Nikita's childhood Alexey Tolstoy main characters. Research work Formation of Nikita's character (based on the story by A
How long have I been waiting for a high-quality re-release of this wonderful story! It is based on the memories of Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy about his own childhood, and the author dedicated it to his son. It begins with a touching dedication: “I dedicate it to my son Nikita Alekseevich Tolstoy with deep respect.” It is the writer’s deep respect for the inner world little man and we observe his feelings in the book. He managed to penetrate into the essence of the child’s experiences, into the very depths of the child’s soul, to find such simple, but the most correct words that were able to convey the fragile, touching world of childhood, filled to the brim with feelings and sensations, vivid events and impressions.
This is a wonderful, kind and bright story about one year in the life of a little nine-year-old boy Nikita. It is about childhood joys and sorrows, discoveries and adventures, about growing up, doubts and overcoming one’s own fears, about the first manifestation of feelings. In one of the chapters, the boy had just turned ten, and the father gave his son a “sea” holiday, congratulating him so playfully and sweetly: “I have the honor, Your Excellency, to inform you that according to the Gregorian calendar, as well as according to the calculation of astronomers around the globe , today you are ten years old, in fulfillment of which I have to give you this penknife with twelve blades, very suitable for maritime affairs, and also for losing it.”
The language of the narrative is clean and easy, the style is beautiful - it is magnificent prose, permeated with a lyrical, poetic feeling of beauty. And how magical Tolstoy’s descriptions of nature are! Nikita is very attentive to the changes taking place in nature, he feels like an integral part of it, it fascinates him and makes him happy. This is how Tolstoy describes the moment when Nikita went to accompany the village children home who were celebrating Christmas in their house: “Nikita went to accompany the children to the dam. When he returned home alone, the moon was burning high in the sky, in a rainbow-colored pale circle. The trees on the dam and in the garden stood huge and white and seemed to have grown and stretched out under the moonlight. To the right the white desert stretched into the incredible frosty darkness. A long, big-headed shadow was moving its legs at Nikita’s side. It seemed to Nikita that he was walking in a dream, in an enchanted kingdom. Only in an enchanted kingdom can it be so strange and so happy in the soul.”
The book so interestingly and wonderfully describes the life of the estate, the celebration of Easter, Christmas Eve and the children's Christmas tree in a noble house, the fun and games of the village children with whom Nikita is friends. Reading is a pleasure!
Illustrations by Nina Alekseevna Noskovich are a good visual representation of the story. They are unusual, dim, they use shades of only three colors - yellow, blue and brown. But they are so intelligent and modest, delicate and romantic. In my opinion, the drawings wonderfully convey the lyrical mood of the story and emphasize the difference between modern world and the world of a noble estate of the 19th century, people’s perception of that culture and today’s - nature, the passage of time, life in general.
The book is made with high quality: hard cover, stitched binding, thick offset, medium-sized but easy to read font. Obsolete words are explained in the footnotes at the bottom of the page.
I was somewhat upset by the typos, because you always expect only impeccable quality from Rech. On page 43, an unnecessary letter “p” crept into the word “runners”, turning them into “crawlers,” and on page 13, somehow the proofreader didn’t work out at all - there were two errors there at once:
“But there’s no glass in the case...”
“There are two frosty windows in the room; Through the glass one can see a strange moon, larger than usual.”
Because of this, I have to lower my rating for the book.
Nikita sighed, waking up, and opened his eyes. The sun was shining through the frosty patterns on the windows, through the wonderfully painted silver stars and palmate leaves. The light in the room was snowy white. A bunny slithered from the wash cup and trembled on the wall.
Opening his eyes, Nikita remembered what the carpenter Pakhom told him last night:
So I’ll lubricate it and water it thoroughly, and when you get up in the morning, sit down and go.
Yesterday evening, Pakhom, a crooked and pockmarked man, made Nikita, at his special request, a bench. It was done like this:
In the carriage house, on the workbench, among the ring-twisted, odorous shavings, Pakhom planed two boards and four legs; the bottom board from the front edge - from the nose - is cut off so that it does not get stuck in the snow; turned legs; There are two cutouts for the legs in the top board to make it easier to sit. The lower board was coated with cow dung and watered three times in the cold - after that it was made like a mirror, a rope was tied to the upper board - to carry the bench, and when going down the mountain, to straighten it.
