The most famous plays by A.N. Ostrovsky. Ostrovsky's works: a list of the best
The work of Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky is deservedly the pinnacle of Russian drama of the mid-19th century. It has been familiar to us since school years... And despite the fact that Ostrovsky's plays, the list of which is very long, were written in the century before last, they retain their relevance even now. So what is the merit of the famous playwright and how was the innovation of his work manifested?
short biography
Alexander Ostrovsky was born on March 31 in 1823 in Moscow for the childhood of the future playwright was held in Zamoskvorechye - a merchant district of Moscow. The playwright's father, Nikolai Fedorovich, served as a court solicitor and wanted his son to follow in his footsteps. Therefore, Ostrovsky studied for several years as a lawyer and after that, at the behest of his father, entered the court as a scribe. But even then Ostrovsky began to create his first plays. Since 1853, the playwright's works have been staged in St. Petersburg and Moscow. Alexander Ostrovsky had two wives and six children.
General characteristics of creativity and themes of Ostrovsky's plays
Over the years of his creative work, the playwright has created 47 plays. "Poor Bride", "Forest", "Dowry", "Snow Maiden", "Poverty is not a vice" - all these are Ostrovsky's plays. The list goes on and on. Most of the plays are comedies. It is not without reason that Ostrovsky remained in history as a great comedian - even in his dramas there is a funny beginning.
Ostrovsky's great merit lies in the fact that it was he who laid the principles of realism in Russian drama. His work reflects the very life of the people in all its diversity and naturalness, the heroes of Ostrovsky's plays are the most different people: merchants, artisans, teachers, officials. Perhaps the works of Alexander Nikolaevich are still close to us precisely because his characters are so realistic, true and so similar to ourselves. Let's analyze this with specific examples from several plays.
Early work of Nikolai Ostrovsky. "Our people - we will be numbered"
One of the debut plays, which gave Ostrovsky a universal celebrity, was the comedy "Our people - we will be numbered." Its plot is built on the basis of events that actually took place from the playwright's legal practice.
The play depicts the deception of the merchant Bolshov, who declared himself bankrupt so that he would not have to pay the debts, and the reciprocal scam of his daughter and son-in-law, who refused to help him. Here Ostrovsky depicts the patriarchal traditions of life, the characters and vices of Moscow merchants. In this play, the playwright sharply touched upon the theme that ran through all his work with red lines: this is the theme of the gradual destruction of the patriarchal order of life, transformation and human relations themselves.
Analysis of Ostrovsky's play "The Thunderstorm"
The play "The Thunderstorm" became a turning point and one of the best pieces in Ostrovsky's works. It also shows the contrast between the old patriarchal world and a fundamentally new way of life. The play takes place on the banks of the Volga in the provincial town of Kalinov.
The main character Katerina Kabanova lives in the house of her husband and his mother, the merchant Kabanikha. She suffers from constant pressure and oppression from her mother-in-law - a bright representative patriarchal world... Katerina is torn between a sense of duty towards her family and a feeling for another. She is confused because she loves her husband in her own way, but she cannot control herself and agrees to meet with Boris. After the heroine repents, her desire for freedom and happiness collides with established moral principles. Katerina, incapable of deception, confesses what she had done to her husband and Kabanikha.
She can no longer live in a society where lies and tyranny reign and people are unable to perceive the beauty of the world. The heroine's husband loves Katerina, but cannot, like her, rebel against the oppression of his mother - for this he is too weak. Beloved, Boris, is also unable to change anything, since he himself cannot free himself from the power of the patriarchal world. And Katerina commits suicide - a protest against the old order, doomed to destruction.
As for this play by Ostrovsky, the list of heroes can be roughly divided into two parts. The first will include representatives of the old world: Kabanikha, Dikoy, Tikhon. In the second - heroes symbolizing a new beginning: Katerina, Boris.
Ostrovsky's heroes
Alexander Ostrovsky has created a whole gallery of a wide variety of characters. Here officials and merchants, peasants and nobles, teachers and artists are as diverse as life itself. A notable feature of Ostrovsky's drama is the speech of his characters - each character speaks his own language, corresponding to his profession and character. Worth noting is the playwright's skillful use of folk art: proverbs, sayings, songs. As an example, one can cite at least the name of Ostrovsky's plays: "Poverty is not a vice", "Our people - we will be numbered" and others.
