The role and meaning of the epigraph in the story “The Captain's Daughter. Test on the work of M.Yu. Lermontov “Mtsyri” What is the meaning of the epigraph Mtsyri test

The epigraph to the novel “The Death of Vazir - Mukhtar” is taken from the eight-line “Inscription” by E. A. Baratynsky.

Look at this cold face.

Look: there is no life in it;

But how on it are the passions of old

The mark is still visible!

So fierce the current, frozen,

Hangs over the abyss

Having lost the former menacing roar,

Keeping the movement in sight.

After reading the novel, I associated the lines of the epigraph with the portrait of Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov, which was given by Yu.N. Tynyanov in his work. He is a prim, reserved, ambitious, outwardly very cold, lonely person. But he was also a passionate man. He was a writer, poet, diplomat. His “Woe from Wit” was banned from publication. This was the pain of his soul, the cause of constant worries.

Griboyedov thinks about Russia, about its well-being. He draws up a project for the transformation of Transcaucasia, knowing that this region is very rich, and tries to interest Nesselrode and Rodofinikin, but again fails.

Alexander Sergeevich is not indifferent to women. He has an affair (maybe more accurately, an affair) with ballerina Katya Teleshova. close relationship with Bulgarin's wife Lenochka. The novel mentions his former mistresses in Moscow. It seemed to me that he sincerely loved Nina Chavchavadze, a Georgian girl with wonderful eyes. And he marries her, thinks about her, misses her if she’s not around...

But the epigraph also seems to me to be a condensed description of the life and death of Griboyedov. After his death they talked about him as if he were a living person, they sent him letters and epigrams, young ladies talked about him with aspiration, his wife Nina did not receive letters from him and thought that the impetuous Wazir - Mukhtar had forgotten her. He hung in this world, in this life, like an icy waterfall. And, if Vazir-Mukhtar died, then Griboyedov is alive. Because his “Woe from Wit” lives on.

If, after reading the epigraph, we turn to the introduction, then the lines “So the fierce current, frozen, hangs over the abyss...” are associated with the time that came after December 1825. Chilling time... The passionate generation of the twenties with their jumping gait, love for girls, secret societies, duels were broken. They ducked down, the blood drained from this generation. But they were! Their souls were simply frozen.

The meaning of the epigraphs in "The Captain's Daughter"

In the late twenties and early thirties A.S. Pushkin turns to the study of Russian history. He is interested in great personalities and their role in the formation of the state. The writer addresses the current topic of peasant uprisings. The result of his labors were the works “The History of Pugachev”, “ Captain's daughter", "Dubrovsky", "The Bronze Horseman".

“The Captain's Daughter” is Pushkin’s final work. It talks about a peasant uprising, the leader of which was the Cossack Emelyan Pugachev. The narration is told from the perspective of the main character, who in his youth witnessed and participated in the events described.

The epigraph to the chapter “Sergeant of the Guard” reveals Andrei Petrovichev and Petrusha’s understanding of the duty of an officer. Pyotr Grinev is a young nobleman, a district ignoramus. He received a provincial education from a Frenchman who “was not an enemy of the Bottle” and loved to drink too much.” His father, Andrei Petrovich Grinev, considered the concept of duty from the position of an officer. He believed that an officer is obliged to carry out all orders from his superiors, “to serve faithfully to whom one swears allegiance.” His father immediately says that “Petrusha will not go to Petersburg,” and sends him to the remote Belogorsk fortress. Andrei Petrovich Grinev does not want his son to learn to “wind and hang around.”

The epigraph to chapter 11 is an old song. In the chapter “Counselor,” a “peasant” appears, who subsequently becomes the leader of the uprising. With the appearance of Pugachev in the novel, an alarming, mysterious atmosphere arises. This is how Petrusha sees him already in a prophetic dream: “The man jumped out of bed, grabbed an ax from behind his back and began to swing it in all directions... The room was filled with dead bodies... The scary man called me affectionately, saying: “Don’t be afraid...”

Pushkinsky Pugachev is “woven” from folklore. It is no coincidence that his appearance during a snowstorm, which becomes a symbolic harbinger of rebellion.

