A message about the life and work of your favorite artist. The most famous Russian artists
Vasnetsov Viktor Mikhailovich a short biography of the famous Russian artist is presented in this article.
Viktor Vasnetsov short biography
Vasnetsov Viktor Mikhailovich was born on May 15, 1848 in the remote Vyatka village of Lopyal in a large family of a rural priest. Since childhood, Victor loved to listen to folk tales and songs, legends. They engendered in the boy a love for Russian folk art.
The boy's talent manifested itself at an early age, but due to lack of money, he was sent to a theological school, and then a seminary. Children of priests were admitted there free of charge. However, the craving for art led the 19-year-old seminarian from Vyatka to St. Petersburg, to the Academy of Arts.
While studying at the Academy, the young artist worked a lot (as an engraver and draftsman, he collaborated with a number of St. Petersburg magazines.). With great interest he created illustrations for the alphabet. But most of all, the artist was captured by thoughts about the heroic strength of Russian soldiers, about beauty, about freedom.
In 1876 Vasnetsov came to Paris at the invitation of Repin. At the exhibition, the artist's attention was drawn to a large painting about fairy knights. And again he remembered his idea of creating a picture dedicated to the Russian heroes.
In the summer of 1881 goals Vasnetsov painted sketches in Abramtsevo and began to work on the painting "Heroes". But only in 1898, Vasnetsov finished this picture.
Since 1893 Vasnetsov became a full member of the Russian Academy of Arts.
In 1899 Vasnetsov opened his first exhibition in Moscow, the painting "Heroes" became the central work on it.
The second half of the 19th century, this is the brightest and most eventful time in relation to Russian fine art, where the main characters - the founders - are our domestic artists, the Wanderers, tired of the academic monopoly and thirsting for reforms and freedom of choice.
The desire for independent creativity, brought together many painters in different ideological positions, the main of which was the rejection of imposed academism, with its primitive goals and direction, related to various mythologies with decorative overtones and props. The goal was simple, creating compositions on a free theme that would reveal and reflect the real life of Russian people, thereby bringing art closer to the common people.
And finally, in 1863, about 14 graduates of the Academy of Arts, with their firm decision, refused to complete their thesis, again everything on the topic of mythology - Feast on Valhalla. Led by I. Kramskoy, the artists insistently demanded to write their works on a free theme. Of course, the strict charter of the academy, under no circumstances, did not allow such liberties and they were denied. Looking at all this, many talented and determined students defiantly left this institution.
Finding themselves in such a situation, a group of artists headed by Kramskoy decided to create their own, independent union or artel of painters and write works on free topics. However, it did not last very long, about 7 years. And only in 1870 a more serious association was created, the now-known TPHV partnership, capable of organizing traveling art exhibitions in different cities of Russia, with paintings that truly reflected the real life of the people, the life of ordinary peasants, the beauty of the Russian outskirts.
Famous artists. TPHV
(1837 - 1887) Ivan Kramskoy is a wonderful master of the portrait genre, Portrait of an unknown beautiful stranger, II Shishkin and others. His famous painting Christ in the Desert caused a storm of emotions and a long-lasting controversy. A famous painter, one of the main reformers in art, known for his anti-academic activities, advocating for the free development of young painters. Kramskoy is the main founder and founder of TPHV. (1834-1882). His famous paintings Tea Party in Mytishchi, Arrival of the Stanovoy for the investigation, Paintings by Perov's brush are imbued with genuine tragedy: Old parents at the grave of their son, a very touching picture of Troika, the Birdcatcher, The Last Tavern at the Outpost, The Arrival of the Governess to the Merchant House, the Fisherman's painting, is also very popular canvas Hunters at Rest. which today is considered the most discussed and beloved by all hunters. (1830-1897) A wonderful landscape painter, master of the lyrical Russian landscape, his famous painting The Rooks Have Arrived, His other works are no less popular Forest road, At the gates of the monastery, Spring day. After Savrasov, the lyrical landscape gained a peak of popularity among his other colleagues. Savrasov revealed in his paintings all the subtle beauty of the Russian landscape with extraordinary lyricism, the mystery of being, which turned all the ideas of his contemporaries about the native Russian nature.