Illustration for one of the epics of the peoples of the world. Azanbek Dzhanaev
MBOU "Secondary School No. 1 (with in-depth study of individual subjects)
"Artistic traditions of the peoples of the world"
Completed by: Filippova E.Yu.
a history teacher
![](https://i1.wp.com/fsd.multiurok.ru/html/2018/10/22/s_5bcd88acef903/img1.jpg)
Lesson topic:
« Heroic epic peoples of the world. The concept of the heroic epic"
![](https://i1.wp.com/fsd.multiurok.ru/html/2018/10/22/s_5bcd88acef903/img2.jpg)
The concept of a heroic epic
"Epic" - (from Greek) word, narrative, one of three types of literature telling about various events of the past.
Heroic epic peoples of the world is sometimes the most important and only evidence of past eras. It goes back to ancient myths and reflects human ideas about nature and the world.
Initially it was formed in oral form, then, acquiring new plots and images, it was consolidated in written form.
The heroic epic is the result of a collective folk art. But this does not at all diminish the role of individual storytellers. The famous "Iliad" and "Odyssey", as we know, were written down by a single author - Homer.
![](https://i0.wp.com/fsd.multiurok.ru/html/2018/10/22/s_5bcd88acef903/img3.jpg)
"The Tale of Gilgamesh" Sumerian epic 1800 BC
The Epic of Gilgamesh is set out on 12
clay tablets.
As the plot of the epic develops, the image of Gilgamesh changes. The fairy-tale hero-hero, boasting of his strength, turns into a man who has learned the tragic brevity of life. The powerful spirit of Gilgamesh rebels against the recognition of the inevitability of death; only at the end of his wanderings does the hero begin to understand that immortality can bring him eternal glory to his name.
![](https://i2.wp.com/fsd.multiurok.ru/html/2018/10/22/s_5bcd88acef903/img4.jpg)
GILGAMESH (Sumerian. Bilgames - this name can be interpreted as “hero ancestor”), semi-legendary ruler Uruk, hero of the epic tradition of Sumer and Akkad.
Gilgamesh with the lion from the palace
Sargon II at Dur-Sharrukin
8th century BC e.
![](https://i2.wp.com/fsd.multiurok.ru/html/2018/10/22/s_5bcd88acef903/img5.jpg)
"Mahabharata" Indian epic mid-1st millennium AD
“The Great Tale of the Descendants of Bharata” or “The Tale of the Great Battle of the Bharatas.” The Mahabharata is a heroic poem consisting of 18 books, or parvas. As an appendix, it has another 19th book - Harivanshu, i.e. “Genealogy of Hari”. In its current edition, the Mahabharata contains over one hundred thousand slokas, or couplets, and is eight times larger in volume than Homer's Iliad and Odyssey taken together.
Indian literary tradition considers the Mahabharata to be a single work, and its authorship is attributed to the legendary sage Krishna-Dvaipayana Vyasa.
![](https://i2.wp.com/fsd.multiurok.ru/html/2018/10/22/s_5bcd88acef903/img6.jpg)
Summary
The main tale of the epic is dedicated to the history of irreconcilable enmity between the Kauravas and Pandavas - the sons of two brothers Dhritarashtra and Pandu. In this enmity and the struggle caused by it, according to the legend, they are gradually drawn into numerous nations and the tribes of India, northern and southern. It ends in a terrible, bloody battle, in which almost all participants on both sides die. Those who won the victory at such a high cost unite the country under their rule. Thus, the main idea of the main story is the unity of India.
![](https://i2.wp.com/fsd.multiurok.ru/html/2018/10/22/s_5bcd88acef903/img7.jpg)
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Medieval epic
"Song of the Nibelungs" is a medieval Germanic epic poem written by an unknown author in the late 12th and early 13th centuries. Belongs to one of the most famous epic works of mankind. Its content boils down to 39 parts (songs), which are called “adventures”.
The song tells about the marriage of the dragon slayer Sieckfried to the Burgundian princess Kriemhild, his death due to Kriemhild's conflict with Brünnhilde, the wife of her brother Gunther, and then about Kriemhild's revenge for the death of her husband.
