Pushkin: The captain's daughter. “The Captain's Daughter” essay reasoning The Captain's Daughter reasoning
The idea for the story itself dates back to the beginning of 1833. Then Pushkin begins to collect material related to Pugachev’s uprising. Having finished the story in the fall of 1836, he put under it the Lyceum date that was dear to him - October 19 and entitled it about the Russian rebellion, “senseless and merciless” - “ Captain's daughter”, giving the historical event associated with the shaking of the foundations of the state the significance of a family affair. In essence, this work is the poet’s moral testament, since from October 19, 1836, there were one hundred days left before Pushkin’s death. And having gone through a difficult life path, already being the father of a family, he asks the question: what is saving in this world - the Russian rebellion, the force of law or something else...
The main problem of the story is related to understanding the historical paths of Russia. Pushkin transfers the right to talk about the Pugachev uprising to Pyotr Grinev, a nobleman from a wealthy high-born family who has moral principles, loyalty to duty and honor - all these are integral features of his character, faithful to the traditions of a patriot.
In the story “The Captain's Daughter,” the positions of the author and the narrator coincide in one place and not in another. For example, Pushkin admires Pugachev, when he speaks to the owner of the lodging for the night, he is allegorically cunning, hiding something. Grinev is the same, he is interested in Pugachev. The writer has no doubt about the originality and strength of personality of the people's leader, his talent as a commander and courage. Pushkin gives the robber a certain romanticization, which is explained by the author’s attention to Pugachev’s inner world.
Emelyan Pugachev is a Cossack, a good military organizer, a generous and fair person, this is proven by the act when he did not hang Grinev, but also released him: “Execute like that, execute like that, have mercy like that. Go ahead and do whatever you want.” Natural intelligence, intelligence, energy, all this contributed to the fact that he led the peasant uprising. The narrator thought his appearance was remarkable. He was about forty, of average height, thin and broad-shouldered. His black beard was streaked with gray; the eyes were lively and big and darting about. He was pleasant, but somewhat cunning. His hair was cut into a circle. He was wearing a tattered overcoat and Tatar trousers. Pugachev brutally deals with those whom he considers oppressors of the peasants. But he also remembers the kindness that was once done to him. He is grateful for the way Grinev treated him, a simple Cossack, for a glass of vodka, and for a hare sheepskin coat.
Pushkin portrays Emelyan Pugachev not only as the leader of the uprising, but also as a simple Cossack. His speech is filled with proverbs and sayings. There is no respect for rank in his relations with his subordinates. The author shows that Pugachev is capable of showing mercy and gratitude, but is also able to appreciate the honor and courage of the enemy.
The image of the leader of the peasant uprising is closely connected with the image of the people. Emphasizing the love of freedom and rebellious spirit of the people. They help to understand the spirit of the people images of Savelich and Captain Mironov. What they have in common is a lack of self-awareness. They live at the mercy of traditions. Pushkins showed with true realism the peasant uprising, its leader and its participants - the people.
The author is far from idealizing Pugachev. He gives preference to reforms over revolution, he does not accept bloodshed. That is why we read in his story his now widely known words: “God forbid we see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless!” “Regarding the Pugachev uprising as nothing other than a senseless rebellion, the author, at the same time, did not set out to show the atrocities of the Pugachevites in the work. He tried to recreate the history of the uprising and the personality of the peasant leader, and it should be noted that Pushkin realized this plan.
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Pushkin: Captain's daughter
Chapter 1
Sergeant of the Guard
The chapter opens with the biography of Peter Grinev: his father served, retired, there were 9 children in the family, but everyone except Peter died in infancy. Even before his birth, Grinev was enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment. Until he reached adulthood, he was considered to be on vacation. The boy is raised by Uncle Savelich, under whose guidance Petrusha masters Russian literacy and learns to judge the merits of a greyhound dog. Later, the Frenchman Beaupré was assigned to him, who was supposed to teach the boy French, German and other sciences, but he was not involved in raising Petrusha, but drank and went to girls’ rooms. The father soon discovers this and throws the Frenchman out. When Peter is seventeen years old, his father sends him to serve, but not to St. Petersburg, as his son had hoped, but to Orenburg. Advising his son, the father orders him to take care of his dress again, and his honor from a young age. Upon arrival in Simbirsk, Grinev meets captain Zurin in a tavern, who teaches him to play billiards, gets him drunk and wins 100 rubles from him. Grinev behaved like a boy who had broken free. The next morning Zurin demands the winnings. Grinev, who wants to show his character, forces Savelich, despite his protests, to give out money and, ashamed, leaves Simbirsk.
