The originality of the speech characteristics of Ostrovsky's heroes. Speech characteristics of Katerina
The play “The Thunderstorm” is one of the most famous in Ostrovsky’s work. A bright, social drama, the events of which take place in the 19th century in the town of Kalinov. Women's images in the play deserve special attention. They are colorful and unique. The image and characterization of Kabanikha in the play “The Thunderstorm” are undoubtedly important in the work. She is the main despot and tyrant in the play. She is also responsible for Katerina's death. Kabanikha’s goal is to subjugate as much as possible more people, in order to impose on them the morals, traditions and laws sacredly observed by her. True fear crept into her soul when she realized that a new time was approaching, a time of change that she was unable to resist.
Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova- she is Kabanikha. Widow. Merchant's wife. Mother of Varvara and Tikhon.
Image and characteristics
The surname Kabanova suits the main character very accurately, characterizing her from the first minutes. A wild animal is capable of attacking a person without a good reason, and so is the Kabanikha. Furious, ferocious. She is capable of “biting to death” a person if she doesn’t like him, which is what happened with Katerina, whom the widow simply killed off. It is impossible to please her. She will always find something to complain about, no matter how hard you try.
Kabanikha, after the death of her husband, was left with two small children in her arms. There was no time to be sad. I had to take care of and raise Varvara and Tikhon. Brother and sister are completely different in character and appearance, although they were raised the same.
Powerful, despotic woman, keeping not only household members, but also the entire neighborhood in fear.
“Your mommy is too cool...”
To subjugate and rule is her credo. I am absolutely convinced that the family is built on fear and subordination of the younger to the elder. “Don’t judge your older self! They know more than you. Old people have signs for everything.” He sees nothing abnormal in his attitude towards children.
“After all, out of love your parents are strict with you, out of love they scold you, everyone thinks to teach you good.”
Religious. This is not the faith of a religious fanatic who sacredly observes all fasts and God's laws. More like a tribute to tradition. She performs rituals automatically, without really delving into the process and its meaning. She has no faith in forgiveness and mercy. For her, the main thing is strict adherence to patriarchal orders. This is sacred.
“Well, I’ll go and pray to God; Do not bother me…".
She is no less demanding of those around her than of herself. What people themselves think about this and what feelings they experience is deeply indifferent to her.
Nerd. I am constantly dissatisfied with everything. Grumps with or without reason. It's hard to please her. Her own family annoys her, especially her son and daughter-in-law. This is where Kabanikha has a blast. He pokes his nose into their lives, interfering with advice. He believes that after his marriage the son lost interest in his mother, turning into a doormat and a henpecked man.
“Maybe you loved your mother while you were single. Do you care about me, you have a young wife.”
Daughter-in-law is a separate issue. The daughter-in-law's behavior is out of the ordinary. She doesn’t follow traditions and doesn’t care about her husband. Completely out of hand. Old age is not respected or honored.
Self-confident. I am convinced that she is doing everything right. He sincerely believes that if you maintain the ancient order and way of life, the house will not suffer from external chaos. The farm is managed harshly, worse than a peasant. Showing emotions is not typical for her. In her opinion, this is unnecessary. At the slightest sign of rebellion on the part of the family, Kabanikha nips everything in the bud. Any misconduct on their part entails punishment. She is immediately infuriated if young people try to cross her. Strangers are closer to her than her son and daughter-in-law.
“Prude, sir! He gives money to the poor, but completely eats up his family...”
He will say a kind word and reward him with alms.
Loves money. The boar is used to being in charge of the entire household. She is sure that the one who has more cash in his pocket is right. Having settled the resident praying mantises, she hears their laudatory speeches addressed to her every day. The flattering grandmothers completely fooled her. Kabanikha doesn’t even allow the thought that she might do something wrong. With their conversations about the end of the world, the old women support Kabanikha’s idea of life on earth.
Columbus Zamoskvorechye. Most famous plays A.N. Ostrovsky. The play "The Thunderstorm" was written in 1859. How Katerina was raised. The meaning of the title of the play "The Thunderstorm". Dictionary. The main theme of "Thunderstorms". The idea of the drama "The Thunderstorm". Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky. Katerina's classes. Human feelings. Two conflicts. Maly Academic Art Theater. Love. Controversy surrounding the play. Zamoskvorechye. National Theatre.
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Slide 1
Slide 2
In 1845 Ostrovsky worked in
Moscow Commercial Court
clerical official.
The whole world opened up before him
dramatic conflicts. So
the talent of the future master was nurtured
speech characteristics of the characters in their
plays.
