cars or railways. You can get to the district only by plane or by winter road. The expression "Island on the mainland" characterizes the transport situation in the district.
Nenets (author of the photo - Matvey Chuprov)
The indigenous people of the district are the Nenets. 7 thousand people out of 43 thousand of the total population of the district.
The Nenets people lead a nomadic lifestyle, moving across the territory of the entire district. The rhythm and duration of camping is determined by the state of reindeer pastures, their ability to feed the animals. As soon as this ability is lost, there is a need to change pastures.
The number of deer in the district is 168 thousand heads, which is more than the number of people. Reindeer for the Nenets is the center of life. Food, clothing, housing, transportation all provide this amazing animal.
Camp (author of the photo - Matvey Chuprov)
All Nenets have been living in tents since ancient times. For them, this is the center of the whole life of the family, which is perceived as a whole world with its own laws and rules.
Pustozersk (photo by Maria Samylova)
Of great interest is the archaeological heritage of the district. A special place is occupied by the monument of federal significance Pustozerskoye settlement. Pustozersk is the first city beyond the Arctic Circle. From the moment the "city and fortress" appeared, Pustozersk has become the center of the entire lower and middle Pechora: from the Timan tundra to the northern Urals, from the coast of the Barents Sea and Vaigach to the Vym and Usa rivers. It was the largest settlement in the Far North, the administrative, commercial, cultural and religious center of the Pechora Territory, a military stronghold. The first Russian city beyond the Arctic Circle.
It was here that Archpriest Avakum wrote the unique Life of Archpriest Avvakum, Written by Himself.
White Nights
One of the reasons for coming to the Nenets tundra is the phenomenon known as "white nights". In summer, the sun does not set below the horizon 24 hours a day. This period lasts from May 29 to July 15. Have you ever seen the moon and the sun in the sky at the same time? Such miracles are possible in the Nenets Okrug!
Northern Lights (photo by Daniil Ispolinov)
Long northern "polar nights" allow you to see another natural phenomenon - the "Northern Lights". Around Naryan-Mar there are quite a few convenient places to watch the impressive play of sunlight.
Our region is fraught with many other wonders and mysteries. You can travel along it both in winter and summer - and there is always a feeling or illusion that you managed to embrace the immensity.
Most of the territory of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is located beyond the Arctic Circle. It includes the islands of Kolguev and Vaigach.
History
The first scientist to study these lands in 1837 was the Russian botanist Alexander Shrenk. He passed the Pechora, reached the Yugorsky Shar, reached the island, crossed the Pai-Khoi, and from there returned to St. Petersburg through Pustozersk. How difficult it was to do this can be seen from the fact that even a hundred years later, in 1930, the detachment of the geologist Nikolai Iordansky only spent more than two months on the road from Moscow to the mouth of the Vorkuta River, which flows into the Usa.
Pomeranian industrialists often became the organizers of expeditions: for example, Mikhail Sidorov in the middle of the 19th century, who sent his own expedition to Pechora, who discovered that “the coast of the Pechora River is replete with layers of coal lying on the ground in lumps.”
The researchers of the region were not only selfless people, but often disinterested. In 1913, an expedition to the Verkhneusinsky Territory, which included local political exiles, refused to pay their labor for the sake of science. Local guides and workers in Russian expeditions at the beginning of the 20th century. they also did not take payment for work in money, preferring ... salt: there are fish places here, but there is no salt. And today, salt is delivered to Naryan-Mar along the Northern Sea Route.
The area goes to the three seas of the Arctic Ocean. Dunes and coastal ridges stretch along the sea coast, there are ersei: the local name for the hollows of blowing.
Over 3/4 of the territory is occupied by swampy tundra: Bolshezemelskaya, Pechorye and Malozemelskaya (Timanskaya). It grows mainly dwarf birch and moss, in river valleys - dense thickets of willow, on peat mounds - dwarf birches, a lot of cloudberries and blueberries, mushrooms. But for all that - the dominance of midges, from which both people and animals suffer. The first explorers of the local tundra complained: “You can’t bring a spoon to your mouth, how the soup moves from mosquitoes in it.”
There is an abundance of fish in rivers and lakes, including grayling. There are many birds: tundra and white partridge, various kinds of geese and ducks, swan, snowy owl. Mammals are dominated by reindeer, arctic fox and lemming.
In the extreme northeast there is the Pai-Khoi ridge with mountains over 400 m. The southern regions are occupied by forest-tundra, which is characterized by spruce and larch 3-4 m high with a crown twisted by the north wind. In the far south-west is the taiga, where elk, brown bear, and lynx live. Of the birds, the boreal owl, the three-toed woodpecker, and the hawk owl are characteristic.