(1832-1898) Famous paintings by Ivan Shishkin: Morning in a pine forest, Pine forest. Rye, Stream in the forest, a picture of a cold edge In the wild north, one of the favorite sketches of Pines illuminated by the sun. Park in Pavlovsk, beautifully detailed painting, Winter, with rich black and white contrasts, In the forest of Countess Mordvinova. Peterhof, Korabelnaya Roscha and many others. The famous and unique master of forest landscapes, (1844-1930) Famous canvases by Ilya Repin. Barge haulers on the Volga Religious procession in the Kursk province, Letter of the Cossacks, Ivan the Terrible kills his son, They did not expect, etc. Portraits of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy, military engineer A.I.Delvig, composers Mussorgsky, V.A.Repina, P.M. Tretyakov. Dragonfly. Repin's paintings and portraits are notable for their versatility; he painted a number of monumental genre paintings that have gained immense popularity among his contemporaries. (1831-1894) One of the leaders and organizers of the Association of Traveling Exhibitions. One of his notable works What is Truth ?, Christ and Pilate, at that time the picture was criticized by the clergy, for which it was removed from the exhibition. His other works were also banned: Works of the Court of the Sanhedrin. "Guilty of death !, Crucifixion, they were simply not allowed to exhibitions and were forbidden to demonstrate. Later he broke his work because of the monopoly of academism. Overgrown Pond ", Golden Autumn and the painting" Grandmother's Garden. After these works, he became a full member of the Itinerant Union. An excellent master who left a significant legacy of Russian landscape painting of the 19th and 20th centuries, distinguished by a touching emotional perception and bright saturation of colors. Polenov's creative potential was inclined to epic vision of the landscape (1848-1926) The famous master-painter.His famous works in this genre: Carpet plane, one of the most popular among the people Three heroes, Knight on the road, Alyonushka, a very beautiful canvas conceived after the fairy tale of Ivan Tsarevich on the gray wolf , Tsar Ivan the Terrible, Bayan, Snegurochka and many others. Many of these canvases played a huge role in the development of Russian national painting. As part of the Itinerants since 1878.
(1848-1916) A remarkable Russian painter, his famous works Boyarynya Morozova, Morning of the Streltsy Execution, Menshikov in Berezovo, the painting The Conquest of Siberia by Yermak and, Among his tragic works, the cheerful and festive painting The Taking of the Snow Town stands out. Surikov knew very well the Russian way of life and the customs of the past eras. In many of his works, he chose tragic fragments of Russian history. (1850-1873) The work of this young and very talented master who lived a small, short life, enriched Russian painting with many landscapes, such as Wet Meadow, Thaw, In the Crimean Mountains, the Swamp Painting is painted brightly in autumn colors and many others. Vasiliev was able to show in his works the nature of the transitional state from a dull bad weather to a sunny state. Favorite motives in his canvases are God-forgotten country roads, ravines, bumps, peasant dilapidated houses that have grown into the ground. (1841-1910) The famous paintings of Kuindzhi Moonlight night on the Dnieper, attracts with the calm grandeur of nature, Dnieper in the morning, Birch grove -In his works, he showed Russian nature in a hitherto unprecedented method of painting colors and light. Rays of light breaking through the fog playing in the puddles on the muddy roads. (1860-1900) The magnificent master of quiet and calm landscapes. Autumn day Sokolniki, Gloomy day, Evening bells After the rain, and the Golden Autumn conveying a bright autumn mood also enchant his compositions Above eternal peace, Evening, Spring. Big water, Quiet inhabited and Lake, Dandelions. Levitan's works require careful thoughtfulness, they cannot be quickly examined without understanding the author's intention. He was very fond of his native nature, often retiring with it, finding an understanding of its beauty. (1839-1915) For his creative biography he created a number of works, including many canvases from the everyday life of peasants Children running from a thunderstorm, Reaper, Peasant lunch in the field. Russian painter, representative of classical academicism. He personified in himself a person immersed in the world of the beautiful and graceful, an expert on human psychology and refined feelings. His portraits, Boyarynya at the window. VA Morozov, Portrait of Alexander II and many others. (1846-1920) A remarkable Russian painter, in his life work has always been an admirer of the genre of everyday life. Several of his famous canvases are compositions about Russian poverty in the villages (1858-1923). Russian painter, academician of the Academy of Arts, since 1888 he joined the Itinerant Union, and at this exhibition Stepanov's painting Losi brought him significant success. The artistic style of Stepanov attracts with its unique sketchiness with the limited use of the color of the paints of his palette, nevertheless, his strokes have transparency, the color of his canvases is not inferior to I. Levitan, therefore, like Levitan's, his landscapes are also called mood landscapes.
