K.G. Paustovsky about famous people
Literature lesson
in 8th grade
SUBJECT: "TO. G. Paustovsky “Telegram”.
Nastya's attitude towards her mother.
The meaning of the story's title."
(2nd lesson)
METHODOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES: conversation, vocabulary work, reading and analysis of what was read.
EQUIPMENT: portrait of Paustovsky, musical composition - recording
songs “Mama” performed by Lazareva (words - Martynenko T., music - Rozanov A.), cards with an individual task for checking homework.
TEACHER OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE -Evdokimova Irina
Nikolaevna
LESSON PLAN
- Organizing time
- Checking homework
- Work on drawing up a portrait of Nastya
- Discussion of the meaning of the story's title
- Final word(instruction) teachers
- Homework
DICTIONARY:
Kestrel - 1. A bird of prey from the falcon family.
2. Frivolous, empty person (colloquial)
LESSON EPIGRAPH:
Repay good with good, don’t be a kestrel.
K.G. Paustovsky
DURING THE CLASSES
- ORGANIZING TIME
Greetings
Landing
Checking readiness for the lesson
- CHECKING YOUR HOMEWORK
- Conversation on reading
What is your impression of the story “Telegram” by Paustovsky?
What is this story about?? (The main topic is the relationship between parents and children. Tikhon’s question about Nastya- plot. The story also talks about mercy, about a person’s responsibility for his actions.)
Determine how the story is structured, highlight 3 main parts and title each.
- part - Mother.
- part - Daughter.
- part - Telegram.
The last (4th part) in compositional terms plays the role of an epilogue. The main action has already been completed: the mother died and was buried by strangers, fellow villagers; The daughter did not have time not only to see her, but also to the funeral. But the author leaves hope that the coldness of her soul will be melted by tears of pain and repentance. For Nastya, this is the same “notch in the heart.”
perception of the work, creates the tone of the narrative.)
(The landscape sketch is permeated by the idea of withering, even death, of nature: October is “extraordinarily cold,” the willows are “flying around,” the grass is “dead.” Time itself seems to have slowed down (clouds “dragged,” “clung to ", "they even rained down annoyingly."), and this depressing autumn month will last forever)
- What feelings does Katerina Petrovna make you feel? Restore the heroine's past.(The past is in the memoirs of Katerina Petrovna: St. Petersburglife, “lived with my father in Paris and saw the funeral of Victor Hugo.” It was a happy and eventful life, reflected in the sketch for “The Unknown” by Kramskoy (a gift from the author himself to the heroine’s father). Katerina Petrovna lives with memories; they could brighten up her loneliness. But they too fade, just as the paintings on the walls “faded with time.” The author, with his subtext, emphasizes that it is “gloomy” not only in the empty rooms, but also in the heroine’s soul.)
-
Do you think Nastya had serious reasons not to
come to your mother? Why and how Katerina Petrovna is trying
justify your daughter? Find the lines in the text.
(“Katerina Petrovna knew that Nastya now had no time for her, the old woman. They, the young people, have their own affairs, their own incomprehensible interests, their own happiness. It’s better not to interfere.” Katerina Petrovna’s love for her daughter is selfless and devoid of selfishness. The woman is ready to forgive and even to justify both the absence of letters and the reluctance to come. It is impossible to read without pity and a feeling of guilt how Katerina Petrovna carefully sorts out the money brought by the postman, imagining that these pieces of paper retain the aroma of Nastya’s perfume, remember the warmth of her hands. We, the readers, We don’t yet know anything about the heroine’s daughter. But the author managed to evoke in us such strong compassion for Katerina Petrovna that hostility towards Nastya was born on its own.)
- Independent work using cards
Card No. 1
- What is the genre of this work?
- Why did Tikhon lie to Katerina Petrovna?
“Manyusha, sniffling, took this letter to the post office, spent a long time stuffing it into the mailbox and looked inside - what was there? But nothing was visible inside - just a tin void.”
Card No. 2
- What is the composition of the story “Telegram”?
- Why is Katerina Petrovna trying to justify her daughter?
- What multilingual meaning is contained in this expression?
“The kerosene nightlight shook on the table. He seemed to be the only living creature in abandoned house“Without this weak fire, Katerina Petrovna would not have known how to survive until the morning.”
Card No. 3
- What role do Manyushka, Tikhon, and the young teacher play in the story?
- What multilingual meaning is contained in this expression?
“She gasped, stopped at an old tree, took her hand to a cold, wet branch and recognized: it was a maple. She planted him a long time ago, when she was still a laughing girl, and now he stood flaccid, chilled, and had nowhere to escape from this homeless, windy night.”
Card No. 4
- Why does Katerina Petrovna keep “wrinkled gloves,
ostrich feathers, a black glass hat,” and then gives them to
Manyasha? - Why exactly “sunflower” and not “sunflower”, as they say in the village?
- WORK ON COMPLETING A PORTRAIT OF NASTYA
- Teacher's word
In Part II of the story, Paustovsky dramatically changes the scene of action: he takes the reader to another world - the world big city, where Katerina Petrovna’s daughter, Nastya, lives and works. The compositional transition is justified both externally (the letter was sent - it’s natural to talk about how the girl received it) and internal coherence of events: we have long wanted to find out what kind of heartless Nastya is.
