Famous paintings about nature with names. Development of creative imagination through landscape painting in institutions of additional education
Landscape painting in Russia developed very intensively. It is represented by many wonderful artists whose paintings are world masterpieces. landscape painting.
The landscape genre in Russia was finally formed in the 18th century. Its founder is considered S.F. Shchedrin.
The era of classicism
Semyon Fedorovich Shchedrin (1745-1804)
A graduate of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, S. Shchedrin became a professor of landscape painting at the Academy. He worked in the style of academic classicism, which continued to occupy a dominant position in the Russian art of landscape painting and in early XIX v. He worked a lot in the open air. His landscapes are characterized by emotional expressiveness.
His most famous works are views of parks and palaces in Pavlovsk, Gatchina and Peterhof.
S. Shchedrin "View of the Gatchina Palace from the Silver Lake" (1798)
F. Matveev and F. Alekseev worked in the same style.
Fyodor Mikhailovich Matveev (1758-1826)
He is also a graduate of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. But his work, in contrast to the work of S. Shchedrin, is mainly devoted to the landscapes of Italy, where he lived for 47 years and where he died.
His landscapes are distinguished by ease of execution, accuracy, warm color, special skill in depicting distant shots.
F. Matveev "Neighborhoods near Tivoli" (1819). State Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow)
Fyodor Yakovlevich Alekseev (1753 / 1755-1824)
F. Alekseev is one of the founders of the Russian urban landscape, the greatest master of the Russian veda.
He graduated from the Academy of Arts, improved in Venice as a theater artist, but at the same time painted landscapes. Later, he completely left work on theatrical scenery and took up what he loved - landscape. His city landscapes are distinguished by lyricism and subtlety of execution.
F. Alekseev "View of the Mikhailovsky Castle in St. Petersburg from the Fontanka". Russian Museum (Petersburg)
Andrey Efimovich Martynov (1768-1826)
Russian landscape painter. Graduate of the Academy of Arts. He lived in Rome for a long time, then returned to Russia and became an academician of painting. Traveled with the Russian embassy to Beijing and painted many views of Siberian and Chinese areas; then he visited the Crimea and the banks of the Volga, from where he also borrowed subjects for his landscapes. Undertook a second trip to Italy and died in Rome.
A. Martynov "View of the Selenga River in Siberia"
The era of romanticism
During this period, the most prominent landscape painters were S. Shchedrin (1791-1830), V. Sadovnikov, (1800-1879), M. Lebedev (1811-1837), G. Soroka (1823-1864) and A. Venetsianov ( 1780-1847).
Sylvester Feodosievich Shchedrin (1791-1830)
S. Shchedrin "Self-portrait" (1817)
Born into the family of the famous sculptor F.F. Shchedrin. The artist Semyon Shchedrin is his uncle. He was admitted to the number of pupils of the Academy of Arts at the age of 9.
His first paintings were written in the style of classicism, true to nature, but they have not yet developed an individual artist's style.
Italian author seascapes.
In the landscapes of the 1828-30s. there is already a romantic uplift, a desire for complex light and color effects. The paintings are notable for their disturbing drama.
S. Shchedrin " Moonlight night in Naples "
Grigory Vasilyevich Soroka (real name Vasilyev) (1823-1864)
G. Soroka "Self-portrait"
Russian serf painter. He studied painting with A.G. Venetsianov and was one of his favorite students. Venetsianov asked the landowner to give free Grigory so that he could continue his education at the Academy of Arts, but he could not achieve this - the landowner prepared him as a gardener. After the peasant reform, he took part in peasant unrest against the landowner. He wrote complaints from the peasant community against his landowner, for which he was arrested for 3 days. It is believed that this arrest was the reason for the artist's suicide.
Like most of the artists of the Venetsianov school, G. Soroka painted urban and rural landscapes, interiors, and still lifes. The works of the Venetian school are marked by the poetic immediacy of the depiction of the surrounding life.
G. Soroka "View in Spasskoe" (second half of the 1840s)
Alexei Gavrilovich Venetsianov (1780-1847)
A. Venetsianov "Self-portrait" (1811)
He was one of the first to show the charm of the dim nature of the Central Russian strip.
The Venetianov family came from Greece.
A.G. Venetsianov was most famous for his images of peasants. But in many of his paintings there is a landscape - the artist perfectly knew how to convey chiaroscuro.
A. Venetsianov is the author of theoretical articles and notes on painting.
A. Venetsianov "Sleeping Shepherd" (1823-1824)
Landscape painting of the second half of the 19th century
In the second half of the XIX century. landscape painting in Russia began to develop in different styles: M. Vorobiev, I. Aivazovsky, L. Lagorio, A. Bogolyubov continued to paint in the romantic style.