The work of the Itinerants attracted many painters with the ideological side of the visual arts, many tried to reveal the previously forbidden theme of the life of the oppressed peasantry, under the yoke of the unbridled power of the nobility and landowners. All works were written from the imagination and from nature, in the style of genre painting, gradually revealing compositional techniques and the scope of various characteristics in work that were never seen before in the academy.
In 1871, 16 artists prepared to demonstrate their first achievements at an exhibition in St. Petersburg, held at the Academy of Arts itself, and later began moving paintings to cities such as Moscow, Kiev and Kharkov. All these exhibitions were very successful and gave a huge incentive for the authors themselves and of course the development of culture in Russia. The results of the painters' works truly reflected the reality itself in portrait genres, in landscapes and, of course, canvases with characteristic signs of the historical direction, which made a lot of noise, ranging from the disgruntled rich and ending with a more democratic public that wants reforms in society.
Also, this whole movement was helped by sponsorship of patrons, one of whom was P.M. Tretyakov, who bought paintings from many masters and subsequently collected the whole Tretyakov Gallery, and later donated to the state. Also in the spread of pictorial propaganda, a certain positive role was played by the well-known critic of that time V.V. Stasov. For 50 years, there were already about 47 such traveling exhibitions, and of course, a realistic style of writing always prevailed there.
In conclusion, we can say that the second half of the 19th century characterized itself as the golden age of fine art in Russia and all this thanks to the courage and determination of the partnership, now famous artists, who left us as a legacy all this wealth, which today can be seen with our own eyes in various museums.
When it comes to the artists who worked on the "revival" of epics, fairy tales and legends, one of the first to remember is Vasnetsov. A biography for children will traditionally begin from the moment of the birth of a talented master and his childhood.
How was the childhood of the future artist?
And Viktor Mikhailovich was born on May 15, 1848 in a village called Lopyal, near Vyatka. His father, Mikhail Vasilievich, was a local priest. After the birth of his son, he was forced to move to another place - the village of Ryabovo. The mother of the future artist, Apollinaria Ivanovna, raised six sons (Victor himself was the second).
The life of the Vasnetsov family was not particularly rich. Their house was simultaneously attended by the customs and lifestyles characteristic of both rural and urban life. After the death of his wife, the father of the family, Mikhail Vasnetsov, remained in charge. A biography for children about the highlights of the future artist's life continues. Mikhail Vasilyevich was an intelligent and well-educated person, so he tried to instill in all his sons inquisitiveness, observation, to give them knowledge in various fields. But the grandmother taught to draw children. Despite poverty, adults have always found funds to buy interesting scientific journals, paints, brushes and other supplies for creativity and study. Viktor Vasnetsov, already in his childhood, showed an extraordinary penchant for drawing: in his first sketches there are picturesque countryside landscapes, as well as scenes of rural life.
Viktor Vasnetsov perceived other residents of the village as his good friends and listened with pleasure to tales and songs that they told during gatherings with dim light and the crackle of a torch.
Vasnetsov could not imagine his life without drawing from an early age
Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov, whose biography is the topic of our conversation today, began to draw very early. But in those days it was customary for the son to follow in the footsteps of his father, so he first went to study at a theological school, and then to a seminary in Vyatka. As a seminarian, Vasnetsov constantly studied chronicles, lives of saints, chronographs, and various documents. And special attention was attracted by ancient Russian literature - it further strengthened the love for Russian antiquity, which Vasnetsov was already distinguished by. A biography for children dedicated to this amazing artist should also mention that it was in the seminary that Vasnetsov received deep knowledge in the field of Orthodox symbolism, which later came in handy while working on
Studying at the seminary did not prevent Viktor Mikhailovich from diligently studying painting. In 1866-1867. 75 wonderful drawings came out from under his hand, which eventually served as illustrations for the "Collection of Russian Proverbs" by N. Trapitsin.
