History lesson day of national unity. National Unity Day in elementary school
On the eve of the Day national unity open lessons and classroom hours, as well as thematic excursions and exhibitions for schoolchildren were held in all regions of Russia.
In schools in the Amur region, open lessons for National Unity Day were held on five topics at once: “There is strength in unity”, “Looking through the pages of the history of our Fatherland”, “And united Rus' rose”, “Defenders of the Russian land”, “We are the children of Russia”.
In addition, schools and colleges in the region organized thematic exhibitions, classes, quizzes, sports competitions, promotions and concerts. In total, in honor of the holiday, hundreds of events will be held in educational organizations of the Amur region, where pupils and students will be told about the history of the holiday and its significance in modern world, reports IA Regnum.
Pupils of the Volgograd Center additional education On the eve of National Unity Day, Olympia children attended an open lesson on the topic “Slavic unity: the history of peoples - the history of the native language.”
The schoolchildren were told that mutual assistance, support and friendliness are the main human qualities that help maintain national unity, live in peace and kindness. After the open lesson, the children went on an excursion to the Trubachev Museum of the History of the Russian Language, where a Cossack ensemble performed: its soloists performed songs in five Slavic languages: Russian, Czech, Polish, Serbian and Bulgarian.
In Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, an open lesson on the topic of unity was held in the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ. As reported by the Sakhalin.info portal, Anna Kuznetsova, Commissioner for Children's Rights under the President of the Russian Federation, also joined the schoolchildren.
The schoolchildren were told the history of two inseparable holidays - National Unity Day and the church holiday of the Kazan Icon of Our Lady.
For Unity Day in Chechnya, thematic open lessons have been held since October 25, all of them are united by a single theme: “The people are united - they are invincible.” Each educational institution of the Republic held classes on the history of the holiday, interethnic and interreligious peace and harmony.
In one of the schools in Simferopol, an open lesson for National Unity Day was held by the Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Crimea, Vladimir Serov: the official told schoolchildren about the history of the holiday, its importance and significance in the modern political context. In particular, he focused on the relevance of the upcoming holiday, despite the fact that several centuries have passed since its inception.
According to Crimean schoolchildren, the essence of National Unity Day is to unite peoples, including to fight international terrorism. Its role is important not only for the development of the entire country, but also the republic itself - it is not without reason that the inscription “Prosperity in Unity” is reflected on the coat of arms of Crimea.
Let us remind you that National Unity Day has been celebrated in Russia since 2005. The history of the holiday is connected with the victory of the people's militia over the Poles in 1612, when, under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky, Kitay-Gorod was taken and the Kremlin was liberated.
The main festive event of the country will be in the capital's Luzhniki: the "Russia Unites" concert will take place here, in which Philip Kirkorov, the Lyube group, Grigory Leps, Polina Gagarina, Nargiz, Nyusha, Denis Maidanov, Elena Temnikova, Christina Si, will take part. Dzhigan and other artists.
However, the center of attention at the rally-concert will be public figures and representatives of civil society, the list of which is no less impressive: people will join the celebration National artist Russia Sergei Bezrukov, cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev, figure skaters Maxim Trankov and Tatyana Volosozhar, as well as Secretary of the RF OP Valery Fadeev and Chairman of the Moscow Chamber Konstantin Remchukov.
In addition, from the very morning, guests of the holiday at Luzhniki will be treated to educational quests and areas for sports and active games.
Theme: “National Unity Day”
Target: formation in students of the qualities of citizenship, patriotism, development of a sense of involvement with the fate of their country, their people, instilling responsibility for themselves, their loved ones, friends, and the fate of their Motherland.
Tasks:
* Explain the meaning and significance of the new public holiday introduced in the Russian Federation
* Development of a critical attitude to reality
Unity - proclaimed the oracle of our days,
Perhaps it is welded together with iron and blood.
But we will try to solder it with love,
And then we’ll see what’s stronger...
F.I.Tyutchev
1. Dear guys, today we dedicate our lesson to the national holiday National Unity Day. Guys, do you know what historical events this holiday is associated with?
In the 17th century, 4 centuries ago, a time of troubles began in Russia. Tsar Ivan the Terrible died. The eldest son was unable to reign, and the youngest, Dmitry, died under mysterious circumstances while playing with a knife. Without the king, as without the owner of the house, chaos immediately began. And as the people say: when trouble comes, open the gate. Immediately 2 years in a row there were lean years, and famine began. Many wanted to take the Russian throne in these difficult years for everyone. And even foreigners, Poles and Swedes, fraudulently wanted to place false kings on the throne. That’s what their names were: False Dmitry-I and False Dmitry-II. Robberies and robbery began in Russia, but there was no one to restore order. So our country went bankrupt, and the Poles captured it. The impostor False Dmitry I reigned for a whole year, but he failed to deceive the Russian people; he was exposed and killed. But order was never established in the country, which is why there was no unity in the country. Soon another impostor, False Dmitry II, appeared. And people did not know what to do and who to believe. The enemies continued to seize Russian lands, ruin the country, and humiliate the people.
But always, when the Motherland is in danger, heroic people are there to save it.