Ostrovsky in the drama "The Thunderstorm" very clearly
shows all the global difference between
old patriarchal views and
new. All the most important features are clearly visible
characters' characters, their reactions to
developing events. Let's consider
speech characteristics of Kabanikha.
Slide 3
Kabanikha is an old man
morality. She watches everywhere
house building rules. In everything
she sees the new one as a threat
the established course of things, she
condemns youth for
she has no "due"
respect." Kabanova is scary
not by fidelity to antiquity, but
tyranny "under the guise
piety."
Kabanova.
“It’s funny to look at them...
they don't know anything
order. Say goodbye somehow
they don’t know how... What will happen, how
old people will die as it happens
the light will stand, I don’t even know.”
Slide 4
Kabanikha forces everyone at home
dance to your tune. She forces
Tikhon said goodbye to him in the old-fashioned way
with his wife, causing laughter and feeling
regrets among others. The whole family
lives in fear of her. Tikhon,
completely depressed overbearing
mother, lives only by desire
- get out somewhere and take a walk.
“I, it seems, mamma, from your will
not a single step."
“As soon as he leaves, he’ll start drinking. He is now
listens and thinks how he can
get out quickly."
Slide 5
Kuligin calls her a “hypocrite” and
says she's a beggar
clothes, but eats the family
at all". This characterizes
a merchant's wife with a bad side.
Kabanikha in her speech
tries to pretend to be kind and
affectionate, although sometimes
speech detects
her negative traits
character, for example passion for
money.
Katerina.
“Come on, come on, don’t be afraid! Sin!
I've seen for a long time that you have a wife
sweeter than mother. Since
got married, I can already see from you
I don’t see love.”
Slide 6
Tikhon's sister, Varvara,
also experiences
all the hardships of family
situation. However, in
unlike Tikhon, she
has a harder
character and lacking
insolence, albeit secretly, not
obey your mother.
“I found a place of instruction
read."
“And I was not a liar, yes
learned when needed
became."
Slide 7
Kabanikha is very pious and
religious. But before
opens up to us
scary and tyrannical
essence of Kabanikha. She
managed to subjugate
everyone, keeps everything under
control, she even
trying to control
relationships
people, which leads
Katerina to death.
The boar is cunning and smart,
difference from the Wild one, and this
makes her more
scary.
Slide 8
Kabanikha has no doubts about moral righteousness
relations of patriarchal life, but also confidence in them
there is no indestructibility either. On the contrary, she feels
almost the last guardian of this
"correct" world order, and the expectation that from its
Chaos will come with death, adds tragedy to her figure.
As is known, in classical works There are several types of heroes in fairy tales. This article will focus on the antagonist-protagonist pair. This opposition will be examined using the example of Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm”. The main character of this play, in other words, the protagonist is a young girl Katerina Kabanova. She is opposed, that is, is an antagonist, by Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova. Using the example of comparisons and analysis of actions, we will give a more complete description of Kabanikha in the play “The Thunderstorm”.
First, let's look at the list characters: Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova (Kabanikha) - an old merchant's wife, a widow. Her husband died, so the woman had to raise two children alone, manage the household and take care of business. Agree, this is quite difficult at the present time. Despite the fact that the merchant's nickname is indicated in parentheses, the author never calls her that. The text contains remarks from Kabanova, not Kabanikha. With such a technique, the playwright wanted to emphasize the fact that people call a woman this way among themselves, but they personally address her with respect. That is, in fact, the residents of Kalinov do not like this man, but they are afraid of him.
Initially, the reader learns about Marfa Ignatievna from the lips of Kuligin. The self-taught mechanic calls her “a hypocrite who has eaten up everyone at home.” Kudryash only confirms these words. Next, a wanderer, Feklusha, appears on the stage. Her judgment about Kabanikha is exactly the opposite: quote. As a result of this disagreement, additional interest in this character arises. Marfa Ignatievna appears on stage already in the first act, and the reader or viewer is given the opportunity to verify the veracity of Kuligin’s words.
Kabanikha is not happy with the way her son behaves. She teaches him to live, despite the fact that his son is already an adult and has been married for a long time. Marfa Ignatievna shows herself as a grumpy, domineering woman. Her daughter-in-law Katerina behaves differently. In general, it is quite interesting to trace the similarities and differences of these characters throughout the play.