Vasnetsov was deeply impressed by his acquaintance with E. Andrioli, a Polish artist in exile. Andrioli tells his young friend about the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg. Vasnetsov was immediately eager to go there. The artist's father did not mind, but immediately warned that he would not be able to help financially.
The beginning of an independent life in St. Petersburg
However, Vasnetsov did not remain without support. Andrioli and his acquaintance, Bishop Adam Krasinsky, talked to the governor of Campaneyshchikov, and he helped them sell the paintings "The Milkmaid" and "The Reaper", which were painted by Vasnetsov. A biography for children should include a few more interesting points related to this. For the paintings sold, Vasnetsov received 60 rubles, and with this amount he went to St. Petersburg. The young man's modesty and uncertainty did not allow him even to look at the list of those enrolled in the academy after passing the exams. Victor, through acquaintances, was able to get a job as a draftsman in order to earn his living. Later Vasnetsov finds something to do to his liking and begins to draw illustrations for magazines and books. Then he entered the school of the Society for the Encouragement of Artists, where he met I. Kramskoy, who still has to play an important role in the life of a young artist.
Education at the Academy of Arts and the future life of the artist
In 1868 Vasnetsov again made an attempt to enter the St. Petersburg Academy. And he learns that the last time he still managed to pass the exams.
The time of studying at the academy gave Viktor Mikhailovich a lot of new interesting acquaintances. Here he becomes close and begins to be friends with Repin, Polenov, Kuindzhi, Surikov, Maximov, the Prakhov brothers, Antokolsky, Chistyakov.
Already during the first year of his studies, Vasnetsov received a silver medal, and then two more small medals for a sketch from nature and a drawing "Two nude sitters". Two years later, the teachers awarded him for the drawing "Christ and Pilate in front of the people", this time - a large silver medal.
This period became very difficult for Vasnetsov. In 1870, the artist's father died, and he began to take care of his maternal uncle, who also dreamed of the glory of a talented artist and was looking for an opportunity to earn money. Since 1871 Vasnetsov appears less and less at the academy, mainly due to lack of time and deteriorating health. However, he still worked fruitfully: during this time he completed more than 200 illustrations for "Soldier's Alphabet", "People's Alphabet", "Russian Alphabet for Children" (Vodovozov). The artist is engaged in illustration of fairy tales "The Firebird", "The Little Humpbacked Horse" and some others. Vasnetsov also manages to draw for himself - as a rule, these were drawings on everyday subjects.
1875 became the year of cardinal changes in the life of Viktor Mikhailovich. He leaves the academy because the need to make money comes first for him, and besides, because he wants to develop his talent on his own. At the exhibition of the Itinerants, his painting "Tea drinking in a tavern" appears, and work on "Beggar Singers" is also being completed. In 1876, he presented the paintings "Bookstore" and "From apartment to apartment".
In the same year, Vasnetsov had the opportunity to visit Paris. A visit to France boggles the artist's imagination, and under the impression of him he wrote the famous "Balagans in the Environs of Paris" (1877).
A year later, the artist returns to his homeland, gets married with Alexandra Ryazantseva and moves with his newly-made wife to Moscow.
The painting of the Vladimir Cathedral in Kiev is the most important work in the life of Vasnetsov
In 1885 A. Prakhov invites Vasnetsov to take part in the painting of the recently erected. After thinking, the artist agrees. He has already received minimal experience while working on the Abramtsevo Church of the Savior and epic canvases. Being a deeply religious person, it is in the painting of churches that Vasnetsov begins to see his real calling.
Vasnetsov worked on the painting in the Vladimir Cathedral for more than ten (!) Years. After all, he was instructed to paint both the main nave and the apse. The artist skillfully depicted important subjects from the New and Russian saints, ennobled the vaults with the help of amazing ornaments. In the history of art throughout the 19th century, the scale of the work done is unmatched. Indeed, during this time, Viktor Mikhailovich created over four hundred sketches, and the total area of the painting occupies more than 2 thousand square meters. m.!
The work was interesting, but also very difficult. After all, V.M. Vasnetsov, whose biography is the topic of our conversation, carefully studied the topic with which he was to work. To this end, he got acquainted with the monuments of early Christianity preserved in Italy, frescoes and mosaics that existed in the Kiev Sophia Cathedral, the painting of the Mikhailovsky and Kirillovsky monasteries. Vasnetsov also paid close attention to the study of related areas of art: folk art, Old Russian book miniatures. In many ways, when working, he was guided by the Moscow ones. Besides, Vasnetsov always checked whether his works were in sufficient agreement with the spirit of the Church. The artist was forced to discard many sketches due to the fact that he himself considered his works insufficiently ecclesiastical, or because the Church Council did not give consent to them.