Now the bench, of course, is ready and stands by the porch. Pakhom is such a person: “If, he says, what I said is the law, I will do it.”
Nikita sat down on the edge of the bed and listened - the house was quiet, no one must have gotten up yet. If you get dressed in a minute, without, of course, washing or brushing your teeth, then you can escape through the back door into the yard, and from the yard - to the river. There are snowdrifts on the steep banks - sit down and fly...
Nikita crawled out of bed and tiptoed across the hot, sunny squares on the floor...
At this time, the door opened slightly, and a head with glasses, protruding red eyebrows, and a bright red beard poked its head into the room. The head winked and said:
Are you getting up, robber?
ARKADY IVANOVICH
The man with the red beard, Nikitin’s teacher, Arkady Ivanovich, got wind of everything in the evening and purposely got up early. This Arkady Ivanovich was an amazingly efficient and cunning man. He entered Nikita's room, laughing, stopped at the window, breathed on the glass, and when it became transparent, he adjusted his glasses and looked out at the yard.
There is, he said, a wonderful bench by the porch.
Nikita remained silent and frowned. I had to get dressed and brush my teeth, and wash not only my face, but also my ears and even my neck. After that, Arkady Ivanovich put his arm around Nikita’s shoulders and led him to the dining room. Mother sat at the table at the samovar in a warm gray dress. She took Nikita by the face, looked into his eyes with clear eyes and kissed him.
Did you sleep well, Nikita?
Then she extended her hand to Arkady Ivanovich and asked affectionately:
How did you sleep, Arkady Ivanovich?
“I slept well,” he answered, smiling for some reason, with a red mustache, sat down at the table, poured cream into the tea, threw a piece of sugar into his mouth, grabbed it with his white teeth and winked at Nikita through his glasses.
Arkady Ivanovich was an unbearable person: he always had fun, always winked, never spoke directly, but in such a way that his heart skipped a beat. For example, my mother seems to have clearly asked: “How did you sleep?” He replied: “I slept well,” which means this needs to be understood: “But Nikita wanted to escape to the river from tea and studies, but yesterday Nikita, instead of translating German, sat for two hours at Pakhom’s workbench.”
Arkady Ivanovich never complained, that’s true, but Nikita had to keep his ear to the ground all the time.
Over tea, mother said that it had been very frosty at night, the water in the tub in the entryway had frozen, and when they went for a walk, Nikita needed to put on a cap.
Mom, honestly, it’s terrible heat,” Nikita said.
I ask you to put on your hood.
My cheeks are stinging and suffocating, I, mother, will catch a worse cold in my head.
Mother silently looked at Arkady Ivanovich, at Nikita, her voice trembled:
I don’t know who you have become unheard of.
“Let’s go study,” said Arkady Ivanovich, stood up decisively and quickly rubbed his hands, as if there was no greater pleasure in the world than solving arithmetic problems and dictating proverbs and sayings that make your eyes stick together.
In a large empty and white room, where a map of the two hemispheres hung on the wall, Nikita sat down at the table, covered in ink stains and drawn faces. Arkady Ivanovich opened the problem book.
“Well,” he said cheerfully, “where did you stop?” - And with a sharpened pencil he underlined the task number.
“The merchant sold several arshins of blue cloth at 3 rubles 64 kopecks per arshin and black cloth...” Nikita read. And now, as always, this merchant from the problem book introduced himself to him. He was in a long, dusty frock coat, with a yellow, sad face, all dull and flat, withered. His shop was as dark as a crack; on a dusty flat shelf lay two pieces of cloth; the merchant stretched out his skinny hands to them, took pieces from the shelf and looked at Nikita with dull, lifeless eyes.
Well, what do you think, Nikita? - asked Arkady Ivanovich. - In total, the merchant sold eighteen arshins. How much blue cloth was sold and how much black cloth?
Nikita wrinkled his face, the merchant completely flattened himself, both pieces of cloth entered the wall and were covered in dust...
