Presentation about Sobakevich dead souls. Presentation on literature "the image of Sobakevich in the poem "Dead Souls"
Larina G.V.
Literature lesson in 9th grade
GALLERY OF IMAGES OF LAND OWNERS
IN N.V. GOGOL’S POEM “DEAD SOULS”
Lesson objectives: reveal the features of the system of images of landowners in N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls”; identify the internal logic of creating images of the local nobility; check the level of development of analysis skills literary character; involve students in research work.
Methodical techniques: repetition of known information about the characters of the local nobility in the form of a quiz, posing a question for discussion, creating problematic situation, conversation with elements research work, student messages.
Equipment: reproductions of portraits of landowners by P.M. Boklevsky, presentation of “Gogol’s Portrait Vernissage”, map of Chichikov’s travels, statements by critics
“Not a shadow of goodness, not a single bright thought,
there is not a single human feeling in them"
(G.A. Gukovsky)
“Gogol showed the ordinariness of an ordinary person”
(V.V. Kozhinov)
“Gogol puts Chichikov through the gauntlet
truly Russian people, each of whom
epic figure. And Manilov and Sobakevich,
and Plyushkin - they all came from the world of fairy tales"
(P. Weil, A. Genis)
Epigraph: “Dead souls... all these Nozdryovs, Manilovs and all the others”
A.I. Herzen
During the classes.
I. Organizing time. Announcing the topic and objectives of the lesson.
The central place in the first volume of Dead Souls is occupied by five “portrait chapters” (from the second to the sixth). Each of them is dedicated to a specific human type. Gogol gives these chapters in a certain order, which is not at all arbitrary. Chichikov’s visit to Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdrev, Sobakevich and Plyushkin is usually understood as the story of the adventures of an “acquirer” who buys souls that are actually dead, but legally alive, that is, not deleted from the audit lists. Meanwhile, a feature of Gogol’s works is the versatility of the text and the images created. Gogol’s text is like an archaeological excavation: the wider and deeper the field of research, the more visual a person’s life becomes, the more detailed and comprehensive the information received.
II. Quiz "Recognize the character" (students read cards prepared in advance by the teacher with a description of the landowners; they need to put the card with the description in the pocket with the image of the character in question). At the same time, an individual Lotto game follows the same principle.
1. “He was of average height, a very well-built fellow with full rosy cheeks, teeth white as snow and jet-black sideburns. It was fresh, like blood and milk; health seemed to be dripping from his face.” (Nozdrev)
2. “...the little eyes had not yet gone out and ran from under the high eyebrows, like mice, when, sticking their sharp muzzles out of the dark holes, pricking their ears and blinking their whiskers, they look out to see if a cat or a naughty boy is hiding somewhere, and sniff the very air suspiciously” (Plyushkin)
3. Of the people “known by the name: so-so people, neither this nor that, neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan...” (Manilov)
4. “The complexion had a red-hot, hot complexion, the kind that appears on a copper coin... the strongest and most wonderfully polished image...” (Sobakevich)
5. “... human feelings, which were not deep in him anyway, became shallow every minute, and every day something was lost in this worn-out ruin” (Plyushkin)
6. “...was in some respects a historical person. Not a single meeting he attended was complete without a story.” (Nozdrev)
7. “He looked like a distinguished man; His facial features were not devoid of pleasantness, but this pleasantness seemed to have too much sugar in it...” (Manilov)
8. “He thought about the well-being of a friendly life, about how nice it would be to live with a friend on the bank of some river, then he began to build a bridge across this river, then huge house” (Manilov)
9. “... by no means or effort could it be possible to get to the bottom of what his robe was made of: the sleeves and upper flaps were so greasy and shiny that they looked like yuft, the kind that goes into boots...” (Plyushkin)
10. “In his office there was always some kind of book, bookmarked on page fourteen, which he had been constantly reading for two years.” (Manilov)
11. “...most of all there was tobacco. It was in different things: in caps and in a tobacco box, and, finally, it was simply poured into a heap on the table. On both windows there were also piles of ash knocked out of the pipe, arranged, not without effort, in very beautiful rows.” (Manilov)
12. “... took them to his office, in which, however, there were no visible traces of what happens in offices, that is, books or paper; There were only sabers and two guns hanging - one worth three hundred, and the other eight hundred rubles... After that, a barrel organ appeared to the guests.” (Nozdrev)
13. “It would have been impossible to say that there was a living creature living in this room if its presence had not been announced by the old, worn cap lying on the table.” (Plyushkin)
14. “The table, armchairs, chairs - everything was of the heaviest and most restless quality - in a word, every object, every chair seemed to say: “And I, too, _________!” or “And I also look a lot like _________!” (Sobakevich)
Which character's characteristics didn't appear in the quiz? (Boxes)
III. Korobochka's monologue (performed by a student)
- I am an old noblewoman, a landowner. I have, father, a decent estate, a courtyard full of all kinds of domestic animals: turkeys, chickens, roosters, and boars. And what kind of gardens I have, sir, God forgive the boaster: I have cabbage, turnips, onions, and beets... And behind the garden, opposite the pig stable, are the huts of my peasants, I have eighty of them. I sell hemp and lard, and peasants, if God sends. It’s true that Chichikov offered to sell dead peasants. I’ll tell you straight, I was confused and started haggling, in case I made it cheaper (I haven’t sold dead ones yet).
