Children's writer Leonid Panteleev the message is short. Panteleev leonid ivanovich (alexey eremeev)

Prose writer, publicist, poet, playwright, screenwriter.

Twice holder of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (for merits in the development of children's literature)

Alexey Eremeev was born on August 22, 1908 in St. Petersburg in the family of a Cossack officer, a participant in the Russian-Japanese war, who received a noble title for his exploits.

As a child, his family called Alexei "bookcase" for his love of reading. At the age of 9, he began writing poetry, plays and adventure stories. Later, recollecting his own ro-di-te-lei, the pi-sa-tel admitted that with his father, no spiritual close It was. “About what kind of closeness can you talk,” Alexey understood, “if, referring to the father, I’ll -have him to "you". But this is not an oz-na-cha-lo that Eremeev was ashamed of his father. He f-ck-a-val:

“But the image of the father, I have carried it all the way through my life and in my heart and soul. To say a bright image - it would be wrong. Rather - dark, like black-nev-nev-se-re-b-ro. Ry-tsar-sky - that's the most accurate word. "

A strong influence on Ereme-e-va in the childhood of his mother. She, as she recognized the pi-sa-tel, became the first one to guide her children in the faith.

In 1916, Alexei was sent to study at the 2nd Petrograd Real School, which he never graduated from. In 1919, the Cheka arrested Yeremeyev's father. He was kept in the Kholmogory isolation ward and was shot there. Alexei's mother, Alexandra Vasilievna, trying to preserve the life and health of three children, went with them from St. Petersburg to the depths of Russia. The family lived in Yaroslavl, later in Menzelinsk.

In his wanderings, Alexei, in search of quick earnings, learned to steal. Such a pastime often ended with a meeting with criminal investigation officers and police officers. It was then that his peers nicknamed him for his desperate temper Lenka Panteleev, comparing him with the famous St. Petersburg raider.

But in the 1920s, it was safer to bear the name of a bandit than to indicate that your father was a Cossack officer, and your mother was the daughter of a merchant of the first guild, even if from the Arkhangelsk-Kholmogory peasants. At the end of 1921, Alexei got into the Petrograd Commission on Minors' Affairs, and from there he was sent to the Dostoevsky School of Social and Individual Education, the famous Shkida.

This amazing institution was subsequently compared with the pre-revolutionary bursa, then with the Pushkin Lyceum. Homeless children studied at school, wrote poetry, learned foreign languages, staged plays, published their own newspapers and magazines. “Who will believe now,” was written later in one of the chapters of the “Republic of Shkid”, “that during the years of war, hunger strike and paper crisis in the Shkid small republic with a population of sixty people, sixty periodicals were published - of all sorts, types and directions”.

Eremeev did not spend much time in Skida, only two years, but later on more than once said that it was here that he received the energy for restoration in life.

In Shki-de fate-ba for the first time collide-n-la Ereme-e-va with his future co-av-to-rum Gri-go-ri-em Belykh. He, like Alexei, was early on without a father. Mother for life for-ra-ba-you-wa-la washing-coy. Son oka-zal-Xia without pri-smot-t-ra. Throwing a school-lu, boy-chish-ka us-t-ro-il-sya to the wok-hall no-strong-schi-com. But de-nig ka-ta-st-ro-fi-che-s-ki didn’t hwa-ta-lo, and the steam-nish-ka began to pod-in-ro-vat.

In Skida, the friends did not stay long either. They went to Kharkov, where they entered the courses of film actors, but then abandoned this occupation, and for some time were engaged in vagrancy.

In 1925, the friends returned to Leningrad, where Alexei lived with the Belykhs in an extension to the house on Izmailovsky Prospekt. In 1926, Belykh proposed to write a book about his native school.

The future chroniclers of Shkida bought makhorka, millet, sugar, tea and got down to business. A narrow room with a window overlooking the backyard, two bunks and a small table — they didn't need anything else.

They conceived 32 plots and divided them in half. Each author had 16 chapters to write. Since Eremeev entered the school later than the Belykhs, the first ten chapters fell on Gregory. Subsequently, Aleksey Ivanovich willingly attributed the success of the book to his co-author: it was the first chapters that concentrated all the brightest, unexpected, conflicting and explosive, which distinguished Shkida, and attracted the attention of the reader.

