Recreational resources short message. World recreational resources
All types that can be used to meet the needs of the population for recreation and tourism. Based on recreational resources, it is possible to organize economic sectors specializing in recreational services.
Recreational resources include:
- natural complexes and their components (relief, climate, reservoirs, vegetation, animal world);
- cultural and historical attractions;
- economic potential of the territory, including infrastructure, labor resources.
Recreational resources are a set of elements of natural, natural-technical and socio-economic geosystems, which, with appropriate development of productive forces, can be used to organize a recreational economy. Recreational resources, in addition to natural objects, include any types of matter, energy, information that are the basis for the functioning, development, and stable existence of the recreational system. Recreational resources are one of the prerequisites for the formation of a separate sector of the economy - the recreational economy.
IN modern world Recreational resources, that is, the resources of natural areas as areas for recreation, treatment and tourism, have acquired great importance. Of course, these resources cannot be called purely natural, since they also include objects of anthropogenic origin, primarily historical and architectural monuments (for example, the palace and park ensembles of Petrodvorets near St. Petersburg and Versailles near Paris, the Roman Colosseum, the Athenian Acropolis, Egyptian pyramids, the Great Wall of China, etc.). But the basis of recreational resources is still made up of natural elements: sea coasts, river banks, forests, mountainous areas, etc.
The growing flow of people “to nature” (recreational explosion) is the result of the scientific and technological revolution, which, figuratively speaking, unloaded our muscles, strained our nerves and tore us away from nature. Every country in the world has one or another recreational resources. People are attracted not only by the beaches of the Mediterranean, Tropical Africa and the Hawaiian Islands, Crimea and Transcaucasia, but also by the mountains: the Andes and the Himalayas, the Pamirs and Tien Shan, the Alps and the Caucasus.
Classification of recreational resources in balneology
- Elementary resources: climate resources; components of the natural landscape (types of landscape, degree of landscape comfort, etc.); temporary (seasons of the year); spatial-territorial (geographic latitudes, solar radiation and ultraviolet radiation zones);
- Hydrographic elemental resources: water; natural monuments - open reservoirs, springs, etc.;
- Hydromineral elemental resources: medicinal mineral waters; healing mud; medicinal clays; other medicinal natural resources;
- Forest elementary resources: state forest fund; natural reserve fund, etc.; urban forests (on the lands of urban settlements), forests - natural monuments, etc.;
- Orographic elementary resources: mountainous areas; flat areas; rough terrain; health-improving areas and resorts;
- Biological elemental resources:
- Socio-cultural elementary resources: components of the cultural landscape (ethnicity, folk epic, folk cuisine, folk crafts, museums, art galleries, panoramas, cultural monuments of various forms of ownership, etc.); a range of recreational institutions (clubs, cultural centers, discos, restaurants, bars, nightclubs, casinos, bowling alleys, slot machine halls, etc.);
- Road transport elementary resources:
- air transport: availability of the nearest major airport, convenient schedule of arrivals and departures of aircraft;
- railway transport: state of development of the railway network; convenient train arrival and departure schedules;
- road transport: state of development and quality of the road network; availability and convenient operating hours of gas stations, service stations, food outlets and consumer services;
- Basic labor resources (medical, technical and service personnel, provision of departmental housing and dormitories, home ownership; mortgage lending for the purchase of housing, etc.)
- Communication elementary resources (state of development of communication services, radio, long-distance pay phone, multi-program television, relay stations: Internet, cell phone);
- Basic healthcare resources: development of the municipal and private healthcare system to provide emergency qualified medical care; compulsory and voluntary health insurance services; the level of professional training of medical personnel of sanatorium and resort organizations, the required composition of medical specialists; availability of a license, etc.;
- The level of development of basic resources of the banking system and its accessibility;
- Energy elemental resources;
- Basic service resources: hairdressing and beauty salons, cosmetology salons; clothing tailoring and repair shop; dry cleaning; laundry; shops, etc.;
- Basic sports leisure resources (gyms, sports halls, sauna with swimming pool, sports grounds, etc.)
Service areas
Imagine modern life without schools, hospitals, volume of demand for services. A theater cannot exist in a village or town. Perhaps the only service industry that has large regional differences is recreational economy.
