Foreign Asia on the map. Asia map

Asia- is the largest part of the world, which is located on the same continent of Eurasia with part of the world Europe and covers an area of ​​\u200b\u200babout 43.4 million km² (30% of the entire dry land of the globe). The allocation of this part of the world is connected with the presence of historical and geographical barriers (which are always disputed) between these parts of the world. Asia has a great length from north to south from Cape Chelyuskin on the Taimyr Peninsula to Cape Piai on the Malay Peninsula.

Asian population: 4.3 billion people
Population density: 96 people/km²

Territory of Asia: 44,579,000 km²

The eastern border of Asia (and Eurasia) is Cape Dezhnev with America, the western border is located on the peninsula of Asia Minor - the Bosphorus and Dardanelles, only in the west Asia has land borders with Europe (the Urals and the Caucasus) and on the Isthmus of Suez with Africa. The main part of its territory goes directly to the seas and oceans.

Leaders in the number of tourists:

1 China 57.58 million
2 Malaysia Malaysia 24.71 million
3 Hong Kong 22.32 million
4 Thailand 19.10 million
5 Macau 12.93 million
6 Singapore 10.39 million
7 South Korea 9.80 million
8 Indonesia 7.65 million
9 India 6.29 million
10 Japan 6.22 million

1 Saudi Arabia 17.34 million
2 Egypt 9.50 million
3 UAE 8.13 million

Asia- the only part of the world that is washed by the waters of all four oceans. In some places, the seas cut deeply into the Asian uplands. However, the influence of the oceans on its nature is limited. This is explained by the huge size of Asia, due to which significant areas of this part of the world are very remote from the oceans. The most remote interior regions of Asia are several thousand kilometers from the oceans, while in Western Europe this distance is only 600 km.

Asia has the largest Earth average height - 950 m (for comparison: Europe - 340 m), the highest point of the entire Earth, the famous Chomolungma (8848m). 2. In Asia, the deepest oceanic trench is located - the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean (11022 m). In Asia, the deepest lake in the world - Baikal In Asia - the deepest depression of the Dead Sea (-395 m)

The coasts of Asia are very indented. Two large peninsulas stand out in the north - Taimyr and Chukotsky, in the east there are huge seas separated by the peninsulas of Kamchatka and Korea, as well as chains of islands. In the south there are three large peninsulas - Arabian, Hindustan, Indochina. They are separated by the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, which are wide open to the Indian Ocean, and, on the contrary, by the almost closed reservoirs of the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. The huge archipelago of the Sunda Islands adjoins Asia to the southeast.

Asia accounts for more than 40% of the world's potential hydropower resources, of which China - 540 million kW, India - 75 million kW. 2. The degree of use of river energy is very different: in Japan - by 70%, in India - by 14%, in Myanmar - by 1%. 3. The population density in the Yangtze Valley, the largest of Asian rivers, reaches 500-600 people. For 1 sq. km, in the Ganges delta - 400 people.

Most Asian countries have direct access to one of the oceans, with a long and fairly indented coastline. The countries of Central Asia, as well as Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Mongolia, Laos, have no access to the sea. Asia is a crossroads of important maritime communications. Most of the seas, bays and straits are living sea lanes.

Asia is rich in a variety of natural resources, but they are very unevenly distributed. From mineral resources, the reserves of fuel minerals are of the greatest importance. The largest oil and gas province is located in the Persian Gulf and a number of adjacent territories, including the territories of Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar. Coal deposits are of great importance, the largest deposits of which are concentrated on the territory of two Asian giants - China and India. The countries of South, Southeast and East Asia are more endowed with ore minerals.

Fresh water resources are great, but their distribution is also uneven. The problem for most regions is the availability of land resources. Forest resources are better than other regions in Southeast Asia, where huge tracts of tropical forests are located. Among the trees you can find such valuable species as iron, sandalwood, black, red, camphor.
Many countries have significant recreational resources.
In Asia, the number of inhabitants is constantly growing. This is due to the high natural increase, which in most countries exceeds 15 people per 1,000 inhabitants. Asia has colossal labor resources. In 26 countries, more than a third of people are employed in agriculture. The population density in Asia fluctuates quite widely (from 2 people/km2 in Central and Southwest Asia to 300 people/km2 in East and Southeast Asia, in Bangladesh - 900 people/km2).
Asia is the world leader in the number of millionaire cities, the largest of which are Tokyo, Osaka, Chongqing, Shanghai, Seoul, Tehran, Beijing, Istanbul, Jakarta, Mumbai (Bombay), Calcutta, Manila, Karachi, Chennai (Madras), Dhaka, Bangkok.
Asia is the birthplace of three world and many national religions. The main faiths are Islam (Southwest Asia, partly South and Southeast Asia), Buddhism (South, Southeast and East Asia), Hinduism (India), Confucianism (China), Shintoism (Japan), Christianity (Philippines and some other countries), Judaism (Israel).