The importance of Ostrovsky's drama for Russian literature
The dramaturgy of Alexander Ostrovsky served as a significant stage in the formation of the national Russian theater: it was he who created it in its present form, and this is the undoubted innovation of his work. Ostrovsky's plays, the list of which was briefly given at the beginning of the article, confirmed the triumph of realism in Russian drama, and he himself went down in its history as a unique, original and bright master of the word.
The purpose of the lesson. A.N. Ostrovsky Drama "Dowry". At first glance, the first two phenomena are exposition. Symbolic meaning names and surnames. Paratov Sergey Sergeevich. Usually the name of Ostrovsky's plays is sayings, proverbs. Karandyshev. Creative ideas of A.N. Ostrovsky. Characters. Discussion of the image of L.I. Ogudalova. Analysis of the drama "Dowry". What do we learn about Paratov.
"Heroes of the Snow Maiden" - Songs. Cold creature. Great strength. Snow Maiden. What heroes are only fabulous. A.N. Ostrovsky. The image of Lelya. Morning of love. Heroes. Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov. Winter's tale... The finale of the opera. Characters. Shepherd's horn. Ideals of the author. Scene. Love. The element of Russian folk rituals. The power and beauty of nature. Respectful attitude to the cultural traditions of the people. V.M. Vasnetsov. Kupava and Mizgir. Father Frost.
"The play" Dowry "- Final scene. "Dowry". But the ability to get carried away and extravagance do not at all reject sober calculation. The relationship between Larisa and Paratov is reminiscent of the relationship between a predator and a prey. The former merchants are turning into millionaire entrepreneurs. Katerina is a truly tragic heroine. Like Katerina, Larisa belongs to women with a “warm heart”. Like an unprecedentedly high-speed steamer, like a luxurious villa.
"Ostrovsky's play" The Thunderstorm "- Read expressively Katerina's monologue in the scene of repentance. What order prevails in the city? (Confirm the answer with the text). Tikhon is kind, sincerely loves Katerina. What is the heroine struggling with: with a sense of duty or with the "dark kingdom"? Did Katerina have any other way out besides death? Why is Katerina left alone with her grief? Prove the truth of the words of N. Dobrolyubov. Under what conditions? Kabanova Marfa Ignatievna is the embodiment of despotism, covered by hypocrisy.
"Heroes of the Thunderstorm" - Features of Ostrovsky's style. Portrait of Ostrovsky. Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky. The play "The Thunderstorm" was written in 1859. N.A. Dobrolyubov. Social activity A.N. Ostrovsky. Conversation on the perception of the play. The main theme is "Thunderstorms". The meaning of the title. The behavior is hypocritical. National Theater. Reception of contrast. The most famous plays by A.N. Ostrovsky. Curly. Monument to A.N. Ostrovsky. Katerina's protest. Dictionary.
"Ostrovsky's play" Dowry "" - Poetic lines. Skills of expressing your thoughts. A sad song about a dowry woman. Problematic issues. What is Karandyshev. Love for Larisa. What kind of man is Paratov. Analysis of the play. Acquiring text analysis skills. Larissa's groom. What gives the gypsy song to the play and the film. Ostrovsky. Shot by Karandyshev. The mystery of Ostrovsky's play. Romance. Cruel romance... Does Larisa need Paratov. Gypsy song.
Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky
Collected Works in Sixteen Volumes
Volume 1. Plays 1847-1854
From the editorial board
This publication, carried out by the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated May 11, 1948, is the first complete collection of works by the great Russian playwright Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky, including his epistolary legacy.
The first collected works of A. N. Ostrovsky were published in 1859 in two volumes by G. A. Kushelev-Bezborodko. In 1867-1870. a collection of works in five volumes appeared in the edition of D. E. Kozhanchikov. These publications were carried out with the direct participation of the author. In 1874, with the participation of N.A.Nekrasov as a publisher, an eight-volume collection of Ostrovsky's works was published. In 1878, in the edition of Salaev, an additional volume IX was published and in 1884, in the edition of Kehribirji, vol. X.
The last collected works, which appeared during the life of A. N. Ostrovsky, were published in 1885-1886. in ten volumes, published by N. G. Martynov. Due to illness, the playwright was unable to take part in the proofreading of his works. In this regard, the last lifetime edition contains many misprints and, in a number of cases, direct distortions of Ostrovsky's texts.
