Why the chapter fatalist ends the novel. Why does the chapter "The Fatalist" complete the story of the human soul? (based on the novel by Yu
The main problem of Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time" is clearly defined by the author in the preface: he draws " modern man how he understands it. " His hero is "a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation."
The inner world of the character is revealed in his direct development, in the entire sequence of events taking place in the hero's life. "The history of the human soul ..." - a way to reveal the inner world of the hero.
The work is interesting compositionally. The structure of the "Hero of Our Time" is a subtle artistic device, which, along with the system of images of heroes, the peculiarities of the language, is subordinated to the disclosure of the image of Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin - the hero of his time .. The novel consists of five independent chapters, united by the figure of Pechorin, the author's idea. It is not by chance that Lermontov violates the chronological sequence of the narrative. The underlined "discontinuity" of the narrative and the change of the narrator (author - Maxim Maksimych - Pechorin) gradually open the hero to the reader, gradually moving from the external to the internal.
For what reason does the author end the work with the novel "The Fatalist"?
The name defines main idea the final part: it will be about faith in destiny. Fatalism (in Dahl's vocabulary) is fate, fate in the sense of predestination, inevitable, foreordained future. Fatals deny the free will of man and his responsibility for deeds.
The story in this chapter is conducted from the perspective of the protagonist. Pechorin, reflecting on predestination, recalling youthful dreams or making a decision in a moment of danger, exposes his soul to the reader, reveals his complex and contradictory inner world. Who can more accurately describe the innermost thoughts of a person, except for himself? Being alone with yourself, there is no need to lie, mask feelings, play a role.
The novella can be conditionally divided into two main parts. The first is dedicated to the game of Russian roulette. "Can a person arbitrarily dispose of his life, or is each of us assigned a fateful moment in advance?" main question spore. The main focus here is on Lieutenant Vulich.
In the actions and statements of Pechorin, as in the previous chapters, there is something that seems cruel and selfish. So, he offers a bet, the stake of which is the life of Lieutenant Vulich. Feeling the stamp of death on Vulich's face, Pechorin with cold-blooded confidence shares his thought: "You won't die at all!"
In the second part, the main character is Pechorin. He, with the same composure and courage inherent in his character, decides to challenge fate himself and, risking his life, neutralizes the enraged Cossack. Vulich's death is destined. That is, rock cannot be denied.But no matter how strong the belief in fate is, you must always try to act. A person is able to intervene in the course of what is planned from above. Otherwise, there will be no development. The same applies to the entire society.
It is in this chapter that we clearly hear the author's voice reflected in the thoughts of the hero. Pechorin, reflecting on his life, finds in it much in common with the fate of a whole generation: "We are no longer capable of great sacrifices, either for the good of mankind, or even for our own happiness, because we know its impossibility and pass indifferently from doubt to doubt" ... Pechorin, like nowhere else, appears here as a deeply thinking person, looking in his soul for answers to questions.
It is no coincidence that the novel "Fatalist" ends the novel. It is more filled with the deepest philosophical meaning.
"A Hero of Our Time" by M. Yu. Lermontov is the first Russian realistic psychological romance in prose. It consists of five parts, which represent a complete story and are arranged not in chronological order, but in accordance with the author's intention. The novel is conceived as a psychological study of a certain type of human character, therefore, each part of it helps in its own way to reveal the inner world of the protagonist - Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin.
The last three chapters of the work, "Taman", "Princess Mary" and "Fatalist", represent Pechorin's diary. Here the hero, unlike the rest of the novel, is a narrator, he talks about himself, revealing the reasons for his bad deeds. Having learned the character of Pechorin in the previous parts, we get acquainted with his worldview in the latter, which helps to fully form the psychological portrait of the character.
The last in the novel is the story "The Fatalist".
She is the most philosophical chapter of the entire work. The action takes place in the Cossack village. The heroes argue with interest on the topic of fate and predestination. One of the officers, Lieutenant Vulich, decided to try his luck on himself and find out whether a person can manage his own life. He tries to shoot himself in the temple, but the pistol misfires. After that, Vulich shoots at the cap hanging over the window, and the shot succeeds. Pechorin is confused, because he does not believe in predestination, but notices on Vulich's face "a strange imprint of an inevitable fate." As a result, the lieutenant on the same day is killed by a drunken Cossack.
In the chapter "The Fatalist" the author discusses the existence of predestination. He leaves the question of the existence of fate open, does not give an exact answer to it. In this story, Pechorin comes to the conclusion that, perhaps, there is a predestination, but a person can choose for himself whether to follow this law or not. The author makes the chapter "The Fatalist" the final one in order to give the reader food for thought, to make him think for a long time about the philosophical meaning of this story.