The rapidly developing region occupies 30% of the entire earth's land, which is 43 million km². It extends from the Pacific Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, from the tropics to the North Pole. It has a very interesting history, rich past and unique traditions. More than half (60%) of the world's population lives here - 4 billion people! What Asia looks like on the world map can be seen below.

All Asian countries on the maps

Asia world map:

Political map of overseas Asia:

Physical map of Asia:

Countries and capitals of Asia:

List of Asian countries and their capitals

A map of Asia with countries gives a clear idea of ​​their location. The list below is the capitals of Asian countries:

1. Azerbaijan, Baku.
2. Armenia - Yerevan.
3. Afghanistan - Kabul.
4. Bangladesh - Dhaka.
5. Bahrain - Manama.
6. Brunei - Bandar Seri Begawan.
7. Bhutan - Thimphu.
8. East Timor - Dili.
9. Vietnam - .
10. Hong Kong - Hong Kong.
11. Georgia, Tbilisi.
12. Israel - .
13. - Jakarta.
14. Jordan - Amman.
15. Iraq - Baghdad.
16. Iran - Tehran.
17. Yemen - Sana'a.
18. Kazakhstan, Astana.
19. Cambodia - Phnom Penh.
20. Qatar - Doha.
21. - Nicosia.
22. Kyrgyzstan - Bishkek.
23. China - Beijing.
24. North Korea - Pyongyang.
25. Kuwait - El Kuwait.
26. Laos - Vientiane.
27. Lebanon - Beirut.
28. Malaysia - .
29. - Male.
30. Mongolia - Ulaanbaatar.
31. Myanmar - Yangon.
32. Nepal - Kathmandu.
33. United Arab Emirates - .
34. Oman - Muscat.
35. Pakistan - Islamabad.
36. Saudi Arabia - Riyadh.
37. - Singapore.
38. Syria - Damascus.
39. Tajikistan - Dushanbe.
40. Thailand - .
41. Turkmenistan - Ashgabat.
42. Turkey - Ankara.
43. - Tashkent.
44. Philippines - Manila.
45. - Colombo.
46. – Seoul.
47. - Tokyo.

In addition, there are partially recognized countries, for example, Taiwan separated from China with the capital Taipei.

Attractions of the Asian region

The name is of Assyrian origin and means "sunrise" or "east", which is not surprising. Part of the world is distinguished by rich relief, mountains and peaks, including the highest peak in the world - Everest (Chomolungma), which is part of the Himalayas. All natural zones and landscapes are represented here; on its territory there is the deepest lake in the world -. The countries of foreign Asia in recent years have been confidently leading in terms of the number of tourists. Traditions mysterious and incomprehensible to Europeans, religious buildings, the interweaving of ancient culture with the latest technologies attract inquisitive travelers. Not to list all the iconic sights of this region, you can only try to highlight the most famous.

Taj Mahal (India, Agra)

A romantic monument, a symbol of eternal love and a magnificent building, in front of which people freeze in a daze, the Taj Mahal Palace, listed as one of the new seven wonders of the world. The mosque was erected by a descendant of Tamerlane Shah Jahan in memory of his deceased wife, who died in childbirth, giving birth to the 14th child. Taj Mahal is recognized as the best example of the Great Mughals, including Arabic, Persian and Indian architectural styles. The walls of the building are made of translucent marble and inlaid with gems. Depending on the light, the stone changes color, becoming pink at dawn, silvery at dusk, and dazzling white at noon.

Mount Fuji (Japan)

This is a landmark place for Buddhists who practice Sintaism. The height of Fujiyama is 3776 m, in fact, it is a dormant volcano, which should not wake up in the coming decades. It is recognized as the most beautiful in the world. Tourist routes are laid on the mountain, operating only in summer, since most of Fujiyama is covered with eternal snow. The mountain itself and the 5 Lakes of Fuji area around it are part of the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park.

The largest architectural ensemble of the world stretches across Northern China for 8860 km (including branches). The construction of the Wall went on in the 3rd century BC. and had the goal of protecting the country from the Xiongnu conquerors. The construction dragged on for a decade, about a million Chinese worked on it and thousands died from exhausting labor in inhuman conditions. All this served as a pretext for the uprising and the overthrow of the Qin dynasty. The wall is extremely organically inscribed in the landscape; it repeats all the curves of the spurs and depressions, encircling the mountain range.

Borobudur Temple (Indonesia, Java)

Among the rice plantations of the island rises an ancient giant structure in the form of a pyramid - the largest and most revered Buddhist temple in the world 34 m high. Steps and terraces surrounding it lead upstairs. From the point of view of Buddhism, Borobudur is nothing more than a model of the universe. Its 8 tiers mark 8 steps to enlightenment: the first is the world of sensual pleasures, the next three are the world of yogic trance that has risen above base lust. Rising higher, the soul is cleansed of all vain things and gains immortality in the heavenly sphere. The upper step represents nirvana - a state of eternal bliss and peace.