The young collaborators had no idea that they were going to be successful. Having written the book, they had no idea where to carry it. The only "literary" figure whom the guys knew personally was Comrade Lilina, the head of the department of public education. She attended gala evenings in Skida a couple of times. Eremeev well remembered the expression of horror on Comrade Lilina's face when she saw the plump manuscript that two former orphanages had brought to her, and realized that she would have to read it. "Of course, only out of the kindness of her soul, out of pity, she agreed to keep this colossus."

The co-authors were lucky twice. Lilina didn't just read the story as she promised. But she also turned out to be the head of the Leningrad State Publishing House, where Samuil Marshak, Yevgeny Shvarts and Boris Zhitkov worked at that time. She immediately handed the manuscript over to the professionals.

... They were looking for all over the city. Belykh and Eremeev did not even bother to leave their addresses; moreover, after leaving Lilina's office, they had a violent quarrel. Belykh stated that the idea of ​​bringing the manuscript here was stupid from start to finish, and he did not even intend to disgrace himself and learn about the results. Eremeev, however, could not stand it, and after a month, secretly from Grisha, he nevertheless came to Narobraz. The secretary, seeing him, yelled: “He! He! Finally came! Where have you disappeared! Where is your co-author? " For an hour Lilina took him back and forth along the corridor, telling him how good the book was. Eremeev, unconscious of excitement, mechanically shoved a lighted match into the box, and the box exploded noisily, singing his hand, which was then treated with all Narobraz.

“All employees of the editorial office read and re-read this voluminous manuscript both internally and aloud,” recalled Marshak. - Following the manuscript, the authors themselves appeared in the editorial office, at first they were taciturn and gloomy. They were, of course, happy with the friendly welcome, but not too willingly agreed to make any changes to their text. "

Soon, information began to come from the libraries that the story was being read voraciously, taken in great demand.

We wrote "Republic of ShKiD" cheerfully, without thinking how God would put it on his soul ... - Eremeev recalled. - Grisha and I wrote it in two and a half months. We didn't have to compose anything. We just remembered and wrote down what our boyish memory still kept so vividly. After all, very little time has passed since we left the walls of Skida ”.

When the book came out, Gorky read it - and got so carried away that he began to tell his colleagues about it. "Read necessarily!" Gorky also saw what the debutants might have portrayed willy-nilly - the school director Viktor Nikolaevich Soroku-Rosinsky, Vikniksora. He would soon call him "a new type of teacher", "a monumental and heroic figure." And in a letter to the teacher Makarenko, Gorky will say that Vikniksor is "the same hero and passion-bearer" like Makarenko himself.

However, Anton Semenovich Makarenko, who was then emerging as a leader in Soviet pedagogy, did not like the Shkid Republic. He read it not as a work of fiction, but as a documentary, and saw in it only "a conscientiously drawn picture of pedagogical failure," a weakness in Soroka-Rosinsky's work.

Together with Belykh, Eremeev will write a series of essays under the general title "The Last Chaldeans", stories "Karlushkin's Focus", "Portrait", "Clock" and other works.

When Aleksey began to look for a topic for the second book, he got the idea to write a story "The Package". In it, Alexei recalled the story that happened to his father:

“As a volunteer, or, as it was then customary to say, as a volunteer, he went to the front of the Russo-Japanese War. And then one day a young officer with an important report was sent from combat positions to the command headquarters. On the way, he had to evade pursuit, he fought off the Japanese cavalry patrol, was wounded right through the chest. He was bleeding, but delivered a report ... For this feat he received the Order of St. Vladimir with swords and a bow and hereditary nobility ... It was on Easter 1904 ...

And here I am, knowing this story from childhood that is vitally close to me, as if I forgot it for many years, until it was imperceptibly slipped into my memory. And then, in 1931, not understanding where the plot of my story "The Package" came from, I with cavalry daring allowed my imagination to freely and unceremoniously deal with the facts of life.

From 1904, events shifted fifteen years forward - from the Russo-Japanese War to the Civil War. The cornet of the Siberian Cossack regiment turned into an ordinary soldier of the Budyonnovsk Cavalry Army. The Japanese became White Cossacks. General Kuropatkin's headquarters - to Budyonny's headquarters. Vladimir cross with swords and bow - in the Order of the Battle Red Banner. Accordingly, everything else, the whole entourage, color, vocabulary, phraseology and - most importantly - the ideological background of the feat became different ... "

But later, not only having written a story, but also having made a script about the adventures of a former Budennovist in peacetime, having seen two film adaptations of The Pack, Alexey Ivanovich Eremeev realized that his father's feat was not very compatible with the new circumstances in which his character acted.