In the last part of the novel, Pechorin for the first time plays not with someone else's fate, but with his own. The hero decides to help others, so he hurries alone to grab the Cossack who killed Vulich and locked himself in an empty hut on the outskirts of the village. As the events are narrated in the novel, the bad deeds of the protagonist accumulate, but with each chapter, his guilt is felt less and less and his dignities are more and more manifested. in "Bela" not only Bela perishes at the whim of Pechorin, but her entire family, and in "Fatalist" the hero accomplishes a feat, capturing a Cossack murderer. The author wants Pechorin to be remembered by the reader precisely for the heroic deed that elevates him in our eyes.
The author gradually draws a portrait of a typical person, a "hero of the time", revealing all his advantages and disadvantages. The events rearranged in time gradually bring the hero closer to the reader, reveal his riddle, and in the end Pechorin himself opens in his diary. In the chapter "The Fatalist" the image of the character is fully drawn. The author gives the reader the opportunity to understand the character of Pechorin himself and to understand the inevitability of the appearance of people of this type.
It is no coincidence that the chapter "The Fatalist" is the final one we see. With her, the meaning of the work is revealed, she leaves the most important questions open for reflection, inviting us to think about the purpose of many things in our life.
Updated: 2018-06-09
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Answer:
The novel "A Hero of Our Time" is primarily a psychological work. It has five parts. Each of them is a complete story. All of them are arranged not in chronological order, but in accordance with the author's intention: to show readers most fully and clearly who Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin is - a hero of our time. For this, Lermontov draws a psychological portrait of Pechorin.
The novel opens with the story "Bela", where Pechorin is presented to the readers from the words of the captain Maksim Maksimych. This is followed by a chapter entitled "Maksim Maksimych". In it, the author himself introduces us to Pechorin. And here are the last three chapters - Pechorin's diary. Here the hero himself reveals his inner world, explains the reasons for his behavior, reveals all his shortcomings.
The last is the story "The Fatalist". In it, Pechorin is in the company of border guard officers and makes a bet with one of them - Vulich. He claims that there is a predestination of fate, that is, each person will die when he is destined. And before that, nothing will happen to him. To prove his words, he is going to shoot himself in the head. Vulich fires, but there is a misfire. The next shot is directed into the air. However, Pechorin is convinced that he sees the proximity of death on Vulich's face, and warns the officer about this. And indeed: in the evening Vulich was hacked to death by a drunken Cossack, and then he locked himself in the house. Upon learning of this, Pechorin volunteers to arrest the Cossack alone. And he arrests.
In the previous chapters, we studied the character of Pechorin, and in "Fatalist" we got an idea of his worldview. At first, he disagrees with Wulich about the existence of predestination, and then he tempts fate, trying to arrest an armed Cossack. Maybe this indicates that Pechorin believed in fate? Or at least he began to doubt. Does this mean that the question that Pechorin asked himself about his purpose in life received a positive answer. And is he really created to destroy someone else's happiness?
This chapter is the most philosophical in the entire novel. And it allows the reader to understand the character of the hero of our time for himself, to think about his character, about his fate and put himself in Pechorin's place. That is why it is she who ends the novel. The author is not our assistant in this. Lermontov said in the preface that he was not going to judge Pechorin's actions. "I only indicated the disease, but not the means to cure it."
A comment. The examinee reveals the topic of the essay based on author's position... He also formulates his point of view quite definitely, but at the end of the work the thought that the author is not “an assistant” to the reader in comprehending Pechorin's character sounds unmotivated. In addition, a number of theses are not fully disclosed in the work (it is not explained, for example, what position Pechorin stands for when he makes a bet with Vulich).
There are factual errors in the essay: the statement that Pechorin was in the circle of officers-border guards is wrong, it is wrong to say that the novel is “primarily a psychological work” and that only in the story “Fatalist” an idea of Pechorin's worldview is given. The examinee clearly simplifies the essence of the concept of "predestination": "predestination of fate, that is, each person will die when he is destined." (According to the first criterion, 1 point.)
Answering the proposed question, the examinee showed a good level of knowledge of theoretical and literary terms necessary for the analysis of literary material. He aptly uses terms such as "novel", "story", "chapter", "hero", "psychological portrait". At the same time, the concept of "author" is used inaccurately in the essay: it means the statement that in the chapter "Maksim Maksimych" Pechorin is introduced to the reader by "the author himself" (in fact, this is done by the narrator). (The second criterion is 2 points.)
In general, the work is characterized by semantic integrity and compositional harmony. Its parts are logically interconnected, but the expressed thoughts do not always find confirmation and justification, which leads to separate logical violations within the parts of the essay. So, the content of the first and final paragraph is not exhausted to the end: talking about Vulich's bet, the examinee does not explain why the second shot was fired into the air. (According to the fourth criterion, 2 points.)