Arkady Ivanovich said: “Ai-ai!” - and began to explain, quickly writing numbers in pencil, multiplying them and dividing them, repeating: “One in the mind, two in the mind.” It seemed to Nikita that during multiplication, “one in the mind” or “two in the mind” quickly jumped from the paper to the head and were tickled there so that they would not be forgotten. It was very unpleasant. And the sun sparkled in the two frosty windows of the classroom, luring: “Let's go to the river.”
The story is autobiographical in nature and is based on the author's memories of his own childhood. The narration is told in third person.
In winter, Nikita was given a bench to ride down the mountain, and in the morning the boy wanted to run away to the steep river banks, but he was caught by his teacher Arkady Ivanovich, an “amazingly efficient and cunning” man. Nikita had to wash up, have breakfast and do first arithmetic, then penmanship.
During penmanship, Nikita was lucky - they brought mail. Arkady Ivanovich, who was waiting for a letter, got distracted, and the boy slipped away. Approaching the Chagra River, Nikita saw his friends - boys from “our end” of the village of Sosnovka. A little further their enemies could be seen, the “Konchanskys” - guys from the far end of the village.
Nikita did not manage to ride to his heart's content - Arkady Ivanovich quickly overtook him and reported that a letter had arrived from his father in Samara. He promised to send Nikita a gift so large that it would require a separate cart, and for Christmas his mother’s friend Anna Apollosovna Babkina and her children would come to them. Arkady Ivanovich also received a letter from his fiancee, a Samara teacher.
Nikita tried to find out about the gift from his friend from the men's room. Mishka Koryashonok did not know anything, but he reported about the upcoming battle between “ours” and “Konchanskys”. Nikita promised to participate.
At night, Nikita dreamed that the cat wanted to stop the pendulum of the large clock that hung in the hall on the summer half of the house. The boy knew: if the pendulum stopped, “everything would crack, split, ring and disappear like dust,” but he could not move. Suddenly Nikita made a desperate effort of will and took off. He saw that there was a bronze vase on the watch case and wanted to take what was there, but the evil old woman from the portrait grabbed him with her thin hands, and the evil old man from the next picture hit him on the back with a long smoking pipe.
Nikita fell and woke up - Arkady Ivanovich woke him up and told him that the Christmas holidays began today.
Fourteen of his own days fell on Nikita - do what you want.
On the same day, a battle took place between “ours” and the “Konchanskys”. Under the pressure of the “Konchanskys,” “ours” trembled and ran. Nikita felt offended, and with all his might he hit the leader of the “Konchanskys” Styopka Karnaushkin, who, as Mishka claimed, had a charmed fist.
This turned the tide of the battle - “ours” rushed at the “Konchanskys” and drove them into five yards. Styopka respected Nikita so much that he invited him to “be friends,” and the former enemies exchanged valuable gifts.
It was boring in the evening. The wind howled in the attic. Nikita imagined how the Wind, “shaggy, covered in dust and cobwebs, sits quietly” and howls from boredom. The melancholy was interrupted by the arrival of Anna Apollosovna with her son Victor, a second-grade student at the gymnasium, and her unusually pretty nine-year-old daughter Lilya.
Nikita was fascinated by Lily's beauty. When the bull Buyan attacked the boys walking in the yard in the morning, Victor fell to the ground in fear, and Nikita stopped the ferocious animal. Lilya watched this feat through the window, which made the boy very happy.
A day later, a convoy arrived at the estate, which contained the gift promised to Nikita - a two-oared boat. Several evenings before Christmas, children glued decorations for the Christmas tree from colored paper. Then they put a huge tree up to the ceiling in the living room and decorated it with stars, gingerbread cookies, apples and candles.
In the evening, Nikita, Victor, Lilya and the children from Sosnovka were allowed into the living room to the Christmas tree.
She stood like a fiery tree, shimmering with gold, sparks, and long rays. The light coming from her was thick, warm, smelling of pine needles, wax, tangerines, and honey gingerbread.
The children sorted out the gifts and the holiday began. Nikitin’s mother Alexandra Leontyevna played the piano, and Arkady Ivanovich led round dances with the children around the Christmas tree. During this fuss, Nikita managed to stay alone with Lilya and kiss her. After tea, Nikita went to see off the satisfied and tired guests. His soul was light and happy.