IV. Analytical question.
For what Chichikov is dead souls?
V. The teacher's word.
The names of Manilov, Korobochki, Nozdryov. Sobakevich, Plyushkina, perhaps, are among the most famous among all the names of heroes of classical Russian literature. Some of them have long acquired a general meaning and become household names. But what do these names mean? What considerations guided the writer when thinking about the “naming” of the heroes of the poem?
VI. Student message “What do the names of landowners mean in N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” (students listen to the message against the background of the presentation “Gogol’s Portrait Gallery”)
- The literary names of the heroes of “Dead Souls” can be called hidden. They are ambiguous, because the naming of the hero can be realized by Gogol himself at different “slices” of the text. To understand the name, it is necessary to establish its internal connection with the image, and the image itself with the context of the work. Surname Manilov formed from the dialect word manila (the same as maniha, beckoner, beckoner), meaning: “one who promises, but deceives; the one who wonders; deceiver." Distinctive feature Manilov - the uncertainty of his character. The first impression turns out to be deceiving, “alluring.” landowner Box as a housewife personifies materialism and hoarding. Her surname, equivalent to a nickname, is associated with the box, which can be identified as a symbol of prosperity and wealth. Next character's last name: Nozdreva- is associated with the word nostril, which forms the adjective nostril in the meaning “with small holes, porous.” In dialects there is an adjective nozdryavy - “full of wells, holes.” All this is perceived by us as a hint of the moral inferiority of the landowner. Surname Sobakevich is associated with the word dog, although Mikhail Semenovich himself seems to Chichikov “very similar to a medium-sized bear.” The final, final stage of the death of the soul, the decay, the decomposition of everything truly human is represented by Plyushkin, crushed, flattened by life. Surname Plyushkin, associated with the word bun in the meaning of “small bun”, which is made by squeezing, making the dough flat, is indirectly associated with a change, crushing, flattening of the spiritual principle in a person. An indirect association of Plyushkin’s surname with the verb plop (sya) “heavy, hard to sit down, fall” is also possible, as a symbol spiritual decline hero.
VII. Teacher's word. Statement of a problematic question.
What unites all the landowners depicted by Gogol? Here are the statements of modern critics.
1) some believe that “not a shadow of goodness, not a single bright thought, not a single human feeling is in them” (Gukovsky G.A.);
2) others argue that Gogol’s heroes are neither virtuous nor vicious, they are “ordinary”. “average” people, but recreated with a unique Gogolian “brightness, strength and largeness”; they are vulgar, but, according to these critics, in the first half of the 19th century the word “vulgar” meant “ordinary” - Gogol showed “the ordinariness of an ordinary person” (Kozhinov V.V.);
3) still others believe that “Gogol takes Chichikov through the gauntlet of truly Russian people, each of whom is an epic figure. And Manilov, and Sobakevich, and Korobochka, and Plyushkin - they all came from the world of fairy tales. It is easy to recognize them as Koshchei the Immortal or Baba Yaga. Majestic in their passions and vices, these epic heroes represent Rus' as a fabulous, wonderful, absurd country” (Weil P., Genis A.)