Some speech mistakes and shortcomings were made in the work: "where Pechorin is presented from the words of the staff-captain", "predestination of fate", "the most philosophical chapter", "the last is the story." Attention is drawn to the inappropriateness of the conjunction "a" in the third sentence, unjustified repetitions of words (for example, "myself" in the second paragraph), inaccuracy in the choice of the word (in the circulation "reveals its shortcomings" it would be better to use a word with a stronger meaning "vices" ). At the same time, the majority of these violations are in the nature of shortcomings, and not gross errors, which makes it possible to put 1 point on the fifth criterion.
Essay score: 8 points (according to five criteria: 1; 2; 2; 2; 1).
The novel "A Hero of Our Time" by M.Yu. Lermontov is a work of social and psychological orientation, consisting of five chapters. They are separate stories and are arranged not according to the plot, but according to the plot. This technique allows the author to most fully depict the psychological portrait of the protagonist - Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin, and the reader to imagine his character as objectively as possible.
Readers get an idea of Pechorin from various sources. In the first chapter of Bela, Pechorin is shown through the eyes of a retired staff captain Maksim Maksimovich, his colleague. Further, the author-narrator describes Pechorin's appearance and gives its social and psychological interpretation in the story “Maxim Maksimych”. In Pechorin's diary, which includes "Taman", "Princess Mary" and "Fatalist", the hero conducts an internal introspection. But some of the features of his extraordinary personality can only be learned from other characters. Landscape images also play a significant role.
In my opinion, there are several reasons why the chapter "The Fatalist" is the final chapter in the work.
Firstly, this is due to a kind of "compositional ring". The action of the novel ends in the same fortress in the Caucasus, where the action of the story "Bela" takes place.
Secondly, Pechorin, throughout the entire novel, searches for the essence of being and ponders for what purpose he exists in this world. In Fatalist, Officer Vulich claims that everything in life is subject to the law of predestination, and on the same day this is confirmed by his death. It does not come from a deliberate attempt to shoot himself, but from the hand of a drunken Cossack who happened to meet him on his way home. Under the influence of this event, Pechorin comes to the conclusion that, perhaps, there is a predestination, but contrary to divine will, a person himself determines whether to follow this law or not. According to Pechorin, “his whole life was a chain of continuous contradictions between the mind and heart,” therefore, in this situation, he independently assigns himself a sad fate - to destroy the fate and happiness of other people.
Thus, Lermontov "like a doctor diagnoses a sick eyelid", but "does not indicate a way to cure this disease." It makes readers think about the deep philosophical meaning of the chapter and leaves them in this state ...
Why exactly the story "Fatalist" completes the novel "Hero of Our Time" by M.Yu. Lermontov?
The novel "A Hero of Our Time" by M.Yu. Lermontov is a work of social and psychological orientation, consisting of five chapters. They are separate stories and are arranged not according to the plot, but according to the plot. This technique allows the author to most fully depict the psychological portrait of the protagonist - Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin, and the reader to imagine his character as objectively as possible.
Readers get an idea of Pechorin from various sources. In the first chapter of Bela, Pechorin is shown through the eyes of a retired staff captain Maksim Maksimovich, his colleague. Further, the author-narrator describes Pechorin's appearance and gives its social and psychological interpretation in the story “Maxim Maksimych”. In Pechorin's diary, which includes "Taman", "Princess Mary" and "Fatalist", the hero conducts an internal introspection. But some of the features of his extraordinary personality can only be learned from other characters. Landscape images also play a significant role.
In my opinion, there are several reasons why the chapter "The Fatalist" is the final chapter in the work.
Firstly, this is due to a kind of "compositional ring". The action of the novel ends in the same fortress in the Caucasus, where the action of the story "Bela" takes place.
Secondly, Pechorin, throughout the entire novel, searches for the essence of being and ponders for what purpose he exists in this world. In Fatalist, Officer Vulich claims that everything in life is subject to the law of predestination, and on the same day this is confirmed by his death. It does not come from a deliberate attempt to shoot himself, but from the hand of a drunken Cossack who happened to meet him on his way home. Under the influence of this event, Pechorin comes to the conclusion that, perhaps, there is a predestination, but contrary to divine will, a person himself determines whether to follow this law or not. According to Pechorin, “his whole life was a chain of continuous contradictions between the mind and heart,” therefore, in this situation, he independently assigns himself a sad fate - to destroy the fate and happiness of other people.
Thus, Lermontov "like a doctor diagnoses a sick eyelid", but "does not indicate a way to cure this disease." It makes readers think about the deep philosophical meaning of the chapter and leaves them in this state ...
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