Scientists have long found out that for high efficiency A working person needs regular and proper rest. Without this, one should not expect great labor feats from an employee. But you can also relax in different ways: someone just lies on the couch and watches TV, while others take out their backpack and go hiking. In the latter case, the world's recreational resources, or in other words, resources for recreation and tourism, are of great importance.
What is recreation?
It is believed that the term “recreation” came to us from Latin: recreation - “restoration”. There is such a word in Polish - recreatja, which means “rest”. It is worth noting that there is still no single and generally accepted scientific definition of this concept in the world.
We can say that recreation is the process of restoring a person’s vital forces (physical, moral and mental), which were spent in the process labor activity. At its core, recreation can be tourist, medical, resort, health, sports, etc. Types are also distinguished according to time frames: short-term, long-term (with or without interruption from work), seasonal. Recreation can also be organized or unorganized (so-called wild recreation).
Basic Concepts
From the definition of the term “recreation” other important concepts can be derived: “tourist and recreational resources” and “recreational activities”. The second term means special kind economic activity aimed at restoring human strength. Moreover, the word “economic” in combination with the word “activity” suggests the possibility of generating income.
The study of these and some other related concepts is carried out by such sciences as recreationology and recreational geography. Among the scientists of these disciplines one can find geographers, biologists, economists, and psychologists, because they were formed at the intersection of several fields of knowledge. In particular, it studies the features of the distribution of recreational resources and facilities across the territory of our planet, as well as individual countries. Recreational resources of the world and their study are also within the purview of this science. They will be discussed further.
Recreational World Resources
They began to worry scientists and researchers around the middle of the twentieth century. It was then that the first serious scientific developments in this area began to appear.
Recreational resources of the world are a complex of recreational objects (created by nature or man) that are suitable for the development of recreational activities on their basis.
What can be a recreational facility? Yes, anything, as long as the object has a recreational effect. It could be a waterfall, a mountain peak, a sanatorium, a city park, a museum or an old fortress.
The main properties of such resources include:
- attractiveness;
- geographical accessibility;
- significance;
- potential stock;
- method of use and others.
Classification
The world's recreational resources still do not have a unified classification. Each researcher has his own view on this issue. However, the following types of recreational resources can be distinguished:
- Recreational and therapeutic (treatment).
- Recreational and health (treatment, health improvement and resort holidays).
- Recreational and sports (active recreation and tourism).
- Recreational and educational (excursions, cruises and travel).
This classification seems to be the most successful and understandable. Although there are many others, according to which the world's recreational resources are divided into:
- natural (created by nature);
- natural-anthropogenic (created by nature and modified by man);
- historical and cultural (created by man);
- infrastructure;
- non-traditional.
Very interesting last group, which combines the resources necessary for the development of unusual or extreme ones. This could be ancient cemeteries, dilapidated castles, underground catacombs, etc.
Recreational and medicinal resources of the world
They are intended to organize, first of all, human treatment. This can be both complex therapy of the whole organism and individual organs and systems.
Recreational and medicinal resources of the world include the following objects:
- healing mud;
- mountain resorts;
- sea coasts;
- salt lakes, etc.
Recreational and health resources of the world
This group includes all resources on the basis of which treatment can be carried out, as well as the recovery of the body (for example, after major operations). Such resources include resorts and resort areas (sea, alpine, ski, forest, etc.).
Among the most popular resort areas in the world are the following:
- Hawaiian Islands;
- Seychelles;
- Canary Islands;
- Bali island;
- island of Cuba;
- (France);
- Golden Sands (Bulgaria), etc.
Recreational-sports and recreational-cognitive resources
Majestic mountain systems (Alps, Cordillera, Himalayas, Caucasus, Carpathians) attract a huge number of active tourists and extreme sports enthusiasts. After all, there are all the necessary recreational and sports resources here. You can go on a mountain hike or conquer one of the peaks. You can organize an extreme descent down a mountain river or go rock climbing. The mountains have a wide range of diverse recreational resources. There are also a huge number of ski resorts here.