There are many small rivers and small thermokarst and glacial lakes in the region.
The main river and main waterway in the tundra, the river is navigable during the summer season. On it to the city of Naryan-Mar - the administrative center of the district - ships rise from the Barents Sea. To protect the rare Arctic flora and fauna in the Pechora Delta, the Nenetsky Nature Reserve has been created.
The Nenets National Okrug itself was formed in 1929.
The development of the region accelerated significantly in the 1970s-1980s, when large deposits of oil and natural gas were discovered, including on the sea shelf.
The population of the district lives mainly near Pechora.
The Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a very rich region, but difficult to access. Everywhere - the tundra, through which cars will pass only in winter, but it was possible to lay a pipeline through it. In the north - the seas of the Arctic Ocean, through which only everything necessary for the life and work of the city can be delivered to Naryan-Mar.
“Naryan-Mar, my Naryan-Mar, the town is not big and not small, near Pechora by the river ...” is sung in a famous song. However, for the Nenets Autonomous Okrug it is almost a metropolis, its significance in the life of the Okrug is enormous.
The settlement of the lands of the current Nenets Autonomous Okrug began no later than 9 thousand years BC. e.: this period includes archaeological finds in the area of the Pymvashor River and the village of Kharuta.
The Nenets belong to the tundra group of this people with migrations to the forest-tundra only in winter and speak the tundra dialect of the Nenets language. The name of the Nenets is a modified self-name "nenets" (person).
The Nenets are one of the Samoyedic peoples: hence the previously common name "Samoyeds". At the beginning of the first millennium, the Samoyeds occupied the forest-steppe regions from the eastern spurs of the Urals to the Sayan Highlands. In II-IV centuries. under the onslaught of nomads - the Huns and Turks - they were forced out into the tundra. The Pechora tribes already lived here, long before the Samoyeds mastered the European North and laid the foundations of the tundra paleoculture. The Samoyeds displaced them or partially assimilated with them.
The process of assimilation was long. To our time, legends about the “siirta” (small tundra natives living underground) have survived, in which they appear as real people, with whom the ancestors of the Nenets fought and started families. Traditions describe them as living in the tundra before the arrival of the Nenets. Most likely, this was the disappeared Pechora tribe, although ufologist enthusiasts consider them as descendants of aliens.
These legends occupy an important place in Nenets mythology. In their view, the earth is motionless, but the sky moves. The universe is divided into three worlds - Upper, Middle and Lower. In the Upper, in the sky, the supreme god Num lives. The middle one is the earth, it is alive, every hill, river and lake has a master - a spirit. The lower one is under the seven layers of permafrost, it is dominated by Na - the spirit of illness and death, the souls of the dead move into it.
At the turn of the XII-XIII centuries. Russian coast-dwellers learned about the Nenets, who explored the European North on kochs - wooden single-masted boats with a straight sail and several pairs of oars.
Then the Novgorod Republic in the period of its highest prosperity included these lands, its extreme eastern borders passed along the Northern Urals.
In 1478, the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III subjugated and included the republic in the Muscovite state. In order to consolidate positions on the extreme northern borders, Ivan III in 1499 ordered the founding of Pustozersk, which became the first Russian city beyond the Arctic Circle (27 km southwest of modern Naryan-Mar). Until 1780, Pustozersk was the administrative, commercial, cultural and religious center of the Pechora region. And also a place of reference. The most famous exile was Archpriest Avvakum, the most prominent leader of the Old Believers. From here, for 14 years, he sent letters to his supporters, cursing the kings and the patriarch, for which he was burned in the hut. In 1620, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich closed the sea route to Siberia for foreign merchants, in the 17th-18th centuries. the devastating raids of the "Kharyuchi" - the Trans-Ural Nenets - became more frequent, the Gorodetsky Shar channel became shallow, which made it difficult to approach the city by water. Since the 18th century Pustozersk gradually lost its importance, in 1924 it lost its city status and was finally abandoned in 1962. In Naryan-Mar and Telvisk, streets were named after Pustozersk.
Naryan-Mar stands in the lower reaches of the Pechora, about 100 km from the Barents Sea. This is the capital and the only city of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, almost 70% of the population lives in it. Naryan-Mar is one of the few cities in the world beyond the Arctic Circle. Winter lasts 240 days a year, the last snow melts at the end of July. For two months a year, in December and January, it plunges into a long polar night. In winter, frosts are up to -45 ° C, in December, the polar lights shimmer over the city with all colors. Translated from the Nenets language, Naryan-Mar means “red city”. The post office building built in 1950 and crowned with a turret in the form of a Nenets plague became the symbol of the polar city.