In theory, both Kabanikha and Katerina should love Tikhon. For one he is a son, for another he is a husband. However, neither Katya nor Marfa Ignatievna approached Tikhon true love don't feed. Katya feels sorry for her husband, but does not love him. And Kabanikha treats him as a guinea pig, as a creature on whom you can take out your aggression and test methods of manipulation, while hiding behind maternal love. Everyone knows that the most important thing for every mother is the happiness of her child. But Marfa Kabanova in “The Thunderstorm” is not at all interested in Tikhon’s opinion. Through years of tyranny and dictatorship, she was able to teach her son that the lack of his own point of view is quite normal. Even observing how carefully and, in some moments, tenderly Tikhon treats Katerina, Kabanikha always tries to destroy their relationship.
Many critics argued about the strength or weakness of Katerina’s character, but no one doubted the strength of Kabanikha’s character. This is a truly cruel person who tries to subjugate those around him. She should rule the state, but she has to waste her “talents” on her family and provincial town. Varvara, the daughter of Marfa Kabanova, chose pretense and lies as a way of coexistence with her oppressive mother. Katerina, on the contrary, resolutely opposes her mother-in-law. They seemed to take two positions, truth and lie, defending them. And in their conversations that Kabanikha should not categorically blame Katya for mistakes and various sins, the struggle of light and darkness, truth and the “dark kingdom”, of which Kabanikha is a representative, emerges through the everyday background.
Katerina and Kabanikha are Orthodox Christians. But their faith is completely different. For Katerina, faith that comes from within is much more important. For her, the place of prayer is not important. The girl is devout, she sees the presence of God throughout the world, and not just in the church building. Marfa Ignatievna’s religiosity can be called external. For her, rituals and strict adherence to rules are important. But behind all this obsession with practical manipulations, faith itself disappears. Also, for Kabanikha it turns out to be important to observe and maintain old traditions, despite the fact that many of them are already outdated: “they won’t be afraid of you, and even less so of me. What kind of order will there be in the house? After all, you, tea, live with her in law. Ali, do you think the law means nothing? Yes, if you hold such stupid thoughts in your head, you should at least not talk in front of her, in front of your sister, in front of the girl.” It is impossible to characterize Kabanikha in Ostrovsky’s “The Thunderstorm” without mentioning her almost manic attention to detail. Tikhon, the son of Kabanova Sr., is a drunkard, his daughter Varvara is lying, hanging out with whoever she wants, and is about to run away from home, disgracing the family. And Marfa Ignatievna is worried that they come to the door without bowing, not as their great-grandfathers taught. Her behavior is reminiscent of the behavior of the priestesses of a dying cult, who are trying with all their might to maintain life in it with the help of external paraphernalia.
Katerina Kabanova was a somewhat suspicious girl: in the “prophecies” of the crazy lady she imagined her own fate, and in the thunderstorm the girl saw the punishment of the Lord. Kabanikha is too mercantile and down-to-earth for this. She is closer to the material world, practicality and utilitarianism. Kabanova is not at all afraid of thunder and thunder, she just doesn’t want to get wet. While the residents of Kalinov are talking about the raging elements, Kabanikha grumbles and expresses her dissatisfaction: “Look, what races he has made. There is something to listen to, nothing to say! Now the times have come, some teachers have appeared. If an old man thinks like this, what can we demand from young people!”, “Don’t judge your older self! They know more than you. Old people have signs for everything. an old man he won’t say a word to the wind.”
The image of Kabanikha in the play “The Thunderstorm” can be called a kind of generalization, a conglomerate of negative human qualities. It’s hard to call her a woman, a mother, or even a person in general. Of course, she is far from the dummies of the city of Foolov, but her desire to subjugate and dominate killed all human qualities in Marfa Ignatievna.
Work test
In Ostrovsky's drama "The Thunderstorm" Dikaya and Kabanikha are representatives of " Dark Kingdom" It seems as if Kalinov is fenced off from the rest of the world by a high fence and lives some kind of special, closed life. Ostrovsky focused on the most important things, showing the wretchedness and savagery of the morals of Russian patriarchal life, because all this life is based solely on familiar, outdated laws, which are obviously completely ridiculous. " Dark Kingdom“He clings tenaciously to his old, established things. This is standing in one place. And such standing is possible if it is supported by people who have strength and authority.
A more complete, in my opinion, idea of a person can be given by his speech, that is, by habitual and specific expressions inherent only to a given hero. We see how Dikoy, as if nothing had happened, can just offend a person. He doesn’t regard not only those around him, but even his family and friends. His family lives in constant fear of his wrath. Dikoy mocks his nephew in every possible way. It is enough to remember his words: “I told you once, I told you twice”; “Don’t you dare come across me”; you'll find everything! Not enough space for you? Wherever you fall, here you are. Ugh, damn you! Why are you standing like a pillar! Are they telling you no?” Dikoy openly shows that he does not respect his nephew at all. He puts himself above everyone around him. And no one offers him the slightest resistance. He scolds everyone over whom he feels his power, but if someone scolds him himself, he cannot answer, then stay strong, everyone at home! It’s on them that Dikoy will take out all his anger.