Recreational and educational resources include many different objects: architectural, historical and cultural. These can be fortresses, palace complexes, museums and even entire cities. Thousands of tourists annually visit countries such as France, Italy, Spain, Poland, Austria, Switzerland and others.
The most famous museum in the world is, of course, the Louvre, which houses the richest collections of exhibits. Among them you can see ancient Assyrian bas-reliefs and Egyptian paintings.
Peterhof, located near St. Petersburg, is considered one of the largest and most elegant palace complexes in the world. A large number of tourists go to India to see the miracle of world architecture - or to Egypt to look at the famous Egyptian pyramids with their own eyes, or to Croatia to wander through the narrow streets of medieval Dubrovnik.
Recreational and tourism potential of Russia
Russia's recreational resources are very rich and diverse. Thus, the Black Sea, Azov, and Baltic coasts, as well as the Altai Mountains, have enormous potential for the development of resort tourism and therapeutic recreation.
Historical, cultural and educational recreational resources of Russia are also widely represented. In this regard, such regions of the country as the North-West, North Caucasus, Kaliningrad region, as well as the cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kostroma, Tver, Kazan have the greatest potential. In Kamchatka, Sakhalin Island and Lake Baikal, recreation can be successfully developed.
Finally
Thus, the world's recreational resources are very diverse and rich. These include ancient cities, amazing architectural structures, high mountains and rushing waterfalls, museums and castles covered in legends.
Nowadays, recreational resources have become of great importance in the world. These are objects and natural phenomena that can be used for recreation, treatment, and tourism. These resources combine both natural objects and objects of anthropogenic origin, which include historical and architectural monuments (Petro Palace, French Versailles, Roman Colosseum, Athenian Acropolis, Egyptian pyramids, Great Wall of China). But still, the basis of recreational resources is made up of natural elements: sea coasts, banks of rivers, lakes, mountains, forested areas, healing springs and mud.
IN last years There is a “recreational explosion” on Earth, which manifests itself in the increasing impact of the flow of people on nature. This is the result of the scientific and technological revolution, the isolation of man from nature.
Every country in the world has one or another recreational resources, but vacationers are most attracted to countries such as Italy, France, Spain, Switzerland, Bulgaria, India, Mexico, and Egypt. In these countries, rich natural and recreational resources are combined with cultural and historical attractions. The development of international tourism brings considerable income to many countries.
The process of dividing a territory, in which areas are identified by the presence of special recreational characteristics and tourist areas are identified. The WTO identifies 6 major tourism macro-regions of the world: Europe, America, Asia-Pacific, Africa, the Near and Middle East, South Asia.
Europe occupies the western part of the Eurasian continent. The main part of Europe is made up of flat and hilly areas. The largest plains are the East European, Central European, Middle and Lower Danube, and the Paris Basin. Mountains occupy 17% of the territory. The main mountain systems are the Alps, Carpathians, Apennines, Pyrenees, part of the Caucasus.
In most of the territory the climate is temperate. In the west it is oceanic, in the east it is continental. On the northern islands the climate is subarctic and arctic, in southern Europe– Mediterranean. Much of Northern Europe is covered by modern glaciers.
Occupying a small part of the Earth (4% of the land), Europe is one of the most densely populated regions of the world (786 million people).
Income from tourism in European countries amounted to more than 230 billion in 2001. US dollars (48% of global tourism receipts). The most visited countries in Europe by tourists are France, Spain, and Italy. And in total, among the 10 most attractive countries in the world, 6 are located in Europe.
In Europe, in terms of tourist arrivals, the leading position is occupied by the Mediterranean countries (Italy, Spain, Greece), which account for about 20% of the world market.
America is located in the Western Hemisphere. It consists of 2 major tourist regions - North America and Central-South American. The North American region includes the USA, Canada, Mexico, and the Danish island of Greenland. Area 23.5 million sq. km. in the north it is washed by the waters of the Arctic Ocean, in the west by the Pacific Ocean, in the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and in the south it borders on central America and the Caribbean. Covers zones from the arctic zone (in the north) to the tropical zone (Mexico, southern USA). The relief for the most part consists of plains and low mountains, although the mountain ranges of the high Cordillera stretch for several thousand km from north to south (the highest point is McKinley - 6193m). vegetation includes coniferous and deciduous forests. Palm trees and ficus trees grow in the states of Florida and California, and in Mexico.