The merchant Kozma Minin and the governor Dmitry Pozharsky gathered the people's militia. (The teacher shows an illustration of the monument to Minin and Pozharsky) The Venerable Irinarch the Recluse of Borisoglebsky blessed Minin and Pozharsky for the holy cause of expelling the invaders. The people's militia had to go a long way to Moscow; for a whole year they liberated the Russian lands captured by the Poles and Swedes. Everyone helped as best they could and also joined the ranks of the militia.
Moscow was liberated from invaders in 1612. We defeated the enemy because we were together, because we defended our homeland and did not want to lose it.
We won thanks to the intercession of the icon of the Kazan Mother of God.
Russia elected a new Tsar, Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov. And peace and tranquility came to the country. And a monument was erected to the liberating heroes Minin and Pozharsky with money raised by the people.
The history of Russia teaches us: separately, alone, we cannot do what can be done together.
This happens in life: one person plants a tree, and all together plant a garden; one person will only have time to lay a brick, but for those who got down to business together, the house is ready!
Friendship unites people and nations. Together they live happily.
We must not forget the lessons of history: Russia is strong only when it is united!
That is why our country has such an important holiday - National Unity Day. Homeland and unity... Such a deep meaning lies in this holiday.
Russia has been tested many times and has more than once experienced times of chaos, hostility and anarchy. When the country weakened, its neighbors attacked it, trying to conquer lands and enslave our people. We called these times troubled, and also bloody. But the country rose from the ashes again and again. After each tragedy, she only became stronger, the envy of her enemies.
2. p Holiday dedicated to National Unity Day. This is not only a holiday of expelling invaders who carry values alien to us, it is a holiday of friendship and unification, a holiday of love and harmony, faith that God is in truth, and not in power. Remember the slogan of the winners: stick together, love and help each other, be able to sincerely forgive the offender.
2. Let’s all stand up, hold hands and say this chant together:
The main thing is together!
The main thing is to be friendly!
The main thing is with your heart burning in your chest!
We don't need indifference!
Drive away anger and resentment!
3. The guys prepared poems about the Motherland. Let's listen to them.
1st reader: What is the Motherland? Tell me now, so that the whole school and your favorite class can listen.
2nd reader: The Motherland is my friends, I believe them, I love them. We study together, we play, we score goals. We share joy and sorrow, Where else can I find such people?
3rd reader: Homeland - relatives, friends, family Mom, dad, grandmother and, of course, me!
It’s good for us to live together in the same house, to share and love about everything.
4. Presentation creative work“How my last name came about” (Kosinova A.)
5. Teacher: The Russian people remember and honor their heroes. Guys, do you know the names of the heroes of Russia? Today we will remember the warriors of Rus',
After all, we who live today have a particle of their blood!
6. Students talk about the heroes of Russia
1st student
Prince Alexander Nevsky played an exceptional role in Russian history. In 1240, he defeated an army of Swedes on the Neva River, for which he received this nickname. And 2 years later he defeated the German knights. For his exploits, the church canonized him. His enemies remembered his words for a long time: “Whoever comes to Russian soil with a sword will die by the sword! And it has always been like this! And it will always be like this!” Prince Alexander Nevsky did not lose a single battle.
MBOU Verkhnebykovskaya secondary school Teacher of history and social studies Ventsova L.A. Explanatory note. Much attention is paid to the educational orientation of the educational process in a modern educational institution. Today, more than ever, the task of developing civic values among the younger generation is becoming a priority: patriotism, an active life position, manifested in love for one’s country, responsibility for its destiny, and respect for its history. Raising a patriot of the country is one of the main conditions for national revival. A competent patriot is a person loving homeland, able to respond to changes in society, to defend their human rights. The concept of patriotism includes the formation of love for one’s family, one’s native land, to your society, nature, country, planet Earth. These are not only philosophical, social, economic problems, but also pedagogical ones. It is important to raise an active patriot of your country, and not an outside observer. When forming a patriot, we, first of all, must see in him a person, a personality. Therefore, a patriot is a person imbued with patriotism, i.e. devotion to one's small homeland, to your land, to your Fatherland, to your people. From a pedagogical point of view, this is an original individuality, a person with national self-awareness, respect for the historical and cultural heritage of his people, to human personality and human rights. In this methodological development a lesson on the history of Russia for 59 classes is presented, dedicated to one of the Days of Military Glory of Russia on November 4. This day is known as National Unity Day. In accordance with the Federal Law, on November 4, 2005, our country celebrated National Unity Day for the first time, which became an annual solemn and memorable Day.
Lesson topic: “National Unity Day.” Epigraph to the lesson: “A patriot is a person serving the Motherland, and the Motherland is, first of all, the people.” (N.G. Chernyshevsky) Goal: to form an idea of the new Russian holiday, its origins and meaning, to cultivate civic qualities and patriotic feelings in schoolchildren. Expected results: Subject: ability to answer questions asked, conduct analysis, highlight causes, results, consequences, master the concepts of a given period; Communication skills: ability to work in a group, distribute responsibilities, cooperate, listen to other students, prove your point of view; Regulatory: the ability to bear not only individual responsibility, but also joint responsibility for the activities of the group; Personal: development of tolerance; Cognitive: continue searching for information and analyzing it after the lesson, using additional literature to broaden your horizons. Lesson progress: Teacher: Our country is in last years officially acquired a new holiday, “National Unity Day,” which is now celebrated annually on November 4. Question: Tell me, what is unity? Why is it needed? Under what conditions does it occur? Answer: The celebration of this day is connected with the events of Russian history back in 1612. Question: Tell me, what events took place at this time?