There is reason to believe that the epic was composed around 1200, and that its place of origin should be sought on the Danube, in the area between Passau and Vienna.
In science, various assumptions have been made regarding the identity of the author. Some scholars considered him a shpilman, a wandering singer, others were inclined to think that he was a clergyman (perhaps in the service of the Bishop of Passau), and others that he was an educated knight of low birth.
“The Song of the Nibelungs” combines two initially independent plots: the tale of the death of Siegfried and the tale of the end of the House of Burgundy. They form, as it were, two parts of an epic. Both of these parts are not entirely consistent, and certain contradictions can be noticed between them. Thus, in the first part, the Burgundians receive a generally negative assessment and look rather gloomy in comparison with the bright hero Siegfried, whom they killed, whose services and help they so widely used, while in the second part they appear as valiant knights courageously meeting their tragic fate. The name “Nibelungs” is used differently in the first and second parts of the epic: in the first they are fairy-tale creatures, northern treasure keepers and heroes in the service of Siegfried, in the second they are the Burgundians.
![](https://i0.wp.com/fsd.multiurok.ru/html/2018/10/22/s_5bcd88acef903/img11.jpg)
Quarrel of Kings
Competitions at Brünnhilde's court
The epic reflects primarily the knightly worldview of the Staufen era ( The Staufens (or Hohenstaufens) were an imperial dynasty that ruled Germany and Italy in the 12th – first half of the 13th centuries. The Staufens, especially Frederick I Barbarossa (1152–1190), attempted extensive external expansion, which ultimately accelerated the weakening of central power and contributed to the strengthening of the princes. At the same time, the Staufen era was characterized by a significant, but short-lived cultural upsurge ).
![](https://i1.wp.com/fsd.multiurok.ru/html/2018/10/22/s_5bcd88acef903/img12.jpg)
Death of Sieckfried
Sieckfried
![](https://i2.wp.com/fsd.multiurok.ru/html/2018/10/22/s_5bcd88acef903/img13.jpg)
Sieckfried's funeral
Halen throws gold into the Rhine
Kriemhild shows Helena
Gunther's head
![](https://i2.wp.com/fsd.multiurok.ru/html/2018/10/22/s_5bcd88acef903/img14.jpg)
Epic in works of art of different genres
Music:
- A. Borodin. Bogatyr Symphony;
- N. Rimsky-Korsakov. Operas “Sadko”, “The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevronia”, “Woman of Pskov”;
- M. Mussorgsky. “Pictures at an Exhibition”, play “Bogatyr Gate”, opera “Khovanshchina”;
Painting:
- V. Vasnetsov. "Bogatyrs".
![](https://i1.wp.com/fsd.multiurok.ru/html/2018/10/22/s_5bcd88acef903/img15.jpg)
Kalevala
- Kalevala - Karelo - Finnish poetic epic. Consists of 50 runes (songs). It is based on Karelian folk epic songs. The arrangement of “Kalevala” belongs to Elias Lönnrot (1802-1884), who connected individual folk epic songs, making a certain selection of versions of these songs and smoothing out some irregularities.
- The name "Kalevala", given to the poem by Lönnrot, is the epic name of the country in which Finnish folk heroes live and act. Suffix lla means place of residence, so Kalevalla - this is the place of residence of Kalev, the mythological ancestor of the heroes Väinämöinen, Ilmarinen, Lemminkäinen, sometimes called his sons.
- In Kalevala there is no main plot that would connect all the songs.
![](https://i2.wp.com/fsd.multiurok.ru/html/2018/10/22/s_5bcd88acef903/img16.jpg)
![](https://i0.wp.com/fsd.multiurok.ru/html/2018/10/22/s_5bcd88acef903/img17.jpg)
Väinämöinen protects the sampo from
Witches of Louhi.
Väinämöinen
![](https://i1.wp.com/fsd.multiurok.ru/html/2018/10/22/s_5bcd88acef903/img18.jpg)
![](https://i2.wp.com/fsd.multiurok.ru/html/2018/10/22/s_5bcd88acef903/img19.jpg)
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Despite the fact that the heroic epic of peoples was composed in different historical settings, it has many common features and similar signs. First of all, this concerns the repetition of themes and plots, as well as the common characteristics of the main characters. For example:
1. An epic often includes a plot creation of the world , how the gods create the harmony of the world from the original chaos.
