Draw a flower in the style of Gorodets painting. Gorodets painting
Gorodets painting is a wonderful painting technique that was created specifically in Russia. Often, even in kindergartens, there are lessons on the art of depicting objects and animals in unique bright colors with elements of a fairy tale.
History of Gorodets painting
Usually Gorodets painting was used to decorate wooden products. Since initially this was the folk craft of painting on wood in the Nizhny Novgorod region.
It developed in the second half of the 19th century, near the village of Gorodets, hence the name. There were a lot of forests in that area, so the material was cheap. And from it, in turn, children's toys, furniture, houses and much more were made. To decorate wooden objects, painting was used, which was not complete without bright garlands of flowers.
So it gradually spread to almost all everyday objects of people. And the images of various fairy-tale scenes and colorful colors gave the paintings a special, memorable plot.
Now this technique is still popular. You can easily find pieces of furniture, especially children's furniture, decorated with lush flowers. And since the elements are quite large, teachers in kindergartens began to use them during creative activities. step by step drawing Gorodets painting.
Elements and techniques of their execution in Gorodets painting
Real masters of Gorodets painting, first of all, pay attention to the position of the hand while working. The hand only needs to be held vertically so that it can rotate between the fingers (thumb, index and middle) without obstacles. When positioned correctly, all elements of the painting are achieved without much effort.
The painting work is carried out in two stages:
- underpainting;
- revivals.
For underpainting, use large brushes to fill the entire figure at once. For example, all horses are completely covered with black paint, except for the harness. This technique can be performed even by a five-year-old child. The main thing is to spread the paint in an even and thin layer so that there are no gaps left.
Revival is a technique by which a sketch of a drawing is transformed into a painting. In this case, thin (artistic) brushes are used. They work only with black and white paint, unlike underpainting, where any color is acceptable. Only the tip is dipped, and all details are done carefully.
Various dots and curls are applied using animate to help bring the painting to life. But they have strict enforcement rules. For example, you can only apply arcs, dots, strokes and droplets. The main thing is to touch only the end of the brush to the work so that the strokes are smooth and beautiful.
Absolutely all elements of Gorodets painting are applied without a preliminary sketch in pencil. That is why each work is individual.
How to depict flowers in Gorodets painting
To make the paintings turn out especially well, let’s look at the step-by-step drawing of Gorodets painting using flowers as an example. They are considered a symbol of health.
To master the Gorodets painting technique well enough, it is enough to learn how to draw four flowers. The work is performed in three stages, unlike other elements:
- underpainting;
- petal guidance;
- revivals.
While you are studying, and also if children are doing the work, you can use a pencil using the “Gorodets painting” drawing technique. Step-by-step drawing for children, and for adults as well, will look like this:
- Draw four circles (three identical and one smaller) on a piece of paper with a pencil.
- Take a thin brush and paint round spots with cherry paint (the first two are on the sides, and the remaining ones are in the middle)
- Using the same paint, on the first circle we draw an arc from the edge. To aim it correctly, hold the brush perpendicular to the paper. As soon as you touch, start drawing, then apply pressure, and finish again with a thin line.
- On the second circle, draw the same arc, but not along the edge, but inside. And place the petals on the edge. Make them the same way as the previous element, only smaller in size.
- On the third circle, distribute the petals around the circumference.
- In the fourth, add droplets using the blotting method. They should be placed radially around the central spot.
When you have learned to draw the elements separately, let's move on to making a flower:
- First, we draw the underpaintings - large spots of paint in the form of a circle. We take any color, usually pink or blue.
- On these circles we apply one of the selected patterns that we learned to draw - this is the stage of placing the petals.
- Now we finish the work with animations. They are done on flowers with white paint. We make neat drawings or put dots to enliven the pattern.
The image of flowers is the basis of the Gorodets painting style. Drawing such patterns step by step in kindergarten will bring children a lot of joy and teach them to be careful, since everything must be done without a sketch, and arcs and animations must be done with extreme precision.
in a kindergarten group
As we have already said, Gorodets painting is perfect for children. Let's look at how to draw Gorodets painting step by step in senior group kindergarten.
First, tell the children what Gorodets painting is and show the illustrations. To make it easier for them to do the work, do it together by drawing on a piece of paper attached to the board. Begin:
- Draw a body that looks like two droplets that look in different directions and are connected by a stick.
- Next draw the head. There is no need to complicate it, take an oval, add ears and an elongated muzzle.
- Now the legs. Small triangles in the right places, sticks from them and also triangles (hooves) at the end.
- We depict the mane and tail with yellow paint, using semicircles in the work.
- We draw a saddle (children choose the color themselves).
- We draw the eyes, bridle and decorate the saddle.
This was a step by step drawing of a horse. Gorodets painting will help children become more careful and develop their creative abilities. You can also introduce young artists to geometric shapes.