Answer: these events were associated with the liberation of Moscow from Polish invaders. Teacher: Russian people have always loved their Motherland. In her name they performed feats, composed songs and epics, composed poems... You, Rus', spread wide across the face of the earth In royal beauty! Don't you have heroic powers, the ancient saint, loud feats? There is something for this, mighty Rus', to love you, to call you mother, to stand up for your honor against an enemy For you in need, lay down your head! Teacher: What feelings did this poem evoke in us? Answer: A feeling of triumph and pride for one’s Motherland - Russia, for its mighty and glorious people. Teacher: B different time Russian people composed proverbs and sayings about the Motherland. Here are just a few of them. Your own land is sweet even in a handful. Your own land - your own ashes. Without roots, wormwood does not grow. Every sandpiper praises its swamp. The native side is the mother, the alien side is the stepmother. Anyone who has not been to Moscow has never seen its beauty. Teacher: Motherland and unity... Let's talk about how you understand these words, what is the meaning of today's holiday? Answer: The strength of Russia lies in unity, the unity of the people. Teacher: But how do you and I know all this? That's right, from history! Russia has been tested many times, has experienced times of chaos more than once,
hostility and anarchy. When the country weakened, its neighbors attacked it, rushing to snatch a bigger and fatter piece. However, you can always find the most plausible excuses for robbery and robbery. We called these times troubled, and also bloody. Internal and external storms shook the country to its very foundation, so much so that not only the rulers, but also the forms of government themselves changed. But the country rose from the ashes again and again. After each tragedy, she only became stronger, the envy of her enemies. Now let's fast forward 400 years ago to the beginning of the 17th century. What event is it about? we're talking about? What great turmoil shook the Russian land? (students' answers). Absolutely right. We are talking about the events of the distant 17th century, about troubled times when Russia faced a choice: to be or not to be. At that distant time, the fate of our country and our people was being decided. It was November 4, 4 centuries ago. That is why, when we talk about the holiday of November 4, we understand that November 4 is the day of unity of all Russian peoples; this is the day of saving Russia from the greatest danger that has ever threatened it; This is a revived holiday with its own history. By the way, about history: November 4 is famous for various historical events. And here in Russia, on this day we celebrate the liberation of Russia from the Polish-Lithuanian intervention. Almost 4 centuries ago, in early November, the people's militia drove the Polish invaders out of Moscow and put an end to the so-called Time of Troubles. During the Time of Troubles, the boyars could not divide power among themselves, and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was already planning where and what it would build in Rus' when it took control of it. This dragged on for a long time, and if the Polish gentry’s plans had come true, then you and I would not live either in the USSR or in Russia. Who knows, who we would be now?.. The militia is unique in that it is the only example in Russian history when the fate of the country and state was decided by the people themselves, without the participation of the authorities as such. The people went to liberate the land and restore order in the capital. They didn’t fight for the Tsar; he didn’t exist. Our great-great-great-great-grandfathers went to fight for the land, and they won. Then all classes, all nationalities, villages, cities and metropolises united. This day is rightly called the Day of National Unity. There was no other day like this in Russian history.
This holiday has been celebrated since 2005. The immediate reason for the introduction of the new holiday was the planned cancellation of the November 7 celebration, which in people's minds is associated with the anniversary October revolution 1917. The idea to make November 4 a holiday as National Unity Day was expressed by the Interreligious Council of Russia in September 2004. It was supported by the Duma Committee on Labor and Social Policy. On September 29, 2004, Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Alexy publicly supported the Duma's initiative to establish a celebration on November 4. I will read you an excerpt from a poem, and will you remember from the course of national history what happened in that period in our country? Great turmoil in Rus'... There has been no good peace for twelve years. From the reign of Boris - now There is discord in the government, There is turmoil among the people, And there is great emptiness across the lands, Yes, the tears of widows, Yes, the bitter cry of children... There is something to nest in despair In my soul: The capital is burned, And the Kremlin is in the hands of presumptuous Poles, Oh , the taxing people groan heavily! Devastation, disorder, desecration of human shrines and the holiness of churches... Who can the Russian people rally around? Who will bring us deliverance from our enemies?