P. Sukhodolsky (1835-1903) worked in sepia technique. Sepia- image technique, common in painting, graphics and photography. The word "sepia" literally translates as "cuttlefish" - originally paint of this color for artists is made from ink bags of cuttlefish and squid. This bag helps the molluscs hide from danger: it throws out paint, which instantly spreads and makes thousands of liters of water completely opaque to the predator. Currently, there is also an artificial sepia for artists, but natural sepia is also used, which is brought from Sri Lanka. It is believed that it is natural sepia that has a more saturated color, it is more resistant than artificial.
P. Sukhodolsky "In the village in winter" (1893)
Many painters began to work in a realistic style (I. Shishkin), a fairy-tale-poetic form (V. Vasnetsov), in an epic genre (M. Klodt), etc. It is impossible to tell about the work of all artists of this period, we will dwell only on some names.
Fyodor A. Vasilyev (1850-1873)
F. Vasiliev "Self-portrait"
Russian landscape painter who died very young, but left many wonderful landscapes.
His painting "The Thaw" immediately became an event in Russian artistic life. Its author's repetition, in warmer colors, was shown at the 1872 World Exhibition in London.
F. Vasiliev "The Thaw" (1871). State Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow)
P.M. Tretyakov acquired the painting even before the exhibition began. A repetition of the painting was ordered by Emperor Alexander III, this copy was in London.
F. Vasiliev "Wet Meadow" (1872). State Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow)
Victor Elpidiforovich Borisov-Musatov (1870-1905)
V. Borisov-Musatov "Self-portrait"
This artist, with a surprisingly pure soul, gravitated towards generalized images, colorfulness and decorativeness of the landscape.
V. Borisov-Musatov "Spring" (1898-1901)
He knew how to express mood through the state of nature. Spring, with flowering trees and "fluffy" dandelions, immerses a person in a state of bright joy and hope.
Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev (1878-1927)
B. Kustodiev "Self-portrait" (1912)
B. Kustodiev is considered a master of portraiture. But many of his works went beyond this framework - he turned to the landscape. In the early 1900s, for several years in a row, he went to the Kostroma province for field work and created many paintings of the everyday and landscape genre. He attached great importance to line, drawing, color spot.
B. Kustodiev "Maslenitsa" (1903). State Russian Museum (Petersburg)
In the same period of time, plein air was finally established in Russian landscape painting. In the further development of the landscape, impressionism played an important role, influencing the work of almost all serious painters of Russia.
Alexei Kondratyevich Savrasov (1830-1897)
A. Savrasov (1870s)
A.K. Savrasov became the founder of the lyrical landscape, he was able to show the unintended beauty and tenderness of the discreet Russian nature.
A. Savrasov graduated from the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture. The work "View of the Kremlin from the Crimean bridge in inclement weather" made the name of Savrasov famous. According to the historian of art N. A. Ramazanov, the artist “conveyed ... the moment is extremely true and vital. You see the movement of clouds and you hear the noise of tree branches and wrapped grass - there will be a downpour. "
A. Savrasov "View of the Kremlin from the Crimean bridge in inclement weather" (1851)
The most famous work of A. Savrasov is the painting "The Rooks Have Arrived". But she became so iconic that she overshadowed all of his other wonderful landscapes.
The artist's life was not very happy and ended tragically. His favorite student Isaac Levitan wrote: “From Savrasov appeared lyricism in landscape painting and boundless love for his native land <...>and this undoubted merit of his will never be forgotten in the field of Russian art. " And the literary critic I. Gronsky believed that "There are not many Savrasovs in Russian painting ... Savrasov is good with some kind of intimate, only his characteristic perception of nature."
Mikhail Vasilyevich Nesterov (1862-1942)
M. Nesterov "Self-portrait" (1915)
M. Nesterov, a student of A. Savrasov, also depicted the discreet beauty of Central Russian nature. He created a unique type of landscape, close in spirit to I. Levitan - lyrical, devoid of flashiness and bright colors, imbued with love for Russia. This landscape was later called "Nesterovsky". The invariable "characters" of his landscape are thin white-trunk birches, stunted Christmas trees, muted greenery of spring or autumn forest, scarlet bunches of mountain ash, pussy willows with furry catkins, barely noticeable flowers, endless expanses, quiet, still waters with reflected in them like frozen forests. Another characteristic feature of Nesterov's landscape: the spiritualized nature on his canvases always merges in harmony with the lyrical mood of the heroes, empathizes with their fate.