Let's turn to the image of Nastya.
What does the author emphasize in her appearance?
(“The artists called her Solveig for her brown hair and big, cold eyes.” Solveig means “Sunny Path.” But the author’s definition of “cold” contrasts with this name. The sun cannot be cold. Eyes are the mirror of a person’s soul. Something This is what we expected.)
- Analysis of episodes depicting Nastya’s relationship with artists,
a) Nastya in Timofeev’s workshop.
Why did Nastya shudder when she saw the sculpture of Gogol?
(What happened is what happens when a person meets something beautiful. The heroine is shocked. “The sharp-nosed man looked at her mockingly, knowing her through and through. Nastya saw a thin sclerotic vein beating on his temple,” “And the letter to unopened,” Gogol’s drilling eyes seemed to say, “Oh, you magpie.” A sudden change in the psychological state occurs in the heroine’s soul. The vain, momentary has receded - the main thing remains: the mother and her loneliness.)
What internal connection is there between the episode in the workshop and the story of Katerina Petrovna’s life?
(And young talented artist, and the old woman are experiencing a spiritual drama, the cause of which is human indifference and misunderstanding.)
- Is the number 3 coincidental in the phrase put by the author into the mouth of Timo Feev: “You can’t sleep at night!.. You’ve been reading about Gogol for three years. Are you dreaming of pig snouts?”
(Katerina Petrovna suffers from loneliness for 3 years, Timofeev spends three years in creative torment and obscurity, and Nastya lives these same 3 years away from her mother, lives, in her words, in such a way that “there is no time, not only to come, but even write a real letter.")
Why do you think Nastya so selflessly (“we’ll fight”) helps Timofeev’s sculpture? In your opinion, is she selfless? And how does this combine with cold indifference?
to your mother?
b) Timofeev’s exhibition.
When organizing Timofeev’s exhibition, Nastya went to the chairman of the Union of Artists.
Do you think Nastya is soulless?
(Nastya is by no means soulless: she sympathizes with Timofeev and spends a lot of time organizing his exhibition.)
- Find verbs in the text that indicate Nastina’s themes
life.
(“She got excited, argued, fussed, quarreled and put up with the unstable sculptor, “fell into despair.” Could this really be Nastya, who could not write a single letter to her mother for three years? How much mental strength wasted.)
Did she remember Katerina Petrovna? Find in Nastya’s text the words and thoughts that the narrator cites, avoiding
any assessments.
(“Where should we go now! How can we get out of here!” “She thought about crowded trains, transferring to a narrow-gauge railway, a shaking cart, a withered garden, inevitable maternal tears, about the viscous, unadorned boredom of rural days.”)
Nastya didn’t forget anything. The very structure of the sentence conveys a reluctance to travel. Even the mention of mother’s tears - “inevitable” - betrays Nastya’s irritation. Paustovsky warns us against unconsciousness and dislike, us who forget about the main thing in the bustle of everyday life.
- Arrange the episodes telling about Timofeev's exhibition.
- Discussion of the exhibition, where Timofeev and Nastya are praised.
- Dasha's appearance with a telegram,
- Pershin's speech.
How does Nastya receive the telegram?
(Calmly. She didn’t even understand which Nastya we were talking about.)
- Why didn’t Nastya reveal the truth to the old artist?
(She was ashamed to admit that at this time, when she was enjoying praise, her mother was dying.)
- Why “Nastya crumpled up the telegram and frowned”?
(Unpleasant news, at the wrong time, it disrupted her plans.)
- Reading and analysis of the episode “Nastya under the “gloomy sky”.
This internal monologue of the heroine is the culmination of the central part of the story. The heroine is going through a mental crisis. Her bitter tears are tears of purification. But with the enlightenment of the soul came a firm understanding: “It’s too late! I won’t see my mother again.” For Nastya, both the letter from her mother and the touching address “not my dear!” were filled with new meaning. and the childishly sweet “mother”, uttered for the first time in recent years, we are ready to forgive everything to Nastya for her repentance.
Did Nastya have time to come to her living mother?
(The old woman did not wait for her daughter. But fellow villagers accompanied Katerina Petrovna on her last journey as a human being. Their kindness seemed to reconcile the natural world with the world of people: “The day turned white, and the sky was dry, bright, but gray, as if a washed line was stretched over her head, the frozen canvas. The distances beyond the river stood blue. From them there was a sharp and cheerful smell of snow. For the first time, not gloomy, but light, living touches appeared in the landscape.)
- Comparison of Nastya and the “young teacher”.
The teacher’s spiritual sensitivity contrasts with Nastya’s deafness,
Nastya’s “lack of feeling.”
- Working on an epigraph for the lesson.
As an epigraph we chose the words of Tikhon spoken by Ma-
Nyushka. Why were they said specifically to Manyushka?
(This is a parting word from an elderly man to a girl: she is also a daughter. But this is advice intended for Nastya too.)
What meaning does the author put into these words?
(“...don’t be a kestrel” means don’t be an empty person, learn to separate the main from the secondary. This is the author’s parting words to readers.)
What biblical commandment does Nastya violate?
(We open her note on the board: “Honor your father and your mother, that you may prosper and live long on earth” (the fifth commandment of God).)