Rare coniferous vegetation is also found in Alaska, northern Canada, and southern Greenland.
America is rich inland waters– river system, lakes, artificial reservoirs. The Mississippi River and its tributary Missouri are one of the longest rivers on Earth (6420 km).
A huge water system is formed by the Great Lakes, three of which (Superior, Huron, Michigan) are among the largest in the world. The St. Lawrence River connects them to the Atlantic Ocean. The Niagara River cut through the hilly hills and connected Lakes Erie and Ontario. Falling off the ledge it forms the system of the world famous Niagara Falls.
The population of North America in 2000 was 413 million people. very diverse racial and national composition.
The standard of living among the three countries (Canada, USA, Mexico) is heterogeneous. Canada ranks 3rd in the world in this indicator, the USA – 6th, Mexico – 51st.
The region of Central and South America with an area of 19.14 million sq. km. located south of the Mexican border to the extreme point of the mainland - Cape Horn. In the east the region is washed by the waters of the Atlantic, in the west by the Pacific Ocean. The region contains 48 states of different political systems and different levels of socio-economic development.
In the meridian direction, one of the longest mountain ranges in the world stretches across all of South America - the Cordillera (the highest point is the city of Acongagua - 6960m). The rest of the area is made up of plateaus and plains, among which the largest Amazon lowland on earth stands out.
The climate on the continent ranges from tropical to harsh subarctic (southern islands of Antarctica). South America is the wettest continent on Earth. The largest river basin, the Amazon, is located here.
The region's population is 420 million people (2002).
Overall the region's share Latin America accounts for about 5% of the world market of international tourist arrivals.
The macroregion of Southeast Asia and Oceania is the largest macroregion in the world in terms of spatial coverage.
SE Asia– a region located in the extreme southeast of Eurasia and adjacent island groups with a total area of 4.5 million sq. km. Over half of the region's territory is occupied by the Indochina Peninsula (the third largest in the world in terms of area) and mountainous areas to the northeast of it. The main part of Southeast Asia is the Malay Archipelago. The coasts of Southeast Asia are washed by the waters of the Pacific and Indian oceans. The region includes 11 countries - Brunei, Vietnam, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and the Philippines.
Oceania is more than 7 thousand. islands in the Pacific Ocean. It is divided into three parts: Melanesia - the southwestern part of the ocean, where four sovereign states are located (Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji), Micronesia - the northwestern part of the ocean, where three sovereign states are located (Federated States of Micronesia , Marshall Islands, Palau), Polynesia, where 6 states are concentrated (New Zealand, Samoa, Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga, Tuvalu).
The mainland and island parts of Southeast Asia have much in common in history and modern surface structure: a strong dissection of the relief, in which mountain ranges of different ages are combined with lowlands located in the deltas of the largest rivers. In Southeast Asia, especially its island part, there are many volcanoes, including active ones.
Most of the islands of Oceania are volcanic and coral, some of them are the tops of underwater ridges. There are also mainland islands. The Great Barrier Reef stretches along the east coast of Australia.
Southeast Asia is located in 2 climatic zones: equatorial (most of the Malay Archipelago) and subequatorial, or equatorial monsoons, which have small seasonal variations in the island part of the region and stronger ones in some areas on the mainland. The influence of monsoon winds is enormous, the alternation of which causes the change of dry and rainy seasons. The western part of the region is generally wetter. The highly dissected relief contributes to a wide variety of climates.
Most of Oceania is located in the equatorial, subequatorial and tropical zones. Only New Zealand and its adjacent islands are subtropical and temperate. The climate of Oceania is warm, mild, especially favorable for recreation.
In Southeast Asian countries, more than half of the territory is occupied by forests.
Lots of palm trees, bananas, bamboos, orchids, ferns, mosses. Among the animals of interest are elephants, rhinoceroses, wild bulls, tigers, panthers, and monkeys. The population of Southeast Asia and Oceania is 530 million and 12 million people, respectively.