Painting the board with Gorodets painting with children
Particularly interesting for children in kindergarten will be the step-by-step drawing of Gorodets painting on wooden board as a gift to parents. You can ask the students in advance to bring materials for work from home. And the lesson itself should be structured as follows:
- We tell you a little about the history of Gorodets painting.
- We determine the center of each board and put a dot there with a pencil.
- Draw a circle with the selected color.
- When it dries, we apply petals on top (choose one flower option for everyone).
- After waiting a little, take a thin brush and apply the veins with white color.
- We allow you to add curls to the remaining space.
- We paint the outline of the board with a solid stripe of the same color as the flower.
This activity will bring a lot of impressions to the children, and the memory will last a lifetime. Recommend varnishing the board at home with your parents so that the paint does not crumble over time.
Tips for working with children in Gorodets painting
If you are planning to conduct a step-by-step drawing of Gorodets painting with your students, do not forget:
- First, complete all the elements yourself.
- Choose the same pattern for everyone.
- If you see that someone is not succeeding, help.
- Don't forget to praise the guys as they work.
- Remember that the basis of Gorodets patterns is underpainting, which is done in one color, and there should be no gaps left, and the revivals are done with a thin brush.
Gorodets painting is a drawing of elements of a fairy tale, so children will definitely like this work.
The bird in Gorodets painting is a symbol of family happiness.
Gorodets painting comes from an icon, and, just like an icon, there is a lot of symbolism in it. The bird is a symbol of family happiness.
Look at the Gorodets birds - they always have a fat belly. The bird in Gorodets painting has a distinctive silhouette: it has a flexible neck and chest line (sinusoid), a tail in the shape of a butterfly wing, a thread-like beak and legs. The traditional coloring of the bird is: the body is black, the tail is cherry red (kraplak), the wing is green. Two of these three colors are available in the set of gouache paints: black and kraplak, and Gorodets green is mixed. Gorodets birds are depicted in two stages: first, an underpainting is made with three colors with a brush - this is the body, wing and tail of the bird, and then animations are painted on it with white paint. The figure shows the most characteristic variants of the animation of the Gorodets bird. Animations are made on the bird with white paint using a thin artistic brush. Here you can use the entire arsenal of Gorodets animations: arcs, strokes, droplets, and dots.
Strokes They come in very different lengths and widths, but they are done like this: hold the brush vertically in your fingers and, barely touching the paper with the end of the brush, draw a thin line at the beginning and end with more or less pressure in the middle. Animations are made with strokes on the wing and tail of the bird, on the neck and at the bottom of the tummy.
Droplets are made using the dipping method, known to modern children since kindergarten, where they are taught this technique. Droplets are made like this: the side of the tip of an art brush (with white paint) is lightly and smoothly touched to the paper, on which a mark in the form of a drop remains.
How to place points everyone knows.
To draw arc, to do this, you need to hold the brush vertically in your fingers (perpendicular to the sheet of paper), we begin to draw an arc at first, only lightly touching the paper with the tip of the brush, then we apply strong pressure on the brush (the brush leaves a wide, smooth mark) and complete the arc again with a thin line.
Start by drawing a traditionally colored bird. Later, of course, you will try other coloring options for Gorodets birds. And yet, over time, you yourself will come to the conclusion that the traditional combination is the most successful of all.
Sequence diagram of the Gorodets bird image
Techniques writing Gorodets bird Each master has his own. They begin this work in different ways. We'll show you how it does it A.V. Sokolova.
With one stroke of a brush, rich in black paint, she paints the front bird silhouette- its beak, the curve of the neck, the convex breast, starting with a thin line of the beak and gradually thickening the stroke when painting the neck and breast of the bird.
The next stroke, also thickening downwards, seems to run around the wing. As a result, we already see a complete outline of the bird’s body and can begin to paint its richest decoration - the tail.
One of the most common options is lush, reminiscent of an open fan tail peacocks. His first feather is a free, smooth stroke from the wing to the level of the bird's head. Then a long wavy stroke is made from this first feather, ending slightly below the bird’s body. To complete the fan tail, connect the end of the wavy line to the bottom edge of the wing.
Wing drawn in the form of a teardrop-shaped leaf.
Continuing work, you need to fill in the outline of the bird's body and its tail with color - the color options here are innumerable.
In order for the bird to finally come to life, you should write to it paws. In Gorodets, expressive precepts have been developed for this case as well. First, the upper parts of the legs, similar to leaves, are attached to the body, and then the lower parts with claws are attached with a thin black brush. An amazing transformation takes place before our eyes: without legs, the bird seems to be smoothly gliding across the surface of the water, and with legs, it’s as if it’s easily jumping across the grass. A tiny detail completely changed the bird's character. At the next stage, a comb is attached to the bird's head.