Nikita preferred to stay at home with Lilya, while Victor became friends with Mishka Koryashonok. They built a snow fortress on a ditch behind the pond and challenged the “Konchanskys” to a fight. The walls of snow did not help: the “Konchanskys” launched an attack, and soon “the defenders of the fortress ran through the reeds on the ice of the pond.”
Nikita didn’t understand why he was bored playing with the boys. Looking at Lilya, he felt happiness, “as if somewhere inside him a music box was spinning, playing gently and cheerfully.”
The boy told Lila his dream, and the girl wanted to know if there was actually a bronze vase on the clock, and what was in it. On the mahogany clock in my grandfather’s office there was indeed a vase in which Nikita found “a thin ring with a blue stone.” The boy immediately put this ring on Lily's finger.
The guests were about to leave. Lilya promised to write, and it seemed to Nikita “that everything in the world was over,” and he would never again see the shadow of Lilya’s huge bow on the wall of the room.
After the Babkins left, Nikita's vacation ended. Arkady Ivanovich introduced a new subject - algebra, which turned out to be more boring and drier than arithmetic. The boy’s father, Vasily Nikitievich, who was waiting in Samara to receive an inheritance, wrote that the matter was delayed, he would have to “go to Moscow to work” and he would only be home for Lent.
The letter upset Alexandra Leontyevna. Vasily Nikitievich had not been home for a long time, and she was afraid that Nikita would completely forget his father. Nikita knew that he would always remember this cheerful, red-cheeked man, a little careless and frivolous. Getting carried away, Vasily Nikitievich could spend his last money on a completely unnecessary thing, which sometimes brought his wife to tears.
Severe frosts hit. Nikita was rarely allowed into the yard. The boy walked around bored and remembered Lila. Noticing this, Alexandra Leontyevna decided that her son was sick. Nikita's algebra classes were canceled, they started giving him castor oil and sending him to bed early. Nikita became happier three weeks later, when a strong damp wind blew from the south.
Following the wind, rooks flew to the old nests, and spring began. Nikita walked around sleepy, stupefied by the wind and the cry of rooks, and was tormented by ominous premonitions. One day, having climbed into the Plugar booth, Nikita began to ask God that everything would be fine, and that he would feel at ease again. The prayer helped: mother looked at him not strictly, as in last days, but gently and affectionately, as before.
There was a heavy downpour at night, and the next morning a spring flood began. During the day, Nikita was frightened by the news that Vasily Nikitievich was drowning in a ravine filled with melt water.
In the evening, the happily rescued Vasily Nikitievich drank tea at home and told how he got home on a newly purchased thoroughbred stallion, was unable to cross a ravine filled with water and actually almost drowned, but the men arrived in time - they pulled both him and the horse out. Alexandra Leontyevna was so happy that she didn’t even get angry with her husband for a completely unnecessary purchase.
Vasily Nikitievich had a fever for three days, but there was no time to be sick for a long time - he had to prepare for sowing. Alexandra Leontievna started a big spring cleaning of the house. Then eggs were painted and Easter cakes were baked at the estate. During the week, Nikita's parents were so tired that they did not go to stand the Great Matins, and Arkady Ivanovich, who had not received a letter from the bride, was in a gloomy mood.
Nikita was released alone for matins in Kolokoltsevo, ordered to stay with his father’s old friend Pyotr Petrovich Devyatov. Nikita quickly became acquainted with the six sons and daughter of Pyotr Petrovich. The brothers vied with each other to complain to Nikita about their sister Anna, a terrible sneak.
After matins and the Easter treat, Anna followed Nikita on his heels. The boy was uncomfortable and ashamed, and the Devyatov brothers began to laugh at him. Finally, Nikita understood: Anna felt the same for him as he did for Lila, but still rejected the girl’s friendship.
With no one, only with Lily alone, he could have those strange words, special looks and smiles. And with the other girl - it was a betrayal and a shame.
Spring came, blackbirds ran between the trees, and a cuckoo began to crow in the forest. One day Vasily Nikitievich asked his son which horse from the herd he liked best. Nikita pointed to the meek, dark red gelding Klopik and thought that this conversation was not without reason.