“This whole masquerade could only take place and be crowned with some kind of success, because the author did not know and did not understand where what was coming from ... Consciously I simply would not have dared to do this, it would seem to me a blasphemy - both in relation to my father and attitude towards the hero. "

The illiterate Petya Trofimov, unlike the father of Alyosha Eremeev, did not particularly understand what was happening. And his adventures, despite the military situation, turned out to be tragicomic. He, a peasant son and a peasant himself, managed to drown the horse. Was captured by the enemy. It was only by coincidence that the package did not end up on the table of the Mammoth Cossacks. But he did not take him to Budyonny either. I ate it. And his head, too, would have folded, had not helped Trofimov sharp-witted Zykov, whose economy was ruined by the Civil War. The hero of the First World War turned into an idiot, activated by the Bolshevik ideology. “Where it smells like bread, you crawl there” - his sincere confession.

Eremeev fought for the faith, the Tsar and the Fatherland with foreign soldiers. And Trofimov - with his compatriots. The "package" did not bring satisfaction to Aleksey Ivanovich.

In 1936, Eremeev's co-author Grigory Belykh was innocently arrested. The husband of Gregory's sister tapped into the "organs". Belykh, due to his poverty, did not pay him his rent, and the relative decided to teach the "hack" a lesson by handing over the notebook with verses where it should be. Then it was in the order of things: to solve minor everyday problems with the help of denunciations to the NKVD. Whites were sentenced to three years. His wife and two-year-old daughter remained at home.

Eremeev tried to work for him, wrote telegrams to Stalin, sent money and parcels to prison. They corresponded for all three years. “It will be difficult for me to poke my head into Leningrad. People like me, and with a muzzle, are not ordered to be admitted to the triumphal arches of St. Petersburg ... Well, it is better to laugh than hang yourself, "Belykh wrote.

Belykh's wife, who had achieved a meeting with him, wrote to Eremeev: “I'm afraid he won't get out alive. In my opinion, he just has nothing to eat, although he hides it from me. " Belykh concealed the fact that doctors discovered he had a second stage of tuberculosis. His last letter to Eremeev: “You don’t need to write to Stalin, nothing will come of it, the time is not right ... I was hoping for a date with you. I should sit on a stool and talk to you about the simplest things ... Is there nothing to tell us about what is conceived, about spoiled, about bad and good things that carry in the air ... "

The last phrase was written in clumsy jumping letters: "It's all over ..." Grigory Belykh died in 1938 in a prison hospital, barely reaching 30 years of age. And "Respublika ShKiD" was withdrawn from use for a long time.

In subsequent years, Alexei Ivanovich was repeatedly offered to republish "Republic Shkid" without the name of the co-author, declared an enemy of the people, but he invariably refused. His name was not mentioned anywhere else in connection with this refusal. And in the OGPU, Eremeev himself was also noted as the son of an enemy of the people.

After several years of literary silence, Aleksey Ivanovich returns to his childhood impressions: “In the winter of 1941, the editor of the magazine Koster asked me to write“ on a moral theme ”: about honesty, about word of honor. I was, I thought that nothing worthwhile would be invented and not written. But on the same day or even an hour, on the way home, something began to appear: the wide squat dome of the Intercession Church in St. Petersburg Kolomna, the garden behind this church ... I remembered how as a boy I was walking with my nanny in this garden and how the boys ran up to me older than me and offered to play "war" with them. They said that I was a sentry, put me on a post near some gatehouse, took the word that I would not leave, but left and forgot about me. And the sentry continued to stand, because he had given his word of honor. He stood and cried and suffered until the frightened nanny found him and took him home. "

This is how the textbook story "Honest Word" was written. The story was greeted with caution by the communist guardians of class morality. Their accusations boiled down to the fact that the hero from Panteleev's story, in his ideas about what is good and what is bad, relies on his own understanding of honor and honesty, and not on how they are interpreted in communist ideology.

The writer himself did not pay attention to these accusations. He found the key to self-expression.