2.Plot the miraculous birth of the hero and his first youthful exploits .
3.Plot the hero's matchmaking and his trials before the wedding .
4. Description of the battle , in which the hero shows miracles of courage, resourcefulness and courage.
5. Celebrating loyalty in friendship, generosity and honor .
6.Heroes not only defend their homeland, but also highly value their own freedom and independence .
![](https://i2.wp.com/fsd.multiurok.ru/html/2018/10/22/s_5bcd88acef903/img24.jpg)
- Homework:
To view the presentation with pictures, design and slides, download its file and open it in PowerPoint on your computer.
Text content of presentation slides: Heroic epic of the peoples of the world Outstanding monuments of the heroic epic “The first victories over nature aroused in the people a feeling of their stability, pride in themselves, a desire for new victories and prompted the creation of a heroic epic” M. Gorky “The Tale of Gilgamesh” or “The Poem of the One Who Has Seen Everything” (about 1800 BC), one of the most poetic works telling about the brave folk hero, who went in search of wisdom, happiness and immortality. The Epic of Gilgamesh is a hymn about friendship, which not only helps to overcome external obstacles, but transforms and ennobles. "Mahabharata" or "The Great Tale of the Descendants of Bharata", created in the middle of the 1st millennium BC. in Sanskrit, the oldest Indian literary language. One of the largest literary works in the world, the Mahabharata is a complex complex of epic narratives, short stories, fables, parables, legends, cosmogonic myths, hymns, laments, united according to the principle of framing typical of large forms of Indian literature, consists of eighteen books (parvas) and contains more than 75 000 couplets (sloka). One of the few works of world literature that claims about itself that it contains everything in the world. “Bhagavad Gita” (Sanskrit: भगवद् गीता, “Divine Song”) is a monument of ancient Indian literature, part of the “Mahabharata”, consists of 700 verses, is one of the sacred texts of Hinduism, which presents the main essence of Hindu philosophy. The philosophical conversation of the Bhagavad Gita takes place immediately before the start of the great Battle of Kurukshetra. The conversation involves two people - Arjuna and Krishna. sri-bhagavan uvaca urdhva-mulam adhah sakham aswattham prahur avyayam chhandamsi yasya parnani yas tam veda sa veda-vit sri-bhagavan uvaca - the Supreme Lord said; urdhva-mulam - that whose roots are directed upward; adhah—down; sakham—that which has branches; asvatham—banyan tree; prahuḥ—they say; avyayam—eternal; chhandamsi—Vedic hymns; yasya—whose; parnani—leaves; yah—which; there - that; veda—knows; sah—that; veda-vit - knower of the Vedas. The Supreme Lord said: The scriptures speak of the eternal banyan tree, the roots of which are upward and the branches are downward, the leaves of which are the Vedic hymns. Having known this tree, a person comprehends the wisdom of the Vedas. tri-vidham narakasyedam dvaram nashanam atmanah kamah krodhas tatha lobhas tasmad etat trayam tyajet tri-vidham - including three types; narakasya—ada; idam—these; dvaram—gate; nashanam—destruction; atmanah—souls; kamah—lust; krodhah—anger; tatha—and also; lobhah—greed; tasmat—therefore; etat—these; trayam—three; tyajet - let him leave. Three gates lead to hell: lust, anger and greed. And every sane person must renounce these vices, for they destroy the soul. Knight's epic In the Middle Ages, many peoples Western Europe A heroic epic emerged, reflecting the knightly ideals of valor and honor. “Beowulf” (England) “The Song of the Nibelungs” (Germany) “The Song of My Sid” (Spain) “The Elder Edda” (Iceland) “The Song of Roland” (France) “Kalevala” (Karelian Finnish epic) Beowulf An Anglo-Saxon epic poem set in Scandinavia before the migration of the English to Britain. Named after the main character. The text was created at the beginning of the 8th century and is preserved in a single copy of the 11th century. This is the oldest epic poem of “barbarian” (Germanic) Europe, preserved in full. The main content lies in the tales of Beowulf’s victory over the terrible monsters Grendel and his mother, and over the dragon that devastated the country. "Song of the Nibelungs" Medieval Germanic epic poem written by an unknown author at the end of the 12th - beginning of the 13th century. Its content boils down to 39 parts (songs), which are called “adventures”. It tells about the marriage of the dragon slayer Siegfried to the Burgundian princess Kriemhild, his death due to Kriemhild’s conflict with Brünnhilde, the wife of her brother Gunther, and then about Kriemhild’s revenge for the death of her husband. "The Song of Roland" An epic poem written in Old French. The work tells the story of the death of the rearguard detachment of Charlemagne's army, returning in August 778 from an aggressive campaign in Spain. “The Elder Edda” The Song Edda is a collection of Old Icelandic songs about the gods and heroes of Scandinavian mythology and history. The songs were first recorded in the second half of the 13th century. Songs about gods contain a wealth of mythological material, and the central place in songs about heroes is occupied by a person (hero), his good name and posthumous glory.