The poet Valentin Berestov said this very simply:
Loved you for no special reason
Because you are a grandson,
Because you are a son,
Because baby
Because you are growing,
Because he looks like his dad and mom.
And this love until the end of your days
It will remain your secret support.
It was this support in life that Nastya lost. From careerism built
her soul gave.
What facts indicate that conscience and Nastya are still
woke up? (Having abandoned everything, she finally went to her mother: “she cried all night, until the cloudy and heavy dawn turned blue outside the windows (like in Nastya’s soul); she left “sneakily” (ashamed in front of people). And it’s not for nothing that she it seemed that no one except her mother “could relieve her of irreparable guilt, unbearable weight.”),
4. DISCUSSING THE MEANING OF THE TITLE OF THE STORY
Telegrams are sent in exceptional situations when a message must be transmitted immediately. The telegram is associated with a feeling of tripping up and anticipation of trouble. In the story, both telegrams were sent by Tikhon, who loves and pities Katerina Petrovna, trying to keep her alone in her old age. Both telegrams do not fully fulfill their purpose: Katerina Petrovna guesses who composed the telegram; Nastya does not have time to see her mother and ask her for forgiveness.
- TEACHER'S FINAL WORD - RESULT OF THE LESSON
- Listening to a musical composition
This song is about the dearest, closest, dearest and most necessary person for each of us - about mommy.Don’t forget about your closest, dearest ones who need you so much, otherwise it may be too late. “Be a man,” says Paustovsky. “Repay good for good!”
- HOMEWORK
(optional)
Level 1 - Prepare a project “Theme of the Prodigal Son” in the story by A.S. Pushkin " Stationmaster"and the story of K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram".
Level 2 - Write a mini-essay “An act for which I condemn myself.”
Municipal treasury
educational institution
"Education Center"
Izobilnensky
Stavropol Territory
teacher of Russian language and literature
Nikityuk Marina Ivanovna
Lesson topic: “Don’t forget about your mother...”
(based on Paustovsky’s story “Telegram”)
Form: model lesson - reflection.
Method: problematic with the use of ICT and the use of technology for the development of critical thinking.
Target: analyze the content of the story by K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram" .
Tasks:
educational: contribute to the formation of the ability to analyze the content of the text, characterize the characters, determine the theme and idea of the story, express your opinion and judgment
developing: development of speech, thinking, creative abilities of students.
educational: education of moral qualities (sensitivity, compassion, mercy).
Expected results.
personal: development of moral consciousness and competence in solving moral problems based on personal choice, the formation of moral feelings and moral behavior, a conscious and responsible attitude towards one’s own actions; awareness of the importance of parents in a person’s life, acceptance of the value family life, respectful and caring attitude towards your family members.
meta-subject: semantic reading; the ability to use verbal means to express one’s feelings, thoughts and needs; mastery of oral speech and monologue contextual speech; the ability to build logical reasoning, inference and the ability to draw conclusions;
subject: formulating one’s own attitude to the story “Telegram” by Konstantin Paustovsky; the ability to retell a work or a fragment of it using figurative means of the Russian language and quotes from the text, answer questions about the story “Telegram”, create oral monologues, conduct a dialogue; writing essays on moral topics.
Equipment:
1. Exhibition of Paustovsky’s books (selection from the school library):
a) K. Paustovsky “Tales”, Moscow, “Children’s Literature” 1989
b) “Russian Soviet prose”, Moscow, “Russian language” 1977
c) K. Paustovsky “Poetic Radiation”, Moscow, “Young Guard”, 1976
d) K. Paustovsky “Tales and Stories”, Lenizdat, 1979.
e) K. Paustovsky “The Thief Cat”, “Children’s Literature”, 1985
f) K. Paustovsky “Steel Ring”, Moscow, “Children's Literature”, 1984.
g) K. Paustovsky “Golden Rose”, Stavropol book publishing house, 1987.
2. Textbook for 8th grade comp. G. I. Belenky
3. Shishkin’s painting “Swamp. Cranes".
4. Clip of Svetlana Lazareva’s song “Mama”.
5. Presentation for the lesson.
Epigraph to the lesson: “A mother’s heart is an abyss, in the depths of which forgiveness will always be found.”
Honore de Balzac
Lesson plan:
1. introduction teachers.
1. The main stages of Paustovsky’s life and work.
2. Analysis of the text with elements of a selective commented reading of Paustovsky’s story “Telegram”.
3. Final words from the teacher.
4.Homework.
5. Commenting on student grades.
During the classes:
Teacher. Guys, what did you study in the last lesson?
Student answer: Alexander Green's story “The Green Lamp.” The main idea of the story is that human life not a toy and playing with it is cruel and immoral.
Teacher. What was the homework assignment?
Student answer: The homework assignment was to read K. G. Paustovsky’s story “Telegram”.
Teacher. If you carefully read the stories of these two writers, Green and Paustovsky, you probably noticed that they are united by a common theme - the theme of morality. Please open your notebooks, write down the date, the topic of the lesson: “Don’t forget about your mother...” (based on Paustovsky’s story “Telegram”) Slide number 1.
Teacher. Tell me, what is morality?
Student answer. Slide number 2.
Teacher. Let's remember what works of Paustovsky you read?