Collected works that came out after Ostrovsky's death were a simple reprint of Martynov's edition. The first experience of the scientific publication of the works of the great playwright was the "Complete Works of A. N. Ostrovsky" in ten volumes, published in 1904-1905. in the publication "Education" edited by the artist of the Alexandria Theater MI Pisarev. Preparing this collection of works, Pisarev checked the printed texts with the autographs at his disposal, correcting in a number of cases errors in previous editions. In 1909, two additional volumes of plays by A. N. Ostrovsky, written jointly with P. M. Nevezhin and N. Ya. Soloviev, were published in the same edition.
After the Great October Socialist Revolution, according to the decision of the Soviet government, the State Publishing House published in 1919-1926. "Works by A. N. Ostrovsky in 11 volumes" edited by N. N. Dolgov (1-10 vols.) and B. Tomashevsky and K. Halabaev (11 t.) supplemented with new materials. However, this edition, as well as the previous ones, by no means exhausted the entire rich literary heritage of the great playwright, in particular, none of the editions included Ostrovsky's letters.
Along with the publication of collected works during the years of Soviet power, many of Ostrovsky's plays were published in mass editions. During this time, several one-volume editions of selected works by Ostrovsky were also published.
In collected works published before October revolution, Ostrovsky's works were edited by the tsarist censorship. Soviet textual critics have done a great job of restoring the original, not distorted text of the works of A. N. Ostrovsky.
In preparing this complete collection of works, all manuscript materials were used from the Moscow and Leningrad state repositories. This edition aims to provide a complete set of A. Ostrovsky's works, verified by manuscripts and authorized editions. Ostrovsky's works are given in chronological order. Scroll actors in each piece is given according to the authorized editions, that is, either at the beginning of the piece, or according to actions and scenes. Each of the volumes is accompanied by short notes, which provide information of a historical and literary nature.
Family picture *
Antip Antipych Puzatov, merchant, 35 years old.
Matryona Savishna, his wife, 25 years old.
Marya Antipovna, Puzatov's sister, girl, 19 years old.
Stepanida Trofimovna, Puzatov's mother, 60 years old.
Paramon Ferapontych Shiryalov, merchant, 60 years old.
Daria, maid of the Puzatovs.
A room in Puzatov's house, tastelessly furnished; above the sofa there are portraits, on the ceiling, birds of paradise, on the windows, colorful drapes and bottles of tincture. Marya Antipovna is sitting by the window, at the embroidery frame.
Marya Antipovna (sews and sings in an undertone).
Black color, dark color
You are always dear to me.
(Thinks and leaves work.) So the summer is already passing, and September is outside, and you sit within four walls, like some kind of nun, and don't go to the window. Where as antiresno! (Silence.) Well, perhaps, don't let it go! lock it up! tyrannize! And my sister and I will take time off for the all-night vigil at the monastery, get dressed, and ourselves will distinguish ourselves in the park or in Sokolniki. We must somehow get up on cunning. (Works. Silence.) Why is it that Vasily Gavrilych has never passed by today? .. (Looking out the window.) Sister! sister! the officer is coming! .. hurry up, sister! .. with a white feather!
Matryona Savishna (runs in)... Where, Masha, where?
Marya Antipovna... Here, take a look. (Both look.) Bows. Oh, what! (They hide out the window.)
Matryona Savishna... What a cute one!
Marya Antipovna... Sister, sit here: maybe she will go back.
Matryona Savishna... And what are you, Masha! If you teach him, he will drive by five times every day. Afterwards, you will not be untied with him. I already know these military men. Vaughn Anna Markovna taught the hussar: he drives by, and she looks and smiles. Well, my lady, he is on horseback in the passage and rode in.
Marya Antipovna... Oh, what a thrill!
Matryona Savishna... That's what it is! There was nothing like that, but fame went all over Moscow ... (Looking out the window.) Well, Masha, Daria is coming. What will she say?
Marya Antipovna... Oh, little sister, how could mama get her!
Daria runs in.
Darya... Well, mother Matryona Savishna, I was completely caught! I was running, madam, up the stairs, and Stepanida Trofimovna was right there just the same. Well, for silk, they say, I ran to the shop. And then it comes to everything with us. Yesterday the clerk Petrusha ...