Attached files
Fundamentals of literary criticism. Analysis work of art[textbook] Esalnek Asiya Yanovna
Heroic epic
Heroic epic
This paragraph talks about different forms of heroic epic.
Historically, the first type of narrative genre was the heroic epic, which itself is heterogeneous because it includes works that are similar in problem orientation, but different in age and type of characters. The earliest form of heroic epic can be considered mythological epic, the main character of which turns out to be the so-called first ancestor, a cultural hero who performs the functions of the organizer of the world: he makes fire, invents crafts, protects the family from demonic forces, fights monsters, establishes rituals and customs. The character closest to this type of hero is Greek mythology Prometheus.
Another version of the heroic epic is distinguished by the fact that the hero combines the features of a cultural hero-ancestor and a brave warrior, knight, hero, fighting for the territory and independence of a tribe, people or state. Such heroes include, for example, characters from the Karelian-Finnish epic known as “Kalevala”, or the Kyrgyz epic called “Manas”.
The most mature forms of heroic epic include the Greek Iliad, the Spanish Song of Cid, the French Song of Roland, Serbian youth songs, and Russian epics. They depict heroes in the struggle for national interests, mostly in battles with foreign conquerors. Of course, such heroes are extremely idealized and do not represent real historical figures, but a utopian world that has passed into the past, in which the moods of the singer and his listeners seemed to merge, and the entire narrative received an emotionally sublime coloring.
Works of the heroic epic in its various variations are found among almost all peoples in the early stages of the development of verbal creativity, but chronologically in different time. Thus, Homer’s “Iliad” dates back to the 8th century BC, Russian epics – to the 11th–15th centuries of the Christian era. At the same time, different nations such works have different names: epics, thoughts, epics, songs about deeds, sagas, runes, olonkho, etc.
From the above it follows that the typological quality about the neck, which gives grounds to classify works as the genre of heroic epic, consists, firstly, in emphasizing the strength, courage, courage of the hero, and secondly, in emphasizing the purpose and meaning of his actions, their focus on the general good, be it the order of the world or the fight against enemies. Such aspirations of the German philosopher early XIX century G.W.F. Hegel called it substantial, that is, universally significant, and the period when heroes of this type began to appear and the works glorifying them, “the heroic state of the world.” The objective prerequisites for the emergence of genres of the heroic type could have developed later, especially in connection with the understanding of national liberation wars, in particular the fight against fascism in the 40s of the 20th century. Reflection of these processes can easily be found in the works of various writers dedicated to the Second World War.