Unlike colors, shading techniques are rarely used when painting birds. The red fan tail is decorated with dark (speckled) feathers. They fan out from the wing and even protrude beyond the edges of the colored silhouette of the bird's tail. Feathers are written with long, smooth movements of the brush with slight pressure and bending, starting from the top feather and ending with the bottom. In this case, the feathers are located at such a distance from each other that you can subsequently work with whitewash. The markings are made with whitewash: the bird's eye is painted, small feathers on the chest, and the wing is decorated with graceful spiral and hatching.
The completion of the work will be cutting the bright tail of the bird with white - wide soft feathers will appear between the dark red feathers white. The hand that writes them must be firm, flexible and calculating. Then a rhythm will appear in the pattern of the feathers and they will become truly beautiful.
Sequence of painting a bird - Gorodets pheasant
WORLD OF CITY BIRDS as rich and inexhaustible as the world of Gorodets flowers. Here there are proud black roosters with fiery crests and busy "Ryaba hens", black starlings and white swans, stately peacocks decorously performing among flowers and grasses, and a great many unusual, fabulous birds.
Types of Gorodets birds
Birds in the subject of Gorodets painting
Products with Gorodets painting. Birds
Rice. on right: F.N. Kasatova. Birds. Panel. 1995 SPGIMZ. The coloristic solution of the panel is based on the nuances of color and tone. The completeness and lightness of the pattern are given by elegant white and colored revivals, made in slightly muted colors.
Rice. left: A.E. Konovalov. Birds. Dish. 1970s Painting on wood texture (without first applying a background) appeared in the industry in the late 1950s. due to economic difficulties (lack of paint). It has been preserved to this day and has become a kind of technique that introduces the texture of wood into the artistic structure of the work.
Rice. on right: N.S. Privalovskaya. Cutting board. 1995
Rice. left: A.E. Konovalov. Birds. High chair. 1950s Gorodets Historical and Art Museum Complex.
LESSON No. 1. Acquaintance with the traditional motif of Gorodets painting - the “bird”.
Organization of the lesson. Children should be introduced to Gorodets stories in which this motif is present. Show the children each stage of painting. Birds are usually drawn starting from the wing, then the chest is drawn, and the line is drawn focusing on the line of the wing. After this, the remaining parts of the body are finished. When the outline is drawn, the entire surface of the drawing is painted over, leaving only the main internal lines. After this, they begin reviving, that is, detailed elaboration of the image using thin strokes, strokes and applying more light shades on the circuit.
Completing the task. Children independently complete the symmetrical composition by placing a Gorodets pheasant in the right or left part of the panel.
LESSON No. 2. Getting to know the image various types Gorodets birds.
Organization of the lesson. The image of a bird in Slavic mythology is associated with a dream of heaven. Our ancestors believed that on the other side of the clouds there was a magical garden - “Iriy”. There grows a world tree, at the top of which live amazing birds. Birds also served as intermediaries between the earth and powerful heavenly forces, on which human life largely depended. The teacher tells children about the image of birds in decorative and applied arts, about the symbolism and mythology associated with the image of birds in folk art; shows and names Gorodets birds.
Completing the task. Children independently choose a bird to copy and randomly fit it into the proposed frame.
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution
Higher professional education
"Vladimir State University named after Alexander Grigorievich and Nikolai Grigorievich Stoletov"
Faculty:
Institute of Arts and Art Education
Abstract on the topic:
Gorodets painting on wood.
Work completed
Student of the Xgg-112 group
Illarionova Natalya.
Scientific director
Vartsava R.M.
G. Vladimir 2012
History of Gorodets painting.
Technique of Gorodets masters
Elements, subjects and techniques of Gorodets painting
Composition in Gorodets painting
Bibliography
Illustrations.
History of Gorodets painting
The painting, which is now called Gorodets, was born in the Volga region, in villages located on the banks of the clean and bright Uzory River. In the villages of Koskovo, Kurtsevo, Khlebaikha, Repino, Savino, Boyarskoye, etc. In the 18th century. a center for the production of spinning bottoms and toys emerges. The peasants took their products to sell at a fair in the village of Gorodets. Therefore, the painting done on these products was called Gorodetsaya. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language V.I. Dalia explains that the word “bottom” means “a plank on which our spinner sits, sticking a comb into it.” Having finished the work, she took out the comb and hung the bottom on the wall, and it decorated the hut. Therefore, folk craftsmen paid special attention to decorating the boards with carvings and paintings. The spinning wheel was a faithful companion throughout the peasant woman’s life. It often served as a gift: the groom gave it to the bride, the father to the daughter, the husband to the wife. Therefore, the bottom was chosen to be elegant and colorful, to the joy and surprise of everyone. The spinning wheel was passed down from generation to generation, it was taken care of and stored. To decorate the boards, the craftsmen used a unique technique - inlay, which is very rarely found in folk art. The figures were cut out of a different type of wood and inserted into recesses corresponding to the shape. These inserts, made of dark bog oak, stood out in relief against the light surface of the bottom. Having wood in two shades and taking advantage of the most simple tool, folk craftsmen turned the bottom into a work of art. Later, the craftsmen also began to use bottom tinting. The bright combination of a yellow background with dark oak, the addition of blue, green, and red colors made it elegant and colorful. From the second half of the 19th century V. the complex and labor-intensive technique of inlay was replaced by bracket carving with tinting, and then the pictorial manner of decoration began to predominate. The subjects of ancient Gorodets painting were images of birds, flowers, horse riders, young ladies and gentlemen, and scenes from folk life. Nowadays, the traditions of the old masters are being sought to be revived and enriched by folk craftsmen working at the Gorodets Painting factory of art products in the city of Gorodets. Among them there are laureates of the award named after. I.E. Repina. This is L.F. Bespalova, F.N. Kasatova, A.E. Konovalov, L.A. Kubatkina, T.M. Rukina, A.V. Sokolova.