Income from tourism is growing at a rate more than double the world average. The share of tourism is about 11% of total GDP. The most visited countries by tourists are Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia.
The African macroregion is the states of continental Africa located south of the Sahara Desert, as well as a number of island states and territories in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean (more than 69 countries). Area 24.3 million sq. km. There are 4 regions - Western, Central, Eastern and Southern Africa.
The relief is predominantly flat. East Africa is characterized by deep cracks and breaks in the earth's crust.
Among other continents, Africa occupies a special position. Her extreme points in the north and south they are approximately equally distant from the equator. Most of the continent is located between the two tropics in the equatorial, subequatorial and tropical zones. Its southern edge enters the subtropics. Coastline Africa is slightly rugged. Due to its location, Africa is the hottest continent on Earth. The Sahara Desert stands out in particular.
The longest river in the world flows in Africa - the Nile River (6671 km). The second longest and deepest river is the Congo. On the Zambezi River there is one of the largest waterfalls in the world - Victoria.
Among natural areas, tourists are most impressed by equatorial forests. There are more than 1000 species of trees alone. The rarest species of animals include: brush-eared pigs, pygmy hippopotamuses, okapi - relatives of the giraffe, and leopard.
At the equator there is eternal summer, eternal equinox.
Savannahs occupy about 40% of the continent's territory. Such an abundance of large animals as in African savannah nowhere in the world. There are antelopes, striped zebras, long-legged giraffes, the largest mammals on earth - elephants and buffaloes, and formidable rhinoceroses.
Next to herbivores, there are numerous orders of predators - lions, leopards, cheetahs, genes. The world of birds is unusually rich - from the smallest sunbird in the world to the largest - the African ostrich.
On the African continent, unlike other regions, there are no sharp ups and downs in the development of tourism. Individual countries, such as Kenya, Zambia, Mauritius, Morocco, Algeria, have only noticeably improved their performance. After 2003, interest in visiting South Africa increased.
The Near and Middle East is a vast macro-region of the world, stretching from the shores of the Mediterranean Sea to Pakistan in the East, from the southern edge of the Sahara Desert to the Mediterranean coast of Cyprus in the north. The total area is 14.8 million sq. km. the macroregion includes 16 states. The Suez Canal and the Strait of Gibraltar are important for the development of tourism.
The population in 2002 was 438 million people. The service sector plays an important role in the region's economy. Tourism will especially stand out.
Middle Eastern region by the beginning of the 21st century. became the leader in terms of the rate of increase in tourist flow. Tourists and pilgrims from all over the world flocked to historical and biblical sites associated with the earthly life of Jesus Christ. However, the renewed Palestinian-Israeli conflict has effectively stopped the flow of tourists to Israel. Nevertheless, the overall growth rates of tourist flows are impressive (24.1 million versus 14 million in 1996). These successes can be attributed to Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, and Iran.
South Asia - total area 4.6 million sq. km. In the north and northwest it is limited by the Himalayan and Hindu Kush mountain systems, the Iranian Plateau, and in the east by the Assam-Burma mountains. From the south, the shores of South Asia are washed by waters Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.
There are 7 countries in the region, and only Nepal and Bhutan do not have access to the ocean. The largest country is India, the smallest is the Maldives.
The nature of the countries of South Asia is picturesque and diverse. The highest mountain system in the world is the Himalayas (the highest point of Chomolungma is 8848m).
The population of South Asia in 2002 was 1397 million people.