Students answer that this is the period between the reigns of two dynasties: from the death of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich to the accession of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, when the country was shaken by food riots, impostors appeared, and Polish-Swedish invaders tried to seize Russian lands. Teacher: Yes, this is a very difficult period in the history of our Fatherland, when the independence of our Motherland literally hung by a thread, and the Polish-Swedish invaders already felt at home in Russian lands. Teacher: today let’s once again turn over the pages of the history of that difficult time and try to answer the question: who helped the Russian people cope with the enemy in those hard years? On the screen are portraits of historical figures without signatures: Fyodor Ivanovich, Boris Godunov, False Dmitry 1, Vasily Shuisky, Dmitry Pozharsky, Ivan Susanin. Teacher: Who are these guests? To summarize: students answered the question correctly. Next, the teacher suggests in the list of historical personalities to note those individuals who played an important role in the liberation of Moscow and all of Russia from the Poles and helped Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov to be crowned king. Students note: Dmitry Pozharsky, Kuzma Minin, Ivan Susanin. Teacher: On October 22, 1612, militia fighters led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky took the city of China by storm. Prince Pozharsky entered the city with the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God and vowed to build a temple in memory of this victory. This date in Russian history is considered the end of the Time of Troubles and the beginning of the unity of the Russian people. These are the real heroes. They managed to unite the people around the idea of serving the Fatherland. They started talking about brotherly love and sacrifice. Among the anger, greed and despair that gripped the people, they reminded that there is no greater feat than to give one’s life for one’s brother... Coming from the people, Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky! All
their thoughts and all their will were directed towards the salvation of the Motherland and their father’s faith. And they accomplished the impossible, they defeated the enemy who had overrun the country. These were difficult times of the Polish intervention. The Poles ruled Moscow, the Swedes captured Novgorod. Governance of the country was completely lost. Under these conditions, Nizhny Novgorod mayor Kuzma Minin called on the people to liberate the Motherland. The command of the militia was headed by an experienced military leader, Prince Dmitry Pozharsky. In the spring of 1612, the people's militia set out on a campaign and in November of the same year the invaders laid down their arms. The feat of the Kostroma peasant Ivan Susanin will forever serve as a symbol of loyalty to the Motherland. He sacrificed his life for the sake of another person, the young man Alexei - the future Tsar of Russia. The patriotic movement of the people was crowned with complete victory. Power was restored in the Kremlin. In February 1613, the Zemsky Sobor elected Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov to the throne. Teacher: I will read you excerpts from poetic works, and you will try to answer which character the lines belong to: Russian people! Orthodox people! Is the enemy invincible? Are we really going to give up the land? No! Leading the people with us, Let us go, not sparing our lives, Loving our Fatherland, our homeland! Let us all, who are rich in anything, not hide at all. Let's all help, like a brother, because we are one family! Students answer: Kuzma Minin Teacher: Which hero do these lines belong to? “Where are you taking us?... we can’t see anything! –
The enemies cried out to the peasant with their hearts: We are stuck and drowning in the snowdrifts:; We know that we won’t be able to stay with you for the night. You've probably lost your way, brother, on purpose; But you won’t be able to save Mikhail!” “Where have you taken us?” the old Lyakh cried out. “Where you need it!” the peasant said. You thought you found a traitor in me: They are not, and will not be on the Russian land! In it, everyone loves their homeland from infancy, And will not destroy their soul by betrayal." "Villain! - the enemies shouted, boiling: You will die under swords! “Your anger is not terrible! Whoever is Russian after heart will die in a harsh battle, defending his homeland! Students answer: Ivan Susanin. A message about the feat of Ivan Susanin, a previously prepared student. Ivan Susanin is a Russian national hero, a peasant from the Kostroma district. Almost nothing is known exactly about the life of Ivan Susanin. There is also an opinion that Ivan Susanin was the patrimonial headman. The Polish king decided to destroy the pretender to the Russian throne, Mikhail Romanov, and sent his detachment to the place where Mikhail and his mother were at that time. Poles and Lithuanians in a detachment approached the village of Domnin, Kostroma district, with the goal of killing the newly elected Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. The Poles hired Susanin as a guide. Ivan Susanin led a detachment of Poles into impassable swamps. Susanin himself died, but the Poles were no longer able to get out of the swamps. In the center of Kostroma there is a monument to Ivan Susanin. Works are dedicated to Ivan Susanin and his feat
musical, visual and verbal arts: M. I. Glinka’s opera “Ivan Susanin” (“Life for the Tsar”), K. F. Ryleev’s thought “Ivan Susanin”, N. A. Polevoy’s drama “Kostroma Forests”, painting by M. I. Scotti “The Feat of Ivan Susanin.” Teacher: Who is this poem about? This monument was erected to the two heroes by the entire country in honor of the fact that the native land was spared from dishonor. Students: Minin and Pozharsky. Teacher: So who, after all, helped Russia overcome the turmoil and drive out the enemy? Students: The Russian people themselves, united into one militia. Teacher: We know that at all times the unity of the people was, is and will be the main national idea for our country, both politically and spiritually. This is the one historical background, which connects our past, present and future. The teacher suggests answering the questions for the quiz: (group work) 1. In what year was National Unity Day celebrated for the first time in modern Russia? 2. Which one memorable date replaced National Unity Day? 3. Name the president under whom National Unity Day became a red day of the calendar? 4. Under which king was the holiday first introduced? 5. What was the historical reason for the emergence of this memorable date? 6. From whom were Moscow and Russia liberated in the 17th century, what served as the beginning of the history of National Unity Day? 7. Who came up with the idea to do on a holiday in Russia on November 4 in September 2004? 8. Who led the assault on Kitaygorod on November 1, 1612?