In “The Duel,” Shvabrin advises Grinev: “... so that Masha Mironova comes to you at dusk, then instead of tender poems, give her a pair of earrings.” Therefore, a duel takes place between Grinev and Shvabrin.

The epigraph to the fifth chapter “Love” talks about Masha. This is an ordinary Russian girl who hopes to meet her love. Therefore, her attention is attracted by Shvabrin, exiled to the Belogorsk fortress for participating in a duel. At first, she is attracted by the education and erudition of the young officer. However, Shvabrin soon commits a series of vile acts, which forces Masha to indignantly reject his advances. Masha meets true love in the person of Grinev.

The epigraph to chapter six contains a song. The chapter “Pugachevshchina” talks about how an “unknown force” - Pugachev’s army - is spontaneously approaching the Belogorsk fortress. The Pugachev uprising brings with it destruction and death.

The chapter “Attack” reflects the key situation of “The Captain’s Daughter” - the capture of the fortress by Pugachev and the behavior of the heroes. All participants in the events find themselves in a situation of choosing life or death: each of them makes it in accordance with their ideas about morality, honor and duty.

In the eighth chapter, Grinev becomes an “uninvited guest” at Pugachev’s. At the “strange war council” main character hears a “mournful barge hauler song”: “Don’t make noise, mother green oak tree.” His “pyitic horror” is shocked not only by the song itself, but by the people singing it, “doomed to the gallows.”

The epigraph to the chapter “Separation” contains the main idea: the “sad” separation of two lovers. However, they pass this test with dignity.

In chapter ten, Grinev faces a choice: the duty of an officer or his feelings. “In the Night” he tries to save Marya Ivanovna.

In “Rebel Settlement” Pugachev receives Grinev “affectionately”. The leader of the uprising lives by the principle: “Debt is worth paying.” Therefore, he decides to once again help Pyotr Grinev save Masha from Shvabrin.

In the chapter “Orphan” Grinev and Pugachev come to the Belogorsk fortress. There they find Masha “in a ragged peasant dress,” “with disheveled hair.” She was left an orphan - she “has neither father nor mother.” The captain's daughter places all her hopes for salvation on her beloved Grinev. However, the main savior is Pugachev, who expresses a desire to be “planted by the father” at their wedding.

In the thirteenth chapter, “Arrest,” a new test appears for the lovers: Grinev is arrested and accused of treason.

In the last chapter, “The Court,” Grinev does not want to talk about the captain’s daughter, who is involved in the story with Pugachev. However, Masha Mironova herself was able to overcome all the obstacles and arrange her happiness. Masha's honesty and sincerity helped to obtain forgiveness for Grinev from the empress herself.

1. What is the meaning of the epigraph to M. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”?

The epigraph of M. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”: “I am part of that force that always wants evil and always does good” - taken from Goethe’s “Faust”. It shows the role of Woland in the philosophical system of the novel. Woland punishes those who deserve punishment for their misdeeds. Only the court of the devil can be given over to that system that does not submit to the moral (God's) court. Being an evil force, Woland objectively does good.

2. What are the features of the composition of M. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”?

The novel “The Master and Margarita” is a novel within a novel. The novel about Yeshua and Pilate, written by the Master, is included in the novel by M. Bulgakov. Events unfold in three space-time planes. The present time of action is four days of Holy Week 1929 in Moscow. Here are given both dramatic episodes of the creativity and love of the Master and Margarita, and satirical scenes of Moscow life. Historical, biblical time includes events taking place in Yershalaim: Pilate’s interrogation of Yeshua, the trial and execution of Yeshua. The fantastic plan expands time and space into infinity; This includes the adventures of Woland and his retinue in Moscow and the departure into infinity of the novel’s heroes. In all three worlds, there are heroes and events that are similar in function.

3. What is the satirical line of M. Bulgakov’s novel “Master and Margarita” connected with?

The satirical plan of the novel is associated with the image of Moscow in the late 1920s and early 30s. The writer flaunts the bureaucracy, greed, vulgarity, theft of Muscovites, presenting them in a grotesque form (a suit signing papers without an owner; an institution singing in a choir; MASSOLIT, which has become a feeding ground for nosy mediocrities, etc.). Satire is almost everywhere connected with the actions of Woland and his retinue, exposing the shortcomings both in people and in the state.