M. Nesterov "Vision to the youth Bartholomew"
Archip Ivanovich Kuindzhi (1841 or 1842-1910)
V. Vasnetsov "Portrait of Kuindzhi" (1869)
Russian artist of Greek origin. He was very poor, earned money as a retoucher, made unsuccessful attempts to enter the Academy of Arts. Only on the third attempt did he become a volunteer at the Imperial Academy of Arts. At this time, he met with the Itinerant artists, among whom were I. N. Kramskoy and I. E. Repin. This acquaintance had a great influence on Kuindzhi's work, laying the foundation for his realistic perception of reality.
But in the future, the Association of the Wanderers became for him in many respects restraining, limiting his talent to strict limits, so there was a break with him.
Kuindzhi was attracted by the picturesque play of light and air. And this, as we already know, is a sign of impressionism.
A. Kuindzhi "Moonlit Night on the Dnieper" (1880). State Russian Museum (Petersburg)
A. Kuindzhi "Birch Grove" (1879). State Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow)
Others wonderful landscape painters XIX in .: Vasily Polenov (1844-1927), Konstantin Korovin (1861-1939), Ilya Repin (1844-1930), Nikolai Ge (1831-1894), Valentin Serov (1865-1911), Kiriak Kostandi (1852-1921) , Nikolay Dubovskoy (1859-1918) and others. These are the artists of Russian impressionism.
The fate of many of them was not easy because of the negative attitude towards "etudeism" that began in the 30s, they began to evaluate their work with innuendo, avoiding direct characterization of their style.
Let's just take a look at their wonderful landscapes.
V. Borisov-Musatov "Autumn Song" (1905)
I. Repin "What an open space!" (1903)
K. Korovin "Autumn Landscape" (1909)
Landscape painting in the XX century
In landscape painting of the XX century. the traditions and trends laid down in the 19th century developed: Pyotr Konchalovsky (1876-1956), Igor Grabar (1871-1960), Konstantin Yuon (1875-1968) and other artists.
I. Grabar "March snow" (1904)
Then the search began for new expressive means to convey the landscape. And here the names of the avant-garde artists Kazimir Malevich (1879-1935), Vasily Kandinsky (1866-1944), Natalia Goncharova (1881-1962) should be mentioned.
K. Malevich “Landscape. Winter "(1909)
Pavel Kuznetsov (1878-1968), Nikolai Krymov (1884-1958), Martiros Saryan (1880-1972) and others created their landscapes in the spirit of symbolism.
P. Kuznetsov “In the Steppe. Mirage "(1911)
In the era of the method of socialist realism, new forms, individual styles and techniques continued to develop. Among landscape painters, one can distinguish Vasily Baksheev (1862-1958), Nikolai Krymov (1884-1958), Nikolai Romadin (1903-1987) and others, who developed the lyrical line of the landscape.
V. Baksheev "Blue Spring" (1930). State Tretyakov Gallery (Moscow)
Konstantin Bogaevsky (1872-1943), Alexander Samokhvalov (1894-1971) and others worked in the genre of industrial landscape.
Alexander Deineka (1899-1969), Georgy Nyssa (1903-1987), Boris Ugarov (1922-1991), Oleg Loshakov (1936) worked in the "severe style" they developed.
G. Nyssa "Green Road" (1959)
Landscape - eternal theme and an eternal genre, it is inexhaustible.
Contemporary artist A. Savchenko "In the summer"
The page presents the most famous paintings Russian artists of the 19th century with names and descriptions
The varied painting of Russian artists since the beginning of the 19th century attracts with its originality and versatility in the domestic fine arts... Painting masters of that time never ceased to amaze with their unique approach to the plot and reverent attitude to the feelings of people, to native nature... In the 19th century, portrait compositions were often painted with an amazing combination of an emotional image and an epic calm motive.
Canvases of Russian painters, which are the most popular: Alexander Ivanov is a bright representative of the picturesque biblical direction, in paints telling us about the episodes of the life of Jesus Christ. Karl Bryullov - a painter popular at one time, his direction history painting, portrait subjects, romantic works.
Marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky, his paintings are magnificent and one can say simply unsurpassedly reflect the beauty of the sea with transparent rolling waves, sea sunsets and sailing ships.
The works of the famous Ilya Repin, who created genre and monumental works reflecting the life of the people, stand out for their distinctive versatility. Very picturesque and large-scale paintings by the artist Vasily Surikov, the description of Russian history is his direction, in which the artist emphasized episodes in paints life path of the Russian people.
Each artist is unique, for example, Viktor Vasnetsov, a picturesque master of fairy tales and epics, unique in his style, is always juicy and bright, romantic canvases, the heroes of which are all of us famous heroes folk tales... Very picturesque and large-scale paintings by the artist Vasily Surikov, the description of Russian history is his direction, in which the artist in paints emphasized the episodes of the life of the Russian people.