9. Which city became the center of the celebration of National Unity Day in 2005? The teacher suggests doing the exercise: “Continue the sentences”: (group work) 1. The most precious thing for a person is... 2. A patriot of his homeland is... 3. Far from my home, I will remember... 4. Debt for me is... 5 The light in the windows of my house is... 6. I would like the future of my country to be... 7. Helping the Fatherland means... 8. The law for me is... Teacher: Let us always remember that we, Russians, are one people with a common historical destiny and a common future. Let's work together for the well-being of our Motherland. We are all united by Russia, and may our love for the Fatherland serve the common good! Our people saved their homeland, saved their faith and statehood. The day of the liberation of Moscow from the invaders is celebrated as National Unity Day. This is not only a holiday of expelling invaders who carry values alien to us, it is a holiday of friendship and unification, a holiday of love and harmony, faith that God is in truth, and not in power. Remember the slogan of the winners: stick together, love and help each other, be able to sincerely forgive the offender. In conclusion, let’s hold hands and take this oath together: The main thing is together! The main thing is to be friendly! The main thing is with a heart burning in your chest! We don't need indifference! Drive away anger and resentment! Remember this feeling of unity and amazing elation and keep it for life. Be worthy of the glory of your ancestors. Thank you for your attention.
The All-Russian lesson dedicated to the celebration of National Unity Day on November 4, 2013 pursues the following goals: education of Russian civic identity: patriotism, respect for the Fatherland, the past and present of the multinational people of Russia; studying the history of your people; fostering a sense of responsibility and duty to the Motherland, respect for Russian public holidays.
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Job title: Public lesson on this topic:"Day of National Unity"
Subject area:Social science. Story. MHC
Annotation: The open lesson pursues the following goals: education of patriotism, respect for the Fatherland, the past and present of the multinational people of Russia; studying the history of your people; fostering a sense of responsibility and duty to the Motherland, respect for Russian public holidays.
Job title: general education teacher
(social studies and history)
Place of work: State autonomous educational institution
average vocational education Moscow cities
TECHNOLOGICAL COLLEGE No. 24
Participants: students of secondary vocational education and training groups (16-19 years old)
Methodological development of an open lesson
on this topic:
"Day of National Unity"
Moscow
2014
Explanatory note
The All-Russian lesson dedicated to the celebration of National Unity Day on November 4, 2013 pursues the following goals: education of Russian civic identity: patriotism, respect for the Fatherland, the past and present of the multinational people of Russia; studying the history of your people; fostering a sense of responsibility and duty to the Motherland, respect for Russian public holidays.
Lesson type: combined (integrated) lesson with game elements.
Equipment: Constitution of the Russian Federation, personal computer with Internet access, multimedia equipment (interactive whiteboard), Microsoft presentation Power Point on this topic.
Goals and objectives of the lesson:
1. To deepen students’ knowledge about the events of the Time of Troubles at the beginning of the 17th century;
2. Contribute to strengthening the sense of pride for the Motherland;
3.Promote moral and patriotic education on the examples of the heroes of the People's Militia of 1611 - 1612;
4. To instill in children the joy that we were born and live in Russia, the desire to become heirs to the glorious traditions of Russian history.
Preparation of the event: Prepare a presentation on a given topic in advance, distribute topics and material for preparing messages to students.
Lesson steps:
I. Organizing time
Checking students' readiness for the lesson.
II. introduction teachers
Slide No. 1
Teacher's story:
November 4 is a national holiday in Russia -National Unity Day.The scientific community, the media, public and politicians did a lot to convey to public consciousness the meaning of this holiday.
This holiday is wonderfully captured in verse:
Student's speech:
National Unity Day
Celebrates every year
Who is a Russian patriot?
Who loves our fatherland,
There is no one cuter and more beautiful than her!
And on a November day
Congratulations ring out loudly,
In honor of the people of the militia,
Homelands of liberation.
From the interventionist Poles,
To the capital of the contenders.
Glory to the brave people,
For Russian freedom!
(http://pozdravok.ru/pozdravleniya/prazdniki/den-narodnogo-edinstva/8.htm)
III. Learning new material
Slide No. 2
November 4th went down in Russian history as the day of the liberation of Moscow from the Polish-Lithuanian invaders in 1612.
The history of the origin of this holiday is by no means simple, and still a significant part of Russians, as sociological surveys show, find it difficult to answer the question of what events served as the reason for the establishment of a new public holiday.
Teacher’s question: how did a new holiday appear in our calendar??
Speech by a student who talks about the history of the emergence of the National Unity Day holiday.
Slide No. 3
Initially, it was assumed that November 4 would become one of the days of military glory of Russia along with such events asBattle of the Neva, Battle of the Ice and the battle on the Kulikovo field.
Slide No. 4
Later attention Russian politicians focused only on the anniversary of the liberation of Moscow from the Polish-Lithuanian invaders. Not the least important role was played by the government’s intention to exclude November 7, which was originally called"Anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution", and since 1996 - "Day of consent and reconciliation."
Slide No. 5
Politicians have repeatedly stated that November 7 is associated not with agreement and reconciliation, but with a split in Russian society, which resulted in a bloody civil war.
Slide No. 6
In September 2004, the initiative to introduce a new state holiday was taken by the Interreligious Council of Russia and the Moscow Patriarchate, then by the Duma faction of the United Russia party. In accordance with the adopted law, amendments were made to Labor Code Russian Federation: the celebration of November 7 was cancelled, and November 4, as the Day of National Unity and Harmony, was declared a holiday (non-working) day and was widely celebrated in the country in 2005.
Slide No. 7
It was from this year that a tradition was established according to which the President of the Russian Federation, as the head of state, lays flowers at the monument to Minin and Pozharsky on Red Square.