4. How is the problem of retribution for good and evil solved in M. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”?

M. Bulgakov did not see in his contemporary reality a force that would punish evil and reward virtue. Therefore, he assigns the function of retribution to an unreal devilish force - Woland. Woland rewards deserts and crimes. Berlioz is punished by cutting off his head, Ivan Bezdomny - madness, Pilate - immortality, which is worse than death.

5. What is the moral and philosophical meaning of the scene of the conversation between Pontius Pilate and Yeshua Ha-Nozri in rumor M. Bulgakov’s “Master and Margarita”?

The conversation between Yeshua and Pilate appears as a drama of ideas. Yeshua is physically weak, but internally free man, convinced of the idea of ​​good. Horseman of the Golden Spear Pontius Pilate, the fifth procurator of Judea, is a personally brave warrior. But he is afraid of power. Spiritually unfree, he turns out to be a coward before Caesar. M. Bulgakov considered cowardice to be the most terrible human vice, from which betrayal and murder grow. Material from the site

6. What is the strength and what is the weakness of Yeshua’s preaching in M. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”?

The power of Yeshua's preaching lies in the conviction of the existence of an ideal. Yeshua acts as an exponent of the pure idea of ​​goodness and faith. But his preaching is not backed up by concrete action. The idea of ​​goodness turns out to be weak in everyday practice.

7. Why is the Master awarded peace and not light as the highest reward?

The master was rewarded not with light (for he is not a saint), but with peace, with what is so important for creativity and what he always lacked in life. M. Bulgakov follows the world tradition, which considers peace as one of the highest human values.

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On this page there is material on the following topics:

• What is the punishment for betrayal and cowardice in the novel The Master and Margarita
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• spiritual weakness in the novel The Master and Margarita
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(A poem is a large poetic work with a detailed plot. A poem is usually classified as a lyric epicknowledge, because, talking about the fates of their heroes, drawingpictures of life, the poet expresses his own thoughts in the poempi, feelings, experiences.)

1. IN romantic works(including in the poem) an exceptional hero acts in exceptional circumstances against the backdrop of unusual pictures. Re-read the excerpt from chapter 1 of the poem “Mtsyri”. Prove that the poet painted a romantic landscape. Which artistic media used Lermontov?

(This landscape, of course, can be called romantic,because every detail of it is unusual, exotic- mountain ranges, bizarre as dreams,” smoke at dawn; Bybanks of a mountain stream - “piles of dark rocks”, snowy peaksSome mountains are hidden in the clouds. Main artisticThe techniques in the poem are personification and comparison. At the heart of the meta-fish-personifications about the two banks of a mountain stream lies a Russian folk riddle (“Two brothers look into the water, neverwill come together"). Comparisons: the tops of the mountains “smoked like altars”;the snow burns “like a diamond”, the clouds are compared to a caravan of white birds. Landscape: shown through the eyes of the hero and conveys his thoughtsfeelings. The first picture (the banks separated by a stream) is loneliness, despair. Final image (clouds heading east towards the Caucasus)- irresistible urgehomeland).

1. In what meter and with what rhymes is the poem written? How does this affect the character of poetic speech?

(The poem is written in iambic tetrameter. Rhymes are only masculineAnde. This helps convey the emotion of the narrator's speech.(after all, we have a confession before us) and, moreover, gives courageousexistence, precision, beauty of poetry.)

1. Remember the scene of the fight with the leopard. What qualities of the hero appeared in this battle? Why did the young man defeat the mighty beast?

(This scene perfectly characterizes the main character. Mtsyriappears here as an extraordinary person: he can handle anything,Even an almost unarmed man manages to escape in hand-to-hand combat.kill a predatory beast. Thirst for achievement, daring, courage forcedThey force the young man to enter into a mortal battle. The poet is constantlyemphasizes that his hero is a stranger among people (at least among those with whom he is forced to live), but in a world of wildnature, he feels like one of his own (like a steppe animal).

1. Epigraph to the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov's "Mtsyri" is taken from:

b) the Bible;

c) ancient Russian chronicles;

d) poems by Horace.

1. What is the meaning of the epigraph?
   a) rebellion against fate;

b) repentance, hopeless humility;

c) protection of the human right to freedom.