Technique of Gorodets masters
Tools and materials. For painting, it is advisable to have three brushes: squirrel brush (No. 2 or No. 3), core brush (No. 1 or No. 2) and flute brush (No. 2 or No. 3). A flute is a flat brush made of soft hair that is used for underpainting and framing. Nowadays, Gorodets artists paint products with oil and tempera paints. Eight are required: black, white, scarlet, kraplak red (cherry), cobalt blue light (bright blue), yellow, chromium oxide and red iron oxide. Another paint is also needed - cinnabar (bright red). To get the color scheme of Gorodets painting, you need to mix paints. In addition to those that are in the gouache set, you need to get four new paints: light blue, light pink, light ocher and Gorodets green (Fig. 1). To get light blue, add a little light cobalt blue to white paint (zinc white) (bright blue paint). Light pink is obtained by mixing white paint with cinnabar or white paint with scarlet. For light ocher, use light yellow and a little red iron oxide.
Elements, subjects and techniques of Gorodets painting
At the beginning of training, it is very important to learn how to hold a brush correctly. It must be in a strictly vertical position relative to the work (Fig. 2). The elbow is fixed, and the hand is completely free to make continuous plastic strokes, both on smooth planes and on spherical or cylindrical surfaces. While working, you can lean on your protruding little finger, lightly touching the product with it. Ornament occupies a significant place in wood painting. An ornament is a pictorial, graphic or sculptural decoration made from a combination of geometric, plant or animal elements. The main elements of Gorodets painting are circles, brackets, dots, drops, arcs, strokes, spirals (Fig. 3). It is important to understand the difference between the concepts of “pattern” and “ornament”. A pattern is a drawing that is a combination of lines, colors, and shadows. They, brought into a certain system, rhythmically ordered, will make up the ornament. Mastering painting of the pictorial type, to which Gorodetskaya belongs, they do it without first drawing the outline of the design. Gorodets painting is carried out in three stages. The first is underpainting, i.e. circular motion with the brush, applying one color spot. The underpainting is done with a wide flat brush - flute or squirrel brush No. 3. If there is not enough paint, the underpainting will turn out pale and inexpressive; if there is a lot, then when it dries the paint will begin to peel off. The second stage is shade (or shade), i.e. applying the brace. To draw a bracket correctly, first you just need to lightly touch the tip of the brush and draw a thin line; towards the middle, press the brush firmly, and finish the bracket again with a thin line. Make sure that the brush is perpendicular. The third stage is revival (or unzivka), i.e. fine cutting of ornamental forms with white. Revivals are always applied to monochromatic silhouettes, which gives them some volume. People begin to master Gorodets painting by painting flowers, which are depicted mainly in a circle. Gorodets flowers vary in color and shape. Flowers in Gorodets painting are a symbol of health and prosperity. Buds (Fig. 7) are a type of Gorodets flowers. First, apply the main color spot (underpainting) in a circular motion with a brush. Then they begin the detailed development of the ornament (shadow). It is made in black, burgundy or red. Develop the bud by moving the brush, applying one color spot.