Which of these opinions is closer to your perception of the poem and why? (The opinions of the guys are different. Some prove the traditional point of view. Others provide the following evidence: “I think that these are ordinary people who live now. Plyushkin and Korobochka are stingy to varying degrees; Manilov and Nozdryov are dreamers who do not know how to make their dreams come true reality, so they lie in order to elevate themselves in society. And Sobakevich is a person who thinks only about himself and his own benefit." "I agree with the opinions of Weil and Genis, because I also see in Gogol's landowners fairy-tale images: Plyushkin - Koschey the Immortal; Box – Baba Yaga; Sobakevich - Bear, who came out of a Russian fairy tale; Manilov - Cat Bayun, luring others into a sleepy kingdom; Nozdryov is the epic Nightingale the Robber")
Indeed, the names of Gogol's heroes, like fairy tale characters, have become household names. Just like the heroes of fairy tales, Gogol's landowners are simple and understandable to the reader, who seem to return to childhood when reading about the evil Koshchei or the clumsy Mikhail Potapych. As in fairy tales, the environment in the characters’ homes also plays an important role. For example, Korobochka’s house, in which there are potions and decoctions, immediately becomes Baba Yaga’s hut in our imagination, and Plyushkin’s house, with its mustiness, dampness, dust, becomes the palace of Koshchei the Immortal, etc.
On the other hand, speaking about the typicality of Gogol’s heroes, let’s remember the characters in Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”.
VIII. Expressive reading by a prepared student of an excerpt from the novel “Eugene Onegin” ( chapter five,XXV – XXVIII)
In the morning the Larins' house is visited by guests
All full; whole families
The neighbors gathered in carts,
In wagons, chaises and sleighs
There is a hustle and bustle in the front hall;
Meeting new faces in the living room,
Barking mosek, smacking girls,
Noise, laughter, crush at the threshold,
Bows, shuffling guests,
The nurses cry and the children cry.
With his portly wife
Fat Pustyakov arrived;
Gvozdin, an excellent owner,
Owner of poor men;
The Skotinins, the gray-haired couple,
With children of all ages, counting
From thirty to two years;
District dandy Petushkov,
My cousin, Buyanov,
In down, in a cap with a visor
(As you know him, of course)
And the retired landowner Flyanov,
Heavy gossip, old rogue,
Glutton, bribe-taker and buffoon.
With the family of Panfil Kharlikov
Monsieur Triquet also arrived,
Witty, recently from Tambov,
With glasses and a red wig...
And from a nearby village
The idol of mature young ladies,
A joy for county mothers,
The company commander arrived;
Entered... Oh, what news!
There will be regimental music!
The colonel himself sent it.
What joy: there will be a ball!
The girls jump in advance;
But food was served. Couple
They go to the table hand in hand.
IX. Teacher's word
One of the features of Gogol’s talent is that “passion to know everything,” that “desire to know a person,” which makes him look for people of all classes and notice something interesting in everyone.” We learn about this from Gogol’s letter to V.A. Zhukovsky. The ability to “catch a person’s soul” was a true discovery of the writer. Researchers of Gogol's language note that the writer worked on the word with the utmost effort of all his mental strength, since in addition to the subject of the image itself, the author was always interested in the word denoting this subject. Gogol was distinguished by his ability to “turn” a word in such a way as to extract the maximum artistic effect from it. To show that even the most, at first glance, insignificant images of the work carry a huge semantic load, let us turn to the topic “Description of food and its role in N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls.”
X. Student’s presentation with the message “Description of food and its role in the poem “Dead Souls”
- From the first pages of the poem, N.V. Gogol makes it clear that he assigns a significant place to images of food in the work. The writer is accustomed to treating food with respect, but still sharply separates satiety from gluttony. Main character When traveling from landowner to landowner, the first thing he does is find himself at the table. The owners consider it their duty to treat Chichikov to something amazing, be it “cabbage soup from the heart” from Manilov, or “blini” from Korobochka, or “wonderful balyk” from Nozdryov, or “side of lamb” from Sobakevich, or “rusk from Easter cake” "at Plyushkin's. Business conversations are preceded by a feast. The author constructs the narrative in such a way that every “edible” detail he highlights reflects the character trait of the landowner with whom Gogol’s hero is dining. So, from the bread crumbs left from evening to morning on the tablecloth in Nozdryov’s dining room, he concludes that the owner of the house is careless. And this, in turn, prompts Chichikov to think: should he behave like a friend and directly tell the owner about the goal, or is it better not to stubbornly insist on his own. This philistine tactic of the hero - to judge by the treat - is easily transferred to the vision of the world and people. In the tavern, the old woman tries to use Chichikov’s method of “guessing” people: “Manilov will be more delicate than Sobakevich: he will order the chicken to be cooked immediately, and he will also ask for the veal; if there is lamb liver, then he will ask for lamb liver, and Sobakevich will only ask for something, but he will eat it all, and even demand a supplement for the same price.” Landowners are depicted in the same way. For Plyushkin, food is a measure of human qualities: “You can recognize a person who is in good company anywhere: he doesn’t even eat, but he’s full.” And Sobakevich even divides people into provincial and metropolitan residents with the help of Chichikov’s “philosophy”. Some, in his opinion, “will eat half a side of lamb with porridge, having a cheesecake on a plate,” while others eat “some kind of cutlets with truffles.” In the provinces, Sobakevich suggests, the scale is different: what is small in the capital, here grows to extraordinary proportions. And, indeed, the reader sees that the vulgarity of the heroes doubles.