In Russian painting of the 19th century, such a trend as critical realism, emphasizing ridicule, satire and humor, was also manifested. Of course, this was a new trend, not every artist could afford it. In this direction, such artists as Pavel Fedotov and Vasily Perov decided
The landscape painters of that time also occupied their niche, among them Isaac Levitan, Aleksey Savrasov, Arkhip Kuindzhi, Vasily Polenov, the young artist Fedor Vasiliev, the picturesque master of the forest, forest glades with pines and birches with mushrooms Ivan Shishkin. All of them colorfully and romantically reflected the beauty of Russian nature, the variety of forms and images of which is associated with the colossal potential of the surrounding world.
According to Levitan, in every note of Russian nature there is a unique colorful palette, hence there is a huge scope for creativity. Perhaps this is the mystery that the canvases created in the endless expanses of Russia stand out with some exquisite severity, but, at the same time, they attract with a discreet beauty, from which it is difficult to look away. Or the painting by Levitan Dandelions, which is not at all intricate and rather not catchy, as it were, encourages the viewer to think and see the beautiful in the simple.
The paintings of Russian artists are magnificent in skill and truly beautiful in perception, amazingly accurately reflecting the breath of their time, the unique character of the people and their desire for beauty .. They cannot be forgotten by everyone who happened to see them in museums. The artists worked in various genres, but all their works are imbued with a sense of beauty and eternal. Therefore, in our busy, high-speed age, when there is so little time, it is worth looking at one of these pictures, and you will find yourself in a cool oasis of tranquility, hope, joy and inspiration. Having rested your soul, you will be ready to continue your journey, washing away the layer of daily worries and unnecessary fuss. Each person can find in these works not only an amazing color, elegance of lines, but also an answer to the question about the very meaning of life.
Russian landscape painters
The founders of Russian landscape painting: Semyon Fedorovich Shchedrin, Fedor Yakovlevich Alekseev.
Throughout the 18th century, a gradual formation of the landscape genre took place in Russian art. And only by the end of the 18th century did landscape become an independent genre. Painters strive to express the poetic essence of the landscape. The founder of Russian landscape painting is Semyon Fedorovich Shchedrin. He is attracted by the outskirts of St. Petersburg, parks. He creates a number of types of parks: Gatchina, Peterhof: "View of the Bolshaya Nevka and the Stroganovs' dacha". Fyodor Yakovlevich Alekseev is one of the founders of Russian landscape painting. Its main theme is the urban landscape. The best paintings of the artist are dedicated to St. Petersburg. "View of the Palace Embankment from the Peter and Paul Fortress" refers to the early period of Alekseev's work, when the artist, who was predicted to be a theater decorator, first achieved recognition as a landscape painter. For some time before that, he lived in Venice, where he carefully studied the art of the famous Venetian A. Canaletto, who had a noticeable impact on the formation of his creative appearance. Alekseev is a perspectivist. For him, in the urban landscape, the most important is the perspective-spatial construction, and of course, the "austere, slender view of St. Petersburg" perfectly suited the artistic tastes of Alekseev. Lovingly and attentively, the artist drew harmonious perspectives of St. Petersburg squares and streets with their magnificent palaces and granite embankments, while perceiving the city vividly, figuratively, emotionally. The favorite motive of Alekseev's landscapes is the Neva and its embankments. The advanced vibration of the air, the play of light on the water and the walls of buildings, Alekseev imparted a peculiar lyrical coloring to the Petersburg species, enhancing it with the introduction of human figures that revive the silent desolation of slender and majestic structures.
The romantic landscapes of Silivestor Feodoseevich Shchedrin and I.K. Aivazovsky.
Sylvester Feodoseevich Shchedrin - nephew of S.F. Shchedrin. S.F. Shchedrin is rightfully considered the ancestor of plein-air romantic painting in Russian art. He is known as the author of a number of small paintings with views of Rome, Naples and Sorrento, attracting with silvery light, soft airiness and a special perception of the life of nature and man in it. In comparison with the conventionally decorative classicistic landscapes of the 17th century that preceded them, they seem to be living "portraits" of nature, copied from nature by an artist who is absurdly in love with her. Sylvester Shchedrin lived most of his life in Italy, where he died. Once a diligent student of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, Shchedrin in the 1820s completely turned away from classicism, which was still very influential in Italy. Very soon the favorite type of the Shchedrino landscape of the southern seaside town took shape. The obligatory coastal cliffs, closing the spaces, give it lyrical intimacy and tranquility: "View of Sorrento near Naples" (1828). A significant contribution to the further development of the romantic landscape was made by I.K. Aivazovsky. A painting depicting the sea is called a seascape, and an artist who paints the elements of the sea is called a seascape painter. The most famous seascape painter is Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky. Wise people said that a person never gets tired of looking at water and fire. The ever-changing sea, now calm, now agitated, its changeable color, unbridled element - all this has become main theme in the work of Aivazovsky. The name of Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky is one of the most popular in Russian art. The famous marine painter left a truly enormous legacy. Most of Aivazovsky's paintings are dedicated to the sea, now calm and quiet in the bright rays of the setting sun or in the glow of the moonlight, then stormy and unstable. In the painting "Seashore" the image of the sea appears in its lyrical-romantic interpretation. The landscape clearly demonstrates the artist's creative method. "Seashore" is clearly composed and written without nature, but the artist's imagination accurately recreated the typical character of the seashore, the state of nature before an impending thunderstorm.