Chapter 2
Counselor
On the way, Gritsev asks Savelich for forgiveness for his stupid behavior. On the way they are caught in a snowstorm. They go astray. They meet a man whose sharpness and subtlety of instinct amaze Grinev; the man asks to accompany them to the nearest home. In the wagon, Grinev has a dream that he arrives at the estate and finds his father near death. Peter approaches him for a blessing and sees a man with a black beard instead of his father. Grinev’s mother assures him that this is his imprisoned father. The man jumps up, begins to swing an ax, the room is filled with dead bodies. The man smiles at Peter and calls him for his blessing. At the inn, Grinev looks at the counselor. He was about forty, of average height, thin and broad-shouldered. His black beard showed streaks of gray, and his large, lively eyes darted about. His face had a rather pleasant, but roguish expression. His hair was cut into a circle, he was wearing a tattered overcoat and Tatar trousers. The counselor talks to the owner in allegorical language: He flew into the garden, pecked hemp; Grandmother threw a pebble, but missed it. Grinev brings the counselor a glass of wine and gives him a rabbit sheepskin coat. From Orenburg, his father's old friend Andrei Karlovich R. sends Grinev to serve in the Belogorsk fortress (40 versts from the city).
Chapter 3
Fortress
The fortress looks like a village. Everything is in charge of a reasonable and kind old woman, the commandant’s wife, Vasilisa Egorovna. The next morning, Grinev meets Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, a young officer of short stature, with a dark and distinctly ugly face, but extremely lively. Shvabrin was transferred to the fortress for the duel. Shvabrin tells Grinev about life in the fortress, describes the commandant’s family, and speaks especially unflatteringly about the commandant Mironov’s daughter, Masha. Shvabrin and Grinev are invited to dinner at the commandant's family. Along the way, Grinev sees a training exercise: Commandant Ivan Kuzmich Mironov commands a platoon of disabled people. He himself is dressed in a cap and a Chinese robe.
Chapter 4
Duel
Grinev becomes very attached to the commandant’s family. He is promoted to officer. Grinev communicates a lot with Shvabrin, but he likes him less and less, and especially his caustic remarks about Masha. Grinev dedicates mediocre love poems to Masha. Shvabrin sharply criticizes them and insults Masha in a conversation with Grinev. Grinev calls him a liar, Shvabrin demands satisfaction. Before the duel, on the orders of Vasilisa Yegorovna, they are arrested, the courtyard girl Palashka even takes away their swords. After some time, Grinev learns from Masha that Shvabrin wooed her, but she refused (this explains Shvabrin’s persistent slander towards the girl). The duel resumes, Grinev is wounded.
Chapter 5
Love
Masha and Savelich are caring for the wounded. Grinev proposes to Masha. Writes a letter to parents. Shvabrin comes to visit Grinev and admits that he himself was to blame. Grinev's father denies his son a blessing (he also knows about the duel, but not from Savelich. Grinev decides that Shvabrin told his father). Masha avoids Grinev, does not want a wedding without the consent of her parents. Grinev stops visiting the Mironovs’ house and loses heart.
Chapter 6
Pugachevshchina
The commandant receives notification of the bandit gang of Emelyan Pugachev attacking the fortress. Vasilisa Egorovna finds out everything, and rumors about the attack spread throughout the fortress. Pugachev calls on the enemy to surrender. One of the appeals falls into the hands of Mironov through a captured Bashkir who has no nose, ears or tongue (consequences of torture). Ivan Kuzmich decides to send Masha away from the fortress. Masha says goodbye to Grinev. Vasilisa Egorovna refuses to leave and remains with her husband.
Chapter 7
Attack
At night, the Cossacks leave the Belogorsk fortress under the banners of Pugachev. The Pugachevites attack the fortress. The Commandant and the few defenders of the Fortress are defending themselves, but the forces are unequal. Pugachev, who captured the fortress, arranges a trial.