XI. Teacher's word
So, it is no coincidence that Gogol turned so often to images of food. Traditional for all world literature, they become for the heroes of “Dead Souls” a measure of human qualities, and for the author of the poem - a means of depicting the spiritual emptiness of characters engaged only in satisfying animal needs and therefore worthy of being called “pig snouts” to a much greater extent than people.
What vices do each of the landowners personify? (Manilov - empty daydreaming; Korobochka - cudgel-headedness; Nozdryov - unbridled character; Sobakevich - greed, passion for acquisitiveness (desire for profit); Plyushkin - “a hole in humanity”)
XII. Looking at Chichikov's travel map (creative work students)
Why is the image of Russian landowners presented to us in such a sequence? At first glance, this is dictated by purely external circumstances. Chichikov meets Manilov and Sobakevich at the governor's party. Chichikov first went to Manilov, and from Manilov to Sobakevich, but during a thunderstorm he got lost and ended up with Korobochka. Then, on the way, he stopped at a tavern for a “snack” and unexpectedly met Nozdryov. From Nozdryov I finally got to Sobakevich. When he learned from Sobakevich that Plyushkin, the owner of eight hundred souls of serfs who were dying “like flies,” lived five miles away, Chichikov went to this landowner.
XIII. Statement of a problematic question
But in the order in which Gogol introduces readers to the landowners, there is another, deep inner meaning. Which? Listen to several points of view on exactly this sequence of arrangement of landowners in the text of the poem “Dead Souls”.
The traditional point of view of literary scholars: landowners are arranged according to the degree of their degradation (Manilov still has everything - a family, children, furniture (although the features of desolation have already been outlined - “two chairs stood covered with just matting”, etc.); Plyushkin had all this, but lost over the years)
Modern point of view: landowners are divided conditionally into hoarders and spendthrifts: Manilov is a spendthrift; Box – storage; Nozdryov is a spendthrift; Sobakevich – storage device; Plyushkin - “a hole in humanity” (a spendthrift from hoarding, a hoarder from wastefulness)
Y. Mann's point of view: landowners are located in the text of the poem according to the degree of revival of their soul (pay attention to the fact that, when describing Manilov, Gogol draws our attention to the things surrounding him. Manilov has no inner world, his soul has died. And yet , only Plyushkin, as the author notes, has “living eyes,” and it is known that the eyes are the mirror of the soul, therefore, only Plyushkin is capable of reviving the soul)
XIV. Study of the characteristics of the characters - landowners (student's message)
- In Gogol, the contrast between the living and the dead, the death of the living is often indicated precisely by the description of the eyes. In Dead Souls, in the portrait of the characters, the eyes are either not indicated in any way (since they are simply unnecessary), or their lack of spirituality is emphasized. Thus, Manilov “had eyes as sweet as sugar”; in relation to Sobakevich’s eyes, the tool that nature used for this case is noted: “she picked the eyes with a large drill” (like in a wooden doll!) About Plyushkin’s eyes it is said: “The little eyes have not yet gone out and they ran from under their high eyebrows, like mice, when, sticking out their sharp muzzles from dark holes, pricking their ears and blinking their whiskers, they look out to see if a cat or a naughty boy is hiding somewhere, and sniff the very air suspiciously.”
XV. Improvised dialogue with Plyushkin (skit prepared by students)
- How do you live, Mr. Plyushkin?