From the book The World of King Arthur author Andrzej SapkowskiA. ANGLO-NORMAN PATRIOTIC EPIC (1137 -1205) The Arthurian legend in the edition of Geoffrey of Monmouth unexpectedly acquired a political resonance. The story of the "mighty king of England, Wales, Ireland, Normandy and Brittany", about the king who "conquered Gaul, Aquitaine, Rome and
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From the book Works of the Russian period. Prose. Literary criticism. Volume 3 author Gomolitsky Lev Nikolaevich§ 3. Epic In the epic genre of literature (other - gr. epos - word, speech), the organizing beginning of the work is the narrative about the characters ( characters), their destinies, actions, mindsets, about the events in their lives that make up the plot. It's a chain of verbal messages
From the book Canto XXXVI by Pound EzraHeroic pathos 1 On the way to visit friends for a name day from acquaintances, where he had just joked and laughed, a young man was waiting for a train at a metro station. Avoiding the crowd, as is natural for a person who has nowhere in particular to rush, he walked along the very edge of the site, in soft
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From the book German-language literature: a textbook author Glazkova Tatyana YurievnaNovel epic In this section, the reader will learn what became the prerequisite for the development of novel genres, get acquainted with the main types of the novel in European literature and get an idea of the novel structure as it developed in the 19th century. Starting from the 11th–12th centuries in
From the book Russian History literary criticism[Soviet and post-Soviet eras] author Lipovetsky Mark NaumovichThe heroic epic of the mature Middle Ages The “Song of the Nibelungs”, which finally took shape during the heyday of the Middle Ages, was recorded by an unknown author at the beginning of the 13th century. in Middle High German. It has reached us in several manuscripts. The song consists of two
From the book Literature 6th grade. A textbook-reader for schools with in-depth study of literature. Part 1 author Team of authors5. Bakhtin's genre theory: The epic and the novel from the 1920s to the 1930s Bakhtin's texts on the novel, written by him in the 1930s and very early 1940s, present difficulties of two types. The first is textual. All materials (with the exception of the book on Rabelais: it remains an important source
From the book Literature 7th grade. A textbook-reader for schools with in-depth study of literature. Part 1 author Team of authorsSong of Roland French epic. Translation of F. de la Barthe “The Song of Roland” is one of the oldest works of the French heroic epic. Since the events in this epic are based on legends and not on real facts, I will first tell you what happened on
From the book How to Write an Essay. To prepare for the Unified State Exam author Sitnikov Vitaly PavlovichHeroic character in literature The ability of a person to accomplish a feat, to overcome obstacles that seem insurmountable, has always attracted people. The very first literary characters were heroes - Gilgamesh, Achilles, Roland, Ilya Muromets... It is the hero who is capable
From the author's bookTsvetaeva M. And Epic and Lyrics of Modern Russia Vladimir Mayakovsky and Boris Pasternak If I, speaking about modern poetry Russia, I put these two names next to each other because they stand next to each other. It is possible, speaking about modern poetry in Russia, to name one of them, each of them without
Completed by: teacher of Russian language and literature, Municipal Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 8”
Saransk RM
![](https://i2.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_1.jpg)
- “Epic” is (from Greek) a word, a narrative, one of three types of literature that tell about various events of the past.
- The heroic epic of the peoples of the world is sometimes the most important and only evidence of past eras.
- It goes back to ancient myths and reflects human ideas about nature and the world. Initially it was formed in oral form, then, acquiring new plots and images, it was consolidated in written form.
![](https://i0.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_2.jpg)
![](https://i1.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_3.jpg)
- The epic was formed in different ways. Lyric-epic, and based on them, epic songs, like drama and lyrics, arose from ritual performances (In the initial stages of human culture, when music, singing, poetry, and dance were not separated from each other).
- The formation of prose genres of epic, in particular fairy tales, is associated with individually told myths (a fantastic idea of the world, characteristic of a person of a primitive communal formation, usually transmitted in the form of oral narratives - myths).
- On early epic creativity and the further development of forms artistic storytelling Oral and then historical traditions recorded in writing also had an impact.
![](https://i1.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_4.jpg)
- The heroic epic is the result of collective folk art.
- But this does not at all diminish the role of individual storytellers. The famous “Iliad” and “Odyssey”, as we know, were written down by a single author, Homer.
![](https://i0.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_5.jpg)
![](https://i0.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_6.jpg)
![](https://i0.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_7.jpg)
![](https://i2.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_8.jpg)
![](https://i1.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_9.jpg)
![](https://i2.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_10.jpg)
- “The Great Tale of the Descendants of Bharata” or “The Tale of the Great Battle of the Bharatas.”
- The Mahabharata is a heroic poem consisting of 18 books, or parvas. As an appendix, it has another 19th book - Harivanshu, i.e. “Genealogy of Hari”. In its current edition, the Mahabharata contains over one hundred thousand slokas, or couplets.