When the war began, Eremeev fell into the list of not-blah-na-reliable. In na-cha-le sep-ty-b-rya 1941, the mission ho-te-la to send him out of Le-ning-gra-da. Pi-sa-te-lyu is-port-ti-li pa-s-port, re-scribble-well-in the stamp about pro-pi-s-ke, and yes-whether pre-pi-sa-nie urgent but go to the Finnish railway station. Ereme-ev you-need-den was trans-re-ti in his native city-ro-de to a non-le-gal-ness. But it soon became clear that he would not survive without a pro-duc-t-card. By March 1942, he had done so. The doctor "Fast-swarm" po-sta-wil pi-sa-te-lu di-a-gnosis - dis-trophy of III degree-pe-ni and para-rez to-n-no-s-tei. The chief physician of the hospital on the os-t-ro-ve Kamen-ny, whose family had a good eye for him, saved him from the hunger death of Alexei. - for-mi.

About all these circumstances uz-nal Sa-mu-il Mar-shak. He went to Alec-san-dr. Fa-de-e-woo and beat-up, so that you could take it from the blockade. -go-ro-da to the rear. Possibly, on the basis of your own day-nikov Ereme-ev, you-poo-s-til the book "In the besieged go-ro-de" and mint-ni-ki "(" Jan-var 1944 ").

The writer said:

“Then there, on Kamenny Island, not far from the hospital, there was a boat trip. A boy of fourteen or fifteen years old worked on the ferry. And soon I wrote the story "On the Skiff" - about a boy who took the place of the carrier-father, who died from a fragment of a fascist bomb.

And it took me a while to realize that the story was very difficult to intertwine, combined the impressions of 1942 and the impressions of the year 1913, that is, even before the start of the First World War.

I was not even six years old, we lived in a dacha twenty miles from Shlisselburg, on the Neva. At the end of August, the young carrier Kapiton drowned, leaving children - a boy and a girl - orphans.

It was the first encounter with death in my life, and these early childhood impressions and experiences, the bitterness of these experiences, mixed with impressions and experiences of others, blockade, and incited, excited my imagination when I wrote the story "On the Yalik". My memory even told me the name of the little carrier: I named him Matvey Kapitonovich. And the Neva, with its smells, with its black water, I wrote not the one that I saw in front of me in the blockade summer, but the one that my memory has preserved from childhood. "

During the years of oblivion, Leonid wrote and subsequently published the stories "Marinka", "Guard Private", "About Squirrel and Tamarochka", "The letter" you "," In the besieged city ", memories of Gorky, Chukovsky, Marshak, Schwartz and Tyrsa. Panteleev decides to rework his pre-war story "Lenka Panteleev", which he took up, deciding to tell the background of the hero of the "Republic Shkid". But the processing didn't work out. The book "Lenka Panteleev" was published in the early 50s and was named the author of an autobiographical story, which he later publicly repented of more than once.

Alexey Panteleev is one of the heroes of the legendary "Republic of ShKID". Every Soviet schoolchild read a book about homeless children. But few know about the fate of one of the authors. In the early years L. Panteleev was left to himself. But the prose writer’s troubles were not limited to homeless childhood.

Parents

After the revolution, hundreds of thousands of children were left without parental care. Most of them were destined for a criminal fate, and therefore - poverty, illness, early death. One of the orphaned Soviet children was Alexei Panteleev. The real name is Eremeev. The revolution first made the hero of this article an orphan, then forced him to hide an inconvenient biography.

Eremeev Alexey Ivanovich was born into a merchant family. His father was a Cossack officer, but he became disillusioned with the service and, following the example of his relatives, started selling timber. The eldest son was only eight years old when Ivan Eremeev left the family. The mother was left with three young children. Alexei Panteleev did not remember the October events, since in the fall of 1917 he fell ill and lay in a fever for several weeks.

Both the mother and father of the future prose writer belonged to a merchant family. Ivan Andrianovich Eremeev was an officer, his image remained forever in the memory of his son. The father of the hero of the story "Lenka Panteleev" has many similarities with the parent of the writer, but unlike the artistic character, he was not a drunken drunkard. Ivan Andrianovich did not leave his family of his own free will. In 1918, he met his eldest son for the last time, and soon died. According to some reports, Ivan Andrianovich spent several months in prison.