Students: 1) “Squeaky Polovtsy”
2) “Basket with fir cones”
3) "Hare's feet"
4) “Cat Thief”
5) “Mikhailovsky Groves”.
Teacher. To which poet did Paustovsky devote the story “Mikhailovsky Groves”? Slide number 3.
Student. Paustovsky dedicated this work to A.S. Pushkin. In this story, the writer shares his impressions of meeting the granddaughter of Anna Petrovna Kern. Pushkin dedicated the following lines to this woman: “I remember a wonderful moment, you appeared before me like a fleeting phenomenon, like a genius.” pure beauty" Paustovsky describes Trigorsky, Mikhailovsky, Petrovsky parks.
Teacher. What unites all these works of Paustovsky?
Student. In all his works, the writer devotes a large place to the description of nature. Slide number 4.
Teacher. Slide number 5. Look at Shishkin’s painting “Swamp. Cranes." Shishkin, a master of the brush, reflected on his canvas what Paustovsky, a master of artistic expression, described in his works. To understand the depth and beauty of the writer’s works, we will get acquainted with his biography.
The student prepared a message about Konstantin Paustovsky.
Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky was born in Moscow in 1892, into the family of a railway employee. From early childhood, Paustovsky’s favorite science was geography; he was always attracted by travel, distant countries and continents. He traveled throughout the European part of Russia, was in Central Asia, in Siberia. In his youth, he changed many professions: he was a tram driver, an orderly, a teacher, a journalist, but he always knew that he would devote his life to literature.
Recognition came in the early 30s, with the appearance of his stories “Kara-Bugaz” (1932), “Colchis” (1934), the novel “Romantics” (1935), in which the writer showed the enthusiasm and romance of everyday work, daring plans, directed to the future, limitless possibilities of creative human activity.
Paustovsky writes about creativity, about the work of a man of art: about the artist Levitan, gets acquainted with figures of European culture - Mozart, Edgard Poe and Maupassant, Dickens and Victor Hugo. The writer’s work is distinguished by its genre diversity: novellas and short stories, essays and articles, fairy tales and plays. The writer's favorite genre is a short story.
Paustovsky was a writer immensely in love with the open spaces native land, its people, modest, inconspicuous, open to everything beautiful, he gave his whole heart to these heroes. Konstantin Paustovsky is a brilliant expert on the Russian language, an excellent stylist.
In the post-war years, Paustovsky worked on the large autobiographical epic “The Tale of Life” (1945-1963), consisting of six parts. This is an exciting story about the life and fate of a man who dreams of becoming a writer, this is a literary document of the time, which reflects the life of Russia in the first decades of the twentieth century, its historical events - October revolution and civil war.
Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky died in Moscow in 1968.
Copy from slide number 6 into your notebook:
Key milestones in the biography of Konstantin Paustovsky:
1) Paustovsky was born in 1982 in Moscow.
2) My favorite science since childhood was geography.
3) He changed many professions, but always knew that he would devote his life to literature.
4) Recognition came in the early 30s:
the stories “Kara-Bugaz” (1932), “Colchis” (1934), the novel “Romantics” (1935)
5) The writer’s favorite genre is a short story.
6) Konstantin Paustovsky is a brilliant connoisseur of the Russian language, an excellent stylist.
5) Died in 1968.
Teacher. In his work, Paustovsky strived for beauty not only in descriptions of nature, abstract images, he found people with high moral values. Everyone in life has a dearest person to whom we owe our birth into this world and their care for us. This person, dear and close, worries, worries about us, and rejoices at our successes. This is mom. Do we always treat it with understanding? The story by Konstantin Paustovsky, which you read at home, is called “Telegram”. This is a work about maternal love and ingratitude, the callousness of the soul of the most precious being for the mother of her daughter.
Work with text.
Teacher. Please read the beginning of the story. What time of year is the author describing? Slide number 7.
- The author describes September. It's autumn.
Teacher. Which heroine does this description of nature apply to? Why?
- Katerina Petrovna. Everything dies in the fall. Everything was blooming and only a small sunflower could not bloom and fall off. Katerina Petrovna was living out her life. Please note that she did not live, but lived out.
Teacher. Where does the action take place? Slide number 8.
- In a village called Zaborye.
Teacher. Who does Katerina Petrovna live with? Slide number 9.
- She lives alone.
Teacher. Who does Katerina Petrovna communicate with?
- Manyushka, the neighbor’s daughter, a girl who came running every day to fetch water from the well, sweep the floors, and put on the samovar.
The watchman at the fire shed Tikhon. He helps Katerina Petrovna with the housework: he cuts down dried trees in the garden, saws them, splits firewood.
Teacher. The author describes ordinary Russian people whose names are known only by their close circle. This is not Tchaikovsky, not Grieg, not Pushkin. But these people are so kind and spiritually beautiful that it’s impossible not to say something about them.
Teacher. Find words in the text that confirm Katerina Petrovna’s loneliness?
- 1. There was no one with whom you could talk about the paintings, about St. Petersburg life.
2. The kerosene night light shook on the table. He seemed to be the only living creature in the abandoned house - without this weak fire, Katerina Petrovna would not have known how to survive until the morning.
3. The nights were already long, difficult, like insomnia. Dawn slowed down more and more.
Teacher. Does Katerina Petrovna have someone close to her by blood?