1. To which literary direction can you attribute the poem?

a) sentimentalism;

b) realism;

c) romanticism;

d) classicism.

1. What is the role of descriptions of nature in the poem “Mtsyri”?

a) nature is opposed to the monastery as freedom versus captivity;

b) nature is opposed to the hero, enters into a struggle with him;

c) nature deceives the hero, again directing him to the monastery;

d) nature is multifaceted: it opposes the hero, freedom, servicelives up to the development of the plot.

1. What moment in the plot of the poem is central?

a) escape from the monastery;

b) meeting a girl;

V) the battle With leopard;

1. Mtsyri’s confession reads:

a) anger, indignation;

b) humility, repentance;

c) sadness, reflections;

d) assertion that one is right;

1. What is the main idea of ​​the work?

a) denial of the religious morality of asceticism and humility;

b) longing for will;

V)affirmation of the idea of ​​fidelity to ideals in the face of death;

d) a call to fight against any manifestation of despotism.

The role and meaning of the epigraph in the story “The Captain's Daughter”.

It would seem rather banal: - “The Captain's Daughter.” But... this work is in many school programs, and, so far, no one has been thrown off the “ship of modernity”. I would like to introduce you to my vision of the work on the analysis of this story.

I propose to work on the analysis by identifying the meaning and significance of the epigraph.

The homework for lesson 1 was: using dictionaries, remember and determine exactly what an epigraph is. Later, getting acquainted with the pages of the story, the children explain the meaning and meaning of the epigraph. But only at the final lesson we come to conclusions about the meaning and significance of the epigraph to the entire story.

Turning to this topic of research, I would like to understand how literary scholars understand the term “epigraph”. What do dictionaries say? For example, in the “Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron” you can read the following: “An epigraph (Greek epigrajh - inscription) is a quotation placed at the head of an essay or part of it in order to indicate its spirit, its meaning, the author’s attitude towards it, etc. Depending on the literary and social mood, epigraphs came into fashion, became a manner, fell out of use, and then were resurrected. In the first half of the last century, they were readily shown as an expression of erudition and the ability to apply someone else’s thought in a new sense.”

And in the Literary Encyclopedia » the understanding of this term is: “Epigraph is a phrase in the title literary work or before its individual sections. Proverbs, sayings, words from well-known literary works, from sacred scripture, etc. are often taken as an epigraph. The epigraph represents, as it were, a mask behind which the author hides when he, not wanting to speak directly, indirectly determines his attitude towards the events depicted them in the work. The epigraph can be lyrical, to a greater or lesser extent, depending on whether the author expressed his attitude simply in a condensed formula of the main events of a given work as a whole, a separate chapter, etc.

The “School Poetry Dictionary” gives the following understanding of the epigraph: “Epigraph (Greek epigrajh - inscription)

1) In ancient times, an inscription on a monument, on a building.

2) In pan-European literature, an epigraph means a saying or quotation placed before the text of an entire literary work or its individual chapters. The epigraph creates the main idea developed by the author in the narrative.” Thus, we see that the epigraph is one of the optional elements of the composition of a literary work. Thanks to this, the epigraph always carries an important semantic load. Considering that we have before us a type of author’s expression, there are two options for its use, depending on whether the author’s direct statement is present in the work. In one case, the epigraph is an integral part of the structure of artistic speech given on behalf of the author.

In the other, it is the only element, other than the title, that clearly expresses the author’s point of view.”

often used epigraphs in his work. We meet them in “Eugene Onegin”, “The Captain’s Daughter”, “Poltava”, “The Stone Guest”, “Belkin’s Tales”, “The Queen of Spades”, “Arap of Peter the Great”, “Dubrovsky”, some lyrical works, “Egyptian Nights”, “Bakhchisarai Fountain”. Regarding the latter, he once remarked: “So the Bakhchisarai Fountain was called “Harem” in the manuscript, but the melancholic epigraph (which, of course, is better than the whole poem) seduced me.” The above list of works emphasizes that the author’s use of epigraphs is not accidental. It is clear that the epigraphs in them form the meaning of these works in a certain way. What is the mechanism of this work? What connections does each epigraph have with the text? What does it serve? The answers to these questions will clarify the role of Pushkin's epigraphs. Without this, one cannot count on a serious understanding of his work.