Poetry of Russian nature in the painting of A.G. Venetsianov.
Alexey Gavrilovich Venetsianov (1780-1847) was not a landscape painter. He painted pictures everyday genre, portraits ordinary people... But in his works the landscape plays a huge role: "On arable land. Spring", "At harvest. Summer", "Sleeping shepherd boy". An artist of the Pushkin era, he made an artistic discovery of peasant Russia. Genre painter and portrait painter A.G. Venetsianov made his significant contribution to the development of the National Russian landscape. This is the first in Russian painting a truthful depiction of the characteristic motives of the Central Russian rural landscape - golden fields of rye, soft dense grasses, village hedges. All this makes Venetsianov one of the founders of the Russian lyrical landscape.
Landscape painting of the Itinerant artists: A.K. Savrasov, I.I. Shishkin, F.A. Vasiliev, A.I. Kuindzhi.
In the second half of the 19th century (1870), a significant event took place in Russian art: the Association of Traveling art exhibitions headed by the artist I.N. Kramskoy. The Peredvizhniks were united by the desire to popularize art and directly influence real life through art, enlightening and educating the people. The Wanderers denounced social injustice, were adherents of realism in art (the truth of life). Among the Wanderers, many artists painted in the landscape genre and made a significant contribution to the development of this genre, creating the aesthetics of a new realistic landscape. One of the first places in this process belongs to A.K. Savrasov (1830-1897) A.K. Savrasov decisively took a new path in the painting "The Rooks Have Arrived" (1871). "The landscape of Savrasov" The Rooks Have Arrived "is the best, and it is really beautiful, although Bogolyubov and Baron Klodt and Shishkin are right there. But all these trees, water and further air, and the soul is only in rooks," ... Kramskoy his impressions from the exhibition of the Association of the Itinerants in 1871, where for the first time the painting by Alexei Kondratyevich Savrasov, which later became so famous, was shown. It was this landscape of Savrasov that was destined to play an outstanding role in the history of the development of Russian landscape painting. He opened the era of the lyrical assimilation of Russian nature by artists. With "Rooks", as Kramskoy aptly put it, the search for the "soul" of Russian nature in painting began. Contemporaries were struck by the poetic penetration of the landscape with the exceptional simplicity and modesty of the motive. This was the discovery and conquest of Savrasov, continued and developed later by his student I.I. Levitan and A.A. Korovin. In this the artist saw the specificity and originality of Russian nature. It should be noted another very important point in Savrasov's perception of the image of Russian nature: the landscape in the painting "The Rooks Have Arrived" is inextricably linked with the life of the Russian people, inspired by its invisible presence. The way of life of the people determines the specifics of the landscape motive; in turn, nature shapes the artistic and aesthetic tastes of the people. In this, the deep nationality and true nationality of the popular landscape painter A.K. Savrasov.
If A.K. Savrasov was a prominent representative of the lyrical landscape in Russian art, then on the other pole is the landscape work of Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin. He painted large canvases with panoramic-unfolded views. Shishkin's Russian nature is nature, intended for the heroic people. His ideal is the sublime image of Russian nature. "The Singer of the Russian Forest" I.I. Shishkin showed through his canvases the glory, power, strength of Russian nature.
In the history of Russian landscape painting I.I. Shishkin entered as an artist who glorified the greatness and wealth of Russian nature, the mighty peace of Russian forests. Shishkin's name and paintings are extremely popular. The audience is invariably attracted by the general availability of Shishkin's poetic images, the simplicity and clarity of his artistic language. All graphic and paintings lies, sturdy and precise design, clear compositional design. Shishkin drew a lot, constantly studied nature. He was meticulous to the point of pedantry in the limit of detail. Shishkin's favorite motive is the motive of a forest landscape. The artist was unmatched in the depiction of the forest. Forest plots are developed in Shishkin's work in a very diverse way. A true masterpiece among forest landscapes is Pine Trees in the Sunshine. The forest edge, depicted by the artist, seems to be really filled with sunlight. Looking at this picture, the viewer seems to feel the dry resinous smell of pine needles, summer warmth and freshness of a young pine forest not yet scorched by the heat. The painting of the picture is rich in shades, soft tonal transitions.