Naryan-Mar today is an important transport hub of the region, an airport, a trading port on the Northern Sea Route.
general information
Location
: north-west of the European part of the Russian Federation, coast of the Arctic Ocean.
Administrative affiliation
: Northwestern Federal District.
Administrative division
: the city of district subordination of Naryan-Mar, the Zapolyarny district and the urban-type settlement of Iskateley.
Administrative center
: Naryan-Mar - 24,535 people (2016).
Educated: 1929
Languages: Russian, Nenets.
Ethnic composition
: Russians - 63.31%, Nenets - 17.83%, Komi - 8.61%, Ukrainians - 2.34% (2010).
Religions: orthodoxy, shamanism.
Currency unit
: Russian ruble.
Rivers: Pechora, Vizhas, Oma, Sheaf, Pyosha, Wolonga, Indiga, Black, Sea-Yu.
lakes: Vashutkins, Golodnaya Guba, Gorodetskoe, Varsh, Nes.
The airport: federal significance Naryan-Mar.
Neighboring subjects of the Russian Federation and water areas
: in the north - the White, Barents and Kara Seas, including the adjacent islands that are not assigned to the jurisdiction of the Arkhangelsk region; in the east - the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, in the south - the Republic of Komi, in the west - the Arkhangelsk region.
Numbers
Area: 176 810 km2.
Length: from north to south - about 315 km and from west to east - more than 900 km.
Population: 43 838 people (2016).
Population density
: 0.25 people / km 2.
Urban population
: 72.4% (2016).
The length of the sea coastline
: about 3000 km.
highest point
: 423 m, Mount Moreiz (Wesey-Pe, Pai-Khoi ridge).
Remoteness (Naryan-Mar) : 660 km east of Arkhangelsk, 1501 km northeast of Moscow.
Climate and weather
Subarctic, in the extreme northeast - arctic.
Cool summers, long cold winters.
January average temperature
: -12°C in the south, -22°C in the northeast.
July average temperature
: +13°С in the south, +6°С in the northeast.
Average annual rainfall
: from north to south 370-500 mm.
Average annual relative humidity
: from south to north 75-85%.
Economy
GRP: 183.7 billion rubles (2014), per capita - 4,252,400 rubles. (2016).
Minerals
: oil, natural gas, coal, fluorite, iron, manganese, titanium, diamonds, peat, building materials, mineral springs.
Industry: oil refining, timber (lumber), food (fish processing, butter, meat processing plant).
Seaport of Naryan-Mar.
Agriculture
: animal husbandry (reindeer breeding, fur cage fur farming), plant growing (potatoes, vegetables, turnips).
Sea fishing and sea fur hunting.
Traditional crafts
: tailoring of cloaks, production of souvenirs.
Services sector: tourist, transport (including shipping on the Pechora), trade.
Attractions
Natural
Kolguev and Vaygach Islands
Kara meteorite crater
Lake Golodnaya Guba
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24.12.2019 16:58
19.06.2019 17:24
18.06.2019 10:06
15.06.2019 13:08
The investigating authorities of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation for the Arkhangelsk Region and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug initiated a criminal case against a deputy of the Council of the Municipal District of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, who is suspected of committing a crime under paragraph "b" part 3 of Article 228.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (illegal sale of a narcotic drug, committed on a large scale).
13.06.2019 16:03
10.06.2019 16:34
Deputies of the Smolensk regional branch of the LDPR party transferred rabbits from the Krol and K farm to the Naryan-Mar Zoo. In September last year, State Duma Deputy Yaroslav Nilov brought animals to the northern city.
06.06.2019 08:32
04.06.2019 08:59
June 3, on the square named after V.I. Lenin held a picket organized by activists of the Communist Party, which was attended by more than 70 people.
The reason for this form of expression of requirements is the situation that has developed around the Naryan-Mar aviation enterprise.
03.06.2019 21:46
03.06.2019 16:17
The auction for the provision of services for the arrangement and maintenance of places of mass recreation for the population (beach) will be held on June 13. The initial (maximum) price of the contract is 1,215,700.00 rubles.
Works on the arrangement and maintenance of a place for mass recreation of the population (beach) are carried out on the inter-settlement territory of the municipal formation "Municipal district" Zapolyarny district ", the area of \u200b\u200bLake Blue", in the southeastern part of the lake, on a land plot of 3,000 sq.m., having coordinates: 670 39′ 41′′ N, 530 12′ 50′′ E.
31.05.2019 11:46
June 1, International Children's Day in the region by the decision of the administration NAO a ban on the retail sale of alcohol. This is reported in the Department of Natural Resources, Ecology and Agro-Industrial Complex NAO.