Vasnetsov himself believed that his work in the cathedral was his personal "path to the light", to the comprehension of great values. Sometimes it was very difficult for him due to the fact that he could not portray this or that plot exactly as he saw it in his thoughts.
One of the most beloved images was the Mother of God Vasnetsov, depicted for the first time "with warmth, courage and sincerity." In many Russian houses of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. one could find her reproductions.
The work was completed in 1896, and in the presence of the tsar's family, the cathedral was solemnly consecrated. Vasnetsov's painting was a huge success, and already in the same year many proposals for decorating St. Petersburg, Warsaw, Darmstadt and other churches fell on the artist from all sides. The pinnacle of Vasnetsov's creativity as a monumentalist-decorator was his painting The Last Judgment.
Vasnetsov is an experimenter who combines age-old traditions and vitality in his work
While painting the Kiev Cathedral, Vasnetsov does not stop working in other genres in his free time. In particular, at this time he created a whole cycle of historical and epic paintings.
For some time, Viktor Mikhailovich devoted to the creation of theatrical scenery.
In 1875-1883. Vasnetsov was instructed to paint an atypical painting "The Stone Age", which was supposed to decorate the Moscow Historical Museum, which was opening soon.
But on one of his most famous paintings - "Heroes" - the artist worked for several decades, and finished his work in 1898. Vasnetsov himself called this picture his "obligation to his native people." And in April of the same year, he gladly took this painting so that it would forever become one of the brightest exhibits in his gallery.
Vasnetsov's paintings never left people indifferent, although violent disputes often developed around them. Someone admired and admired them, someone criticized them. But the amazing, "living" and having a soul of their own could not go unnoticed.
Vasnetsov died on July 23, 1926 at the age of 79 due to heart problems. However, the traditions that he initiated continued and continue to live in the works of artists of the next generations.
There are many talented personalities among Russian artists. Their work is highly valued all over the world and competes with such world masters as Rubens, Michelangelo, Van Gogh and Picasso. In this article, we have collected 10 of the most famous Russian artists.
1. Ivan Aivazovsky
Ivan Aivazovsky is one of the most famous Russian artists. He was born in Feodosia. From childhood, Aivazovsky showed his incredible creative abilities: he loved to draw and learned to play the violin himself.
At the age of 12, the young talent began to study in Simferopol at the Academy of Painting. Here he learned to copy prints and paint from life. A year later, he managed to enter the St. Petersburg Imperial Academy, although he had not yet reached the age of 14.
For a long time, the artist traveled to Europe and lived in Italy, where his paintings were also recognized at their true worth. So a young artist from Feodosia became a fairly famous and wealthy man.
Later, Aivazovsky returned to his homeland, where he received the uniform of the Naval Ministry and the title of academician. The artist also visited Egypt and was present at the opening of the new Suez Canal. The artist described all his impressions in pictures. By this time, he had already developed his own unique style and ability to write from memory. Aivazovsky sketched complex elements in a notebook in order to later transfer them to the canvas. The paintings "Odessa", "The Ninth Wave" and "Black Sea" brought him worldwide fame.
The artist spent the last years of his life in Feodosia, where he built himself a house in the Italian style. A little later, Aivazovsky added a small gallery to him so that everyone could freely enjoy his amazing paintings and drown in an ocean of colors. Today this mansion still serves as a museum and many visitors come here every day to see with their own eyes the skill of the marine painter who lived a long and happy life.
2. Viktor Vasnetsov
Viktor Vasnetsov continues the list of the most famous Russian artists. He was born in the spring of 1848 in the family of a priest in the small village of Lopyal. The craving for painting woke up in him at a very early age, but his parents could not give him a proper education due to lack of money. Therefore, at the age of 10, Victor began studying at a free theological seminary.
In 1866, with practically no money, he left for St. Petersburg. Vasnetsov easily coped with the entrance exam and entered the Academy of Arts. Here his friendship with the famous artist Repin began, with whom he later went to Paris. After returning to St. Petersburg, Vasnetsov begins to paint his most famous paintings: "Three heroes", "Snow Maiden" and "God of hosts".