Fyodor Alexandrovich Vasiliev left a bright trace in the history of the development of landscape painting. His friends-artists called him "Wonder Boy" for his exceptional artistic talent. Vasiliev lived a little, he died at the age of 23, but managed to leave a very extensive artistic legacy. Vasiliev's work marks a romantic perception of the life of nature.
A somewhat special place in the landscape of the second half of the 19th century is occupied by A.I. Kuindzhi (1842-1910). His first works were shown at traveling exhibitions. "Forgotten Village", "Chumatsky Tract"; show the abandoned corners of impoverished Russia. But then he breaks with the Wanderers and embarks on the path of a romantic landscape (late romantic landscape, as you can define his work). Kuindzhi showed pure and modern nature, as it happens without human intervention. How wonderful this endless summer day is! Non-interference in this world is the only gift a person can give to nature. In his works, the artist, first of all, sought to convey lighting, contrasts of light and shadow.
I.I. Levitan and his significance in Russian landscape painting.
The successor of the lyrical direction in Russian landscape painting late XIX century was a student of A.K. Savrasov Isaac Ilyich Levitan (1860-1900). He ends with his work searches for the Itinerant landscape painters. Already his first work "Autumn Day. Sokolniki" was bought by P.M. Tretyakov. In his early works, he acts as a master of the chamber lyrical landscape. But he is also a realist. At the turn of the 80-90s. Levitan's creativity reaches maturity. An impressionistic interpretation appears in his landscapes. In the early 90s, when Levitan was working on the painting "Vladimirka", the fate of freedom fighters imprisoned and exiled to hard labor became a hot topic for a number of leading writers and artists. Almost simultaneously with Levitan, genre painters worked on it: S.V. Ivanov, S.V. Malyutin and L.E. Arkhipov. Never before has the social orientation in Levitan's art been so clearly expressed. Never before has an artist risen in his works to such a broad ideological generalization of the landscape image he creates.
In the fall of 1898, Levitan was invited to lead a landscape class at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Despite his extremely poor health condition, he agreed. He considered teaching landscape painting at the school especially important. In St. Petersburg, at the Academy of Arts, among the professors, a doubt arose whether it was necessary to teach landscape. Levitan was against this opinion. "I went," he told his students, because I feel that it is possible and necessary to teach the landscape. " Inspirational and tireless work of all his creative life Levitan continued the work of great importance, begun by the glorious galaxy of Russian landscape painters, through whose efforts a national realistic landscape was created. Moreover, in the landscapes of Levitan, more subtly and deeply than in the work of his contemporaries, the emotional power of the lyrical landscape and the skill of his spiritualization were manifested. Levitan's landscapes awaken in the soul of the viewer that "boundless love for his native land", which the artist carried through his whole life.
Since time immemorial, people have always admired nature. They expressed their love by depicting it in all kinds of mosaics, bas-reliefs and paintings. Many great artists have dedicated their work to landscape painting. Pictures depicting forests, sea, mountains, rivers, fields are truly mesmerizing. And we need to respect the great masters who in such detail, colorfully and emotionally conveyed in their works all the beauty and power of the world around us. It is the landscape painters and their biographies that will be considered in this article. Today we will talk about the work of great painters from different times.
Famous landscape painters of the 17th century
In the 17th century, there were many talented people who preferred to portray the beauties of nature. Some of the most famous are Claude Lorrain and Jacob Isaac van Ruisdael. We will begin our story with them.
Claude Lorrain
The French artist is considered the founder of the landscape of the period of classicism. His canvases are characterized by incredible harmony and perfect composition. Distinctive feature K. Lorrain's technique was the ability to flawlessly transmit sunlight, its rays, reflection in water, etc.
Despite the fact that the maestro was born in France, he spent most of his life in Italy, where he left when he was only 13 years old. He returned to his homeland only once, and then for two years.
The most famous works K. Lorrain are paintings "View of the Roman Forum" and "View of the port with the Capitol". Nowadays they can be seen in the Louvre.
Jacob Isaac van Ruisdael
Jacob van Ruisdael - a representative of realism - was born in Holland. During his travels in the Netherlands and Germany, the artist painted many remarkable works, which are characterized by a sharp contrast in tones, dramatic colors and coldness. One of the brightest examples of such pictures can be considered the "European Cemetery".