- Daughter Nastya, who lived in Leningrad.
Teacher. Find in the text and read what makes Katerina Petrovna happy in life?
- Katerina Petrovna is not pleased with the money she received from her daughter. She liked to touch them with her hands; she apparently thought that her daughter was touching them. This is a thread connecting with my daughter.
Teacher. Why does Katerina Petrovna go to the boarded up gate at night?
- The gate had been boarded up for several years, and the old woman thought that her daughter might not have known about it and knocked.
Teacher. Why does the author use the expression “forgotten stars”?
- The author used the word “forgotten” to emphasize the loneliness of Katerina Petrovna, because she, too, seemed to be “forgotten.”
Teacher. What does the author compare Katerina Petrovna’s life with? Slide number 10.
- The author compares the life of Katerina Petrovna with the life of a maple tree. In the fate of the maple tree, as it is described in the story, one can also see disorder and loneliness:
“He had nowhere to escape from this homeless, windy night.” The heroine also has nowhere to go, because no one is waiting for her either, she is simply surviving.
Teacher. It was after this “meeting” with the maple tree that she decided to write a letter to her daughter.
Slide number 11. We read the letter.“My beloved,” wrote Katerina Petrovna, “I will not survive this winter. Come at least for a day. Let me look at you, hold your hands. I have become old and weak to the point that it is difficult for me not only to walk, but even to sit and lie down - death has forgotten the way to me. The garden is drying up - it’s not the same at all - but I don’t even see it. It's a bad autumn. It’s so hard, our whole life, it seems, has never been as long as this one autumn.” Teacher. Did anything in the letter surprise you?
“I was surprised that she somehow simply writes about the approach of death, “I won’t survive this winter,” “death has forgotten the way to me.” What was also surprising was that in such a short letter she writes about the surrounding nature: usually in letters they talk about acquaintances or relatives, but Katerina Petrovna mentions the garden, about autumn.
Teacher. Which hero and in what way is Katerina Petrovna trying to brighten up the last minutes?
- The watchman Tikhon, taking pity on Katerina Petrovna, gives a telegram to Nastya, writing the most important thing: “Katya is dying,” and then, without waiting for an answer, he commits, probably the only time in his life, a forgery: he brings a telegram from his daughter to the dying woman.
Teacher. Why did Katerina Petrovna guess about the deception?
- Her educated, well-read daughter could not write like that: wait,
this is what old people usually write: I always remain loving...
Teacher. Did Katerina Petrovna wait for her daughter?
Daughter Nastya Katerina Petrovna never arrived.
Teacher. Where did Nastya live and work?
Nastya lived in Leningrad, worked as a secretary in the Union of Artists.
Teacher. What did Nastya do with the letter?
Nastya received a letter from Katerina Petrovna at the service. She hid it in her purse without reading it - she decided to read it after work. Katerina Petrovna’s letters brought a sigh of relief from Nastya: since her mother writes, it means she’s alive.
The artists called her Solveig for her brown hair and large, cold eyes. Eyes are a mirror human soul. It's scary when you meet a person with cold eyes. Obviously, a person has the same cold, cruel heart. Write down the meaning of the name in your notebook. Dictionary: the meaning of the name Solveig (Old Scandinavian) can be interpreted in two ways: “strong house” (in a figurative sense - “good housewife”) or “very sunny”, “with hair of a bright golden, sunny color.”
Teacher. Who was Nastya trying to help?
Nastya helped Timofeev sculpture organize an exhibition. But not the least role here was played by the fact that Timofeev was very talented. Nastya understood this. He himself would have made it in time.
Teacher. How did the gray-haired artist evaluate Nastya’s work?
He thanked her for bringing Timofeev into the light of day.
Teacher. At this time, Nastya received a telegram: “Katya is dying. Tikhon." What is Nastya’s reaction to this telegram?
It seemed necessary to scream, cry, run, do something. Nastya crumpled the telegram and frowned.
Teacher. What were they talking about from the pulpit at that time?
- “Caring for a person has become that wonderful reality that helps us grow and work... We owe this exhibition to our dear Anastasia Semyonovna.”
Teacher. You can be a good specialist, but becoming a kind, sympathetic person is much more difficult. In our school, under the guidance of excellent masters, you can grow into excellent specialists, but no one will help you grow into a kind, honest person. You must work on your personal qualities yourself.
Question. Who acts as a judge?
Nastya committed betrayal. Gogol gives an assessment of her actions; he acts as a judge.
“Gogol looked at her, grinning. It seemed to Nastya that Gogol said quietly through clenched teeth: “Oh, you!” Slide number 13.
Teacher. What changes occur in the heroine’s behavior when she realizes that her mother is dying?
It’s as if she reads her mother’s words in a new way. my darling and suddenly understands clearly: “Mom! How could this happen? After all, I don’t have anyone in my life. They are not and never will be closer!” She cried in her mother’s room all night, feeling that “no one except Katerina Petrovna could relieve her of irreparable guilt, unbearable heaviness.” Indeed, her mother could calm Nastya down and forgive her, but her mother is no longer there, and now she will have to experience this feeling of guilt for the rest of her life. By the way, people have always noted the special love of mothers for children, in contrast to the ingratitude of the latter.