The artist was able to fully reveal his talent only after moving to Moscow. Here he is cozy and comfortable, and each subsequent picture turns out better than the previous one. It was in Moscow that Vasnetsov painted such paintings as "Alyonushka", "Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf" and "Nestor the Chronicler".
3. Karl Bryullov
This famous Russian artist was born in 1799. Karl's father was a famous painter and professor at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Therefore, the boy's fate was a foregone conclusion. Fortunately, Karl Bryullov managed to inherit the artist's talent from his father.
Studying was very easy for the young artist. He was many times superior to the rest of the students in his class and graduated from the Academy of Arts with honors. After that, Karl went to travel to Europe, staying for a long time only in Italy. It was here that he created his masterpiece - "The Last Day of Pompeii", having spent about six years writing it.
Upon his return to St. Petersburg Karl Bryullov awaited fame and glory. They were glad to see him everywhere and certainly admired his new paintings. During this period, the artist creates several of his immortal paintings: "Horsewoman", "Siege of Pskov", "Narcissus" and others.
4. Ivan Shishkin
Ivan Shishkin is one of the most famous Russian landscape painters, who in his paintings could present any inconspicuous landscape in the most favorable light. It seems that nature itself plays on the canvases of this artist with living colors.
Ivan Shishkin was born in 1832 in Elabuga, which today belongs to Tatarstan. The father wanted his son to eventually take over as a city official, but Ivan gravitated towards drawing. At the age of 20, he left for Moscow to study painting. After successfully graduating from the Moscow School of Arts, Shishkin entered the Imperial Academy in St. Petersburg.
Later, he traveled for a long time throughout Europe, sketching amazing landscapes. At this time, he created the painting "View in the vicinity of Dusseldorf", which brought him great fame. After returning to Russia, Shishkin continues to create with renewed vigor. According to him, Russian nature is several hundred times superior to European landscapes.
Ivan Shishkin wrote many amazing paintings during his life: "Morning in a Pine Forest", "First Snow", "Pine Forest" and others. Even death overtook this painter right behind the easel.
5. Isaac Levitan
This great Russian master of landscapes was born in Lithuania, but lived in Russia all his life. Repeatedly his Jewish origin caused him a lot of humiliation, but never forced him to leave this country, which he idolized and praised in his paintings.
Already the first landscapes of Levitan received high marks from Perov and Savrasov, and Tretyakov himself even bought his painting "Autumn Day in Sokolniki." But in 1879, Isaac Levitan, along with all the Jews, was expelled from Moscow. Only through the huge efforts of friends and teachers he manages to return to the city.
In the 1880s, the artist painted many stunning paintings that made him very famous. These were "Pines", "Autumn" and "First Snow". But yet another humiliation forced the author to leave Moscow again and go to the Crimea. On the peninsula, the artist paints a number of amazing works and significantly improves his financial condition. This allows him to travel around Europe and get acquainted with the work of world masters. The pinnacle of Levitan's work was his painting Above Eternal Peace.
6. Vasily Tropinin
The great Russian portrait painter Vasily Tropinin had an amazing fate. He was born into a family of serfs of Count Markov in 1780 and only at the age of 47 received the right to be a free man. Even as a child, little Vasily had a penchant for drawing, but the count sent him to study as a pastry chef. Later, he is still sent to the Imperial Academy, where he shows his talent in all its beauty. For his portraits "The Lacemaker" and "The Beggar Old Man" Vasily Tropinin was awarded the title of Academician.
7. Petrov-Vodkin Kuzma
The famous Russian artist Petrov-Vodkin managed to leave behind a rich heritage in world painting. He was born in 1878 in Khvalynsk, and in his youth he was going to become a railroad worker. However, fate made him a world-famous painter.
8. Alexey Savrasov
The paintings of this Russian artist were already selling well when he was barely 12 years old. A little later, he entered the Moscow School of Painting and instantly became one of the best students. A trip to Ukraine helped Savrasov graduate from college early and receive the title of artist.
The paintings "Stone in the Forest" and "Moscow Kremlin" were made of this painter as an academician at the age of 24! The royal family is interested in young talent, and Tretyakov himself buys many of his works for international exhibitions. Among them were "Winter", "The Rooks Have Arrived", "Rasputitsa" and others.