The shape of the bud depends on how the brackets are positioned. It may have one or more parentheses. If there are a lot of brackets, you need to start drawing with the smallest ones, gradually increasing them in size and bringing them closer to the edge of the underpainting. It must be remembered that the buds are always small in size. At the end, the revives are applied with white. Kupavka is the most common flower in Gorodets ornament. Its underpainting is larger in size than the bud. They start painting with a small circle along its edge, then make a bracket inside the circle. Brackets are drawn along the edge of the underpainting, the same shape as the bracket inside the underpainting, only smaller in size. Brackets along its edge are drawn, starting from the center, gradually reducing them in size to the core. The final stage of painting - revitalization is usually done with whitewash. Applying the revival requires very careful and precise execution, so it must be done with a confident stroke with a thin brush. Rose reflects the main characteristics of a flower, i.e. has petals and a pronounced center. Silhouette in the shape of a circle. The size may be larger than the kupavka. The center of the flower is drawn in the middle. The rose in the Gorodets painting is surrounded by brackets - petals of the same size, the color of which matches the color of the middle. The technique for painting the brackets is the same as for the kupavka. The development options for revitalization are so diverse that it is difficult to name even the most common ones. Gorodets artists use dots, brackets, drops, and spirals. The chamomile flower is not complicated in its execution technique. Lightly touch the surface of the paper with the tip of the brush, leaving a thin mark on it. Then, without looking up from the surface, quickly apply and lift the brush. The result is a drop-like stroke - thin at the beginning and wide at the end. Like a rose, it has a core, only drop petals are drawn around it. The rose is the most complex flower. The painting begins with the underpainting - the main volume of the flower-circle; a central rounded petal is added to it at the bottom, followed by smaller petals in a circle down to the very core, which occupies the center of the upper part of the flower.
After the silhouette of the flower is created, they begin to develop it: the elements of the central part are limited by a large bracket and turned towards the core. The arc-bracket and the core in the upper part of the flower are painted in black, burgundy and red. The edges of the petals can be outlined with the same paint as the core. The most difficult thing about a rose is its revival. Inside the arc-bracket, first draw a small bracket with a linear cut. Then two to four drops are drawn on both sides of the arc, depending on the free space inside the arc. Small brackets are drawn outside the arc. Inside the arc-bracket you can draw stamen points. Gorodets leaves are very diverse in shape, size and color. They are almost always arranged in groups of five, three or two leaves.
A simple Gorodets leaf is depicted in the form of a pumpkin seed. A more complex one is written like this: draw a smooth arc with a brush and connect it with a curved line, making sure that the sheet remains wide at one end. The leaves are always wide, rounded and splayed. Leaves are depicted in two stages: with underpainting and animation. If the underpainting is done with Gorodets green paint, then the revival is done with black paint, if with Gorodets dark green paint, then white is added to the black revivals. The Gorodets bird is a symbol of family happiness. Birds are depicted in various versions: a proud peacock, a frowning turkey, a cocky rooster, and a fairy-tale bird. They begin to write them with a smooth line depicting the bend of the neck and chest, then a line is drawn that defines the shape of the head and back, then the line of the wing, thread-like beak and legs are determined. Most often, the body is painted black, the wing is painted over with Gorodets green paint. The tail is written in different ways, for example, it is limited on both sides by lines that define its silhouette and painted over. It is best to do this in scarlet. In another case, each tail feather is painted in two colors. The development of birds begins with the head and ends with the tail. The revivals are done with whitewash, applying thin strokes.
The Gorodets horse is a symbol of wealth. It is mostly black in color, with a small head on a steeply arched neck and a neatly combed mane. Masters depict it in several ways. Some use loose strokes to write the outline of the entire figure and only then paint over it. Others build the figure of a horse with spots of color, starting with the largest vertical element - the chest and neck. The outlines of the harness and saddle, the back and abdominal parts of the body are added to them. The plane limited by the lines of the harness and saddle remains light in this version. Most often, the saddle and harness are made in scarlet, and the details of the head and legs of the tail are made with white.
Gorodets bird
Hello everyone! Today we have art on our agenda. Do you have any painted wooden bowl or spoon in bright golden-red colors in your home? Or maybe you inherited a joyful rocking horse with patterns? Then perhaps you already know what Gorodets painting is.
Well, if you still have a little meager idea about the Gorodets masters, then I suggest you get acquainted with their interesting creativity closer.
Lesson plan:
Where did Gorodets art come from?
The story of one of the highest achievements folk art- Gorodets painting - began in the 19th century. Peasants lived on both banks of the Volga River in villages named Kurtsevo, Savino, Koskovo and others, who made carved spinning wheels and sold them at fairs.
And they decorated this carving to make their creations brighter.
Later, decorative drawing completely replaced wood carving from spinning wheels, and such painted art began to be called “Nizhny Novgorod painting”, and the masters themselves were called “Kurtsev dyers”.
This is interesting! Not everyone knows that the development of wood carving in Gorodets is due to Peter I, who asked each ship to be decorated wood carving, showing Russian power and the talent of the Russian people. When construction moved closer to the seashores in the 18th century, Russian craftsmen found another use for their talent - they began to make spoons and bowls, cups and spinning wheels from wood.
It is believed that Gorodets painting flourished with the appearance in the village of Kurtsevo in 1870 of an icon painter from Gorodets named Ogurechnikov, who was invited to revive the painting of the Kurtsevo church. It was he who taught local craftsmen to apply paint in layers, enliven the picture with whitewash and give expressiveness to the drawing.
Starting painting with spinning wheels, Kurtsev craftsmen slowly began to hone their acquired skills on dishes, baskets, toys for children, and boxes. Unique lush bouquets, black horses, and strange birds appeared in the houses. They “drank tea” and “had festivities” on the tree.