Teacher. What biblical commandment did Nastya break?
Honor your father and your mother, may it be good for you, and may you live long on earth.
Teacher. K. Paustovsky, while condemning Nastya, still believes in her sincere repentance and correction. It is no coincidence that the meaning of the name “Nastya” is resurrection. “Resurrect” - restore, revive the lost, forgotten. It’s probably not for nothing that the writer gave this name to his heroine. Only her mother could ease her suffering. Slide number 14. Pay attention to the epigraph to our lesson: “A mother’s heart is an abyss, in the depths of which forgiveness will always be found.” Honore de Balzac. The words of the great writer once again confirm the idea that we came to during our conversation.
Teacher. Why do you think the author showed a young teacher at the end of the story?
This image is contrasted with the image of Nastya. After all, the teacher immediately remembered her mother, who remained in the city.
Teacher. Why did the teacher go behind the coffin and kiss the “withered yellow hand” of the deceased?
She realized that all young people, living their interesting life, are guilty before their mothers, paying little attention to them. A young teacher understands that a mother is the most important thing in a person’s life. Maybe this will help her raise her students to be kind, sympathetic people.
Teacher. The story is called "Telegram". There are two of them. What telegram did the author K. Paustovsky have in mind and why?
The second, because Tikhon, unlike Nastya, showed real sensitivity, care, mercy and taught a moral lesson to the girl: “Oh grief, her bitter, unwritten suffering. “And look, you fool,” he said angrily to Manyushka, “repay good with good, don’t be kestrel». Slide 15. Such "kestrel" turned out to be Nastya. Write down the meaning of the word kestrel in your notebook (vocabulary work).
Teacher. How do you assess Nastya's behavior?
Teacher. It is a pity that in the hustle and bustle of life and haste, we often forget about the people closest to us. I would like you to look closely at your parents on a quiet evening, try to understand them, tell them in time kind word. On good people that's all and hold on. Let's listen to the song “Mama” performed by Svetlana Lazareva and each of us think about our own, our innermost thoughts.
Watch the clip (Svetlana Lazareva “Mom”).
Working with a book exhibition.
Teacher. Please look at the books of Konstantin Paustovsky. This is only a small part of all publications by this writer. In the book “Golden Rose” there is a story called “A Notch in the Heart.” In this story, K. Paustovsky describes the events that took place in his life. The writer once lived in a village with a lonely woman, Katerina Ivanovna. The owner had a daughter, Nastya, but she did not visit her mother. So the old woman died without seeing her daughter.
The student recites by heart Irina Samarina’s poem “Don’t forget about your mother.” Slide 16.
Don't forget about your mother...
There is nothing more important than her health...
And give me priceless love,
After all, there is no us without our mothers.
No need to talk about work and business
Hastily tell her on the phone...
She is one of hundreds of millions
He will notice the shadow of sadness in your eyes...
She looks out the window every day, Slide number 17.
With a sad smile he remembers again,
How he hums a song quietly at night,
Rocking the cradle carefully...
She prayed to God for you
I carried it under my heart for nine months.
She never blamed you
That she doesn’t have a moment in your destiny...
Stop, think, understand,
That mother will, alas, not live forever...
And not to call, not to go - it’s heartless...
After all, our mothers taught us to be human...
And then over the stone slab Slide number 18.
Sobbing, do not beg for forgiveness,
You will meet your mother this Sunday,
I don’t feel sorry for him for my dear mother...
The wrinkles in her eyes are becoming more visible,
But a smile makes the heart feel so sweet...
She would like to know that you are okay...
Don't forget about your mother...
Final words from the teacher. Let's start appreciating our parents in time. “An ungrateful son is worse than a stranger: he is a criminal, since a son has no right to be indifferent to his mother” (Guy de Maupassant). When you become a mother or father yourself, your eyes will be opened. You will understand what your parents did for you, but it will be too late. You will begin to wonder how you could cope with all this, but you will no longer have anyone to turn to. When you earn enough, you will be ready to give your parents all the benefits, buy an apartment, a car, everything you need - but there will be no one to thank. Have time to say thank you to your parents with your deeds and care! Now. While you have a chance, an opportunity to thank your mother or father. As V. G. Belinsky said, “Love and respect for parents, without any doubt, is a sacred feeling.”
Slide number 19.
Homework. Essay “My closest people”
Before you start this work, think about who your closest people are.
A lesson on the topic: “K. G. Paustovsky “Telegram” is recommended for students in grades 7-8, dedicated to the holiday - Mother's Day. Artistic text The work contains enormous moral (educational) potential, which is especially important in our life in modern society.
Preparation for the lesson: students read K. Paustovsky’s story in advance.
Based on the analysis of episodes and drawing up a diagram, students independently approach the understanding of the main idea of the story, identify the problems and relevance of the entire work as a whole.
This lesson can be taught as an extracurricular reading lesson.
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Preview:
Literature lesson.
(Extracurricular reading)
Grade: 7-8
Subject: K. G. Paustovsky “Telegram”.
Tasks:
- Acquaintance with the work of K. G. Paustovsky.
- Developing the ability to analyze episodes, formulate the main idea of the episode and the entire story.
- Development oral speech, memory, attention, imagination.