However, the artist's work was not limited to gloomy canvases - he also depicted rural landscapes. The most famous works are considered to be "View of the village of Egmond" and "Landscape with a water mill".
XVIII century
The painting of the 18th century is characterized by many interesting features, during this period, the beginning of new directions in the mentioned art form was laid. Venetian landscape painters, for example, worked in such areas as the view landscape (another name is leading) and architectural (or urban). And the leading landscape, in turn, was subdivided into precise and fantastic. A prominent representative of the fantastic veda is Francesco Guardi. Even contemporary landscape painters can envy his fantasies and technique.
Francesco Guardi
Without exception, all of his works are distinguished by impeccably accurate perspective, wonderful reproduction of colors. Landscapes have a certain magical appeal, it is simply impossible to take your eyes off them.
His most delightful works include the Doge's Party Ship Bucintoro, Gondola in the Lagoon, Venetian Courtyard and Rio dei Mendicanti. All of his paintings depict views of Venice.
William Turner
This artist is a representative of romanticism.
A distinctive feature of his canvases is the use of many shades of yellow. It was the yellow palette that became the main one in his works. The master explained this by the fact that such shades were associated with the sun and the purity that he wanted to see in his paintings.
Turner's most beautiful and mesmerizing work is The Garden of Hesperides, a fantastic landscape.
Ivan Aivazovsky and Ivan Shishkin
These two people are truly the greatest and most famous landscape painters in Russia. The first - Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky - depicted the majestic sea in his paintings. The riot of the elements, billowing waves, spray of foam crashing against the side of a banked ship, or a quiet, serene expanse illuminated by the setting sun - seascapes delight and amaze with their naturalness and beauty. By the way, such landscape painters are called marine painters. The second - Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin - loved to portray the forest.
Both Shishkin and Aivazovsky are landscape painters of the 19th century. Let us dwell on the biography of these individuals in more detail.
In 1817, Ivan Aivazovsky, one of the most famous marine painters in the world, was born.
He was born into a wealthy family, his father was an Armenian businessman. There is nothing surprising in the fact that the future maestro had a weakness for the sea element. After all, Feodosia, the most beautiful port city, became the birthplace of this artist.
In 1839 Ivan graduated from where he studied for six years. The artist's style was greatly influenced by the work of the French marine painters C. Vernet and C. Lorrain, who painted their canvases according to the canons of Baroque-classicism. The most famous work of IK Aivazovsky is considered the painting "The Ninth Wave", made in 1850.
In addition to seascapes, great artist worked on the depiction of battle scenes (a vivid example is the painting "The Battle of Chesme", 1848), and also devoted many of his canvases to the themes of Armenian history ("Visit of J. G. Byron to the Mkhitarist monastery near Venice", 1880).
Aivazovsky was lucky to achieve incredible fame during his lifetime. Many landscape painters who became famous in the future admired his work and took an example from him. The great creator passed away in 1990.
Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich was born in January 1832 in the city of Elabug. The family in which Vanya was brought up was not very prosperous (his father was a poor merchant). In 1852, Shishkin began his studies at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, from which he would graduate four years later, in 1856. Even the earliest works of Ivan Ivanovich are distinguished by their extraordinary beauty and unsurpassed technique. Therefore, it is not surprising that in 1865 for the canvas "View in the vicinity of Dusseldorf" II Shishkin was given the title of academician. And after eight years he received the title of professor.
Like many others, he painted from nature, spending a long time in nature, in places where no one could disturb him.
The most famous canvases of the great painter are "Wilderness" and "Morning in pine forest", Painted in 1872, and the earlier painting" Noon. In the vicinity of Moscow "(1869)
The life of a talented person was interrupted in the spring of 1898.
Many Russian landscape painters, when writing their canvases, use a lot of details and vivid color rendition. The same can be said about these two representatives of Russian painting.
Alexey Savrasov
Alexey Kondratyevich Savrasov is a world-renowned landscape painter. It is he who is considered the founder of the Russian lyrical landscape.
This outstanding person was born in Moscow in 1830. In 1844, Alexei began his studies at the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture. Already from his youth, he was distinguished by a special talent and ability to depict landscapes. However, despite this, for family reasons, the young man was forced to interrupt his studies and resume it only four years later.
The most famous and beloved work of Savrasov is, of course, the painting The Rooks Have Arrived. It was presented at the Traveling Exhibition in 1971. No less interesting are the paintings by IK Savrasov "Rye", "Thaw", "Winter", "Countryside", "Rainbow", "Elk Island". However, according to critics, none of the artist's works has been compared with his masterpiece "The Rooks Have Arrived."
Despite the fact that Savrasov wrote many beautiful canvases and was already known as the author of wonderful paintings, soon they forget about him for a long time. And in 1897 he died in poverty, driven to despair by family troubles, the death of children and alcohol addiction.