Legal support of SKST
1. Innovations in the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Tourism Activities”.
1. The Law “On Tourism” is amended: Small business travel agencies are preparing to provide financial guarantees 12/12/2006. To change the methods of state influence on the tourism business and ensure financial protection of the rights and legitimate interests of consumers of tourism services in conditions of termination from January 1, 2007 licensing of travel agency and tour operator activities, the government bill “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Tourism Activities in Russian Federation" It was submitted to a plenary meeting of the State Duma on Friday. This was announced on Monday by the chairman of the Duma Committee on economic policy, entrepreneurship and tourism Evgeniy Fedorov. According to the text, it is envisaged that Federal Law 132-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Tourism Activities in the Russian Federation” will introduce the concept of “financial guarantee”, defined as a guarantee of compensation for losses arising from non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of the tour operator’s obligations to consumers of tourism services. The size of the financial guarantee is differentiated depending on the type of tour operator activity (international tourism activities and domestic tourism). The bill clarifies the basic concepts of “tourist product”, “tour operator activity”, “tourist package” used in the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Tourism Activities in the Russian Federation”, and also introduces new ones into the law - “international tourism”, “tour guide (guide, guide -translator)", "excursion service" and "tourist". Other changes and additions to the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Tourism Activities in the Russian Federation” are proposed based on the practice of its application and in order to implement the provisions of this bill. To ensure the validity of the norms of the draft federal law “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Tourism Activities in the Russian Federation”, the adoption of a resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation “On approval of the Procedure for the provision of services by travel agents” will be required.
Each of us is looking forward to summer, when we can go to a seaside resort, to the mountains or to ordinary house recreation, located in our middle zone. Today there are more than enough leisure options for every taste both in our country and abroad.
When choosing what to do in the summer, we most often don’t even think about the fact that all this - the sea coast, mountains, mineral springs and other resort areas - is a recreational resource of our country that needs to be developed, protected and increased.
What are recreational resources?
A name that frightens many "recreational resources" denote everything that can be used to organize recreation and tourism. On their basis, many countries create entire recreational industries that satisfy the needs of their own population and foreign citizens for a comfortable and healthy vacation.
Recreational resources usually include:
— territories in which conditions for recreation have naturally developed or artificially created;
— sights of a historical or cultural nature;
— infrastructure, population and other factors that relate to the economic potential of a particular territory.
These are resources on the basis of which it is possible to form an effectively operating recreational economy, i.e. a complex of natural, socio-economic and historical-cultural factors that will provide conditions for recreation and health improvement for people on a fairly large scale.
Recreational industries have acquired enormous importance in the modern world. Entire states are building their recreational facilities to ensure stable replenishment of the state budget and economic development of the regions at their expense.
The basis of recreational resources, as a rule, are natural landscape components: the sea coast, a mountain range, picturesque banks of a river or lake, forests or steppes, mineral springs, therapeutic mud.
In second place in importance are historical and cultural monuments: palace and park ensembles, museums, places of memorable historical events, etc. But all this does not bring the expected effect if it is not supported by a developed infrastructure and adequate service.
Types of recreational resources
The radical change in lifestyle that has occurred over the last century has significantly increased the role of recreational resources and the recreational industry for the population. The scientific and technological revolution removed most people from physical labor and the natural environment, moving them into completely artificial habitats and forcing them to spend entire days sitting, standing at a machine or conveyor belt.
Therefore, the best types of recreation for many of us are communication with nature - swimming in the sea, walking in the forest or on the river bank, hiking in the mountains or rafting on a stormy river. For another part of society, recreation is about getting new experiences - educational excursions to historical or cultural attractions are more suitable for them.
We must not forget about health tourism, as well as many other types of recreation. All this together constitutes recreational resources different types.
— Climatic resources – areas with certain types of climate: coastal, high-mountain, cold, etc. The most comfortable areas for relaxation are areas with tropical and subtropical climates.
— Water resources are a whole range of natural or artificial water objects: seas, rivers, lakes, ponds, etc. As a rule, they form the basis of the recreational complex.
— Forest resources – forests located in accessible areas and suitable for recreation. These can include almost all forest areas, except those located in heavily swampy areas.
— Balneological resources are mineral and thermal springs, ponds with medicinal mud, used for the treatment and prevention of a number of diseases.
— Landscape resources are various types of natural or artificially created landscapes that are of interest for hiking, automobile, horseback riding, cycling, skiing and other types of tourism.
— Excursion tourism resources include historical, architectural and cultural attractions, beautiful and unusual landscapes, ethnocultural, entertainment, industrial and other objects that may be of interest to vacationers.
Russia has enormous recreational potential, which today is beginning to be realized at a qualitatively new level in the most beautiful and environmentally friendly corners of our country.