What is this youngest of modern Russia's public holidays dedicated to?
Teacher's story:
Slide No. 8
For several years, Russia was gripped by a series of severe upheavals, which contemporaries aptly called"Time of Troubles""Troubles" and modern historians increasingly characterize it as the first civil war in the history of our country.
Slide No. 9 Slide No. 10
After the suppression of the royal Rurik dynasty, which ruled the country for more than seven centuries, the ruler elected at the Zemsky Council, the tsar, ascended the throne for the first timeBoris Fedorovich Godunov.
The change of the royal dynasty took place under the most unfavorable conditions: the country was gripped by a protracted economic crisis in the early years of the 17th century. It is not surprising that the people perceived what was happening as God’s punishment for the sins of society, and the recently elected Tsar Boris was considered the main sinner.
Slide No. 11 Slide No. 12
Slide No. 13
Rumors of atrocities circulated in the countryBoris Godunov,he was credited with seizing power by deception and even killing the king's youngest son Ivan the Terrible - Tsarevich Dmitry.
Slide No. 14 Slide No. 15
Soon in a state neighboring Russia - Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - an impostor appeared, posing as"miraculously saved" Tsarevich Dmitry.
The weakening of Russia was in the interests of the Polish ruling circles, which secretly financed the impostor’s collection of mercenary troops on the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the end of 1604, a small army False Dmitry invaded Russian territory, many Russians, dissatisfied with the tsar, went over to the side of the impostorBoris Godunov.At the height of the confrontation, in the spring of 1605, Tsar Boris died, and this predetermined the success of his rival: just two months later False Dmitry entered Moscow and was crowned king.
However, the impostor remained on the throne for less than a year - dissatisfaction with his power grew among the boyars, and the people were irritated by the dominance of foreigners in the royal circle (mainly people from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth).
Slide No. 16 Slide No. 17
In May 1606, the boyars managed to carry out a coup d'etat, during which False Dmitry was killed, and the royal crown passed into the hands of the head of the conspirators - the boyarVasily Ivanovich Shuisky.
The four years of his reign were accompanied by continuous disasters and upheavals.
There were rumors that the “legitimate Tsar Dmitry Ivanovich” had escaped, and the rebel army fighting for him under the leadership of a former slaveIvan BolotnikovaBy the end of 1606 it had approached Moscow.
With considerable difficulty, the rebel army was driven back from the capital and defeated, but by this time a new impostor had appeared on the western borders of Russia - False Dmitry II.
Slide No. 18
His motley army (which included many subjects of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russian people) set up its camp in the village of Tushino near Moscow in the summer of 1608; many cities swore allegiance to the “miraculously saved king,” not wanting to serve the “self-crowned king.” Desperate to cope with the enemy on our own, tsar Vasily Shuisky turned to Sweden for help, receiving an unreliable mercenary army in exchange for territorial concessions on the northwestern borders. However, the appearance of Swedish troops on the territory of the country served as a signal for the invasion of Russia by the army of the Polish king, who intended to achieve both the Swedish and Russian crowns.
Slide No. 19
The courage and heroism of the Russians, who resolutely fought against foreign troops and Russian supporters of the impostor, are worthy of the grateful memory of posterity: the garrison of the Smolensk fortress heroically resisted the Polish troops for 20 months, held the defense against people for 16 months False Dmitry II and the Trinity-Sergius Monastery never submitted to the enemy.
Slide No. 16 Slide No. 17
In the summer of 1610, the unpopular tsar Vasily Shuisky was deposed and forcibly tonsured a monk; by the end of the same year, his rival also fell victim to betrayal - False Dmitry II. The Moscow boyars declared their readiness to transfer the Russian throne to the son of the Polish king, Prince Vladislav.
This step immediately turned Russia’s recent allies - Swedish mercenaries - into no less greedy than the troops of the Polish king Sigismund III, invaders.
The election of a foreign prince to the throne did not bring peace to the country. The Polish-Lithuanian detachment, which entered the Moscow Kremlin with the permission of the boyars, quickly turned into an occupation garrison, dictating more and more unacceptable living conditions to Muscovites in their hometown.
Meanwhile, Prince Vladislav was in no hurry to accept the royal crown offered to him, refusing to accept the main condition of the Russian side - to convert to the Orthodox faith.
Slide No. 20 Slide No. 21
IN provincial cities already at the beginning of 1611, armed detachments began to form, merging in the springThe first people's militia,the leaders of which were the Ryazan noblemanProkofy Lyapunovand recent supporters False Dmitry II - boyar prince Dmitry Trubetskoyand Cossack chieftain Ivan Zarutsky.
Slide No. 22
The militias that marched towards Moscow, however, did not have time to liberate Moscow: in March 1611, Muscovites raised an uprising against the invaders, which was brutally suppressed, and the city itself was put on fire. Unfortunately, the idea to set fire to the city was suggested to the enemy by the Russian people themselves, who were on the enemy’s side.
The flames spared only the Kremlin and Kitay-Gorod, where Polish-Lithuanian troops took up defensive positions. Troops approaching the ashes of the capitalFirst People's MilitiaThey began the siege of the city and even managed to achieve the first successes.
But the lack of unanimity and trust in each other in the ranks of the militia ruined the common cause. European contemporaries already predicted imminent and inevitable death for the Russian state. They planned to profit from Russian lands even at the opposite end of Europe - in England and Spain.