On Nikita's birthday, the eleventh of May, a new boat was launched onto the water of the pond. Then Vasily Nikitievich proclaimed Nikita the “frog admiral” and raised on the flagpole the admiral’s standard with the image of a frog standing on its hind legs.
One day Nikita found a yellow-throated birdling that had fallen out of the nest and took it into the house. The boy named the chick Zheltukhin, built him a house, fed him worms and protected him from the house cat. At first Zheltukhin was afraid of Nikita and thought that he would certainly eat him, then he got used to it, learned to fly and became a member of the family along with the cat Vasily Vasilich and the hedgehog Ahilka.
Zheltukhin lived with Nikita until the fall and learned to speak Russian. All day the starling flew around the garden, and in the evening he returned to his house on the windowsill. In the fall, Zheltukhin was lured into a flock of migrating starlings.
We've arrived free days between spring field work and mowing. Mishka Koryashonok was put in charge of grazing the horses, and Nikita went to him for the whole day - he learned to ride a horse. Alexandra Leontievna was afraid that her son would break his arms and legs, but Vasily Nikitievich did not want his son to become “some unfortunate Slyuntyai Makaronych” and gave him Klopik. Nikita learned to care for a horse and from that day on he rode only on horseback.
When the time came for the grain to ripen, a drought came to the estate. Nikita's parents walked around with worried faces.
One more day of this damned heat, and here you have a hungry winter, typhus, cattle are dying, children are dying...
Arkady Ivanovich was also sad - his bride could not come to Sosnovka due to her mother’s illness and now she will see her groom only in the fall, in Samara.
After lunch, when Nikita’s parents lay down to rest, Zheltukhin flew into the room. Nikita poured water into a saucer for him, the starling drank, bathed, and then sat on the barometer and said in a “gentle voice”: “Burrya.” And then Nikita saw how the barometer needle moved from the “very dry” mark to the “storm” sign. In the evening a terrible thunderstorm began with heavy rain. The harvest was saved.
Nikita has a new responsibility - to ride Klopik to the neighboring village to get the mail. The evil drunkard postmaster never gave away newspapers and magazines until he read them himself. Six times a year he drank, and then it was better not to enter the post office at all.
This time Nikita again received only letters. One of them was from Lily. The girl wrote that she remembers Nikita and has not yet lost his ring. The boy smelled the memories of Christmas and his heart began to beat joyfully.
Nikita's parents had been quarreling for three days already. Vasily Nikitievich wanted to go to the fair to sell the restive mare, but Alexandra Leontievna did not let her husband in - she was afraid that he would spend too much money. Finally, the couple came to an agreement: Vasily Nikitievich promised his wife “not to spend crazy money at the fair,” for which he came up with the idea of selling a cart of apples there.
As a result, the apples remained unsold; they had to be given in addition to the mare. Vasily Nikitievich, hiding his eyes, told Nikita that he had bought a batch of camels quite by accident and “terribly inexpensively”, and tomorrow he would go to see a trio of gray, dapple-colored horses - he would still get it at home for nuts.
August has arrived. Vasily Nikitievich and his son spent whole days on the thresher and himself fed the sheaves into its “dusty bowels.” Nikita liked to return home on a cart full of fresh, golden straw.
The Milky Way is spread out with a luminous fog. On a cart, as if in a cradle, Nikita sailed under the stars, calmly looking at distant worlds.
Autumn came. Vasily Nikitievich again left for Samara and a week later reported that “the matter with the inheritance... has not advanced a single step.” He did not want to live a second winter apart, asked Alexandra Leontyevna to move to the city and threatened to buy “two amazing Chinese vases.”
Alexandra Leontyevna did not like the city, but the news of the purchase of unnecessary vases prompted her to get ready in three days. Arkady Ivanovich, on the contrary, was happy and looked forward to meeting his bride.
In a white one-story house, two Chinese vases and Anna Apollosovna were waiting for Alexandra Leontyevna, and an angry Lilya was waiting for Nikita. She demanded her letter back, and Nikita remembered with horror that he had never answered it. The boy began to make excuses, and Lilya forgave him for the first time.
For Nikita, the freedom of the countryside ended and city life began in seven uninhabited and cramped rooms. The boy felt like a prisoner - the same as Zheltukhinn in the first days. A week later, Nikita passed the exams and entered the second grade of the gymnasium.