Buddha Golden Stone (Myanmar)

A Buddhist shrine flaunts on Mount Chaittiyo (Mon State). It can be shaken by hands, but no forces can throw it off its pedestal, for 2500 years the elements have not brought down a stone. In fact, it is a granite block covered with gold leaf, and its top is crowned by a Buddhist temple. Until now, the riddle has not been solved - who dragged him up the mountain, how, for what purpose and how he has been balancing on the edge for centuries. Buddhists themselves claim that the stone is held on the rock by the hair of the Buddha, immured in the temple.

Asia is a fertile land for laying new routes, knowing oneself and one's destiny. You need to go here meaningfully, tuning in to thoughtful contemplation. Perhaps you will discover yourself from a new side and find answers to many questions. When visiting Asian countries, you can make a list of sights and shrines yourself.

The list of Central Asian countries is not too extensive, but the regions themselves occupy a sufficient part of the land in their territory. These regions have their own economy, rich history, and unique cultural heritage. Before traveling for a holiday in these regions, you should familiarize yourself with the basic geographical information, superficially study the culture, economic nuances, and many other useful aspects.

Asia is conditionally divided into the following regions: Southern part, Northern part, East Asia, South-Eastern part, Western part, Central Asia, Central part, South-West part.

The composition of South Asia: Bangladesh, Afghanistan, India, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan, Bhutan, Maldives and Sri Lanka.

The central part includes: Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and the eastern Russian part.

Countries of Central-East Asia: the same as in the central part, but all of Korea, China, Japan and Mongolia are additionally joined from the east.

Western part: Armenia, Palestine, Azerbaijan, Saudi Arabia, Georgia, Turkey, Bahrain, Syria, Israel, United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Oman, Kuwait, Cyprus, Lebanon and Iraq.

The southeastern part consists of: Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Singapore, Laos, Philippines, Cambodia, Laos.

The central part of Asia is the middle territory of the region, familiar to most people who previously lived on the former borders of the USSR, in which Kazakhstan did not fit earlier. Based on ethnic and cultural characteristics, the territorial composition of the Asian middle part may also include eastern Turkic peoples, such as the inhabitants of Tibet and the Mongols. Central Asia is surrounded by land on all sides, there is no access to large bodies of water. The Caspian Sea does not flow anywhere, the reservoir has no outlet. The geographical center of Asia is the Republic of Tuva, located on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The central part of Asia will in any case consist of the Central Asian republics of the previously known USSR and Kazakhstan. Also, this conditionally divided territorial marking includes, in part or in full, other states. List of Central Asian countries:

• - depending on various geographical sources, this country can be fully or partially included in other centers, for example, in the front or southern part of Asia;
• Indian region Ladakh;
• It enters the central part only partially, but still most of it belongs to the western region;
• - partially;
• - fully;
• is part of the territorial composition of Central Asia, but if we consider the political aspect, then this site belongs to the eastern side;
• - closer to the eastern center than to the middle;
• geographically - central, but the political aspect refers it to the eastern territories;
• Part of the Russian Federation;

Historical and cultural heritage in the central countries

Today, the central part of Asia consists of five full-fledged states: Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. Previously, according to the Soviet state, Kazakhstan was not included in the list of the above Islamic states, it was equated closer to the Siberian region in Russia. However, the modern world thinks otherwise, that Kazakhstan is the middle part of Asia, and not otherwise. The total territorial area of ​​the Central Asian region is 3 million 994 thousand 300 square kilometers.

The region also includes some of the world's smallest countries. In general, the population does not exceed 51 million inhabitants, and this number includes more than a hundred nationalities known to the world. Among them there are also residents of Tibet, Koreans, Germans and Austrians. The largest nation in the central region is the Uzbeks. The number of Uzbekistan today exceeds 30 million inhabitants, and in neighboring countries they are also found as national minorities, therefore this nation is recognized as the most numerous.

For the period of 1992, more than 10 million Russian inhabitants lived in the territory of the Central Asian region, but after the collapse of the USSR, large-scale migration began, as a result of which the number of Russians greatly decreased in the territories of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.

In the most populous country - Uzbekistan - there are famous ancient historical cities that carry all the safety of the country's culture. In the past, these were great states with a rich history - imperial nomadic civilizations and centers of the development of Islam in the Central Asian part.

For many centuries, students came from all over the continent to receive a better education, since this region was famous for good Islamic colleges. Also in the center of Asia, Sufism, a widespread Islamic movement of the 7-8th century AD, was born. In addition to all this, the central part was famous for its pilgrimage sites, and the development of countries was successful compared to neighboring regions.