- I'm getting poorer, gentlemen. The robbers are leading to ruin. At least Proshka, such a thief. There are costs all around.
- But once you were an excellent owner, your neighbors came to you to learn wise stinginess, reasonable frugality. Factories were working, machines, spinning mills, plows, scythes. The hostess was friendly and famous for her hospitality.
- Yes, all this happened. Not now the mistress died, the eldest daughter got married. The son left. The youngest daughter died. I was left alone.
XVI. Problematic question
Which of the characters in the poem has a biography? (Plyushkin and Chichikov)
He who has a past will also have a future. Who is capable of rebirth? If we remember that “Dead Souls” was conceived by analogy with Dante’s “Divine Comedy” - in three parts: the first part is “Hell”, the second part is “Purgatory”, the third part is “Paradise”, then the plan, therefore, is not limited to the depiction of “hell”, “the vulgarity of a vulgar person”, its limit lies in the salvation of this very “vulgar person”. The biography of Chichikov (as well as Plyushkin) is the story of the “fall of the soul”; but if the soul “fell”, it means that it was once pure, which means that its revival is possible - through repentance. What is necessary for repentance and cleansing of the soul? Inner self, inner voice. Right to spiritual life, only Plyushkin (to a lesser extent) and Chichikov (to a greater extent) also have “feelings” and “thoughts”. “With some vague feeling he looked at the houses...”; “there was an unpleasant, vague feeling in his heart...”; “Some terrible feeling, incomprehensible to him, took possession of him,” Gogol records moments of “introspection” (inner voice) in his hero. Moreover, there are frequent cases when Chichikov’s inner voice turns into the author’s voice or merges with it in famous poetic digressions. But this is the topic of our next conversation...
XVII. Homework: write out excerpts from the text of the poem lyrical digressions. What are they about?
LITERATURE
Weil P., Genis A. Native speech. 1991
Voropaev V.A. Dead souls: who are they? About the title of N.V. Gogol’s poem / Russian speech, 2002, No. 3
Gukovsky G.A. Gogol's realism. – M., 1959
Kozhinov V.V. Gogol's poem. – M., 1995
Mann Yu. Poetics of Gogol. – M., 1978
"Dead Souls"
Landowner Sobakevich
![](https://i1.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img1.jpg)
Business card.
Landowner Sobakevich Mikhailo Semenovich - a hater of enlightenment, a strong owner, unyielding in bargaining, will be happy to “throw mud” at all his acquaintances over a hearty dinner in his house.
![](https://i0.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img2.jpg)
Sobakevich
Artist
P. Boklevsky,
1875
![](https://i0.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img3.jpg)
Sobakevich
Artists Kukryniksy,
1937 - 1939
![](https://i0.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img4.jpg)
![](https://i0.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img5.jpg)
Village of Sobakevich
Artist A. Laptev
![](https://i2.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img6.jpg)
Chichikov at the Sobakevichs
Artist
A. A. Agin
![](https://i2.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img7.jpg)
Chichikov at the Sobakevichs
Artist
A. A. Agin
![](https://i1.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img8.jpg)
Chichikov and Sobakevich
Artist
A. A. Agin
![](https://i1.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img9.jpg)
Chichikov and Sobakevich
Artist
A. A. Agin
![](https://i2.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img10.jpg)
Character traits
- Kulaks,
- misanthropy,
- obscurantism (reactionality, hostility to progress, culture, science),
- coarseness,
- tight-fistedness.
![](https://i0.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img11.jpg)
Work by Bekhtina Natalia
1996
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Work by Frolova Nadezhda
1998
![](https://i2.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img13.jpg)
Work by Sergei Kozlov
1998
![](https://i1.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img14.jpg)
Work by Knyazkina Lyudmila
1998
![](https://i0.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img15.jpg)
Work by Knyazkina Lyudmila
1998
![](https://i0.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img16.jpg)
Work by Ekaterina Prytkova
2003 – 04 academic year year
![](https://i0.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img17.jpg)
A new stage of human decline - the “damn fist” Sobakevich. Gogol writes that it seemed that there was no soul at all in this man’s body. Sobakevich gravitates towards the old serf forms of farming, hates the city and education. He sees the meaning of life in the passion for profit. In addition to corvee, he also applies quitrent. Gogol called it “a portrait of the Russian stomach”: food is Sobakevich’s second passion.