Literary scholars are always attentive to the epigraph that the author uses in his work. Let's try to figure out what the role and significance of this literary device in prose is. “The Captain's Daughter,” one of Pushkin’s most perfect and profound creations, has repeatedly been the subject of research attention. This does not mean, however, that the problems of “The Captain’s Daughter” have been fully clarified. Moreover, many issues still remain controversial. In our opinion, the epigraphs in this story are of interest for research. Before us, as many Pushkinists believe, and we follow them, is a whole system of epigraphs. Let's move on to a direct analysis of the epigraphs before the chapters of the story.

They precede each chapter and the entire work. Some chapters have several epigraphs. While working on the analysis of the novel, we draw up the following table:

Application.

The story "The Captain's Daughter"

Take care of your honor from a young age.

Proverb

Analyzing the role and meaning of the epigraph in the story “The Captain's Daughter”, we came to the following conclusions.

1. Epigraphs in the story do not play the role of annotations.

2. Pushkin’s epigraph can play a double role: already in chapter 1 “Sergeant of the Guard”, the second epigraph plays, on the one hand, the role of an introduction (a smooth transition from the epigraph to the main text). " Who is his father?- the epigraph sounds, and the text of the chapter begins with the words: “My father Andrei Petrovich Grinev...”. On the other hand, the meaning of this epigraph will be explained at the end of the novel, when Catherine could ask such a question when discussing the Grinev case and, having found out everything, gave Peter life because of the merits of his father.

2. Comparison of the meaning contained in the epigraph with the meaning of the chapter can be compared to the effect of light passing through a prism. We have special recommendations for readers. For example, in the chapter “Duel” the epigraph (see table) predicts that there will be a duel in which one of the participants will “pierce” the other. Petrusha is the victim. The irony is already felt in the epigraph itself.

3. Often the epigraph conveys the style and atmosphere of everything below. For example, in chapter 3, “Fortress,” a folk song and an excerpt from Fonvizin set the atmosphere of the entire chapter (see table). Pyotr Grinev finds himself in a friendly atmosphere. The commandant and Vasilisa Yegorovna are truly ancient people. And the second epigraph is superbly stylized to resemble speech common man Vasilisa Egorovna.

4. In the chapter “Pugachevshchina” the epigraph plays an unusual role: in it we see a parallel with the appeal of the “old old man” Pyotr Andreevich to the younger generation about non-violent changes in life. IN

At the end of the story, Grinev will evaluate the actions of Pugachev and his accomplices in this way: “God forbid that we see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless!”1

5. In the chapters “Counselor”, “Love”, “Attack”, “Separation”, “Siege of the City”, “Orphan”, the lyrical notes contained in the epigraph set the mood and permeate the content of the entire chapter.

6. Many epigraphs in the novel have been changed by the author (chapters 3 (second epigraph), 10, 12) in accordance with the meaning of the chapter. And in chapters 11 and 13, the author acts as a skilled stylizer: in chapter 11 he created a passage - an imitation of Sumarokov’s fable, and in chapter 13 there are replicas in the style of Prince. These epigraphs already at the very beginning reveal the meaning and main idea of ​​the chapter.

7. With the rhyme “rumour-wave” in the epigraph to chapter 14 “The Trial” (see table), the author expressed the essence of the trial that was administered over Grinev. Wave 1 - The Investigative Commission accepts Shvabrin’s testimony as truth, 2 - Father Andrei Petrovich believes the verdict of the Investigative Commission and the Empress, who, out of respect for his father, spared his son from a shameful execution and “only ordered to be exiled to the remote region of Siberia for eternal settlement.” Wave 3 - Masha saves the honor of her beloved from a slander.

9. The proverb included in the epigraph by the author to the entire novel: “Take care of your honor from a young age,” sets the tone for the entire story. The wisdom enshrined in the proverb acts here as a life guide, moral basis not only for Peter Grinev, but also for society as a whole. And the main character of the story, we think, will never tarnish his honor.

Thus, we see that the epigraphs in the story have a great semantic load, are an appeal to the reader, create an atmosphere, express the author’s point of view, and become one with the entire novel.