Devastation

After the coup d'état, chaos reigned in the country. Products that until 1917 were present in abundance on the table suddenly turned into a delicacy. Searches and arrests were carried out everywhere. The mother of the future writer decided to leave Petrograd: it was necessary to save the children from hunger. The family moved to the Yaroslavl province.

Alexey Eremeev, later known throughout the country as the prose writer L. Panteleev, read voraciously from childhood. In addition, from an early age, he began to compose stories and poems. The author of the story "Lenka Panteleev", like his young hero, fell in love with literature from an early age. He read even when the country was mired in devastation, hunger, poverty, and poverty and disease reigned in the family of the future prose writer for a long time.

The family lived in the village for two years, then returned to their hometown. There was not enough money. What the mother gave the boy, he spent on books. And the future author of the famous "Republic of SHKID" began to unscrew the light bulbs for the purpose of further sale. For which he was arrested and sent to school, which he portrayed in a work of fiction together with a friend, Grigory Belykh.

Vikniksor

When it comes to such a figure in literature as Alexei Ivanovich Panteleev, it is impossible not to mention the outstanding teacher. N. Soroka-Rosinsky. His image is shown in the book "Republic of SHKID". G. Belykh and L. Panteleev created a character nicknamed by the pupils of the school. Dostoevsky Vikniksor.

Soroka-Rosinsky opposed the assertion that difficult children are morally and mentally handicapped. The teacher was sure that street children are ordinary children who have fallen into difficult life circumstances. If Alexei Eremeev had not ended up in the legendary orphanage, one of the best books in Russian literature about children and adolescents would not have been created. And in the literary world such names as Belykh and Panteleev would never have become known.

The story "Republic SHKID"

In the twenties, Alexei Eremeev met with Grigory Belykh. In those years, rumors circulated in Petrograd about the raider Lenka Panteleev. The hero of this article, although he was distinguished by a thirst for knowledge, was a difficult teenager, stood out even against the background of street children with an extremely tough disposition. In honor of the bandit, Eremeev received his nickname. The future writer at school was known as Grigory Chernykh. The nickname of Panteleev's friend is Yankel.

Three years after the pupils left school, an autobiographical story was written. The central characters of the book are Grigory Chernykh and Alexey Panteleev. However, the authors paid much attention to other characters in the story.

The school was located in an old three-story building on Peterhof Avenue. It was not easy for the teachers to curb the wild disposition of the wards. Each of them had a rich biography; before entering school, they led a free, nomadic and reckless life. Despite the difficulties, later Soroka-Rosinsky recalled that never before had Leningrad teachers worked with such enthusiasm and dedication. At the beginning of the story "Republic SHKID" portraits of teachers and pupils prevail. In the second - stories from the life of the school. The theme of childhood and subsequently gave preference to Alexey Panteleev.

Stories

The works created in 1928 are devoted to the psychology of adolescents. Such compositions include "Karlushkin Focus", "Clock". The portrait characteristics were already masterfully created at an early stage in Panteleev's work.

In the thirties, the writer paid special attention to the educational theme. The motives of homeless childhood fade into the background. The leading theme in Panteleev's stories is children's heroism, an example of which is the work "Honest Word". Panteleev applied pedagogical principles in raising his own daughter. A kind of father's diary is the work "Our Masha", in which the author's position is distinguished by Spartan exactingness, moral maximalism and, at the same time, boundless love for the child.

Grigory Belykh

The life of a friend of the writer L. Panteleev ended tragically. Grigory Belykh, perhaps, would have created many works, if not for his death at the age of thirty-two. In 1935, the prose writer-journalist was repressed. The reason for the accusation of counter-revolutionary activity was a poem about Stalin. The denunciation of the writer was drawn up by his relative. The husband of G. Belykh's sister accidentally discovered a suspicious poem on his desk, which he immediately reported to the appropriate authorities. The journalist was convicted under Article 58. He died in 1938 in a transit prison.

The story of Lenka Panteleev

Samuil Marshak was one of the editors of the work of young authors. The children's poet recommended that one of the chapters be rewritten, supplemented, and made into a full-fledged literary work. This is how the story "Lenka Panteleev" appeared.

The work begins with a description of the hero's early years. The author pays special attention to the portrait of his father, who is depicted as a complex, contradictory, but unusually honest person. Then the consequences of the October events and the beginning of Lenka's career as a thief are depicted. The boy miraculously managed to avoid imprisonment. At the end of the story, he ended up at the school to them. Dostoevsky. With this event, Lyonka's new life begins, like the other heroes of the book of Belykh and Panteleev.