Sobakevich is a real landowner, a huckster and a hoarder. He is arrogant and assertive. The author compares him to a bear.
Sobakevich is also a household name. His main qualities are greed and narrow interests.
![](https://i2.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img18.jpg)
References
- N. V Gogol “Dead Souls”, Moscow “Olympus. PPP", 1993
- Slide set of presentations for the poem by N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls". Author of the work - Vshivkova Valentina Mikhailovna, Municipal Educational Institution Lebyazhenskaya Secondary School
- http://ru.wikipedia.org Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- http://www.gogol.niv.ru/soch/gogol1.htm.Site “Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol”.
- Unified collection of Digital Educational Resources
- Literature website of the Russian General Education Portal.
- Illustrations by Russian artists for the poem “Dead Souls”.
![](https://i1.wp.com/fhd.multiurok.ru/2/6/9/269a9dec9cc17bd9842b9d3b06f055b5d638320f/img19.jpg)
- Volkova Elena Arkadyevna
- Teacher of Russian language and literature (1st qualification category)
- Municipal educational institution "Uryum secondary school"
- Tetyushsky district
- Republic of Tatarstan
- February 2010
The Domain of Sobakevich Mikhail Semenovich Sobakevich in the poem “Dead Souls” appears before the readers as the fourth character in the gallery of images. Acquaintance with him begins long before the appearance of the hero himself. A large village with strong and substantial buildings opens up to Chichikov’s gaze. The house of the landowner himself seemed to be destined for “eternal standing.” The buildings that belonged to the peasants also surprised Chichikov with their reliability and good quality. When describing the landscape, you need to pay attention to the forests that surround the village. On one side there was a birch forest, and on the other, a pine forest. This also indicates the thriftiness of the owner of the estate. Gogol compares the forest with the wings of the same bird, but one of them is light and the other is dark. Perhaps this is an indication of the character's character. This is how Gogol prepares the reader to perceive the complex image of the landowner Sobakevich.
Appearance of Sobakevich Description of Sobakevich, his external characteristics Gogol gives in comparison with animals and inanimate objects. This is a medium-sized clumsy bear. He moves by stepping on someone's feet. His tailcoat is bear-colored. Even the name, Mikhailo Semenovich, evokes in the reader an association with an animal. It was not by chance that Gogol did this. The characterization of Sobakevich, the description of his inner world begins precisely with the perception of the character’s appearance. After all, we first of all pay attention to such features. Sobakevich’s complexion, which was red-hot, hot, like a copper coin, also indicates some kind of strength, inviolability of character.
Description of the interior and the image of the hero of the poem The interior of the rooms where Sobakevich lived is unusually similar to the image of the owner. Here the chairs, the table, and the table were just as clumsy, bulky, and heavy as he was. The reader, having familiarized himself with the description of the hero’s appearance and his environment, can assume that his spiritual interests are limited, that he is too close to the world of material life.
What distinguishes Sobakevich from other landowners The image of the landowner Sobakevich, having a lot common features with other characters in the poem, but at the same time is very different from them. This brings some variety. The landowner Sobakevich not only loves reliability and strength in everything, but also gives his serfs the opportunity to live thoroughly and stand firmly on their feet. This shows the practical acumen and efficiency of this character. When the deal with Chichikov for the sale took place dead souls, Sobakevich personally wrote a list of his deceased peasants. At the same time, he remembered not only their names, but also the crafts that his subordinates owned. He could describe each of them - name the attractive and negative aspects of a person’s character. This indicates that the landowner is not indifferent to who lives in his village and who he owns. At the right moment, he will use the qualities of his people, of course, to his benefit. He absolutely does not accept excessive stinginess and condemns his neighbors for it. So Sobakevich speaks of Plyushkin, who, having eight hundred souls of serfs, eats worse than a shepherd. Mikhailo Semenovich himself is very happy to please his stomach. Gluttony is perhaps his main business in life
Making a deal This is an interesting point in the poem. The moment of concluding a deal related to the purchase of dead souls tells a lot about Sobakevich. The reader notices that the landowner is smart - he understands instantly what Chichikov wants. Once again, such traits as practicality and the desire to do everything for one’s benefit come to the fore. In addition, in this situation Sobakevich’s straightforwardness is manifested. Sometimes it turns into rudeness, ignorance, cynicism, which is the real essence of the character.