- Fostering a sense of responsibility, love, respect, compassion; feelings of filial duty.
Equipment: notes on the board, text of a work of art.
During the classes.
1.Message of the topic of the lesson. Working with an epigraph.
On November 30, 1998, the first President of Russia signed a Decree on the establishment International holiday Mothers Day.
Mother! How wonderful this word is! This is our closest, most beloved person. This is our adviser, friend, assistant.
The epigraph of our lesson is written on the board; read the words of O. Balzac.
A mother's heart is an abyss,
in the depths of which there is always
there will be forgiveness.
O. Balzac.
How do you understand this statement? Do you agree with the writer's opinion?
Today in class we will analyze the story “Telegram” by K. G. Paustovsky. And let's return to the epigraph at the end of the lesson.
2. Conversation on primary perception.
What feelings did K. G. Paustovsky convey?
Which characters do you remember? Why?
3. Analysis of story episodes.
For detailed analysis Let's look at the following episodes:
- Waiting for my daughter.
- Letter from Katerina Petrovna.
- Telegram from “Nastya”.
- The ending of the story.
Reading and discussion of episodes.
1 episode.
- What feelings remain after reading the story?
How does a description of nature help to understand the state and mood of Katerina Petrovna?
What was the only living creature in the house?
How does the mother feel about Nastya? Why does it justify keeping my daughter busy?
Episode 2.
- What lines in Katerina Petrovna’s letter touch the soul?
How do the image of the sculptor Timofeev and his sculpture of Gogol reveal the image of Nastya?(Nastya is concerned about the opening of an exhibition of a stranger to her, forgetting about the most precious thing - her mother.)
When did Nastya read the letter?
Why does the girl feel silent reproach? What does this mean?
Why did Nastya rush to Zaborye to see her mother? Which lines show her repentance? (“Mom! After all, I don’t have anyone in my life. I don’t have and never will be dearer. If only I have time, if only I can forgive...”)
Episode 3
Why is the title of this episode written in quotes? (The telegram was written by the watchman Tikhon.)
How did Katerina Petrovna guess about this?
Strangers - Tikhon, the neighbor's girl Manyushka - turned out to be more dear, they took care of her, felt sorry for the dying woman.
Episode 4
Why do you need the image of a young teacher?
How did the villagers say goodbye to Katerina Petrovna?
Read the final lines of the story.
What lesson did Nastya learn?
4. Working with the “Main Characters of the Story” diagram
On the board there is a diagram for the story “Telegram”, look at it.
Why are the characters positioned this way?
Why is the symbol of Katerina Petrovna - Sun ?
How do her rays touch other heroes?
Even one ray of her love broke through the wall of busyness and indifference of Leningrad. After all, Nastya repented, but it was too late.
Do you think Katerina Petrovna has forgiven her daughter?
5. Lesson summary.
Let's compare the conclusion with the epigraph. How does it relate to the main idea of the story?
Try not to upset your mother in your life, do not forget about her, so that later you do not feel heavy guilt, like Nastya. Start with something simple: help mom with household chores, please her with a good grade and don’t forget to congratulate her on the holiday!
6. Homework.
Select one of the tasks:
1) select poems by our Transbaikal poets about mother for the next lesson, learn one of them by heart.
2) write a miniature essay on the topic “My dearest person”
Application
Scheme “The main characters of the story”
Zaborie Leningrad
Village residents
Watchman Nastya TikhonManyushka Young teacher
Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Average comprehensive school No. 2" Sosnogorsk
ISAEVA ANZHELIKA VLADIMIROVNA
Summary of a literature lesson on the topic
“K.G. Paustovsky"
Didactic goal: create conditions for updating knowledge, skills and abilities.
Tasks:
Learn to analyze piece of art, pay close attention to the artistic word; determine the main idea, characterize the actions and actions of the characters.
Develop listening skills, analyzing text on issues, group work skills, children's creative abilities, the ability to argue their point of view, and expand their vocabulary.
Nurture love and careful attitude to nature, kindness, instill an interest in literature.
Teaching methods: reproductive, partially search, research.
Forms of organizing educational activities: individual, group, frontal.
Expected results:
Consciously perceive the content of the work when reading, realize the essence of the characters’ behavior, and draw conclusions.
Form your thought into a speech statement.
Collectively discuss what you read, prove your own opinion based on the text.
Equipment: multimedia projector, computer, screen, portrait of K.G. Paustovsky, photo exhibition “My Friend”.
During the classes
1. Organizational moment.
( greetings; concentration of attention; mood to work.)
In reading lessons, we learn to read correctly, consciously, fluently and expressively. And also to speak beautifully, but we will not be able to do this if our speech apparatus is not ready for work. And this will help us speech warm-up: (SLIDE)
Black cat on a black night
Jumped into a black chimney.
There is blackness in the chimney.
Find the cat there.
2. Updating knowledge, motivation, goal setting.
Today in class we will get acquainted with another work by K.G. Paustovsky. I won’t tell you the title of the work, you try to guess it yourself. It consists of two words (there are two closed words on the board). You will learn the first word by solving the riddle: (SLIDE)
Pointy ears, pillows on paws,
Mustache, like bristles, arched back,
During the day he sleeps and lies in the sun.
At night he wanders and goes hunting.