Slide No. 23 Slide No. 24
At this moment, when it seemed there was no one to expect salvation from, the formation ofSecond People's Militia.
Slide No. 25
The events of that time are wonderfully reflected in poetry Irina Krymov oh
Student's speech:
Rus' woke up from a heavy slumber,
Rus' is strong by the will of the people.
The appeals of the church are so powerful:
For Orthodoxy, country!
There is excitement on the banks of the Volga.
Popular anger is sprouting.
Minin's militia is preparing,
Pozharsky will lead the regiments.
The initiative for its creation came from the Nizhny Novgorod zemstvo elder Kuzma Minin, a middle-income meat merchant. It was he who addressed the residents of Nizhny Novgorod with an appeal to sacrifice their property for the sake of saving the Fatherland. Myself Kuzma Minin set an example by donating most of his property to the people's cause.
However, the emerging militia needed not only cash and food. No less important was a leader who had serious combat experience and, at the same time, earned high moral authority among his compatriots. Military leadership of the emerging militia was offered to Prince Dmitry Pozharsky. At 33 years old, he had considerable military experience behind him and, what was especially important, was not noticed in any of the betrayals that were so abundant in that era
At the beginning of 1612, the Nizhny Novgorod army set off and in the spring settled in the city of Yaroslavl. In Yaroslavl, news was received that a strong detachment under the command of the hetman was moving towards besieged Moscow to the rescue of the Polish garrison Khodkevich with a large food train, Pozharsky and Minin came to the aid of the remnantsThe first militia,which was commanded by the princeDmitry Trubetskoy.
Slide No. 26
Student performance (poems)Irina Krymova)
Chodkiewicz army of Poles,
Lithuanians and Hungarians led to Moscow
To the aid of the garrison of the gentry,
She settled down in the Kremlin itself.
Pozharsky fought a battle in Moscow
For holy Rus', not in chains.
And the militia won
In those bloody battles.
And soon the garrison that is in the heart
The country sat like a sharp knife,
The militia laid siege.
Rus' has perked up again.
Heroes of those distant times -
Pozharsky, Minin - forever!
About the glorious high feat
A popular line sounds.
Powers Second militiaarrived at the walls of the capital just in time to block the path of the hetman's army Khodkevich. Joint efforts of the militia Trubetskoy and Pozharsky at the end of August 1612 they were able to repel an enemy attempt to break into the Kremlin.
Slide No. 27
The combined efforts soon bore fruit: on October 22, 1612, the militia drove the enemy out of Kitay-Gorod, and on October 26, the remnants of the Polish-Lithuanian garrison in the Kremlin capitulated. The capital was liberated from foreign rule, and this meant the biggest victory on the path to overcoming Troubles.
Slide No. 28
Only having gained unity, our ancestors were able to defend the independence of the Fatherland 400 years ago, thereby confirming the gospel wisdom:“every kingdom divided against itself is desolate; and every city or house. He who is divided against himself cannot stand.”
IV. Quiz:
Slide No. 29
Methodology: The projector shows slides that contain fragments of architectural structures in Moscow. The students’ task is to find out which architectural structure is shown on the slide. The first student to give the correct answer is awarded a prize.
Slide No. 30
Question:
Slide No. 31
Answer: State historical Museum - one of the best museums in Moscow, located in the very center of the capital on Red Square. The unique exhibition reflects all the milestones of Russian history from ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century, in museum funds More than 5,000,000 exhibits are stored. The State Historical Museum is the largest museum in Russia.
Slide No. 32
Question: What Moscow building do you see on the slide?
Slide No. 33
Answer: Spasskaya Tower - the most beautiful and slender tower of the Moscow Kremlin, its main gate.
Slide No. 34
Question: What Moscow building do you see on the slide?
Slide No. 35
Answer: St. Basil's Cathedral, which is also widely known as the Intercession Cathedral or the Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God, is one of the most beautiful and ancient churches in Moscow, the most important decoration of Red Square.
Slide No. 36
Question: What Moscow building do you see on the slide?
Slide No. 37
Answer:
GUM is a store located right on Red Square, combining imperial scale with Soviet chic.
People come here not only to shop, but also to plunge into history, run along the famous bridges, gaze at the fountains and in every possible way enjoy the purchasing process, which in GUM is always pleasant, not boring and leisurely in a good way.
Slide No. 38
Question: What Moscow building do you see on the slide?
Slide No. 39
Answer:
The State Kremlin Palace is the main stage of the country - one of the best and prestigious theater and concert venues in Russia.
Events of all genres and directions are held on the stage of the State Kremlin Palace. Among them are pop concerts, fashion shows, film premieres, ballets, operas, forums, circus performances etc. Russian and world stars of the first magnitude perform here.
The State Kremlin Palace hosts about 300 events a year.
Slide No. 40
Question: What is the name of this place in Moscow today that you see on the slide?
Slide No. 41
Answer:
Okhotny Ryad is one of the oldest streets in Moscow. It runs from Manezhnaya Square to Teatralnaya, parallel to Georgievsky Lane and Nikolskaya Street. The street got its name in the 17th century, as it was a small part of the large Moscow market, where game could be traded. Over the centuries, the trading area was moved several times to other parts of the city, and the name of the street stuck.