"Our Masha"

After the war, the prose writer wrote a lot. It was eagerly printed. In 1956, the writer had a daughter, to whom he dedicated the work "Our Masha". The book is a collection of observations made by many parents. But as a rule, mothers act as authors of such diaries. In this case, the father showed extraordinary scrupulousness and observation.

Masha was a late child. Her father was at one time deprived of attention and care and, perhaps, therefore, he paid excessive attention to his only daughter. Masha became an exceptionally well-read and developed girl, but she lacked live communication with her peers. In his youth, mental illness began to develop. Masha Panteleeva spent several years in hospitals. She died three years after the death of her father.

Criticism

In the thirties, when Belykh was arrested, Panteleev miraculously managed to avoid repression thanks to Chukovsky. The children's writer and poet highly appreciated the talent of this author. Chukovsky noted the expressive language of Panteleev, as well as the sincerity and truthfulness that are present in his books. A person who has survived so many hardships cannot but inspire the confidence of readers. But, it is worth saying that Makarenko adhered to a different opinion about the book of Panteleev and Belykh. The creator of the "Pedagogical Poem" did not accept the "Republic of ShKID", or rather, the method that the protagonist of the story, Viktor Nikolaevich Sorokin, used in his work with pupils.

Features of the story

In the "Republic of SHKID" there are memoirs, essays, stories and portraits of heroes. The book by Panteleev and Belykh is often compared to the work of Makarenko. The main difference is that in the first the narration is not conducted on behalf of the teacher. The events described in the book about the street children who ended up in the school. Dostoevsky, are told from the perspective of difficult adolescents.

The authors of the story were interested in a variety of people. Each of the characters could become the main character, regardless of whether he was a pupil or a teacher. There is some confusion in the structure of the work. It is explained by the abundance of memories of school graduates. In the epilogue, written in 1926, the authors talk about their meeting with the heroes of the story. One of the Shkidians became another worked in a printing house, the third became an agronomist.

"I believe ..."

L. Panteleev was a deeply religious person, as evidenced by the last book. "I believe ..." - a work published after the death of the author. The book has a confessional character. In it, the author conveyed his thoughts, experiences. The last essay has little in common with the "Republic of ShKID" and numerous stories aimed at young readers.

The writer died in 1987 in Leningrad. He penned four stories and several dozen stories. Three films and one animated film have been created based on his works. But his name will always be associated with the book he created in co-authorship with Grigory Belykh - "Republic of ShKID".

Leonid Panteleev- Soviet writer loved by adults and children. It is often said that Panteleev had a special gift. His stories do not require illustrations, since the writer wrote his works so clearly and figuratively that the child plunged into a new world created by the author without the help of pictures. He wrote so well for children and about them that their parents always make their choice in favor of reading the works of this particular author with their children. Many who have heard about the author more than once are wondering what stories wrote Panteleev.
Many people who are familiar with his biography are interested in what stories Leonid Panteleev wrote. Many assume that due to a difficult childhood Panteleev could not write kind and good children's stories but this is not at all the case.

Anyone who is familiar with the work of Leonid can say what fantastic stories Panteleev wrote. The writer has written a book called "The Letter" You ", which has collected all the most popular and famous stories for children:" Fenka "," Honest Word "," Stories about Squirrel and Tamarochka "and" Letter "You". Every child likes the stories of Leonid Panteleev, who knew well how to reach out to the baby.

Exactly these stories Leonid Panteleev are written as if "in another language." They have a completely different style, and each hero of the works has his own character. V " Stories for children»One can see how the author is convinced of how tangible the difference in the perception of the world by a child and an adult is.

It must be said that such Panteleev's stories like "Our Masha", "Night", "Dolores", etc. The first of them is the author's diary, which he kept for many years. This book can be called a kind of "guide" for all parents.

Many parents who are interested in the work of authors writing for children ask themselves what stories L. Panteleev wrote. He is one of the most popular authors, whom almost every child knows and loves.

Brief biography of Leonid Panteleev

Leonid Panteleev, real name - Alexey Ivanovich Eremeev (1908 - 1987), prose writer.