But great landscape painters cannot be forgotten. They live in their paintings, the charm of which is breathtaking, and which we can admire to this day.
Second half of the 19th century
This period is characterized by the prevalence in Russian painting of such a trend as everyday landscape. Many Russian landscape painters worked in this vein, including Makovsky Vladimir Egorovich. No less famous masters those times are Arseny Meshchersky, as well as the previously described Aivazovsky and Shishkin, whose work fell on the middle and second half of the 19th century.
Arseny Meshchersky
This famous artist was born in 1834 in the Tver province. He received his education at the Imperial Academy of Arts, where he studied for three years. The main themes of the author's canvases were forest ones, and the artist was very fond of depicting magnificent views of the Crimea and the Caucasus with their majestic mountains in his paintings. In 1876 he was promoted to professor of landscape painting.
The most successful and well-known of his canvases can be considered the paintings "Winter. Icebreaker "," View of Geneva "," Storm in the Alps "," Near a Forest Lake "," Southern Landscape "," View in the Crimea ".
Besides Meshchersky also conveyed the beauty of Switzerland. In this country, he gained experience for some time with the master of landscape painting Kalam.
The master was also fond of sepia and engraving. In these techniques, he also created many wonderful works.
Many paintings by the artist in question were shown at exhibitions both in Russia and in other countries of the world. Therefore, many people managed to appreciate the talent and originality of this creative person. Arseny Meshchersky's paintings continue to delight many people who are fond of art to this day.
Makovsky Vladimir Egorovich
V.E. Makovsky was born in Moscow in 1846. His father was a famous artist. Vladimir decided to follow in his father's footsteps and received an art education at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, after which he left for St. Petersburg.
His most successful paintings were “Waiting. Near the prison ”,“ Bank collapse ”,“ Explanation ”,“ Bed house ”and“ Spring bacchanalia ”. The works mainly depict ordinary people and everyday scenes.
In addition to everyday landscapes, of which he was a master, Makovsky also painted portraits and various illustrations.
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There are places and sensations that words cannot describe. But these places can be drawn. With all the penetration, bright colors, the most ringing feelings. site picked up pictures for you about the forest. About the sun through the foliage, about the overgrown paths. Greatness and tenderness, beauty and peace. To your attention 10 artists - singers of magical nature, able to immerse the viewer in the thick aroma and good coolness of the forest. Enjoy!
© Bykov Victor
© Bykov Victor
Viktor Aleksandrovich Bykov is a famous Russian landscape painter who praises the beauty and lyricism of Russian nature. His paintings are realistic and at the same time fabulously airy. Pure colors, transparent air, lightness and freshness - paintings by Viktor Bykov are very popular with private collectors from Russia and far abroad.
© Malgorzata Szczecinska
© Malgorzata Szczecinska
© Peder Mork Monsted
© Peder Mork Monsted
Peter Mörk Mønsted is a Danish realist painter, a recognized master of landscape. Despite numerous trips around the world, P. Mønsted's canvases were mainly painted in Denmark and depict northern untouched landscapes. The artist's works adorn the collections of the museums of Aalborg, Bautzen, Randers and numerous private collections.
© Michael-OToole
© Michael-OToole
Michael O'Toole is from Vancouver, Canada's west coast. He grew up in an atmosphere of creativity, because his mother Nancy O'Toole was quite famous artist... Bright colors, contrast and clean tones in the landscapes of Michael O'Toole leave few people indifferent. Michael works mainly with acrylic, he uses color powerfully, confidently and richly, plays with contrasts.
© Palmaerts Roland
© Palmaerts Roland
Roland Palmeerts was born in Belgium, in Brussels. He worked as a designer and illustrator and at the same time participated in exhibitions. The exhibitions were so successful that Palmeerts devoted himself entirely to painting and teaching. He is the author of several painting tutorials. He is a member of the Canadian Society of Watercolor Painters, the European Watercolor Institute and has been President of the Figurative Art Institute for five years.
© Ilya Ibryaev
© Ilya Ibryaev
Ilya was born in Moscow. He is a member of the Union of Artists of Russia. Known as a ceramic artist, he is also excellent at watercolors. His airy creations, delicate, subtle. A warm fog soaked in a soft sun hangs in its forests. Many of his works are in Russian museums.
© Petras Lukosius
© Petras Lukosius
Petras Lukosius is a Lithuanian artist. His multi-layered painting is permeated with light, the streams of the sun are plentifully pouring on his mystical forests, the light gently envelops every twig. Petras' paintings can be found all over the world, including Germany, England, Spain and Sweden.
© Lin Ching-Che