Only in the 30s of the 20th century did the name of this painting on wood appear, which today we know and hear - “Gorodets painting”, and all thanks to the fact that such decorated household utensils were sold in the nearby town of Gorodets, and workshops operated.
There's a girl on the board
Or a daring fellow,
Miracle horse and miracle bird, -
So this is Gorodets!
How is Gorodets painting different?
It is difficult to confuse Gorodets craftsmanship with others, because this particular painting is replete with bright garlands and lush bouquets. Only here you will see all the pompousness of the plots along with the sincerity of the common people.
One has only to look at the objects painted in the Gorodets style, and you will immediately find yourself:
- on a walk as a horse rider;
- at the table during tea drinking, surrounded by rich decoration;
- together with hunters in the forest;
- in a circle of cheerful and carefree city people;
- or at the spinning wheel.
In addition to depicting the life of peasants and merchants, Gorodets artists could depict mystical animals. But no matter what theme was present in the drawing, it was always decorated with garlands of flowers.
From the very beginning, Gorodets painting was applied with egg paints in the form of large spots, without contours. Masters could make free-form brushstrokes, then outlining the elements with a black or white line. Favorite background colors:
- green;
- bright red;
- black;
- juicy blue.
Today, craftsmen in factories use oil paints, which gives them a greater variety of color, but the features of the Gorodets painting motifs have been preserved. The technology of painting on wood has also remained the same.
Yellow evening, black horse,
And the baths are like fire,
Birds look from the casket -
This is a painting of Gorodets!
How to draw in Gorodets
Gorodets craftsmen have their own technology for painting on wood. Initially, artists use a pencil to draw a thin line over the future drawing, outlining the location of its elements and their dimensions. The wooden base can be pre-coated with primer paint in one of the shades - red, yellow or black. Professionals do not waste time on sketching, but paint straight away.
For Gorodets painting, a special paint is used - tempera, which is made from natural or artificial powders. Sometimes craftsmen use gouache as an assistant and add PVA glue to it. But whatever the paint, the most important thing is its rich color, which is what distinguishes the painting from Gorodets.
The basis of all elements is drawn in white, this is called shading. Then the details are applied to the light tone with thin strokes. They do this with dark shades, which is why this step is called shading. At the last stage of painting, using the thinnest brush, they do the so-called livening with black paint and livening with white paint in the form of dots and shading.
When the finished work is completely dry, it is coated with varnish. In general, it’s not that difficult. Want to try? Then read about what Gorodets masters usually paint.
Where are the buckets and rocking horses?
Very joyful colors
These are all wonderful works
Gorodets masters.
Gorodets compositions
Gorodets painting has three types of designs.
Flower theme
The simplest and therefore often used. It can be a single flower with leaves or a floral pattern in the form of bouquets, flower garlands, diamonds, stripes and wreaths. Bouquets are often drawn on kitchen boards and tableware, glasses, bowls and salt shakers.
Garlands are found on bread bins, furniture for children and souvenir boxes. Flower rhombuses decorate cabinets and benches. Stripes are used for painting three-dimensional objects, for example, to decorate a round box, or as an edging in a plot. The edges of the product are often painted with wreaths.
Composition with drawing of a bird or horse
It is often used to paint large items - tableware, bread bins, children's furniture, but sometimes this theme can be seen on an ordinary spoon. Such images look very beautiful on a black or red background.
Plot
The most difficult painting, which can be dedicated to dates or a feast, fairy tales or modern life. Typically, such drawings are elongated along a horizontal line. The picture may consist of several parts, separated by columns, curtains or other interior items. Sometimes in one story you can see several characters in different rooms.
Gorodets artists always depict grooms on horseback, and brides standing near birch trees. In scenes with a feast, the tables are always full of dishes, and the obligatory symbol on them is a samovar. Sometimes Gorodets artists paint entire villages with houses, wells, streets, and churches.
Today modern masters The Gorodets Painting factories continue old traditions, creating masterpieces of artistic crafts in the form of boxes, bread bins, toys and furniture.
Flowers drawn
Unprecedented beauty.
There is no end to that beauty
This is all from Gorodets!
You can learn even more about the history of painting, see how real masters work and admire their works by watching this video.
So you got to know Gorodets painting better. If you are interested, you can now try to make it yourself beautiful gift mom for the holiday by painting a cutting board or box in Gorodets style.
Well, for your teacher and classmates the best gift will become your interesting research project, dedicated to the work of Gorodets masters.
Good luck in your studies!
Evgenia Klimkovich.
Many of us learned in drawing lessons about the existence of this naive, but so sunny and kind - Gorodets painting. Young ladies walk on painted boards, thin-legged horses gallop, unprecedented flowers grow...