The Dervish Dance is a ritual to achieve unity with God. This is the main goal of Sufism, classical Muslim philosophy.

Asia is washed by the Arctic, Indian and Pacific oceans, as well as - in the west - by the inland seas of the Atlantic Ocean (Azov, Black, Marmara, Aegean, Mediterranean). At the same time, there are vast areas of internal flow - the basins of the Caspian and Aral Seas, Lake Balkhash, etc. Lake Baikal surpasses all lakes in the world in terms of the volume of fresh water it contains; 20% of the world's fresh water reserves are concentrated in Baikal (excluding glaciers). The Dead Sea is the world's deepest tectonic depression (-405 meters below sea level). The coast of Asia as a whole is relatively poorly dissected, large peninsulas stand out - Asia Minor, Arabian, Hindustan, Korean, Kamchatka, Chukotka, Taimyr, etc. Near the coast of Asia - large islands (Great Sunda, Novosibirsk, Sakhalin, Severnaya Zemlya, Taiwan, Philippine, Hainan, Sri Lanka, Japanese, etc.), occupying an aggregate area of ​​more than 2 million km².

At the base of Asia are four huge platforms - Arabian, Indian, Chinese and Siberian. Up to ¾ of the territory of the part of the world is occupied by mountains and plateaus, the highest of which are concentrated in Central and Central Asia. In general, Asia is a contrasting region in terms of absolute elevations. On the one hand, here is the highest peak in the world - Mount Chomolungma (8848 m), on the other hand, the deepest depressions - Lake Baikal with a depth of up to 1620 m and the Dead Sea, whose level is 392 m below sea level. East Asia is an area of ​​​​active volcanism .

Asia is rich in various minerals (in particular, fuel and energy raw materials).

Almost all types of climate are represented in Asia - from arctic in the far north to equatorial in the southeast. In East, South and Southeast Asia, the climate is monsoonal (within Asia there is the wettest place on Earth - the place of Cherrapunji in the Himalayas), while in Western Siberia it is continental, in Eastern Siberia and Saryarka it is sharply continental, and on the plains Central, Central and Western Asia - semi-desert and desert climate of temperate and subtropical zones. Southwest Asia - tropical desert, the hottest within Asia.

The extreme north of Asia is occupied by tundra. To the south is the taiga. Fertile black earth steppes are located in western Asia. Most of Central Asia, from the Red Sea to Mongolia, is occupied by deserts. The largest of them is the Gobi desert. The Himalayas separate Central Asia from the tropics of South and Southeast Asia.

The Himalayas are the highest mountain range in the world. The rivers, on the territory of the basins of which the Himalayas are located, carry silt to the fields of the south, forming fertile soils.

Asia is part of the Eurasian continent. The continent is located in the eastern and northern hemispheres. The border with North America runs along the Bering Strait, and Asia is separated from Africa by the Suez Canal. Even in ancient Greece, attempts were made to establish the exact border between Asia and Europe. Until now, this boundary is considered conditional. In Russian sources, the border is established along the eastern foot of the Ural Mountains, the Emba River, the Caspian Sea, the Black and Marmara Seas, along the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles.

In the west, Asia is washed by the inland seas of the Black, Azov, Marmara, Mediterranean and Aegean seas. The largest lakes of the continent are Baikal, Balkhash and the Aral Sea. Lake Baikal contains 20% of all fresh water reserves on Earth. In addition, Baikal is the deepest lake in the world. Its maximum depth in the middle part of the basin is 1620 meters. One of the unique lakes in Asia is Lake Balkhash. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it is freshwater in its western part, and salty in its eastern part. The Dead Sea is considered the deepest sea in Asia and the world.

The continental part of Asia is occupied mainly by mountains and plateaus. The largest mountain ranges in the south are Tibet, Tien Shan, Pamir, Himalayas. In the north and northeast of the mainland are Altai, the Verkhoyansk Range, the Chersky Range, and the Central Siberian Plateau. In the west, Asia is surrounded by the Caucasus and Ural mountains, and in the east, it is the Greater and Lesser Khingan and Sikhote-Alin. On the map of Asia with countries and capitals in Russian, the names of the large mountain ranges of the region are distinguishable. All types of climate are found in Asia - from arctic to equatorial.

According to the UN classification, Asia is divided into the following regions: Central Asia, East Asia, West Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia. There are currently 54 states in Asia. The borders of all these countries and capitals are marked on the political map of Asia with cities. In terms of population growth, Asia is second only to Africa. 60% of the world's population lives in Asia. China and India make up 40% of the world's population.

Asia is the ancestor of ancient civilizations - Indian, Tibetan, Babylonian, Chinese. This is due to favorable agriculture in many areas of this part of the world. The ethnic composition of Asia is very diverse. Representatives of the three main races of mankind live here - Negroid, Mongoloid, Caucasoid.