The death of two daughters and the subsequent divorce greatly affects Savrasov. He drinks a lot and soon dies in a hospital for the poor.
9.Andrey Rublev
Andrei Rublev is the most famous Russian icon painter. He was born in the 15th century and left behind a great legacy in the form of the icons "Trinity", "Annunciation", "Baptism of the Lord". Andrei Rublev, together with Daniil Cherny, decorated many churches with frescoes, and also painted icons for iconostases.
10. Mikhail Vrubel
Our list of the most famous Russian artists is completed by Mikhail Vrubel, who has created many masterpieces in various themes during his life. He was engaged in painting the Kiev temple, and later in Moscow began to create his famous series of "demonic" paintings. This artist's creative throwings did not find proper understanding among his contemporaries. Only a few decades after the death of Mikhail Vrubel, art critics gave him his due, and the Church agreed with his interpretations of biblical events.
Unfortunately, the artist's personal life became the reason for the development of a severe form of mental disorders in him. The title of academician overtook him in an insane asylum, from which he was no longer condemned to leave. Nevertheless, Mikhail Vrubel managed to create many amazing works of art that are worthy of genuine admiration. Among them, it is especially worth highlighting the paintings "The Demon Sitting", "The Swan Princess" and "Faust".
The artist came from a fairly ancient and wealthy merchant family of the Shishkins. Born in Yelabuga in 1832 on January 13 (25). His father was a fairly well-known wealthy merchant in the city. He tried to give his son a good education.
Education
From the age of 12, Shishkin studied at the First Kazan Gymnasium, and at the age of 20 he entered the Moscow School of Painting. After graduation (in 1857) he continued his studies at the Imperial Academy of Arts as a student of Professor S.M. Vorobyov. Already at this time, Shishkin liked to paint landscapes. He traveled a lot around the outskirts of the Northern capital, visited Valaam. The beauty of the harsh northern nature will inspire him throughout his life.
In 1861, at the expense of the Academy, he went on a trip abroad and studied for some time in Munich, Zurich, Geneva, Dusseldorf. There he got acquainted with the works of Benno, F. Adamov, F. Dide, A. Kalam. The trip lasted until 1866. By this time, in his homeland, Shishkin had already received the title of academician for his work.
Homecoming and career peak
Returning to his homeland, Shishkin continued to improve his landscape technique. He traveled a lot across Russia, exhibited at the Academy, took part in the work of the Association of Traveling Exhibitions, drawing a lot with a pen (the artist mastered this technique while abroad). He also continued to work with the engraving "royal vodka", joining the circle of St. Petersburg aquafortists in 1870. His reputation was impeccable. He was considered the best landscape painter and engraver of his time. In 1873 he became a professor at the Academy of Arts (he received the title for the painting "Wilderness").
A family
In the biography of Shishkin it is said that the artist was married twice, with the first marriage to the artist's sister F.A.Vasiliev, and the second marriage to his student, O. A. Lagoda. From two marriages he had 4 children, of which only two daughters survived to adulthood: Lydia and Ksenia.
The artist died in 1898 (suddenly). At first he was buried at the Smolensk cemetery, but then the ashes and the tombstone were transferred to the cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Other biography options
- The artist's year of birth is not known exactly. The biographers' data vary (from 1831 to 1835). But in official biographies it is customary to indicate the year 1832.
- The artist drew superbly with pencil and pen. His pen work was very popular with the European public. Many of them are kept in the Art Gallery in Düsseldorf.
- Shishkin was an excellent naturalist. That is why his works are so realistic, spruce is like spruce, and pine is like pine. He knew perfectly Russian nature in general and Russian forest in particular.
- The most famous work of the artist "Morning in a pine forest" was created in collaboration with K. Savitsky. A little earlier this picture was written by another, "Fog in a Pine Forest", which the authors liked so much that they decided to rewrite it, including a certain genre scene. The craftsmen were inspired by a trip through the virgin Vologda forests.
- The largest collection of Shishkin's works is kept in the Tretyakov Gallery, slightly less in the Russian Museum. A large number of drawings and prints made by the artist are in private collections. Interestingly, a collection of photographs of Shishkin's prints was released