Gorodets is a city in the Nizhny Novgorod Trans-Volga region, on the left bank of the Volga. It is one of the oldest Russian fortified cities. Gorodets is the birthplace of a wide variety of crafts. It was famous for its wood carving (“blind” house carving), the production of spinning wheels inlaid with bog oak (the plank on which the spinner sits), Gorodets painting, and carved gingerbread boards.
The emergence of Gorodets painting is associated with the production of wooden spinning wheels in villages located near Gorodets. The production of Donets contributed to the emergence of an original local pictorial style.
Horsemen, carriages, ladies, soldiers, gentlemen, dogs - this is the pantheon of images created with the help of a technique and style of carved Gorodets Donets found nowhere else. Details and accompanying motifs were cut into the inset figures of horses and people made of bog oak - tree trunks and branches, silhouettes of birds sitting on them. Compositionally, the surface of the inlaid bottom was divided into two or three tiers. In the upper tier, two horsemen were depicted on the sides of a flowering tree with a bird on the branches; dogs were depicted at the roots of the tree. The second tier was occupied by an ornamental strip; the lower tier contained genre plot motifs.
Compositions with horses, riders, trees and dogs still live in Gorodets paintings. There are a variety of fantasies on the theme of strolls of gentlemen and ladies, but horses are firmly preserved among the traditional motifs. The image of a horse represents the idea of beauty and strength.
In the middle of the 19th century, a transition was made from inlaying the bottoms to their painting. This process begins with tinting the carved bottoms. Craftsmen begin to enliven the light tone of wood and black oak inserts with color.
A freer painting technique made it possible to create new subjects and taught the beauty of a free brushstroke, allowing one to paint without first drawing an outline.
Each master had his own favorite shades of color and their combination. At the same time, they used general techniques to create a competent color scheme. Gorodets masters knew how to create a balance of colorful spots on the surface of an object, achieving unity of color and completeness of painting.
The Gorodets painting took about 50 years to complete. The style of this painting takes shape, the Gorodets ornament is born, in which large color shapes and spots, spare and laconic, become decisive.
In addition to the Donets, they painted children's wheelchairs and chairs. Close to the style of the painted Donets were the paintings of mochesniks - bast boxes in which skeins of yarn were folded. They wrote wedding scenes with horses, grooms, and gatherings: “a spinner and a gentleman talking,” “a bird in a tree,” “a dog near a tree.”
The period of 1870-1900, associated with the general rapid development of the fishing activities of the inhabitants of the forest Trans-Volga region, is marked by the final formation of the Gorodets painting style.
After the decline experienced by the crafts at the beginning of the 20th century and the almost complete cessation of their activities in the First world war, revival was a difficult matter. 1930s public art workshops are organized.
In 1951, a trade carpentry, furniture and art artel was established in the village of Kurtsevo, with Aristarkh Konovalov, a hereditary master of Gorodets painting, elected as its chairman. His mother and uncle, grandfather and great-grandfather worked in the industry.
Since 1954, the production of children's furniture with Gorodets painting began. In 1957, a Gorodets painting class was opened at the Semenovskaya vocational school. The range of manufactured items is expanding very slowly, the famous Gorodets rocking horse appears, and narrative paintings are beginning to be revived. In 1960, the artel was transformed into the “Gorodets Painting” factory, and in December 1965, the Kurtsev factory merged with the Gorodets furniture factory into one enterprise, which received the common name “Gorodets Painting”. In 1969, an experimental and creative laboratory was created at the factory, in which Faina Nikiforovna Kasatova began working, and in 1970 A.V. Sokolov and L.F. Bespalova, N.A. Stolesnikova. Beautiful craftswomen of L.A. appear. Kubatkina, T.N. Rukina, P.F. Sorina, G.N. Timofeeva, N.N. Noskova. It is with the work of the experimental laboratory that the search for new plot compositions is connected.
The choice of the first works fell on the themes and compositions of feasts with tea drinking at the samovar. All searches were initially based on diligently following the techniques of the old masters. At the same time, there was a search for the type of products in the painting of which it would be advisable to place subjects. This work was carried out with the help of the Institute of Art Industry. The most original work of these years was the rectangular panel of Liliya Fedorovna Bespalova “Art Council”. In this composition, instead of dishes and a samovar, the scheme of a traditional Gorodets feast includes art products townspeople. Under the guidance of the laboratory’s artists, the quality of the work of Gorodets craftswomen is gradually improving, 60 of whom are starting to work in the author’s group. They paint bread bins, decorative wall plates, shelves with sets of supplies or cutting boards, cake boards, supplies, caskets, etc.
In 1985, six Gorodets artists became laureates of the State Prize of the RSFSR named after. I.E. Repina.
The dominant color of Gorodets paintings is either bright yellow chrome or cinnabar. They are usually the dominant color, the background of the entire painting as a whole; blue, green and sometimes “whitened” tones (pink, blue) are used to write a pattern, black and white are used to work out details.