Marya Antipovna... But what are they?
Darya... Yes! ordered to bow. Here, madam, I come to them: Ivan Petrovich is lying on the sofa, and Vasily Gavrilych is on the bed ... or, I mean, Vasily Gavrilych is on the Sofa. You've smoked tobacco, madam, you just can't breathe.
Matryona Savishna... What did they say?
Darya... And they said, my lady, that they would certainly, he says, come to Ostankino today, that way at Vespers, he says. Yes, you say, Daria, tell them to come without fail, even though it will rain, everyone would come.
“Columbus Zamoskvorechye”, the author of the plays that turned Russian drama into “real” literature, is A. N. Ostrovsky, whose works since the middle of the 19th century have become the main ones in the repertoire of the Maly Theater in Moscow. Everything that he wrote was done not for reading, but for staging on stage. The result of 40 years was the original (about 50), co-authored, revised and translated plays.
Sources of inspiration"
All of Ostrovsky's works are based on constant observations of the life of various classes, mainly merchants and local nobility.
The playwright's childhood and adolescence were spent in Zamoskvorechye - an old district of Moscow, which was mainly inhabited by the bourgeoisie. Therefore, Ostrovsky was well acquainted with the way of life and the peculiarities of intra-family, and by the middle of the 19th century there are more and more so-called "businessmen" - they will enter the new merchant class.
The work in the Moscow office where Alexander Nikolaevich entered in 1843 turned out to be very useful. 8 years of observing numerous litigations and quarrels of merchants and relatives allowed us to accumulate valuable material on the basis of which they will be written best works Ostrovsky.
In the work of a playwright, it is customary to distinguish 4 main periods. Each was marked by a special approach to depicting reality and the emergence of striking plays.
1847-1851 years. First experiences
Essays, written in the spirit of the "natural school" and in accordance with the traditions laid down by Gogol, brought the beginning writer the title of "Columbus of Zamoskvorechye". But pretty soon they were replaced by plays that completely supplanted the epic genres.
Ostrovsky's first work is "A Family Picture", first read by the author at an evening with S. Shevyrev. However, the fame brings "Bankrut", later renamed "Our people - numbered!" The reaction to the play was instant. The censorship immediately banned it (written in 1849, hit the stage only in 1861), and V. Odoyevsky put it on a par with "Minor", "Woe from Wit" and "Inspector General". For several years, the work was successfully read in circles and at literary evenings, providing the young author with universal recognition.
1852-1855 years. "Moskvityanin" period
This is the time when Ostrovsky joined the "young editorial board" of the magazine, which preached the ideas of soil cultivation and was interested in merchants. Representatives of the social class, not associated with serfdom and not cut off from the people, could become, according to A. Grigoriev, a new force capable of influencing the development of Russia. Only 3 works of Ostrovsky belong to this period, one of which is “Poverty is not a vice”.
The plot is based on the image of relations in the family of the merchant Tortsov. An imperious and oppressive father, Gordey, plans to marry his daughter, in love with a poor clerk, for a clever and rich Korshunov. a new generation that will never miss its own. Lyubim manages to convince his tyrant brother - inclined to drunkenness, who has not accumulated a fortune, but in all the following moral laws. As a result, the matter is resolved happily for Lyuba, and the playwright claims the victory of Russian and traditions over European ones.
1856-1860 years. Rapprochement with Sovremennik
The works of this period: "A profitable place", "A hangover in someone else's feast" and, of course, "The Thunderstorm" - were the result of rethinking the role of patriarchal merchants in the life of the country. It no longer attracted the playwright, but more and more acquired the features of tyranny and desperately tried to resist everything new and democratic (the result of the influence of the commoners from Sovremennik). The most striking is “ dark kingdom"Was shown in the only tragedy of the playwright" Thunderstorm ". Here young people appear who do not want to put up with the laws of the house of construction.
Analyzing the works created in the 40-50s, he called A. N. Ostrovsky a truly "people's poet", which emphasized the scale of the paintings he depicted.
1861-1886 years. Mature creativity
During the 25 post-reform years of his activity, the playwright wrote vivid works, varied in genre and theme. They can be combined into several groups.
- A comedy about the life of the merchant class: "Truth is good, but happiness is better", "Not all the carnival for the cat."