![](https://i0.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_11.jpg)
![](https://i1.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_12.jpg)
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![](https://i2.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_14.jpg)
![](https://i1.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_15.jpg)
"Song of the Nibelungs" is a medieval Germanic epic poem written by an unknown author in the late 12th and early 13th centuries. Belongs to one of the most famous epic works of mankind. Its content boils down to 39 parts (songs), which are called “adventures”.
![](https://i2.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_16.jpg)
Quarrel of Kings
Competitions at Brünnhilde's court
The epic reflects primarily the knightly worldview of the Staufen era ( The Staufens (or Hohenstaufens) were an imperial dynasty that ruled Germany and Italy in the 12th – first half of the 13th centuries. The Staufens, especially Frederick I Barbarossa (1152–1190), attempted extensive external expansion, which ultimately accelerated the weakening of central power and contributed to the strengthening of the princes. At the same time, the Staufen era was characterized by a significant, but short-lived cultural upsurge. ).
![](https://i2.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_17.jpg)
Death of Sieckfried
Sieckfried
![](https://i2.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_18.jpg)
Funeral
Sieckfried
Kriemhild shows Hagen
Gunther's head
Halen throws gold into the Rhine
![](https://i1.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_19.jpg)
- Kalevala - Karelo - Finnish poetic epic. Consists of 50 runes (songs). It is based on Karelian folk epic songs. The arrangement of “Kalevala” belongs to Elias Lönnrot (1802-1884), who connected individual folk epic songs, making a certain selection of versions of these songs and smoothing out some irregularities.
- Name "Kalevala" given to the poem by Lönnrot, - this is the epic name of the country in which Finnish folk heroes live and act.
![](https://i1.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_20.jpg)
Väinämöinen plays the kantele
![](https://i1.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_21.jpg)
Väinämöinen protects the sampo from
Witches of Louhi.
Väinämöinen
![](https://i0.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_22.jpg)
![](https://i0.wp.com/fsd.kopilkaurokov.ru/uploads/user_file_55354861936f4/img_user_file_55354861936f4_23.jpg)
- EPOS gave a complete and comprehensive picture of the world, explained its origin and further destinies, including the most distant future, taught to distinguish good from evil, and instructed in how to live and how to die.
- The epic contained ancient wisdom; knowledge of it was considered necessary for every member of society.
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- Epics are as diverse as the destinies of countries and peoples, as national characters, like a language.
- Each country has its own folk epic heroes. In England the invincible robber was sung Robin Hood - defender of the disadvantaged; in Asia Geser - great archer: Evenki heroic tales - brave Sodani the hero ; in the Buryat heroic epic - Alamji Mergen young and his sister Agui Gohon .
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- The heroic epic has reached us both in the form of extensive epic, book (“Iliad”, “Odyssey”, “Mahabharata”, “Ramayana”, “Beowulf” ) or oral (« Dzhangar", "Alpamysh", "Manas »), and in the form of short “epic songs” (Russian epics , South Slavic songs, poems Edda the Elder ),
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1. An epic often includes a plot creation of the world, how the gods create the harmony of the world from the original chaos.
2.Plot the miraculous birth of the hero and his first youthful exploits .
3.Plot the hero's matchmaking and his trials before the wedding .
4. Description of the battle , in which the hero shows miracles of courage, resourcefulness and courage.
5. Celebrating loyalty in friendship, generosity and honor .
6.Heroes not only defend their homeland, but also highly value their own freedom and independence .
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- is represented by heroic-mythological and heroic-epic works about the origin of the world (heaven, earth, man, gods) and the origin of ethnic statehood (songs and tales about Tsar Tyusht).
- The character of the heroic Epic is not heroic.
- An integral part of heroic poetry is the legend of the hero Saban, who appears as an archaic hero; the legend of the wonderful Guryan, the tragic leader of Erzi and Moksha.
Fairy tales are associated with myths, they are oral
narratives and historical
legends and they are called “epic”
is a type of literature distinguished
along with lyrics and drama;
represented by such genres as
fairy tale, legend. Varieties
heroic epic: epic,
epic poem, story, story,
short story, novel, essay.