What is alarming in the description of the hero’s image is Sobakevich’s characterization, some of his actions and statements make the reader wary. Although much of what the landowner does, at first glance, seems worthy of respect. For example, the desire to ensure that the peasants stand firmly on their feet does not at all indicate Sobakevich’s high spirituality. This is done only for the benefit of oneself - there is always something to take from the strong economy of the subjects. Sobakevich says about city officials that they are swindlers, “Christ-sellers.” And this is most likely true. But all of the above does not prevent him from having some profitable business and relationships with these scammers. His attitude towards science and education is sharply negative. And Mikhailo Semenovich would hang the people who are doing this - he hates them so much. This is probably due to the fact that Sobakevich understands: education can shake the established foundations, and this is unprofitable for the landowner. This is where his heaviness and stability of views come from.
Mortality of the soul The characterization of Sobakevich with all its positive and negative aspects allows us to draw the main conclusion: the landowner Mikhailo Semenovich is dead just like his neighbors, officials from the city, and the adventurer Chichikov. Having an established character and way of life, Sobakevich and his neighbors will not allow any changes around them. Why do they need this? To change, a person needs a soul, but these people don’t have it. Gogol never managed to look into the eyes of Sobakevich and other characters in the poem (except Plyushkin). This technique once again indicates the absence of a soul. The deadness of the characters is also evidenced by the fact that the author tells very little about the family ties of the heroes. One gets the impression that they all came from nowhere, they have no roots, which means they have no life.
Birth Gogol was born in the town of Velikiye Sorochintsy, Mirgorod district, Poltava province, into the family of a landowner. They named him Nicholas in honor of the miraculous icon of St. Nicholas, kept in the church of the village of Dikanka. Gogol was born in the town of Velikie Sorochintsy, Mirgorod district, Poltava province, into the family of a landowner. They named him Nicholas in honor of the miraculous icon of St. Nicholas, kept in the church of the village of Dikanka. House of Doctor M.Ya. Trokhimovsky in Sorochintsy, where Gogol was born
Description of Sobakevich's village The village was quite large; two forests, birch and pine, like two wings, one darker, the other lighter, were on her right and left. The village huts of the peasants were also built marvelously: there were no brick walls, carved patterns or other tricks, but everything was fitted tightly and properly. Even the well was lined with such strong oak that Kokai is used only for mills and ships. Everything was stubborn, without swaying, in some kind of strong and clumsy order.
Description of the manor's house In the middle of the village one could see a wooden house with a mezzanine, a red roof and dark gray or, better yet, wild walls - a house like those built for military settlements and German colonists. The pediment did not fall in the middle of the house... Not four columns, as intended, but only three. The yard was surrounded by a strong and excessively thick wooden lattice. In the stables, barn and kitchen, full-weight and thick logs were used, determined to stand for centuries. On the walls hung pictures of Greek commanders, engraved to their full height. Then came the Greek heroine Bobelina, whose one leg seemed larger than her whole body. Right next to the window, a cheerful cage from which looked out a blackbird of a dark color with white specks, very similar to Sobakevich. Everything in the rooms was solid, awkward to the highest degree, and bore some strange resemblance to the owner of the house himself; in the corner of the living room stood a pot-bellied walnut bureau on absurd four legs, a perfect bear. Table, armchairs, chairs - everything was the same
Description appearance The landowner Sobakevich bears little resemblance to other landowners. This is a calculating, tight-fisted owner, a cunning tradesman. He is alien to the dreamy complacency of Manilov, as well as the violent extravagance of Nozdryov or the petty hoarding of Korobochka. He is laconic, has an iron grip, has his own mind, and there are few people who could deceive him. The author calls Sobakevich a patriot of the Russian stomach!
The landowner's attitude to Chichikov's proposal - Do you need dead souls? – Sobakevich asked very simply, as if we're talking about about bread. If you please, I'm ready to sell. “Damn it,” Chichikov thought to himself, “this one’s already selling before I even stuttered!” - So as not to ask you for an extra hundred rubles apiece! - said Sobakevich. After all the disputes about the price, Chichikov said - “it seems that some kind of theatrical performance or comedy is happening between us, otherwise I can’t explain it.” Sobakevich replied - you needed souls, I’m selling it to you, and you will regret that you didn’t bought.