Born on August 9 (22nd NS) in St. Petersburg in a military family. During the civil war, he lost his parents and in 1921 ended up in the Dostoevsky school for the homeless. This school is described in the first book by Panteleev (co-authored with G. Belykh) - "Republic Shkid". Memories of this school formed the basis of the essays "The Last Chaldeans" (1939) and the stories "Karlushkin's Focus", "Portrait".

Panteleev strove for a children's book to be a book of deep content, "where there would be humor, and heroics, and lyrics, and real human passions, and great thought." These qualities of Panteleev's books have earned their popularity.

In 1930 - 40 a number of his works were combined into the cycle "Stories of a Feat:" Package "(1932), telling about the civil war," Night "(1939)," Private Guard "(1943), dedicated to the events of the Patriotic War," New Girl " , "Handkerchief" (1952), the famous story "Honest word" (1941).

Some stories and stories by Panteleev were filmed (" Watch«, « Honestly"," Republic Shkid "," Plastic bag" and etc.). L. Panteleev died in 1987 in Moscow.
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Leonid Panteleev. Stories for
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Leonid Panteleev (Alexey Ivanovich Eremeev, 1908 - 1081) is a famous Soviet writer, author of dozens of stories, short stories and fairy tales. Some of them were filmed.

Childhood

Alexey Eremeev (real name of the writer) was born in 1908 in St. Petersburg. His family was well-to-do. His father served as a Cossack officer, and after a while he inherited the family business and began to trade in timber. This occupation brought in considerable income. Mother Alexandra Vasilievna came from a merchant environment, her dowry became a significant contribution to the well-being of the family. In addition to Alyosha, the younger Vasily and Lyalya were soon born.

The well-established and more than well-fed family life collapsed with the outbreak of the First World War. Sensing freedom, the father filed for a divorce from his mother. This was only possible in years when everything was crumbling around. After all, my father came from a very religious family. Be that as it may, Alexandra Vasilievna was left with three children in her arms and the need to feed and dress them on her own. She started giving music lessons.

In 1917, Alexey attended a real school. However, a revolution soon broke out, and life in the country turned upside down. All the main events passed by the boy. He fell ill and did not get out of bed for a long time.

Meanwhile, events developed in such a way that it became dangerous for the family to be in the very heart of the revolution. Moreover, very few people were interested in music lessons. So the Eremeevs ended up in the village of Cheltsovo, Yaroslavl province. Here Lesha's weakened body could not stand it, and he fell ill with diphtheria. To cure her son, Alexandra Vasilievna went with him to Yaroslavl, where they had to face the flaring up Civil War. Subsequently, the writer recalled how their hotel was repeatedly subjected to shelling, and the streets were pacing now white, then red.

Be that as it may, the boy recovered. The family moved again. Now to Tatarstan. However, hunger, lack of money and lack of work led to the fact that in 1919 Alexandra Vasilievna decided to return to St. Petersburg, where she had connections and acquaintances and had a chance to somehow get out of the resulting swamp. The children stayed with their aunt, and Lesha again ended up in the hospital.

The way to St. Petersburg

Upon returning home, Alexei realized that his childhood was over. In the absence of his mother, he himself had to take care of the family's food. However, he had little ability for this. He was constantly in trouble. He did not succeed in the role of a merchant, at first he was robbed, and then he himself was taught to steal. The work on the nearby farm didn't turn out well either. As a result, the boy ended up in an orphanage, but soon escaped from there and decided to move to Petrograd, to his mother. It is unlikely that he then had a good idea of ​​what path he had to overcome.

Alexei could not just get on the train and go in the direction he wanted. On the way, he had to earn a living. And his methods of making money were not always at odds with the law. So, he had to visit a children's colony, from where he fled and ended up in Menzelinsk. Here he was lucky to meet people who sent him to study, fed and clothed him. It was during this period that the boy wrote his first poems and even tried to work on the play.

However, the lull was short-lived, soon Alexei had to flee from the kulak uprising. The boy decided to continue on his way. However, he again had to wander around Ukraine for a long time. Only a year later he got home.

Life in St. Petersburg, Republic of ShKID

In St. Petersburg, his mother sent Alexei to study. However, his troubled life was not in vain. The boy constantly got into trouble because of his addiction to easy "earnings" in the form of theft. So, one fine day he ended up in the republic of SHKID.