Slide No. 42
V. Consolidation of the material covered
It is very important for everyone to know the history of their homeland. History is the memory of the people about who we are, where are our roots, what is our path? The most important thing in studying the historical past of your homeland is to learn to love it. And Russian people are characterized by love for their native land, where they were born and raised. From time immemorial, this love has been manifested in their readiness to defend, without sparing their lives, their Fatherland from enemies.
Our great Motherland has a glorious, eventful heroic story. For centuries, the people of our country have had to fight numerous, strong and cruel enemies in order to defend the freedom and independence of their Motherland.
Literature to prepare for the lesson:
- Mosmetod.ru - Guidelines on conducting an All-Russian lesson dedicated to National Unity Day.
- http://ru.wikipedia.org-
- Skrynnikov R.G. Russia on the eve of the “Time of Troubles” - M., 1981.
- Zaitsev Yu. V. History of Russia: From ancient times to the Romanov dynasty. - M., 2002.
- Morozova L.E. Troubles: its heroes, students, victims / L.E. Morozova. - M.: AST [etc.], 2004.
The methodological development of a classroom scenario on the topic “National Unity Day, November 4” is offered to visitors, and is recommended for implementation in the middle school level. In addition to the script, there is also a fascinating and visual presentation of 44 slides in development.
The material of the educational hour makes it possible to organize it in the form of a civil-patriotic orientation, dedicated to the Day of National Unity on November 4. Basic goals class hours are as follows:
development of feelings of patriotism and citizenship, love for the Motherland;
increased interest in historical events that took place in Russian state;
fostering feelings of respect and pride for;
formation of responsibility for the future, for the fate of one’s homeland.
National Unity Day November 4 – brief description of the class hour
From the first minutes of the “National Unity Day” class hour, the teacher reports, accompanied by presentation slides, about the Russian national holiday to which the event is dedicated and announces the performance of the national anthem ( first verse and chorus).
And after listening to an excerpt from the anthem of the Russian Federation, the conversation with class students intensifies on the following issues:
Tell me, what does this holiday call for all citizens of our country?
What do you suppose is the meaning of National Unity Day?
Why do you think our people need unity?
Having introduced students to the topic on the above questions, we move on to reading thematic poems: "Unity Forever", .
History of the celebration of National Unity Day
At the next stage of the class, we introduce the children to the history of the origin of this holiday. This holiday was established in memory of the events that took place in the Russian state on November 4, 1612. It was on this day, more than four hundred years ago, under the leadership of Dmitry Pozharsky, as well as Kuzma Minin, the people’s militia were able to storm Kitai Gorod, which led to the liberation of Moscow from the Polish interventionists.
But, the most important thing is that this event demonstrated an example of genuine unity and heroism of the entire people, regardless of religion, position in society, material well-being or origin.
If we consider this holiday from a historical perspective, then it can be associated with the end of the Time of Troubles, which took place in Russia during the late 16th - early 17th centuries. When the Moscow throne began to shake after the death of Ivan the Terrible, and none of his three sons stood at the head of the throne for a long time, Boris Godunov came to power. This is where the period of history began, called the Troubles.
The contribution of Minin and Pozharsky and National Unity Day
Despite the fact that Boris Godunov intended to do a lot of good for his country, the people did not forgive him for the death of Ivan the Terrible’s youngest son, Tsarevich Dmitry, in the midst of famine and crop failure. Here False Dmitry I ascended the throne with the support of the Polish king. However, he did not suit the boyars and Poles, since he did not allow Rus' to be freely ravaged.
Then False Dmitry II ascended the throne, wishing to place the son of the Polish king Vladislav on the Moscow throne. However, the Polish king Sigismund decided to take the Moscow throne himself, making Rus' part of the Kingdom of Poland. Here the patience of the people ran out, and they began to form militias one after another.
Minin and Pozharsky
These militias were headed by Prokopiy Lyapunov, and then by Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, to whose militia the merchant Kozma Minin was one of the very first to donate all his property, calling on others to follow his example. And now the militia of Minin and Pozharsky managed to gather a large army and besiege Moscow occupied by the Poles. Two months later, on November 4, 1612, the so-called Kitai-gorod was taken, and the enemy army surrendered to the victors.
National Unity Day November 4 and Ivan Susanin
Let’s not forget about another feat accomplished in 1613 by Ivan Susanin. He managed to lead a detachment of Polish interventionists into a deep forest, which was going to capture only the elected Russian Tsar, the son of Patriarch Filaret - Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. At the cost of his death, Susanin managed to destroy the invaders, leading them to the swamps of a dense forest.
Poems were written in honor of Ivan Susanin and musical works. During the course, the scriptwriter proposes to organize a dramatization "Ivan Susanin" based on the poem by K. Ryleev
We also remind students that November 4th is also the Day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. These two holidays have become identical since 2005, since the celebration in honor of the icon named "Kazan", was established precisely as a sign of gratitude for the liberation of Rus' from the Poles in 1612.
At the end of the class hour, the results are summed up and a quiz is held on the questions, accompanied by presentation slides. A detailed development of the scenario for the class hour, which is called “National Unity Day,” can be downloaded along with the presentation at the beginning of the article. In the player below we recommend viewing the slides of the specified presentation ↓