Materials: Tempera. You can use gouache with the addition of PVA glue.
Each primary color is made up of two shades: one bleached, the other more saturated.
The order of painting:
A) The painting is done directly on a wooden base or the base is primed with yellow, red, black colors.
B) On the cutting board or surface of another object chosen for painting, the composition of the future pattern is outlined with thin lines in pencil. The main thing is to outline the location and size of the main, brightest spots - for example, flowers. These are the nodes of the composition. The middle parts - unopened buds - connect the large parts with each other; small ones - twigs, leaves - complement the theme and have little effect on the overall composition.
IN) At the nodes of the composition, as a rule, spots of a regular round shape are applied with a wide brush - the base of the flower.
G) Thin strokes are applied over the light spots with a second, darker color of the same shade, for example, blue on blue - a stroke. The outline of the stroke is a drawing one, depicting the contours of the petals of a flower. At the same stage, leaves are depicted between the large elements, the shape of which is obtained with two or three brush strokes.
The entire painting consists of elements: underpainting circles, brackets, drops, dots, arcs, spirals, strokes.
D) The final stage of painting is applying strokes and dots with black and white paint. This technique is called “revival” and gives the work a finished look. Done with the thinnest brush.
E) After the tempera has dried, the product can be coated with colorless varnish.
The most common motives are:
flowers - roses, roses with symmetrical leaves;
animals - horse, bird
“The Tree of Life” is a traditional plot that personifies nature. On both sides of the “tree”, horses or birds can be depicted.
Horsemen, carriages, ladies, soldiers, gentlemen, dogs are traditional for the Gorodets story painting.
There are three types of composition in Gorodets painting:
- flower painting;
- floral painting with the inclusion of the “horse” and “bird” motif;
- story painting.
So,
This type is most often used and is the easiest to perform. In a less complex version, the work may depict a single flower with leaves radiating from it. In a more complex version, for example, a stripe of floral patterns is often depicted on the side walls, and the lid is decorated with flowers inscribed in a circle. On the lids of bread boxes, flowers are usually arranged in a rectangle or diamond shape.
In floral patterns, the following most common types of patterns can be distinguished:
“Bouquet” - depicted symmetrically. Usually written on cutting boards or dishes.
“Garland” is a type of “bouquet” when one or two large flowers are located in the center, with smaller flowers with leaves spreading out from them. They can fit into a circle, a strip, or be positioned in a crescent shape (on corner screens). This type of floral design composition is most often used when painting cutting boards, bread bins, boxes, dishes, and children's furniture.
“Rhombus” is one of the variants of the “garland”, when one or more flowers are written in the center, forming the center, and buds and leaves, gradually decreasing towards the tops of the diamond, are located along its imaginary edges. This floral arrangement can most often be seen on rectangular cutting boards, chests, benches, cabinet doors, and bread bins.
“Flower stripe” has been preserved in the Gorodets craft since painted spinning wheels, where it separated the upper and lower tiers. Depending on what product it is written on, it can represent a repeating ribbon composition of flowers of the same size, separated by pairs of leaves, or the same composition in which alternate: flowers of the same size, but different in design; flowers of the same size, but different in color; flowers, different in design, color and size. Such ornamental stripes are usually used when painting three-dimensional items, such as round boxes. A narrow ornamental strip encircles the plot compositions. The wider strip is the middle tier in a three-tier composition.
“Wreath” - resembles a “flower strip”, but only closed along the edge of a dish or box lid. Floral arrangements are usually symmetrical in the arrangement of motifs and color distribution.
Just like in flower painting, in products depicting a horse and a bird, the motifs can be symmetrical. They are located on the sides of a flowering tree or inside a flower garland. Sometimes, among a symmetrically written floral pattern, there are two birds, asymmetrical in design, sometimes different in color. Sometimes, when a master makes a composition from several objects (for example, cutting boards), symmetry appears in the composition of the two extreme ones. On the outer boards, various flower motifs can be depicted, or when writing birds, two motifs will be used: “rooster” and “hen”.
Note: The images of “rooster” and “horse” are symbols of the sun, wishes for happiness. The images of “rooster” and “hen” symbolize family well-being, wishes for the family to have many children.
Performed on large products: panels, chests and large boxes, cutting boards and dishes. The composition is similar to the composition of gift spinning wheels, such as: painting in two or three tiers (in the upper part the main plot is written with a feast, date, walk, departure, etc., in the lower part the plots help to reveal this topic). The middle part separating the tiers is presented in the form of a floral stripe. Another option is also possible: the main plot is depicted, surrounded by a floral stripe.
Interior: scenes of feasts, tea parties, weddings are performed against the background of a window with the obligatory inclusion of a table. The table is filled with cups, a samovar or a vase of flowers (a symbol of wealth and prosperity). The composition can include curtains and clocks.
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