- Satire: "Wolves and Sheep", "Mad Money", "Forest", etc.
- "Pictures of Moscow life" and "prices from the boondocks" about "little" people: "Hard days", "An old friend is better than two new ones", etc.
- Chronicles on historical theme: "Kozma Zakharyich Minin-Sukhoruk" and others.
- Psychological drama: "The Last Victim", "Dowry".
The play-fairy tale "Snow Maiden" stands apart.
The works of recent decades acquire tragic and philosophical and psychological features and are distinguished by artistic perfection and a realistic approach to depiction.
Creator of the national theater
Centuries pass, but the works of Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky are still sold out on the leading stages of the country, confirming the phrase of I. Goncharov: “... after you we ... can proudly say: we have our own Russian national theater". “Poor Bride” and “Don't Sit in Your Sleigh”, “The Marriage of Balzaminov” and “The Heart Is Not a Stone”, “There Wasn't a Penny, But Suddenly Altyn” and “Enough Simplicity for Every Wise Man” ... This list is known to every theater-goer the names of Ostrovsky's plays can be continued for a long time. Thanks to the skill of the playwright, a special world came to life on the stage, filled with problems that will always worry humanity.
Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky V.G. Perov. Portrait of A.N. Ostrovsky (1877) Date of birth: March 31 (April 12) 1823 (18230412) Place of birth ... Wikipedia
Ostrovsky, Alexander Nikolaevich- Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky. OSTROVSKY Alexander Nikolaevich (1823 86), Russian playwright. Ostrovsky's work laid the foundations of the national repertoire of the Russian theater. In comedies and socio-psychological dramas, Ostrovsky brought out a gallery ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
Ostrovsky, Alexander Nikolaevich famous drama writer. Born March 31, 1823 in Moscow, where his father served in the Civil Chamber, and then was engaged in a private lawyer. Ostrovsky lost his mother in childhood and no ... Biographical Dictionary
Russian playwright. Born into the family of an official lawyer; the mother comes from the lower clergy. He spent his childhood and early youth in Zamoskvorechye - a special ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich- (1823-1886), playwright. He came to St. Petersburg several times since 1853, was closely associated with the social, literary and cultural life of the capital. Most of Ostrovsky's plays were first published in St. Petersburg - in the magazines "Sovremennik", ... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"
- (1823 86) Russian playwright, corresponding member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1863). Ostrovsky's work laid the foundations of the national repertoire of the Russian theater. In comedies and social psychological dramas, Ostrovsky brought out a gallery of types from those covered ... ... Big encyclopedic Dictionary
- (1823 1886), playwright. He came to St. Petersburg several times since 1853, was closely associated with the social, literary and cultural life of the capital. Most of O.'s plays were first published in St. Petersburg in the magazines Sovremennik and Vremya. In the magazine… … Saint Petersburg (encyclopedia)
Dramatic writer, head of the repertoire of the Imperial Moscow Theater and director of the Moscow Theater School. A. N. Ostrovsky was born in Moscow on January 31st, 1823. His father, Nikolai Fedorovich, came from the clergy, and by ... Big biographical encyclopedia
- (1823 1886), Russian playwright, corresponding member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1863). Brother of M. N. Ostrovsky. Ostrovsky's work laid the foundations of the national repertoire of the Russian theater. In comedies and social psychological dramas, Ostrovsky brought out ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
OSTROVSKY Alexander Nikolaevich- (1823-86), Russian playwright. Organizer and prev. About va rus. dramatic. writers and opera composers (since 1870). Plays (comedies and dramas): in prose - "A Family Picture" (1847, post. 1855), "Our people - we will be numbered" (1850, post. 1861), ... ... Literary encyclopedic dictionary
Books
- Dowry. Thunderstorm (CDmp3), Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich. Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich (1823 - 1886) - Russian playwright, whose work laid the foundations of the national repertoire of the Russian theater. In the plays of A. N. Ostrovsky, the color is captured ...
- Plays: Ostrovsky A. N., Chekhov A. P., Gorky M., Gorky Maxim, Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich, Chekhov Anton Pavlovich. A. Ostrovsky, A. Chekhov and M. Gorky are brilliant reformers and innovators of the stage who radically changed the theater. This book includes five famous plays by great playwrights - "The Thunderstorm", ...