(cat)
How did you guess that it was a cat?
The first word in the title is cat.
You will recognize the second word if you listen carefully to the beginning of the work and name the cat's name (reading of the first and second paragraphs by the teacher).
Name the cat (thief).
Today in class we will continue our acquaintance with the works of K.G. Paustovsky and read the work "The Cat is a Thief." (SLIDE)
What do you think this work is about?
Can a cat be a thief? Why?
Do you want to know which cat is about? we're talking about in the story?
Set a lesson goal. Complete the sentences:
To know… .
Study….
Define….
Develop….
Read the epigraph. (Epigraph:Good always comes back good)
How do you understand these words? By the end of the lesson, we will have to figure out what the connection is between the work and the epigraph.
3. Information about the writer.
Remember what works K.G. wrote? Paustovsky?
What do you know about this writer?
How does he appear through his portrait?
Let's listen small message about Paustovsky.
Konstantin Paustovsky was born in Moscow into the family of a railway employee. The family was large and diverse, inclined, as Paustovsky himself said, to engage in art. The family sang a lot, played the piano, and loved the theater. The future writer spent his childhood in Ukraine - first in the village, then in Kyiv, where he studied at the gymnasium. Since the 6th grade of the gymnasium, he has already been tutoring. After graduating from high school, he studied at university, first in Kiev, then in Moscow. Without finishing his studies, he went to work. Changed many professions: from tram driver and orderly to teacher and journalist. The desire to know everything, to see, to travel, to be a participant in various activities resulted in Paustovsky’s dream of a profession that was associated with a busy life. The dream was realized in writing. Another trait that led Paustovsky to writing was his love of reading. How children's writer Paustovsky began performing in 1930. Published in many periodicals for children. Although he did not consider creativity for children his calling, he wrote many stories and fairy tales for them.
Paustovsky traveled a lot, visited different countries. In the pre-war years, he discovered the Meshchera places and the town of Tarusa, where he spent many years, creating his most famous works there.
4. Discovery of new knowledge.
1) working with text before reading
How do people feel about cats? After all, a cat first evaluates a person, and only if the owner likes it, does it settle in his house. Looking at the photo exhibition, I am sure that cats live in your house and love you.
Can you tell from the title who the hero of the story is?
What does this word mean? Compare the words: thief, thief (diminutive), thief (same as thief), cunning (very cunning). Who are they talking about?
What connotation does this word have? (rude, the author’s negative attitude is felt in the word)
2) primary reading, vocabulary work
Before we read the work, we will do vocabulary work (the work can be organized according to the textbook, or visually on the board - the teacher opens the word, and the children read it correctly and find the meaning in the textbook)
Kukan - a rope on which caught fish is strung.
Plotitsa - a small roach fish.
Thickets - a common shrub that has overgrown some place.
Laz - a narrow hole through which you can crawl.
Topsy-Turvy - by the collar, by the collar.
Scorches - a reddish or whitish spot on an animal’s fur.
Booze – produce a strong and dull sound.
Seizure – a sudden and usually recurring acute manifestation of some illness (Loss of consciousness, convulsions).
Did you like the work?
How? What mood does it evoke?
Why can this work be called a story? (A story is one episode, one event from the life of the characters. There are one or more characters in a story.)
To determine main idea must be read thoughtfully and carefully.
Read the first sentence. (We're desperate)
How do you understand the word “despair”?
Is there anything to despair about?
Read what pranks the cat did?
To find out why the cat had such habits, let's draw up a portrait of the main character.
What does the concept of “portrait” include? (depiction of the hero’s appearance, character and author’s assessment)
3) research in groups
The task is given to 3 groups. Groups work independently, then the work is checked.
1st group:
1) Find a description in the text appearance thief cat. Why does he look like this? How does this animal make you feel?
2) Which picture, in your opinion, most accurately depicts the thief cat? Explain your answer.
Dynamic pause.
If you agree with the statement, stand up and raise your hands in the air. If you do not agree with the statement, then sit down at your desk.
He has a silent gait.
Excellent scent.
Washing himself with his own paw.
Sees well in the dark.
Call a person's friend.
Likes to walk by himself.
Friendly with dogs.
Exercise for the eyes
Oh, how long have we been reading?
The guys' eyes are tired.
4) work on content
Why did the cat have such habits?
How did he get caught? Read it.
Why was Lenka able to lure the cat out?
What did you want to do with the cat after he was caught?
Which decision turned out to be correct?
Fed
Changed
Good conquers evil - the main idea of the story.
Kindness and mercy are great things. For the first time in his life, feeling kindness, attention and care towards himself, the cat’s heart responded. There was a miraculous transformation into a devoted, noble cat.
6. Creative work.
Have you come across similar stories in your life?
How did you deal with such cases?
Write a syncwine.
Sample answer:
1) thief cat
2) dirty, nimble,
3) runs, steals, scratches
4) He is lonely and needs care.
5) good friend
7. Homework.
Illustrate your favorite episode of the story and prepare a retelling of it.
Additionally - research activities: learn about keeping cats, understand the reasons for their actions.
8. Reflection.
Continue the sentence: Today in class...
It was interesting…
I realized that...
I wanted …
Gave me a lesson for life...
It was difficult...
I felt …
I learned …
I was able...
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