According to the document, on June 1, the retail sale of alcoholic products, including beer and beer drinks, will be prohibited. This prohibition does not apply to the retail sale of alcohol carried out by organizations and individual entrepreneurs when they provide catering services.
- Violation of this prohibition in accordance with the current legislation entails the imposition of an administrative fine on officials in the amount of 20 to 40 thousand rubles, on legal entities - from 100 to 300 thousand rubles with confiscation of alcoholic beverages, explained in Department.
Recall that in addition to June 1, in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the retail sale of alcohol is prohibited on Youth Day, June 27, and on Knowledge Day, September 1.
The purpose of the introduction of restrictions is to protect the moral and spiritual development of children, strengthen the institution of the family, stimulate sports and the pursuit of a healthy lifestyle, ensure public order and the safety of the population in public places.
© 2019 Administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug
The most sparsely populated region of the country, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, is located in the northwest of its Eastern European part. You can get an idea about the district, consider its borders, cities and other objects using a satellite map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The lands between the Pechora and the Ugra are mentioned in chronicles belonging to the 9th-10th centuries. The indigenous population (Nenets) moved here from the banks of the Ob, but after some time passed into the control of the Novgorod princes, who constantly collected tribute from the northern regions.
If you look at the map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug with diagrams, it becomes clear that most of the land is located in the Arctic. The county shares borders with:
- Arkhangelsk region;
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug;
- Republic of Komi.
The district owns several islands and peninsulas. The most northern territories of the Okrug are limited by the waters of the seas of the Arctic Ocean. All objects are displayed on the maps of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug with regions. You can easily find cities, and by zooming in, you can view the streets in detail, the location of buildings, find train stations, shops, and administrative offices. The map is an indispensable assistant in travel, business trips, tourist trips. Download the map to your smartphone or tablet and view any object as magnified as possible.
Districts on the map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Everything is unique on the territory of the Okrug - nature, culture of indigenous peoples and even territorial division. This is the only region in the country in which only 1 region is territorially allocated - Zapolyarny. There are 19 villages on its territory. All other villages of the region are not included in the district, but belong to the urban district. The detailed map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug shows even small settlements.
The following rivers flow in the area:
- Longvozh;
- Pechora;
- Voyvozh;
- Sher-Vozh.
The main administrative unit here is the village of Seekers. The village has television, radio broadcasting, partial coverage of cellular communications, and bus routes connecting the village with the city of Naryan-Mar. In the settlements that are displayed on the map of the region of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the number of residents is very small. A little more than 1,500 people inhabit only the village of Krasnoye, in other villages it is even smaller.
Transport links in the district are poorly developed. Only 28% of all roads are paved. Motor transport connection with other regions is interrupted by weather conditions, and sometimes it is absent for a long time. Look at the location of the main roads in detail on the map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and you will be convinced of the scarcity of transport links.
The main burden in the movement of residents and guests of the region falls on air transport. Some villages can be reached by helicopter, and from the airport you can fly by plane to cities such as:
- Arkhangelsk;
- St. Petersburg;
- Pechora;
- Moscow.
Along the rivers of the region, the settlements, which are indicated on the map with the villages of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, can also be reached by river transport, but navigation lasts for a very short period - from mid-June to October.
Map of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug with cities and villages
When you try to find the city on the map, you will be surprised. There is only one locality with this status. Naryan-Mar is the "heart" of the district in the literal sense. This is a trading port that provides life for the Polar region. As the map with cities and villages of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug shows, you can come here by car only along the Laya-Voyage road, which stretches from the east and is a “winter road”.
The city has its own, a few attractions:
- administration and post office buildings;
- monument to the sailors of the steamship "Komsomolets";
- monument to reindeer herders;
- house of culture.
The population of the city slightly exceeds 20 thousand people. The main nationalities are Nenets and Russians. Over the past 10 years, modern, comfortable houses have appeared in the city, which can be found on a map with the settlements of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Also, using the online service, you can find the main streets, access roads to the port and airport.
Economy and industry of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug
The region's economy is based on oil and gas production and traditional industries. The region has the largest oil and gas condensate fields:
- Khasyrey;
- Tedinskoye;
- Toravey;
- Kharyaginskoe.
In total, 96 fields are already being produced in the region and more than 20 are being developed.
On Yandex maps of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, you can see large, undeveloped territories that are occupied by pastures. More than 2,000 people are involved in reindeer herding, mostly representatives of the indigenous peoples of the region. There are also more than 10 fishing cooperatives with their own trawl fleet. There are several processing plants within Naryan-Mar.