Ivan Kuzmich and his comrades are executed (hanged). When it’s Grinev’s turn, Savelich throws himself at Pugachev’s feet, begging him to spare the master’s child, and promises a ransom. Pugachev agrees. Residents of the city and garrison
“The Captain's Daughter” tells the story of hard times and the uprising that Emelyan Pugachev started.
Main character, Pyotr Grinev, has been learning to read and write since the age of 5. And upon reaching the age of 17, his father sends him to the Belgorod fortress to serve. On the way to it, Peter falls into a strong snowstorm, loses his way and gets lost, he meets a simple Cossack. The Cossack helps Grinev, for which he receives a sheepskin coat from him.
The fortress is a simple village, in which Grinev really liked living, here he found himself good friend, but he spoke poorly of Masha, Peter’s new lover. The main character dedicates poems to her that he writes himself, but Masha lived poorly, and Grinev was rich. Peter wanted to marry Masha, but his father refused. At the same time, Grinev, offended by his friend’s statements about Masha, challenges him to a duel, where Peter is wounded. Masha takes care of him while he lies bedridden. News comes to the fortress about Pugachev's uprising, and an order to prepare for defense. Pugachev was able to conquer the fortress and now calls everyone to take an oath. Grinev, along with other refusers, is taken to the gallows, but he is saved by the money of his parents, who promised him as a reward for saving Peter’s life. Masha is kept in the fortress by Shvabrin (the one who is Peter’s friend), and Grinev is taken to Pugachev. Peter tells Emelyan what happened to Masha, and together they go to free her. Pugachev lets them go, but on the way they are arrested. Peter is taken for interrogation. And Masha goes to St. Petersburg to help him. And (how lucky they are) she complains to just a woman, who turns out to be not “Just a Woman,” but Ekaterina 2. Ekaterina is amazed by Masha’s story and frees Grinev.
Later they will come together to Pugachev’s execution.
Together with the article “Essay on the topic “The Captain’s Daughter”, grade 8 ( summary)" read:
"The Captain's Daughter" is one of the most remarkable works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. It was written in 1836 and still conveys those events so colorfully and unforgettably.
Reading the story, it is impossible not to admire the character of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. As an adult, he honestly admitted that in adolescence lived like a barefoot boy, ran after birds and played games with other barefoot boys. At the age of seventeen, at the behest of his father, he went to the Belogorsk fortress. On the way, Petrusha and his servant Savelich stopped in Simbirsk. There, being overly self-confident and frivolous, Petrusha lost 100 rubles in snooker to Zurin. Having learned that a debt is worth paying, he talks rudely to Savelich so that he gives him the required amount. But Peter knows how to listen to his conscience and admit that he is wrong; so he later apologizes to Savelich. Young, lacking even the slightest experience and naive, he terribly dreams of growing up quickly. However, he often chooses the wrong methods to do this. And although he is kind at heart and is ashamed of the bad deeds that he commits out of inexperience, he still does not stop experimenting with his behavior.
Having met during a snowstorm with a traveler who led them to the real courtyard, Petrusha gifts him with a hare sheepskin coat, acting nobly.
Petrusha’s first impressions of the Belogorsk fortress were not immediately the best. He misses. He began to get involved in writing poetry and gradually fell in love with Masha Mironova. Because of his love for Masha, he decides to duel with Shvabrin. Well, Petrusha shows herself on the other hand as a protector, benefactor and brave person. He is no longer a noble boy, he knows how to stand up for his honor, knows how to handle weapons.
His love for Maria played a great influence on Petrusha’s character. We see that Petrusha is not just in love, he is ready to do anything for his beloved. Peter's maturation and readiness for self-sacrifice are manifested during the execution of Petrusha, when he behaved calmly and boldly looked into Pugachev's eyes.
Petrusha rejected Pugachev’s offer to come to him and remained faithful to the oath and did not betray his honor.
Love for Masha forced Petrusha to break military discipline. Saving Savelich, Petrusha again shows kindness and courage. He speaks boldly and truthfully with Pugachev, which inspires trust and thereby saves both himself and his beloved Maria.
Petrusha still doesn’t think about how he looks from the outside when he accepts Pugachev’s help. But still, once in prison, Petrusha did not even try to defend himself, not wanting to involve Maria in the trial.
In the story we see Peter gradually growing up, sacredly observing his father’s oath and covenant. His character is sometimes youthful, but kind and persistent. The ability to pay good for good and be noble cannot but inspire admiration.