The Dostoevsky School of Social and Labor Education at first seemed to Alexei as a real prison. However, it soon turned out that this stage became a turning point in his biography.

Firstly, it was here that he met his best friend Grigory Belykh. Secondly, it was within the walls of the school that he turned into Lyonka Panteleev.

And that was not all. Once Lenka Panteleev and Grigory Belykh escaped from school and after some time of vagrancy returned to Petrograd with an amazing idea. They decided to describe on paper those interesting events that SHKID witnessed and took part in. So, in 1927, the book of the same name was published, which made friends famous.

The book was reprinted several times until 1936, when the Belykhs were unexpectedly repressed. Panteleev managed to avoid a terrible fate only thanks to the intercession of people who were famous in those years.

World War II

During the outbreak of war, the writer had to be locked up in besieged Leningrad.

In 1942 he was evacuated to Moscow. All these years and after the war, the writer continues to intensively engage in his work.

A family

In 1956 Panteleev married the writer Eliko Kashia. The couple had a daughter, Masha, to whom the writer will dedicate the work "Our Masha" in the future.
Panteleev died in 1987.

BIOGRAPHY

Leonid Panteleev was born on August 22, 1908. He was a prose writer, publicist, poet, playwright.

The real name of Leonid Panteleev is Alexey Ivanovich Eremeev. This is how the boy was named, who was born in St. Petersburg into the family of a Cossack officer, a participant in the Russian-Japanese war, who received a noble title for his exploits.

In 1916, Alyosha was sent to the 2nd Petrograd Real School, which he did not graduate from. I must say, wherever he subsequently entered, he did not manage to graduate from any of the educational institutions. He generally could not linger in one place for a long time, his adventurous nature constantly demanded something different, something more ... He never betrayed only one thing - literary creation. His first "serious works" - poetry, play, stories and even a treatise on love - belong to the age of 8-9.

After the revolution, his father went missing, and his mother took the children to the Yaroslavl province, away from disaster and poverty. However, the boy could not stand it for a long time and in 1921 he returned to Petrograd again. Here he had to go through a lot: hunger, poverty, adventures with a roulette wheel. All these events formed the basis of the story "Lyonka Panteleev". In honor of this Lyonka, the famous raider of that time, Aleksey Ivanovich Eremeev took himself a mischievous literary pseudonym.

Finally, he ended up in a school for street children, where he met his future friend and co-author, Georgy Georgievich Belykh. Together they would later write one of the most famous books in the Soviet Union, Republic Shkid, about life in this school. And then - a series of essays dedicated to this topic, under the general title "The Last Chaldeans", stories "Karlushka's trick", "Portrait", "Clock", etc. Friends in Skida did not stay long either. They went to Kharkov, where they entered the courses of film actors, but then left this occupation for the sake of romance of wanderings. For some time they were engaged in real vagrancy.

Finally, in 1925, the friends returned to St. Petersburg, and L. Panteleev settled with G. Belykh in the annex to the house on Izmailovsky Proezd. Here they write "Republic Shkid", communicate with other writers: S. Marshak, E. Schwartz, V. Lebedev, N. Oleinikov. Their humorous stories and feuilletons are published in the magazines Begemot, Smena, Kinonedelya. In 1927 "Republic Shkid" was published, which immediately won the hearts of readers. It was noticed and approved by M. Gorky: "Pre-original book, funny, creepy." It was she who contributed to the release of the authors into the big literature.

Inspired by success, friends continue to create. In 1933, L. Panteleev wrote the story "Package", dedicated to the civil war. Its main character, Petya Trofimov, was recognized by critics as the "literary brother" of Tyorkin.

In subsequent years, the stories "Honest Word", "On a Yalike", "Marinka", "Guards Private", "About Squirrel and Tamarochka", "The Letter" You ", books" Living Monuments "(" January 1944 ") were published, "In the besieged city", memoirs about the writers - M. Gorky, K. Chukovsky, S. Marshak, E. Schwartz, N. Tyrsa.

In 1966, the book "Our Masha" was published, a diary about his daughter, which L. Panteleev kept for many years. It became a kind of guide for parents, and some critics even put it on a par with K. Chukovsky's book "From two to five".

In the Soviet Union, the writer was not only printed, but also filmed. Many stories and novellas by Panteleev were used as excellent feature films.