In the field of tourism and recreation, recreational resources are important, therefore, in order to determine the possibility of using the territory for recreational purposes, it is necessary to study and evaluate the tourism resources that the territory has.
Recreational resources are all types of any resources that can be used to meet the needs of the population for recreation and tourism. Based on recreational resources, industries can be organized, specializing in recreational services.
Recreational resources include:
- 1) natural resources (climate, water, plants, animals);
- 2)cultural and historical attractions;
- 3) economic potential of the region, including infrastructure, human resources.
A recreational resource can be any place that meets two criteria:
- 1) the place differs from the habitat familiar to a person;
- 2) represented by a combination of two or more naturally different environments;
Recreational resources can be classified in the following order:
- 1) by origin;
- 2) by type of recreational use;
- 3) by the rate of depletion;
- 4) if possible, economic replenishment;
- 5) possible replacement of some other resources;
- 6) possible self-healing and cultivation;
Participation in recreational resources during recreational activities can be different in nature:
- 1) perceived visually - landscapes, excursion objects;
- 2) use without direct costs;
- 3) directly consumed during rest;
Based on their origin, natural recreational resources are divided into physical, biological, and energy-informational.
Physical recreation resources are all components of inanimate nature, classified as physical and geographical resources: geological, geomorphological, climatic, hydrological, thermal.
Energy-informational recreational resources look like fields of noospheric nature, serving as factors of attraction of an area or landscape and positively influencing the psychophysical (emotional and spiritual) state of a person.
By biological recreational resources we mean all components of living nature, including soil, fauna, and flowers.
All natural recreational resources - in combination with each other and inextricably linked flows of matter and energy, form complex recreational resources of natural-territorial recreational objects;
Against this background, the types of natural recreational resources are highlighted: geological, morphological, climatic, etc. Each type of natural recreational resources has characteristics against which the following types exist:
Use whenever possible (direct and indirect).
- 1) depending on the degree of attractiveness;
- 2) on health - beneficial properties;
- 3) on historical and evolutionary uniqueness;
Tourist resources are a fusion of components of nature, socio-economic conditions and cultural values, which act as conditions for satisfying human tourism needs. Tourist resources can be divided into groups
- 1) natural (climate, water resources, relief, caves, flora and fauna, National parks, picturesque landscapes).
- 2) cultural-historical (cultural, historical, archaeological, ethnographic objects;).
- 3) socio-economic conditions and resources (economic and geographical location of the territory, its transport accessibility, level of economic development, labor resources, etc.
It can be emphasized that recreational resources are a broader concept than tourism because they include components of nature, socio-economic conditions and cultural values as a condition for meeting the recreational needs of all rights, including medical ones.
Climate plays a leading role in biomedical assessments. The analysis should determine comfortable conditions determined by climatic and medical-biological characteristics, but the concept of “comfort” is relative, because for some types of recreation (for example, skiing) comfortable conditions can be considered typical for the winter season and for the middle zone of transition seasons.
During the psychological assessment, first of all, the aesthetic qualities of the territory are taken into account - exoticism and uniqueness. Exotic territory is defined as the degree of contrast. Scientists have proposed a number of provisions designed to measure aesthetic territory. So, the most attractive are: water, land, forest, meadow, hill-plain.
Environmental assessment of natural recreational resources necessary for the economic justification of investments in the reproduction, protection and improvement of the use of recreational resources. This assessment is largely related to the type of resource and its quality, location relative to areas of demand, technology of use, and environmental qualities. The connection can be expressed in a system of qualitative and quantitative indicators. Quantitative ones include the availability of recreation and tourism, their consumption of medical resources per person per day, the level of comfort of people in recreational areas, etc.
Efficiency is determined by the ability to relax combination various types activities, which will require an integrated approach to resource assessment.
There are various methods for assessing natural recreational resources, but the more common and most appropriate analysis of the recreational complex of a territory is to assess the simplicity of certain parameters of recreational research. By revising natural resources It is advisable to use a profactor-integral assessment of a resource depending on the type of recreation or sport in which this resource is used.
Standards are also very important for the development of the tourism industry. accounting anthropogenic load on natural systems. Thus, a necessary condition for the suitability of natural and recreational resources is environmental well-being environment.
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