Epic, like drama, is characterized by
replay of the action,
unfolding in space and
time, - the course of events in life
characters.
determined by properties
narratives. Speech here
acts mainly in
reporting functions
happened earlier. Between
speaking and portrayal
the action in the epic is preserved
time distance: epic
the poet tells “... about the event,
as something separate from
myself..." The epic contains information about the gods
and other supernatural
creatures, fascinating
stories and educational
examples, aphorisms of everyday life
wisdom and examples
heroic behavior;
its edifying function
as indispensable as
educational. It covers and
tragic and comic
The history of the epic
Lyric-epicProse genres
Myth (fantastic
idea of the world inherent
primitive communal man
formations are usually
transmitted in oral form
narratives - myths).
The concept of a heroic epic
Epic" - (from Greek) word, narrative,one of three types of literature telling about
various events of the past.
The heroic epic of the peoples of the world is sometimes
the most important and only evidence
past eras. It goes back to ancient myths
and reflects human ideas about nature and
world.
It was originally formed verbally
form, then, acquiring new subjects and
images, fixed in written form.
The heroic epic is the result of a collective
folk art. But this does not detract at all
the roles of individual storytellers. Famous
The Illiad and the Odyssey, as we know, were
written down by a single author - Homer
"Mahabharata" Indian epic of the 5th century AD
"The Great Legend of the Descendants of Bharata" or"The Tale of the Great Battle of the Bharatas."
Mahabharata is a heroic poem,
consisting of 18 books, or parv. As
appendices she has another 19th book -
Harivanshu, i.e. "Pedigree of Hari." IN
its current edition of the Mahabharata
contains over one hundred thousand slokas, or
couplet, and eight times in volume
surpasses the Iliad and the Odyssey
Homer taken together. Indian literary
tradition considers the Mahabharata
a single work, and
credits her for authorship
to the legendary sage Krishna Dvaipayana Vyasa.
Summary
betweensouthern.
The main tale of the epic is dedicated to
stories of irreconcilable enmity
Kauravas and Pandavas - sons
two brothers Dhritarashtra and Pandu.
In this enmity and the struggle it caused,
according to the legend, gradually
numerous nations are involved
and tribes of India, northern and
It ends scary
a bloody battle in which
almost all participants die
sides Those who won
united at such a high price
country under his rule. So
way, the main idea of the main
legend is the unity of India
.
Mahabharata - book illustrations
"Mahabharata" sculptural illustrations
"Mahabharata" - sculptural relief
"Beowulf" England"Song of the Nibelungs"
Germany
"Song of My Sid"
Spain
Elder Edda Iceland
"The Song of Roland" France
"Kalevala"
Karelian-Finnish epic
"The Elder Edda" from a collection of Old Norse songs about the gods and heroes of Scandinavian mythology and stories.
"The Elder Edda" from a collection of Old Norse songs aboutgods and heroes of Scandinavian mythology and stories.
The plot tells about the struggle in which
two groups oppose each other;
solo heroes are usually
representatives of the groups. These groups may
be two peoples (for example, Russians and
Tatars), tribes, clans; or gods and
demons (for example, Greek Olympians
and titans). Bogatyrs-leaders and warriors
represent a historical people, and
their opponents are often identical
historical "invaders", foreign and
to heterodox oppressors. Opponents
meet in physical combat. The amazing epic Beowulf.
Refers to the end of VII or the first
third of the 8th century.
There are 3182 verses in Beowulf, and the Song
about the Nibelungs" three times more (2379
stanzas of four verses each),
whereas in the longest of
Eddic songs, “Speeches of the High One”,
a total of 164 stanzas (the number of verses in
stanzas fluctuates), and not a single
another song besides "Greenland
Atli's speeches" does not exceed a hundred
stanzas
"Beowulf."
In every country there aretheir heroes of the folk epic. IN
England was sung invincible
robber Robin Hood - defender
the disadvantaged; in Asia Geser the great archer: Evenki
heroic tales of the brave Sodani the hero; V
Buryat heroic epic young Alamzhi Mergen and his
sister Agui Gohon