Wild - " significant person"in the city, merchant. This is how Shapkin says about him: “We should look for another scolder like ours, Savel Prokofich. There’s no way he’ll cut someone off.”
“The view is unusual! Beauty! The soul rejoices!” exclaims Kuligin, but against the backdrop of this beautiful landscape a bleak picture of life is painted, which appears before us in “The Thunderstorm”. It is Kuligin who gives an accurate and clear description of the life, morals and customs that reign in the city of Kalinov.
Just like Dikoy, Kabanikha is distinguished by selfish inclinations; she thinks only of herself. Residents of the city of Kalinov talk about Dikiy and Kabanikha very often, and this makes it possible to obtain rich material about them. In conversations with Kudryash, Shapkin calls Diky “a scolder,” while Kudryash calls him a “shrill man.” Kabanikha calls Dikiy a “warrior.” All this speaks of the grumpiness and nervousness of his character. Reviews about Kabanikha are also not very flattering. Kuligin calls her a “hypocrite” and says that she “behaves the poor, but has completely eaten up her family.” This characterizes the merchant's wife from the bad side.
We are struck by their callousness towards people dependent on them, their reluctance to part with money when paying workers. Let us remember what Dikoy says: “Once I was fasting about a great fast, and then it was not easy and I slipped a little man in, I came for money, carried firewood... I did sin: I scolded him, I scolded him... I almost killed him.” All relationships between people, in their opinion, are built on wealth.
Kabanikha is richer than Dikoy, and therefore she is the only person in the city with whom Dikoy must be polite. “Well, don’t let your throat loose! Find me cheaper! And I’m dear to you!”
Another feature that unites them is religiosity. But they perceive God not as someone who forgives, but as someone who can punish them.
Kabanikha, like no one else, reflects this city’s commitment to old traditions. (She teaches Katerina and Tikhon how to live in general and how to behave in a specific case.) Kabanova tries to seem like a kind, sincere, and most importantly unhappy woman, tries to justify her actions by her age: “The mother is old, stupid; Well, you, young people, smart ones, shouldn’t exact it from us fools.” But these statements sound more like irony than sincere recognition. Kabanova considers herself the center of attention; she cannot imagine what will happen to the whole world after her death. Kabanikha is absurdly blindly devoted to her old traditions, forcing everyone at home to dance to her tune. She forces Tikhon to say goodbye to his wife in the old-fashioned way, causing laughter and a feeling of regret among those around him.
On the one hand, it seems that Dikoy is ruder, stronger and, therefore, scarier. But, looking closer, we see that Dikoy is only capable of screaming and rampaging. She managed to subjugate everyone, keeps everything under control, she even tries to manage people’s relationships, which leads Katerina to death. The Pig is cunning and smart, unlike the Wild One, and this makes her more terrible. In Kabanikha’s speech, hypocrisy and duality of speech are very clearly manifested. She speaks very impudently and rudely to people, but at the same time, while communicating with him, she wants to seem like a kind, sensitive, sincere, and most importantly, unhappy woman.
We can say that Dikoy is completely illiterate. He says to Boris: “Get lost! I don’t even want to talk to you, a Jesuit.” Dikoy uses “with a Jesuit” instead of “with a Jesuit” in his speech. So he also accompanies his speech with spitting, which completely shows his lack of culture. In general, throughout the entire drama we see him peppering his speech with abuse. “Why are you still here! What the hell else is there here!”, which shows him to be an extremely rude and ill-mannered person.
Dikoy is rude and straightforward in his aggressiveness; he commits actions that sometimes cause bewilderment and surprise among others. He is capable of offending and beating a man without giving him money, and then in front of everyone standing in the dirt in front of him, asking for forgiveness. He is a brawler, and in his violence he is capable of throwing thunder and lightning at his family, who are hiding from him in fear.
Therefore, we can conclude that Dikiy and Kabanikha cannot be considered typical representatives of the merchant class. These characters in Ostrovsky's drama are very similar and differ in their selfish inclinations; they think only about themselves. And even their own children seem to them to be a hindrance to some extent. Such an attitude cannot decorate people, which is why Dikoy and Kabanikha cause persistent negative emotions from readers.
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