Class: 4
The purpose of the lesson: through an analysis of the characters of the characters in the story, determine which character traits are the main ones.
Lesson objectives:
- Learn to identify learning task;
- Learn to plan the completion of a learning task;
- Create a favorable emotional mood;
- Remember the content of the story;
- Describe the characters in the story;
- Develop the ability to work with text;
- Analyze your character traits;
- Continue work on developing speech, memory, critical thinking;
- Develop the ability to work in a group.
List of equipment for the lesson:
- Literary reading. 4th grade. Textbook for general education organizations complete with audiopril. per electron carrier. At 2 o'clock Part 1/ L.F. Klimanova, L.A. Vinogradskaya, M.V. Boykin; Ross. acad. Sciences, Ross. acad. education, publishing house "Enlightenment". - 4th ed. - M.: Education, 2014. - 158 p. : ill. - (Academic school textbook) (Perspective);
- Literary reading. 4th grade. Creative notebook for general education. organizations / T.Yu. Koti; Ross. acad. Sciences, Ross. acad. education, publishing house "Enlightenment". - 3rd ed. - M.: Education, 2013. - 79 p. : ill. - (Perspective);
- Multimedia equipment for showing presentations, computer;
- Phonogram of the song “Island of Childhood” performed by M. Boyarsky;
- Checked workbooks literary reading;
- Strips of phrases from the text for organizing work in groups (according to the number of groups).
- Leaflets for writing syncwine.
Planned results
Subject:
- Determine what mood the works you read create.
- Characterize literary characters based on the work you read.
Metasubject:
- Determine the learning objective of the lesson.
- Plan the implementation of educational activities in accordance with the assigned educational task.
- Carry out logical analysis, highlighting essential and non-essential features.
- Carry out a logical comparison action based on given and independently selected criteria.
- Carry out the logical action of generalization.
- Communicate your position to others, giving reasons for it.
Personal:
- Compare your personality traits with personality traits literary heroes;
- Assess your character traits;
- Determine which features are the main and defining ones;
- Motivate for educational activities;
- Develop cooperation skills in different situations.
During the classes:
1. Organizational moment. |
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Checks readiness for the lesson. |
Check their readiness for the lesson. |
2. Motivation for active educational and cognitive activity (emotional mood). |
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Board. Annex 1
Read the poem by S.Ya.Marshak. What country are we talking about? Why did they decide this? |
Read S. Marshak's poem independently. Explain the meaning of the expression “island of childhood”. |
3. Message of the topic and formulation of the objectives of the lesson. |
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Today we continue our conversation about A. Tolstoy’s work “Nikita’s Childhood”. Try to formulate the objectives of the lesson. |
Get acquainted with the topic of the lesson. |
4. Updating knowledge. |
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Read... Test yourself. Who disagrees? Why? |
Read the phrases on the board aloud one at a time. Check their work against the example on the board. |
5. Check homework |
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What should you have done at home? |
Open the workbooks on page 45. Check the completion of the table. Complete the table. Find answers to questions in the text, strengthening the ability to work with text, paying attention to details. |
6. Physical exercise |
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7. Organization of cognitive activity |
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Work in the workbook, pp. 46-47 |
Open the workbooks on pp. 46-47. |
8. Homework |
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We work in thin notebooks on literature. Write down the number. |
They open thin notebooks on literature. |
9. Reflection |
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Let's try to write a syncwine. What it is? What are the writing rules? What topic would you suggest? |
They remember that cinquain is a quintet and the rules for writing it |
10. Summing up |
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To summarize the lesson, complete the phrases: |
Summarize the lesson and complete the proposed phrases. |
11. Self-esteem. |
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Think about what grade you could give yourself for the lesson, put this grade on back side leaf. Hand in the syncwine leaves. |
Everyone evaluates their own work and writes the result on a piece of paper. This can be either a regular score or the number of “bonuses” that are recorded and accumulated in a separate teacher’s journal. The slips are handed over to the teacher. |
12. Emotional reflection. |
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Imagine yourself as an artist. What colors could you use to depict your childhood? What colors predominated? Why? 2. Write a syncwine |
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