Chichikov's attitude towards the landowner Sobakevich himself seemed to Chichikov to look like a medium-sized bear - he was even called Mikhail Semenovich. He was wearing a bear-colored tailcoat and long trousers. He walked awkwardly and constantly stepped on someone's feet. He had a fairly strong build, “didn’t move his neck at all,” and rarely looked at the person he was talking to. Sobakevich himself seemed to Chichikov to look like a medium-sized bear - his name was even Mikhail Semenovich. He was wearing a bear-colored tailcoat and long trousers. He walked awkwardly and constantly stepped on someone's feet. He had a fairly strong build, “didn’t move his neck at all,” and rarely looked at the person he was talking to. His complexion was red-hot, the kind you get on a copper coin.
Purchase and sale of “dead souls” The whole history of purchase and sale began with the fact that Sobakevich said - “yes, so as not to ask too much from you, one hundred rubles apiece!” “A hundred!” Chichikov cried, his mouth open. -But what is your price??? -My price, eight hryvnias apiece! - Why are you so big? – Sobakevich answered. - another scammer will deceive you, sell you rubbish, not souls; and I have a tough nut, everything is for selection. After all the arguments, Sobakevich said: “My last word, fifty rubles! Really, it's a loss to yourself, you can't buy this cheaper anywhere good people!»
Sobakevich, like a true merchant, presented his goods not just as dead people, but as valuable artisans: shoemakers, carpenters, brickmakers, etc., as if forgetting that they were no longer there. Finally, the guest and the owner agreed on the price and decided to go to the city tomorrow and draw up a bill of sale. Chichikov had to pay a deposit, but he demanded a receipt. When saying goodbye, the guest asked the owner not to tell anyone about the deal, and he agreed. The whole history of the purchase and sale began with Sobakevich saying - “so as not to ask too much from you, one hundred rubles apiece!”
THE IMAGE OF THE LANDSCAPE Sobakevich IN N.V. GOGOL’S POEM “DEAD SOULS”
Sobakevich Mikhailo Semenych is a landowner, the fourth “seller” of dead souls. The very name and appearance of this hero (reminiscent of a “medium-sized bear”, his tailcoat is of a “completely bearish” color, he steps at random, his complexion is “red-hot, hot”) indicate the power of his nature. . PORTRAIT
The character of Sobakevich is superbly captured by the writer and is revealed not only in his appearance, but also in his manner of speaking, moving, and in his entire way of life.
Every thing in Sobakevich’s house, starting from the “pot-bellied walnut bureau on the most absurd four legs” and ending with the last chair, surprisingly closely grew together with its owner and seemed to say: “I, too, are Sobakevich. And I, too, are very similar to Sobakevich.”
In S.'s house there are paintings on the walls depicting exclusively Greek heroes who look like the owner of the house. The dark-colored blackbird with speckles and the pot-bellied walnut bureau (“perfect bear”) are also similar to S. In turn, the hero himself also looks like an object - his legs are like cast iron pedestals. S. is a type of Russian kulak, a strong, prudent master. Its peasants live well and reliably. The fact that S.’s natural strength and efficiency turned into dull inertia is rather not the hero’s fault, but rather the hero’s misfortune. .
It is typical for Sobakevich to highest degree hostile attitude towards everything connected with the spiritual principle in human life. In his eyes, enlightenment and culture are all just fictions, useless and harmful to anyone.
According to Sobakevich, the only important thing in life can be caring for one’s own existence and well-being. Keeping his stomach full under any circumstances (at home or away - it doesn’t matter) is always in the foreground.
Sobakevich's posture throughout the entire conversation with Chichikov betrayed his bestial grip of a predator and a swift rush from an ambush towards his prey when it was within reach.
SOBAKEVICH lives exclusively in modern times, in the 1820s. From the height of his power, HE sees how the life around him has been crushed. During the bargaining, he remarks: “... what kind of people are these? flies, not people,” are much worse than dead people. SOBAKEVICH occupies one of the highest places in the spiritual “hierarchy” of heroes, because, according to the author, he has many chances for rebirth. By nature he is endowed with many good qualities.
The presentation was compiled by Vladimir Gorbunov, a student of grade 9 “B” of the MBOU “Ulyanovsk Secondary School” of the Lukoyanovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Teacher: 1st category teacher of Russian language and literature Nesterova O.A. 02/10/2012